2892:... In the course of the century, under the influence of the Oxford Movement's concern for the better observance of Christian festivals, Christmas became more and more prominent. By the later part of the century cathedrals provided special services and musical events, and might have revived ancient special charities for the poorâthough we must not forget the problems for large: parish-church cathedrals like Manchester, which on one Christmas Day had no less than eighty couples coming to be married (the signing of the registers lasted until four in the afternoon). The popularity of Dickens's A Christmas Carol played a significant part in the changing consciousness of Christmas and the way in which it was celebrated. The popularity of his public readings of the story is an indication of how much it resonated with the contemporary mood, and contributed to the increasing place of the Christmas celebration both in secular and in religious ways that were firmly established by the end of the nineteenth century.
2223:
equinoxes and solsticesâstill fell on different dates. By the time of the first century, the calendar date of the winter solstice in Egypt and
Palestine was eleven to twelve days later than the date in Rome. As a result the Incarnation came to be celebrated on different days in different parts of the Empire. The Western Church, in its desire to be universal, eventually took them bothâone became Christmas, one Epiphanyâwith a resulting twelve days in between. Over time this hiatus became invested with specific Christian meaning. The Church gradually filled these days with saints, some connected to the birth narratives in Gospels (Holy Innocents' Day, December 28, in honor of the infants slaughtered by Herod; St. John the Evangelist, "the Beloved", December 27; St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr, December 26; the Holy Family, December 31; the Virgin Mary, January 1). In 567, the Council of Tours declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to become one unified festal cycle.
1090:
2259:... What is important to the understanding of a life-changing moment is that it happened, not necessarily where or when it happened. The message is clear: Christmas is not about marking the actual birth date of Jesus. It is about the Incarnation of the One who became like us in all things but sin (Heb. 4:15) and who humbled Himself "to the point of deathâeven death on a cross" (Phil. 2:8). Christmas is a pinnacle feast, yes, but it is not the beginning of the liturgical year. It is a memorial, a remembrance, of the birth of Jesus, not really a celebration of the day itself. We remember that because the Jesus of history was born, the Resurrection of the Christ of faith could happen.
22:
1624:
Notre Dame was "de-baptized" for the occasion. The
Commune spared no expense: "The first festival of reason, which took place in Notre Dame, featured a fabricated mountain, with a temple of philosophy at its summit and a script borrowed from an opera libretto. At the sound of Marie-Joseph Chénier's Hymne à la Liberté, two rows of young women, dressed in white, descended the mountain, crossing each other before the 'altar of reason' before ascending once more to greet the goddess of Liberty." As you can probably gather from the above description, 1793 was not a great time to celebrate Christmas in the capital.
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various cultures developed a wide range of additional special festivities. The variation extends even to the issue of how to count the days. If
Christmas Day is the first of the twelve days, then Twelfth Night would be on January 5, the eve of Epiphany. If December 26, the day after Christmas, is the first day, then Twelfth Night falls on January 6, the evening of Epiphany itself. After Christmas and Epiphany were in place, on December 25 and January 6, with the twelve days of Christmas in between, Christians gradually added a period called Advent, as a time of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas.
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Christmas dinner-carriers are blessed; the cornucopia of
Christmas food and feasting reflects both the goodness of creation and the joy of heaven. It is a significant sign of a shift in theological emphasis in the nineteenth century from a stress on the Atonement to a stress on the Incarnation, a stress which found outward and visible form in the sacramentalism of the Oxford Movement, the development of richer and more symbolic forms of worship, the building of neo-Gothic churches, and the revival and increasing centrality of the keeping of Christmas itself as a Christian festival.
1109:", and accuse council officials of trying to take the Christ out of Christmas. The council responded to the criticism by stating that Christmas-related words and symbols were prominent in its publicity material: "there was a banner saying Merry Christmas across the front of the council house, Christmas lights, Christmas trees in the main civil squares, regular carol-singing sessions by school choirs, and the Lord Mayor sent a Christmas card with a traditional Christmas scene wishing everyone a Merry Christmas"
3132:, League of Militant Atheists propaganda and films. School courses were given on conducting the struggle against religion (how to profane a church, break windows, objects of piety). The young, always eager to be with the latest trend, often responded to such propaganda. In Moscow in 1929 children were brought to spit on the crucifixes at Christmas. Priests in Tiraspol diocese were sometimes betrayed by their own young parishioners, leading to their imprisonment and even death, and tearing their families apart.
