406:
116:
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20:
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Sales of natural trees continued to slide after 2000, and by 2003 sales of natural trees reached 23.4 million. From 2003 to 2017 sales of natural trees remained flat at 23.4 million annually. During the same period, artificial tree sales rose from 7.3. to 9.6 million annually. Historically, U.S. consumers, much like those in Europe, preferred open, light density trees. Modern U.S. Christmas tree consumers want higher density trees, and begin purchasing trees shortly after
463:, thus support the Hotelling rule. Among the study's results was that, "prices across age cohorts increase at the rate higher than the interest rate." The results also explained the mystery of why Christmas tree merchants do not price trees by the foot. Each foot of an older tree is more valuable than a foot of a younger tree; this is because the percentage increase in price per foot is adversely impacted by the declining growth rate as trees age.
426:
production requires only small amounts of up-front capital. Each tree can cost land owners $ 5–10 from the time it is planted as a seedling until it is harvested as a mature
Christmas tree; that cost includes land costs, and costs accumulated through the growing process. In the early 21st century, Christmas tree farmers typically got annual returns of between $ 600–1,000 per acre of trees planted.
108:
193:
76:. The growing season differs because harvest is during a different time of year, this means that lessons learned about farming in the United States and Europe are more difficult to apply to Australia. The seasonal difference also affects the pruning and shearing schedule for the crop. The other primary difference in Australian Christmas tree farming is found in the type of tree grown,
97:
429:
Christmas tree farming has initial costs associated with establishing the farm. Land, if unowned, must be purchased, as does equipment. Crop failures are also not uncommon which can negate years of work. Besides land, and pests, diseases and bad weather tree farmers must contend with costs associated
377:
were considered too many and
Christmas trees sold for around $ 5 as opposed to the usual $ 18–30 each. Natural Christmas tree use continued to decline over the next decade, in part, due to the continued rise in popularity of artificial trees. In U.S. states where a marginal number of trees were
42:
trees purposely grown for use as a
Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual
425:
One appeal of
Christmas tree farms to growers is that it can be a profitable way to use low quality farmland, though this trend is changing within the industry. Christmas tree farms can turn a profit in as little as six years, and though some overhead in equipment and labor does exist Christmas tree
245:
was home to the most
American Christmas tree farms in 2002; the state boasted 2,164 farms. Oregon, however, had the most land devoted to the crop with 67,800 acres (274 km) being used for Christmas tree farming. Between 2002 and 2012 the production of Christmas trees had declined by over 60% in
204:
In 2002, in the United States, 21,904 Christmas tree farms covering 447,000 acres (1,809 km) of cropland accounted for the 20.8 million
Christmas trees cut. Of those farms, 686 harvested 100 acres (0.4 km) or more, which accounted for over 196,000 acres (793 km) of the total area of
381:
Over 35 million U.S. households displayed natural
Christmas trees in 1990, slightly outpaced by the 36.3 million homes that opted for artificial trees that same year. By 2000, the split was more dramatic with 50.6 million homes using artificial trees while 32 million chose natural Christmas trees.
305:
are made of 100% recycled plastics from used PVC packaging materials in China. Promoters of artificial trees highlight them as convenient, reusable, and of better quality than artificial trees of the past. Supporters also note that some apartment buildings have banned natural trees because of fire
470:
for the natural
Christmas tree market. Davis and Wohlgenant concluded that the price elasticities for natural Christmas trees with respect to natural tree prices and annualized artificial tree prices were -0.674 and 0.188. The estimates incorporated survey data from 558 households in Washington,
161:
The seeds used to grow
Christmas trees in most European countries are harvested in Georgia (90%). The working conditions of seed pickers in a largely unregulated industry has been highlighted as a concern to the main companies buying seeds for cultivation in Denmark. Ultimately the growing of
188:
Christmas tree growers, 95 percent of the trees they produce are sold or shipped directly from the farms. On each of the 1 million acres (4,000 km) planted in
Christmas trees annually there are usually about 2,000 trees, the number of trees that survive to harvest varies from
450:
A 2001 study attempted to make predictions about Christmas tree prices and the relationship between tree price and tree age, which corresponds to tree height. The study was based on data obtained from the prices of Christmas trees in North Carolina during December 1997 and used a
205:
trees harvested. That same year, there were only three U.S. Christmas tree farms with more than 10,000 acres (40 km) of cropland in production. The total U.S. crop in 2004 was valued at $ 506 million with $ 143 million attributed to the nation's leading producer in 2004,
200:
There are 3 major growing regions in North America: the Pacific northwest, the northeast region of Canada and United States, and the Appalachians region of North Carolina and surrounding states. North American exports are commonly the highest quality in foreign markets.
