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They attacked across Tīrelis Swamp against the
Latvian and Russian positions. The Latvian Riflemen and the Siberian regiments desperately defended their positions for three days. The Russians attempted to launch three counterattacks, but all failed. In one of those counterattacks, the Latvian Riflemen were forced to attack across an open field against German machine guns and thus suffered heavy losses (especially the 3rd Kurzeme Regiment). The temperature dropped to -38°C rendering it impossible for either side to continue active warfare. The Germans managed to regain 80% of their lost positions, although 'Machine-gun Hill' stayed in Russian hands.
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on
Machine-gun Hill. Many German soldiers managed to retreat, around 1000 being taken prisoners. It was the biggest victory by the Russian forces on the Riga Front and the German Army lost one of its strongest fortifications. Overall, a more than 7 kilometer wide gap was made in the German lines. However, the commander of the 12th Russian Army was not in a position to exploit the opportunity and organize a pursuit because he had not anticipated the Latvian Rifle Brigade's victory.
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1487:. Whilst the mutiny by the Siberian units on the field caused a halt in the Russian battle-plan, the Germans were receiving substantial troop reinforcement from Jelgava, and quickly launched a counter-attack upon the Russian and Latvian positions in their breached defences. Fighting in a mid-winter temperature of -35°C, the Latvian Riflemen units held back German attacks for two days.
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barriers. After this was done, the main forces of the two
Latvian Riflemen brigades advanced through the breached wire using the element of surprise without any artillery support to prevent giving the German garrison forces an advanced warning of the ongoing operation. After successfully crossing the
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were stationed in
Jelgava. On the early morning of 23 January a massive artillery barrage started, soon followed by an infantry attack along the whole battle line. The main German forces consisted of the 1st. Reserve division (1. Reserve-Division) and 2nd Infantry Division (2. Infanterie-Division).
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Hill"). On
Christmas morning, the 3rd and 7th Latvian Riflemen Regiments, together with the 53rd Siberian Regiment, after suffering heavy losses, partially surrounded the German forces. The 2nd Latvian Rifleman Brigade attacked the position from the rear and thus finally broke the German resistance
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This operation cost the
Latvian rifleman and Russians bloody losses. However, they partially fulfilled their goal, the Russians tested a new breakthrough tactic, which proved successful, and they were also able to pull back part of the German forces from the Romanian front, which helped the latter
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homestead fell to the assaulting forces. At this point the attack was stopped as the
Russian Commander-in-Chief had no reinforcements on hand to put into the action apart from 17th Siberian Regiment, which refused to go to battle, this mutiny was supported by several other units from the II and VI
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they captured the first German battle line after a brief skirmish. Many of the soldiers could not make it to the wall and did not have a way to retreat without the
Germans spotting them, thus these units chose to die from frostbite (whilst not moving) over betraying their fellow Latvian brothers.
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The battle continued over the next two days with varying success, as all the
Latvian units became involved in heavy fighting within the breached position and the German defence stiffened as it received reinforcements from Jelgava. In further fighting the German second
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and
Jelgava. The main assault force was the 6th Siberian Rifle Corps which included two Latvian Riflemen brigades ("strēlnieki" who became a part of Latvian folklore and an important factor in the Latvian national awakening movement).
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in the attack, their main task being to capture the first German lines and clear the way for the main force following behind them. Wearing white winter camouflage uniforms and using the cover of a heavy
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Also a railway line was constructed for the delivery of ammunition. The Russian 12th Army was divided into three groups before it attacked. The main task force was the Babīte group which consisted of 48
1335:. The operation took place from 23 December until 29 December 1916 according to the Julian Calendar (or 5 January to 11 January according to the Gregorian Calendar). The 12th Army was commanded by Gen.
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After their partial defeat in the Christmas battles, the German 8th Army organized a counterattack to capture lost positions. The Germans received strong reinforcements and many fresh
1398:. On the opposite side were 19 German battalions from the 6th Landwehr-Brigade. The core of the Babīte group was the 6th Siberian Corps. which included both Latvian Riflemen brigades.