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754:, lights, and decorating are still prominently showcased, but are associated with unspecified "holidays" rather than with Christmas. The controversy also includes objections to policies that prohibit government or schools from forcing unwilling participants to take part in Christmas ceremonies. In other cases, the Christmas tree, as well as Nativity scenes, have not been permitted to be displayed in public settings altogether. Also, several U.S. chain retailers, such as
525:"It is not lawful, O Stranger, for us to change the date of Crissmas, but would that Zeus would put it into the minds of the Niatirbians to keep Exmas at some other time or not to keep it at all. For Exmas and the Rush distract the minds even of the few from sacred things. And we indeed are glad that men should make merry at Crissmas; but in Exmas there is no merriment left." And when I asked him why they endured the Rush, he replied, "It is, O Stranger, a racket
461:, a revival in the traditional rituals and religious observances associated with Christmastime occurred. This ushered in "the development of richer and more symbolic forms of worship, the building of neo-Gothic churches, and the revival and increasing centrality of the keeping of Christmas itself as a Christian festival" as well as "special charities for the poor" in addition to "special services and musical events". Historian
1179:. There have been several local controversies over the issue. The political parties have mostly been in favor of this being decided by the schools themselves, but the government has underlined that schools who participate in Christmas services must offer an alternative for pupils who do not want to attend and that services must not take place on the day that marks the closing of schools before the Christmas holiday. The
604:, who in December 1966 claimed that Xmas was a "blasphemous omission of the name of Christ" and that "'X' is referred to as being symbolical of the unknown quantity." Smith further argued that Jews introduced Santa Claus to suppress the New Testament accounts of Jesus, and that the United Nations, at the behest of "world Jewry", had "outlawed the name of Christ". There is, however, a well-documented history of use of
7055:
1722:... The state prohibited people from selling Christmas trees. There were even festivals, organized by the League of Militant Atheists, specifically to denigrate religious holidays. Their carnivals were inspired by similar events staged by activists after the French Revolution. From 1923 to 1924 and then again from 1929 to 1930 the "Komsomol Christmases" and Easters were basically holiday celebrations of atheism.
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well as several other prominent retailers that practiced similar obscurations of the holiday. In 2006, in response to the public outcry, Walmart announced that they were amending their policy and would be using "Christmas" rather than "holiday". Among the changes, they noted that the former "Holiday Shop" would become the "Christmas Shop", and that there would be a "countin' down the days to
Christmas" feature.
1333:). During the 2013 holiday season, a Muslim youth group launched an anti-Santa Claus campaign, protesting against the celebration of Christmas in the country. In December 2015, political and religious activists organized protests against the growing influence of Christmas and Santa Claus in Turkish society. In Indonesia, some radicalists have suggested proposing December 25 as "World Moslem Convert Day" (
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1423:
700:, addressed the position of commentators such as O'Reilly, stating that "There is no war on Christmas; the idea is absurd at every level. Those who object to being forced to celebrate another's religion are drowning in Christmas in a sea of Christianity dominating all aspects of social life. An 80 percent majority can claim victimhood only with an extraordinary flight from reality."
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finally
December 25 was agreed upon as the most appropriate date. The choice of that day was, of course, wholly arbitrary, for neither the exact date not the period of the year at which the birth of Christ occurred is known. For purposes of commemoration, however, it is unimportant whether the celebration shall fall or not at the precise anniversary of the joyous event.
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games to intimidate and purge the youth of religious belief. It suggested that pupils campaign against customs associated with
Christmas (including Christmas trees) and Easter. Some schools, the League approvingly reported, staged an anti-religious day on the 31st of each month. Not teachers but the League's local set the programme for this special occasion.
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477:
277:, it may have been incorporated into the Christian celebration of Christmas there, with the pagan significance no longer remaining. However, as there are no existing references to a Christmas log prior to the 16th century, the burning of the Christmas block may have been an early modern invention by Christians unrelated to the pagan practice.
709:, addressed the "politically correct" question in America over use of the term "holidays", writing, "people who are clearly celebrating Christmas in their homes tend to be conflicted about what to say in the workplace or at school. No one wants to offend anyone or make assumptions about people's religious beliefs, especially at work."