49:
consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a
71:
Christmas tree farming is a relatively new agricultural pursuit in Australia with the industry only sprouting up within the early 21st century. There are a number of differences in Christmas tree production in Australia when compared with nations in the
162:
Christmas trees that end up in the majority of homes across Europe have been produced by workers in conditions protected by European law. However, the seeds harvested in Georgia to produce those trees are collected by workers in very poor conditions.
276:
on 5000 hectares of land. The USDA reported in 2011 that the majority of Christmas tree production in Mexico took place in the State of Mexico, 60 percent. However, tree production still took place in Nuevo León, Veracruz, as well as the states of
363:
Christmas tree consumers in Europe prefer trees with less density and a more open, layered appearance. This is partially because trees are displayed for a relatively short period of time in Europe, and many are lit with candles.
309:
There is also a robust market for artificial Christmas trees in Poland. An estimated 20 percent of all Christmas trees sold in Poland are artificial, and many are made domestically by individual families. One producer from
339:
British demand for natural Christmas trees is around 8 million annually, with about two-thirds of households opting for artificial trees. When a Danish tree shortage in 2006 resulted in only 200,000 of the usual 1 million
240:
there are almost 100 Christmas tree farms which average 800 trees annually. Ninety percent of Alabama's tree farms are "choose and cut" type operations which allow customers to visit and cut their own live Christmas tree.
372:
The market for natural Christmas trees in the United States began to tumble when an oversupply during the late 1980s through the mid-1990s sent prices downward. In 1992, harvests of around 850,000 trees in
967:
272:
was done through natural forests, a shift began in the 1980s and, especially, the 1990s toward plantations and nurseries. For the years 2009 and 2010 around 800,000 Christmas trees were grown in
430:
with tractors and other equipment for planting, harvest and cultivation. Fences, storage buildings, worker protection and pesticide regulations also add to the expenses of Christmas tree farms.
189:
750–1,500 depending upon location. Christmas trees take an average of 6 to 10 years (from transplant) to mature for harvest and each year 73 million new Christmas trees are planted.
1105:
54:
in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree prices declined with age and demonstrated why more farmers do not price their trees by the foot. In 1993, economists made the first known
725:
700:
505:
750:
1405:
960:
179:
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enjoyed a 95 percent market share on tree imports. By 2009 the U.S. still imported nearly 1 million trees into Mexico each year, with a small amount coming from
1143:
1578:
556:
1657:
1652:
154:. 2018 estimates indicated that Germany produced 18 million Christmas trees annually, followed by France's 6 million trees, Denmark's 10 million trees,
123:
The European demand for live trees reaches about 50 million per year, compared with the demand for about 35 million of the trees in the United States.
1667:
1339:
828:
669:
902:
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856:
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783:
405:
131:, France, Germany and Austria. Denmark exported about 1 million trees to Great Britain in 2004. 2005 Christmas tree sales in Denmark was about
697:
729:
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1390:
642:
577:
91:
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1400:
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stated that every other house was an artificial tree producer. The trees are made from a special film which is imported from China or
1593:
1528:
1303:
Davis, George C. and Wohlgenant, Michael K. "Demand Elasticities from a Discrete Choice Model: The Natural Christmas Tree Market", (
929:
246:
several US states including Kentucky, Montana, Louisiana, Minnesota, and even Wisconsin, whom harvested 994,594 less trees in 2012.
525:
483:
formula was used to arrive at the first known demand elasticity estimates ever completed for the natural Christmas tree market.
1608:
807:
606:, (authors from North Carolina State University and Washington State University), 13 October 2001. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
111:
A Christmas tree farm in the U.S. state of Oregon. Oregon had more area devoted to the crop than any other U.S. state in 2002.