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avoid defeat. However, the 12th Army Command punished the Siberian Riflemen, some of whom refused to go into battle – 92 of them were brought before the war tribunal and
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1554:. The museum was created to honour Latvian riflemen and other soldiers who fought on the Riga Front during the First World War. Many of the old
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battlefield. In mid-December 1916 there was a deep drop in temperature with a heavy frost, making it impossible to move through the now frozen
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1669:С.Г. Нелипович «Русская армия в кампании 1917 г.» (опубликовано в альманахе «Великая война 1914-1918. Выпуск 6, 2017, p.50-55)
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on the northern side of Tīreļpurvs. A central part of those fortifications was a fortified hill, which later was named
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1576:Илья Максимов. Военно-исторический атлас России. IX - XX века. ДРОФА, Дом интеллектуальной книги, 2006 г. (in Russian)
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in October 1915. Almost immediately German forces began fortifying their positions. A huge, 30 kilometer long
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1451:, who expected that Russian troops would be celebrating Christmas. The Latvian Riflemen were the
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and gain access to the German fortifications. It was quickly decided to launch an attack at
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are still visible in this area today, complemented by reconstructed fortifications and
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On 25 December (7 January) Russian troops launched an attack on heavily fortified
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The attack began early morning 23 December (5 January) and surprised the
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Siberian Army Corps, and an augury of things to come in the
1601:]. Foreword by Nikolai Starikov. St.Petersburg: Piter.
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Today Tīrelis Swamp and the nearby forests are part of the
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and bunker in the Museum of the Christmas Battles. (2009)
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Latvian Rifleman in the trenches during Christmas Battles
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German scheme of the Riga front and Christmas battles
1572:Information of the Christmas Battles (in German).
1529:, and several hundred were sent back to Siberia.
1585:Chronology of the Christmas Battles (In English)
1248:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
1460:, the Latvians cut passages through the German
1362:The German 8th army's advance was stopped near
90:
1307:) were offensive operations conducted by the
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8:
1627:] (in Russian). Moscow: центрополиграф.
1416:After the failure of the 1916 campaigns in
1411:Christmas Battle Positions in Tīrelis Swamp
1345:The battles took place in a swampy region,
138:German counterattack: 9 – 21 January 1917 (
1726:Battles of the Eastern Front (World War I)
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126:Russian offensive: 23 – 29 December 1916 (
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76:Learn how and when to remove this message
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39:This article includes a list of general
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1507:January battles: German counterattack
7:
16:Battles on the Eastern Front of WWI
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1621:Царствование императора Николая 2
1548:which in its turn is a branch of
21:Christmas battle (disambiguation)
1263:1918 Russia–Ukraine negotiations
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1625:The Reign of Emperor Nicholas 2
1580:History of the Latvian Riflemen
1546:Museum of the Christmas Battles
300:3,500, including 1,000 captured
1536:Reconstructed fragment of the
1084:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
1:
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1258:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
18:
1385:across the Tīrelis Swamp.
1349:(Tīrelis Swamp), between
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1163:Assault on Chongar Bridge
1043:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
883:Second Brusilov offensive
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95:
1731:Battles involving Latvia
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1599:Russia-Shield of Entente
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1339:; it was opposed by the
1207:Romanian Campaign (1918)
985:Romanian Campaign (1917)
924:Romanian campaign (1916)
660:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
1253:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
410:East Prussia war crimes
60:more precise citations.