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legislature declared last month that
Christmas, long ignored under atheist Communist ideology, should be written back into the public calendar. 'The Bolsheviks replaced crosses with hammers and sickles,' said Vyacheslav S. Polosin, head of the Russian legislature's committee on religion. 'Now they are being changed back.'
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473:, who "linked worship and feasting, within a context of social reconciliation". Dickens was not the first author to celebrate Christmastide in literature, but it was he who superimposed his humanitarian vision of the holiday upon the public, an idea that has been termed as Dickens's "Carol Philosophy".
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would be among the retailers that would not be using "Christmas" at all in their advertising that year. Dawn Bryant, a Best Buy spokeswoman, stated: "We are going to continue to use the term holiday because there are several holidays throughout that time period, and we certainly need to be respectful
484:
Historian
Stephen Nissenbaum contends that the modern celebration in the United States was developed in New York State from defunct and imagined Dutch and English traditions in order to refocus the holiday from one where groups of young men went from house to house demanding alcohol and food into one
2280:
Throughout the
Christian world the 25th of December is celebrated as the birthday of Jesus Christ. There was a time when the churches were not united regarding the date of the joyous event. Many Christians kept their Christmas in April, others in May, and still others at the close of September, till
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over what they claimed was the "company's censorship of the word 'Christmas.'" In an advertising campaign launched by Gap on 12 November, the term "Christmas" was both spoken and printed on their website at least once, and a television ad entitled "Go Ho Ho" featured lyrics such as "Go Christmas, Go
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of various prominent secular organizations, particularly retail giants, demanding that they use the term "Christmas", rather than solely "holiday", in their print, TV, online, and in-store marketing and advertising. This was also seen by some as containing a hidden anti-Jewish message. All the major
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in 1984, have permitted religious themes in government-funded Christmas displays that had "legitimate secular purposes". Since these rulings have been splintered and have left governments uncertain of their limits, many such displays have included secular elements such as reindeer, snowmen and elves
405:
disapproved of Christmas. The Plymouth Pilgrims put their loathing for the day into practice in 1620 when they spent their first Christmas Day in the New World building their first structure in the New Worldâthus demonstrating their complete contempt for the day. Non-Puritans in New England deplored
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An Elkhart high school Christmas concert will have to scrap part of its performance following a court ruling. US district court judge Jon Deguilio granted the Freedom From Religion Foundation a preliminary injunction. That means Concord High School is not allowed to portray a live Nativity scene in
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How did people celebrate the Christmas during the French Revolution? In white-knuckled terror behind closed doors. Anti-clericalism reached its apex on 10 November 1793, when a FĂȘte de la Raison was held in honor of the Cult of Reason. Churches across France were renamed "Temples of Reason" and the
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In 2007, a controversy arose when a public school in Ottawa, Ontario, planned to have the children in its primary choir sing a version of the song "Silver Bells" with the word "Christmas" replaced by "festive"; the concert also included the songs "Candles of Christmas" and "It's Christmas" with the
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supported Feuerstein's claim by suggesting a boycott of Starbucks, saying that "If I become president, we're all going to be saying 'Merry Christmas' again." Many social media users, including other Christians, perceived the criticism to be an overreaction. In contrast to the controversy, the color
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for avoiding the word "Christmas" in any of their marketing efforts. The company had downplayed the term "Christmas" in much of its advertising for several years. This caused some backlash among the public, prompting some groups to pass around petitions and threaten boycotts against the company, as
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Rep. Doug Lamborn of Colorado took a small but important step in Congress this week when he introduced a resolution, H. Res. 564, along with 35 cosponsors, to reassert the place of Christmas in the public square. The resolution "recognizes the importance of the symbols and traditions of Christmas;
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obliged with so many articles that it devoted an entire section of its annual index for 1928 to anti-religious training in the schools. More such material followed in 1929, and a flood of it the next year. It recommended what Lenin and others earlier had explicitly condemnedâcarnivals, farces, and
355:
in which the rich were expected to give to the poor on demand, and which with the addition of alcohol sometimes turned into violent intrusions. Protests followed as pro-Christmas rioting broke out in several cities and for weeks Canterbury was controlled by the rioters, who decorated doorways with