1662:
1487:
1369:
1254:
1568:
1543:
1332:
512:), Agriculture Notes, Victoria Department of Primary Industries, January 2006, ISSN 1329-8062. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
224:
Trees are grown across the United States in varying conditions, Christmas trees are grown in all 50 U.S. states including
758:
1756:
383:
1153:
1603:
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30:
occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees.
1059:
1035:
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1364:
318:. Entire families take part in production and the trees are sold throughout Poland with some being exported to the
302:
389:
Much of Mexico's demand for Christmas trees (around 1.8 million annually) is met through importation. In 2004 the
82:, which is no longer commonly grown for Christmas trees in the United States and Europe, is popular in Australia.
23:
Customers haul a harvested Christmas tree at a "choose-and-cut" Christmas tree farm in the U.S. state of Maryland.
1598:
1421:
1014:
553:
1202:
1477:
1325:
1281:
Vukina, Tomislav, et al. (2001). A Hotelling-Faustmann Explanation of the Structure of Christmas Tree Prices. (
479:
about Christmas tree display preferences. Using the results of empirical estimates derived from the survey the
466:
A 1993 paper by George C. Davis and Michael K. Wohlgenant made what was, at the time, the only known estimated
115:
127:
is a major producer of live Christmas trees, about 90 percent are exported to other European nations, such as
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1548:
136:
780:
1613:
452:
73:
51:
1457:
994:
639:
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model for its predictions. The results showed, in general, that the change in prices reflected a
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55:
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943:, GAIN Report - Gain Report No: MX4312, August 25, 2004, accessed September 23, 2012.
708:
522:
390:
349:
345:
128:
78:
46:
1265:), Alternative Agricultural Enterprises, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
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221:. In 2012, 24 million trees were sold at a retail value of over $ 1 billion.
253:
sold in North America each year about 5 to 6 million are grown in Canada. In
158:
5.2 million trees, and Great Britain's 4.4 million Christmas trees produced.
357:
1179:
Tree Crops for Marginal Farmland: Christmas Trees With a Financial Analysis
96:
1085:
472:
356:, and Scots pine. The shortage was a result of a hot summer and a cut in
323:
315:
218:
1311:, Vol. 75, No. 3, August 1993, pp. 730-738. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
680:), 2002 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service
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1304:
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443:
286:
254:
237:
155:
146:
The leading European producers of natural Christmas trees are found in
124:
1011:
119:
An aerial view of a Christmas tree farm in the U.S. state of Missouri.
1497:
282:
273:
232:. Other states produced smaller number of trees. For example, in the
229:
225:
206:
829:"The 12 States Where Christmas Tree Harvesting Has Sagged the Most"
1317:
446:
demonstrates, most tree farmers do not price their trees per foot.
437:
404:
191:
114:
106:
95:
18:
1049:(Portland, Oregon), 19 November 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
938:
653:, 16 December 2003; 23 January 2006. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
140:
35:
1321:
386:. This requires trees to last longer and be harvested earlier.
1262:
1236:, via Washington State University. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
677:
509:
39:
1129:", Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,
1092:, via NBC News. 10 December 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
578:
Danish Christmas Tree Shortage Threatens Prices Across Europe
143:
160 million), of this amount kr1.1 billion was in exports.
913:, 26 March 1999; 31 July 2003. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
617:"Christmas tree pine cone pickers face dangers in Georgia"
523:
For a Very Merry Christmas, Invest in Trees for the Season
348:, British farmers were forced to make up the deficit with
268:
During the 1970s and 1980s domestic production of natural
1036:
Oregon Christmas tree growers branch out internationally
911:
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
600:
The Christmas Tree: Traditions, Production and Diseases
567:(London), 28 November 2006. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
196:
Families search for a Christmas Tree at a farm in Texas
751:"Consumer Survey Results - RETAIL MARKET VALUE - 2012"
1152:. National Christmas Tree Association. Archived from
417:
for pine shoot beetles at a Christmas tree farm near
1681:
1640:
1511:
1445:
1414:
1378:
1357:
257:, the markets are mainly dominated by sales of the
1209:, Ohio State University. Retrieved 25 August 2007.
1203:Bulletin 670: Choice of Lands for Christmas Trees
378:grown, many growers were driven out of business.