1721:Battles of World War I
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209:Commanders and leaders
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1381:German fortification
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1309:Imperial Russian Army
878:Baranovichi offensive
454:Halich-Lviv offensive
295:Casualties and losses
222:Friedrich von Scholtz
166:Minor Russian victory
154:(Tīrelis Swamp) near
132:5 – 11 January 1917 (
1212:Anti-Hetman Uprising
666:Gorlice breakthrough
19:For other uses, see
1736:January 1917 events
1284:Ziemassvētku kaujas
1096:The Battle of Irpin
1072:Battle of Berdychiv
941:February Revolution
759:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
1595:Россия-щит Антанты
1551:Latvian War Museum
1542:
1527:sentenced to death
1485:Russian Revolution
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1414:
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1305:Митавская операция
1007:October Revolution
963:Tarnopol-Offensive
946:Kerensky offensive
845:Brusilov offensive
607:2nd Masurian Lakes
471:Galicia war crimes
405:1st Masurian Lakes
1634:978-5-227-09905-1
1617:Oldenburg, Sergey
1608:978-5-496-01795-4
1591:Oleynikov, Alexei
1424:to resist on the
1329:Russian 12th Army
1276:Christmas Battles
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929:Christmas Battles
634:2nd Vistula River
495:Laski and Anielin
489:1st Vistula River
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1370:(the so-called:
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517:2nd East Prussia
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1703:Oleynikov 2016
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1679:Oleynikov 2016
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1658:Oldenburg 2022
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1120:Lozova station
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66:November 2011
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1422:their allies
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644:1st Courland
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385:Gross-Bresau
362:
175:Belligerents
151:
96:Part of the
72:
63:
44:
1538:German Wall
1500:Machine-gun
1467:German Wall
1462:barbed wire
1383:German Wall
1372:German Wall
1351:Lake Babīte
1317:World War I
1217:Motovilivka
1166: [
1147: [
1135: [
1123: [
1099: [
1087: [
1075: [
1063: [
1054:Faustschlag
966: [
915: [
903: [
891: [
829:Lake Naroch
803: [
732:Vistula-Bug
698:Kraupishken
693:3rd Osowiec
649:2nd Bolimów
639:2nd Osowiec
586: [
572:Carpathians
548:Bzura-Rawka
532:Krzywopłoty
483:1st Osowiec
462: [
459:Jarosławice
434:Zolota Lypa
424:1st Kraśnik
400:Abschwangen
370:Stallupönen
58:introducing
1715:Categories
1643:References
1492:sand dunes
1402:The battle
1392:battalions
1358:Background
1347:Tīreļpurvs
1231:Baltic Sea
1185:Sevastopol
1038:Bessarabia
873:2nd Kekava
839:Stolovichy
834:1st Kekava
439:Gnila Lipa
395:Tannenberg
358:Wierzbołów
152:Tīreļpurvs
41:references
1619:(2022).
1593:(2016).
1520:Aftermath
1513:divisions
1458:snowstorm
1434:Christmas
1327:, by the
1289:‹See Tfd›
1236:Black Sea
1180:Salt Lake
1012:Zhmerynka
975:Krechowce
958:July Days
900:Schmarden
856:Mamornița
771:Grubeshov
710:Bug-Narew
627:Kalvarija
578:Rafajlowa
566:Cârlibaba
542:Łowczówek
501:San River
390:Gumbinnen
276:12th Army
1556:trenches
1394:and 208
1202:Dibrivka
1115:Bakhmach
1048:Rarańcza
990:2nd Riga
747:1st Riga
654:Pakosław
537:Limanowa
512:Mołotków
507:Przemyśl
478:Augustów
282:Strength
264:8th Army
147:Location
1560:bunkers
1480:Mangaļi
1449:Germans
1418:Romania
1396:cannons
1331:of the
1321:Jelgava
1315:during
1301:Russian
1280:Latvian
1033:Finland
912:Lysonia
812:Smorgon
737:Jastków
683:Rokitna
671:Syniava
595:Makivka
449:Gorodek
429:Komarow
418:Galicia
380:Kaushen
290:189,000
287:unknown
190:Germany
100:of the
54:improve
1631:
1605:
1426:Verdun
1325:Latvia
1293:German
1197:Kaniów
1175:Sivash
1158:Crimea
1132:Donbas
1001:Albion
951:Zboriv
817:Zurnvo
688:Tarłów
678:Konary
527:Kraków
303:23,000
187:
163:Result
43:, but
1623:[
1597:[
1170:]
1151:]
1139:]
1127:]
1108:Narva
1103:]
1091:]
1079:]
1067:]
1060:Keila
980:Krevo
970:]
919:]
907:]
895:]
866:Kowel
851:Lutsk
807:]
794:Vilno
787:Rovno
766:Rasna
752:Kovno
720:Narew
622:Memel
617:Łomża
590:]
466:]
375:Orlau
1629:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1368:wall
1364:Riga
1311:and
1274:The
1022:1918
935:1917
888:Misa
823:1916
781:Prut
560:1915
522:Łódź
444:Rawa
352:1914
156:Riga
140:O.S.
134:N.S.
128:O.S.
123:Date
1478:at
1430:bog
1717::
1650:^
1562:.
1498:("
1323:,
1303::
1299:;
1295::
1286:;
1282::
1168:ru
1149:uk
1137:uk
1125:uk
1101:uk
1089:uk
1077:uk
1065:et
968:de
917:uk
905:fi
893:fi
805:lv
588:ru
464:ru
1637:.
1611:.
1278:(
332:e
325:t
318:v
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73:(
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64:(
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