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For the first time in more than seven decades, Christmasâcelebrated today by Russian Orthodox Christiansâis a full state holiday across Russia's vast and snowy expanse. As part of Russian Federation President Boris N. Yeltsin's ambitious plan to revive the traditions of Old Russia, the republic's
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Carols were altered by substituting names of prominent political leaders for royal characters in the lyrics, such as the Three Kings. Church bells were melted down for their bronze to increase the national treasury, and religious services were banned on Christmas Day. The cake of kings, too, came
1311:
The Michigan Senate had a debate in 2005 over whether the decorated tree in front of the Michigan Capitol would continue to be called a holiday tree (as it had been since the early 1990s) or named a Christmas tree. The question was revisited in 2006, when the bipartisan Michigan Capitol Committee
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This arrangement became an administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar Julian calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east. While the Romans could roughly match the months in the two systems, the four cardinal points of the solar yearâthe two
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referred to the tree as a Christmas tree in his remarks and in the press release his office issued after the ceremony. Schwarzenegger had previously ended the secular practice of calling it a "holiday tree" in 2004 during the 73rd annual lighting. The name change was in honor of the late Senator
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Christmas trees will not be allowed at the Salem VA Medical Center this holiday season in public areas. 'Displays must not promote any religion. Please note that trees (regardless of the types of ornaments used) have been deemed to promote the Christian religion and will not be permitted in any
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As observed by Nicholas Brianchaninov, writing in 1929â1930, after the NEP and just as the worst of collectivization was beginning, the Soviets deemed it necessary to drive into the heads of the people the axiom that religion was the synthesis of everything most harmful to humanity. It must be
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In 567 the Council of Tours proclaimed that the entire period between Christmas and Epiphany should be considered part of the celebration, creating what became known as the twelve days of Christmas, or what the English called Christmastide. On the last of the twelve days, called Twelfth Night,
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advocate in his story was "the spirit of Christmas". Sociologist James Barnett has described it as Dickens's "Carol Philosophy", which "combined religious and secular attitudes toward to celebration into a humanitarian pattern. It excoriated individual selfishness and extolled the virtues of
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There is no doubt that A Christmas Carol is first and foremost a story concerned with the Christian gospel of liberation by the grace of God, and with incarnational religion which refuses to drive a wedge between the world of spirit and the world of matter. Both the Christmas dinners and the
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and prior to the start of the Christmas season in 2018, the Chinese government shut down many Christian churches and arrested their pastors to prevent them from celebrating the holiday. According to NetEase, on the Christmas Day of 2014, a "Boycotting Christmas" campaign launched in downtown
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Efforts have also been made to rename official public holiday trees as "Christmas trees". In 2002, a bill was introduced in the California Senate to rename the State Holiday Tree the California State Christmas Tree; while this measure did not pass, at the official lighting of the tree on
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established in 2004, held countrywide consultative public hearings in June and July 2012 to assess the need for a review of public holidays following the receipt of complaints from minority groups about unfair discrimination. The CRL Rights Commission stated that they would submit their
1218:, demanding that school visits to churches should still be allowed to include religious rituals. The minister clarified that church visits before Christmas might include the singing of Christmas hymns and a priest talking about the Christmas gospel, but common prayers and reading a
1112:
In November 2009, the city council of Dundee was accused of banning Christmas because it promoted its celebrations as the Winter Night Light festival, initially with no specific references to Christianity. Local church leaders were invited to participate in the event, and they did.
684:, avoided, or discouraged by a number of advertisers, retailers, government sectors (prominently schools), and other public and secular organizations. As the egalitarian term "holidays" gained popularity, some Americans and Canadians denounced that usage as a capitulation to
380:
contained the lines: "Now thanks to God for Charles return, / Whose absence made old Christmas mourn. / For then we scarcely did it know, / Whether it Christmas were or no." Many clergymen still disapproved of Christmas celebration. In Scotland, the presbyterian
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111:
Modern-day controversy occurs mainly in China, the United States and to a much lesser extent the United Kingdom. In the US, the generic term "holidays" and avoidance of using the term "Christmas" have been denounced by some figures as being concessions to
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as protest against this holiday; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. Additionally the League of Militant Atheists organised festivals "specifically to denigrate religious holidays" in the USSR.