58:estimates for the natural Christmas tree market.
1116:, 21 December 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
1001:, 23 December 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
1066:, 30 November 1992. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
927:Mexico - Product Brief - Christmas Trees - 2004
548:
546:
544:
542:
536:, 23 December 2000. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
209:. Oregon was followed in production numbers by
1232:", Oregon State University Extension Service,
1133:, 3 November 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
889:, 4 December 2006. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
584:, 6 November 2006. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
180:Christmas tree production in the United States
1333:
1025:, December 19, 2002, accessed April 15, 2008.
961:"GAIN Report Number: MX1040, Christmas Trees"
715:, 19 December 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2007.
598:Chastagner, Gary A., and Benson, D. Michael.
8:
1289:83 (3): 513-525. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
1103:Fight Before Christmas: Real Trees vs. Fakes
594:
592:
590:
1658:Canadian Christmas Tree Growers Association
1579:Norwegian Christmas Tree (Washington, D.C.)
1653:British Christmas Tree Growers Association
1340:
1326:
1318:
1309:American Journal of Agricultural Economics
1287:American Journal of Agricultural Economics
1223:An Introduction to Growing Christmas Trees
1173:
1171:
790:", College of Agriculture - Horticulture,
692:
690:
1668:Danish Christmas Tree Growers Association
1277:
1275:
1252:Christmas trees is this the crop for you?
1246:
1244:
1242:
1192:, March 1997. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
1086:Live tree sales fall as fake market grows
500:
498:
496:
442:As this sign at a Christmas tree farm in
103:trees on a Christmas tree farm in Europe.
1299:
1297:
1295:
1269:, June 1995. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
1217:
1215:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
921:
919:
360:for growing Christmas trees in Denmark.
995:Poll: Fake Christmas Trees Grow Popular
682:United States Department of Agriculture
661:
659:
651:National Resources Conservation Service
492:
989:
987:
634:
632:
630:
604:Plant Management Network International
955:
953:
951:
949:
7:
1207:Ohio Christmas Tree Producers Manual
92:Christmas tree production in Denmark
1673:National Christmas Tree Association
1648:American Christmas Tree Association
1188:", Virginia Cooperative Extension,
1149:National Christmas Tree Association
755:National Christmas Tree Association
176:Christmas tree production in Mexico
172:Christmas tree production in Canada
1250:Barney, D.L., and Finnerty, T.L. "
779:Fischman, Bernice and Tilt, Ken. "
471:D.C., northern Virginia, southern
14:
554:Tree shortage threatens Christmas
1127:Forestry: Christmas Tree Farming
973:from the original on 2022-01-02
1663:Christmas Tree Promotion Board
1370:Christmas tree pests and weeds
814:, Christmas Trees & More,
1:
781:History of the Christmas Tree
667:Woodland Crops: 2002 and 1997
16:Production of Christmas trees
1627:White House (Washington D.C)
1131:Mississippi State University
857:"2012 Census of Agriculture"
728:. 2010-05-07. Archived from
649:", Plant Materials Program,
534:International Herald Tribune
1060:Holiday trees in oversupply
1041:September 27, 2007, at the
941:Foreign Agriculture Service
818:. Retrieved 25 August 2007.
713:United States Census Bureau
506:Growing cut Christmas trees
184:There are more than 20,000
1773:
1365:Christmas tree cultivation
1257:February 27, 2008, at the
1228:December 27, 2007, at the
1177:Johnson, James E. et al. "
726:"US Census Press Releases"
303:artificial Christmas trees
297:Artificial tree production
169:
89:
1752:Christmas tree production
1609:Trafalgar Square (London)
1422:Artificial Christmas tree
1201:Brown, James H., et al. "
1144:"Consumer Survey Results"
1017:January 13, 2009, at the
900:Christmas tree production
794:. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
684:. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
521:Preston, Holly Hubbard. "
52:Hotelling-Faustmann model
28:Christmas tree production
1478:Pleated Christmas hearts
1101:Muñoz, Sara, Schaefer. "
905:August 18, 2007, at the
863:. US Dept of Agriculture
672:October 3, 2007, at the
1544:Downing Street (London)
1427:Aluminum Christmas tree
1234:Oregon State University
1114:The Wall Street Journal
1012:Pining Fir the Holidays
457:competitive equilibrium
249:Of the 40 million live
62:Natural tree production
1726:Singing Christmas Tree
1539:Grand Place (Brussels)
1432:Feather Christmas tree
816:University of Illinois
447:
422:
419:East Lansing, Michigan
197:
120:
112:
104:
24:
1483:Shiny Brite ornaments
883:Christmas tree safety
441:
408:
195:
118:
110:
99:
22:
1694:Christmas tree stand
1574:Mount Ingino (Italy)
805:Christmas Tree Facts
703:May 7, 2010, at the
640:Christmas Tree Facts
395:production in Canada
1757:Christmas economics
1386:Canadian production
1267:University of Idaho
1156:on 30 November 2018
468:demand elasticities
453:Hotelling-Faustmann
74:Northern Hemisphere
1594:Rockefeller Center
1589:U.S. National Tree
1529:California Capitol
1458:Christmas ornament
1401:Mexican production
1184:2007-09-19 at the
1108:2016-01-21 at the
1064:The New York Times
1047:KGW News Channel 8
932:2012-09-11 at the
925:Lehrer, Michael. "
861:Agriculture Counts
837:. 29 November 2018
810:2008-05-16 at the
786:2007-06-29 at the
698:The Holiday Season
645:2006-09-22 at the
623:. 2 December 2010.
559:2007-09-29 at the
528:2011-05-20 at the
448:
423:
198:
121:
113:
105:
25:
1739:
1738:
1632:Wisconsin Capitol
1604:Toledo (Ohio) Zoo
1559:Lisbon (Portugal)
1488:Spider and/or web
1396:Global production
1391:Danish production
792:Auburn University
504:Sonogan, Bruce. "
56:demand elasticity
1764:
1564:Macy's (Atlanta)
1512:Individual trees
1463:Christmas lights
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1342:
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1090:Associated Press
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1034:Rose, Michael. "
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966:. May 12, 2011.
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761:on 28 April 2016
757:. Archived from
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1406:U.S. production
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993:Langer, Gary. "
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186:North American
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152:western Europe
135:1.2 billion (
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346:British Isles
344:trees to the
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165:
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139:204 million,
138:
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129:Great Britain
126:
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1709:Podłaźniczka
1682:Other topics
1641:Trade groups
1614:
1584:U.S. Capitol
1549:Grove (L.A.)
1437:Pre-lit tree
1395:
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342:Nordmann Fir
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263:White Spruce
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243:Pennsylvania
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1503:Tree-topper
1493:Szaloncukor
1446:Decorations
1358:Cultivation
1160:30 November
867:30 November
841:30 November
834:Lawnstarter
582:Terra Daily
415:Scotch pine
375:New England
312:Koziegłówki
279:Mexico City
1746:Categories
1731:Tree baler
1689:Chichilaki
1453:Candy cane
1415:Artificial
1379:Production
977:2022-01-02
765:21 January
736:2021-05-18
487:References
481:elasticity
354:Fraser Fir
306:concerns.
291:Guanajuato
261:, and the
259:Scots pine
234:U.S. state
215:Washington
170:See also:
90:See also:
1599:Sri Lanka
1569:Milwaukee
358:subsidies
156:Belgium's
67:Australia
1255:Archived
1226:Archived
1182:Archived
1106:Archived
1039:Archived
1015:Archived
999:ABC News
968:Archived
930:Archived
903:Archived
887:CBC News
808:Archived
784:Archived
701:Archived
670:Archived
643:Archived
621:BBC News
557:Archived
526:Archived
473:Maryland
335:European
324:Slovakia
316:Thailand
219:Michigan
1622:Vatican
1617:(Paris)
1534:Chicago
1468:Garland
459:in the
444:Seattle
413:checks
287:Jalisco
255:Ontario
238:Alabama
148:central
125:Denmark
1524:Boston
1519:Anthem
1498:Tinsel
1473:Pickle
330:Market
289:, and
283:Puebla
274:Mexico
230:Hawaii
226:Alaska
217:, and
207:Oregon
178:, and
86:Europe
1305:JSTOR
1283:JSTOR
971:(PDF)
964:(PDF)
565:Metro
301:Most
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