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Christmas is not really about the celebration of a birth date at all. It is about the celebration of a birth. The fact of the date and the fact of the birth are two different things. The calendrical verification of the feast itself is not really that
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was criticized by the AFA for using terms such as "holiday" and "Hanukkah" on their website, but avoiding the term "Christmas". The retailer responded by saying they will be adjusting their website to make references to Christmas more prominent.
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In 2005, when the city of Boston labeled their official decorated tree as a holiday tree, the Nova Scotian tree farmer who donated the tree responded that he would rather have put the tree in a wood chipper than have it named a "holiday" tree.
959:, in which he accused Starbucks of "hating Jesus" by removing Christmas-oriented imagery from the cup, followed by him "tricking" a barista into writing "Merry Christmas" on the cup, and encouraging others to do the same. The video became a
903:, and declined to call off the boycott. On 24 November, the AFA ended the boycott, after learning from Gap's corporate vice president of communications that the company planned to launch a new commercial with a "very strong Christmas theme".
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that occurs around October, as "the worshipers were praying outside of the Temple and not within" for "only the priest could enter the Temple at this time to conduct the proper rituals"; because Jesus was six months younger than his cousin
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community, whose religious festivals (Christmas, Easter etc.) do not necessarily coincide precisely with those of the main western Christian churches (Catholic or Protestant), because of continued connection of the church calendar to the
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On the mainland, seventeenth-century Puritan New England had laws forbidding the observance of Christmas. The Christian groups who broke with the Catholic Church and the Church of England deemphasized Christmas in the early colonial
517:(484â425 BC). One of the holidays, "Exmas", is observed by a flurry of compulsory commercial activity and expensive indulgence in alcoholic beverages. The other, "Crissmas", is observed in Niatirb's temples. Lewis's narrator asks a
1308:
William "Pete" Knight. Schwarzenegger said at Knight's funeral that he would change the name back to Christmas tree. Knight had lobbied unsuccessfully to change the name after Governor Davis decided to call it a holiday tree.
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original lyrics. In 2011, in Embrun, Ontario, near Ottawa, some parents were displeased when a school replaced the Christmas concert it had held in previous years with a craft sale and winter concert scheduled for February.
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Probably the most popular tradition today is the lighting of candles on an Advent Wreath in both churches and homes. This custom originated among Lutherans in Germany in the 16th century and quickly became popular in other
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1312:
voted unanimously to use the term Christmas tree. And in 2007, Wisconsin lawmakers considered whether to rename the tree in the Wisconsin Capitol rotunda, a holiday tree since 1985, the Wisconsin State Christmas Tree.
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by October 2012. The CRL Rights Commission published its recommendations on 17 April 2013, including the scrapping of some existing public holidays to free up days for some non-Christian religious public holidays.
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in the Belgian capital sparked controversy in December 2012, as it was part of renaming the Christmas Market as "Winter Pleasures". Local opposition saw it as appeasement of the Muslim minority in the city.
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in Soviet cinema could, in fact be the shortest in this collection: suffice it to say that there were, at least officially, no Christmas celebrations in the atheist socialist state after its foundation in
200:
An early mention of Christmas observance is from 129 AD when a Roman bishop decreed: "In the Holy Night of the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour, all shall solemnly sing the Angels Hymn." In 274 AD,
2962:...Dickens preached that at Christmas men should forget self and think of others, especially the poor and the unfortunate." The message was one that both religious and secular people could endorse.
1671:"A Russian ChristmasâBetter Late Than Never: Soviet Union: Orthodox Church Celebration Is the First Under Communists. But, as with Most of Yeltsin's Pronouncements, the Holiday Stirs a Controversy"
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colored in solid red and containing no ornamentation besides the Starbucks logo, contrasting previous designs which featured winter-related imagery, and non-religious Christmas symbols such as
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1200:
A 2011 school law stating that public schools should be non-confessional led to debate over what this meant for the tradition that schools gather in churches in December to celebrate Advent,
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266:
of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas; the exact date of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth is considered a non-issue.
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364:(London, 1652) argued against the Puritans, and makes note of Old English Christmas traditions, dinner, roast apples on the fire, card playing, dances with "plow-boys" and "maidservants",
89:
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Hanukkah, Go Kwanzaa, Go Solstice" and "whatever holiday you wanna-kah". On 17 November, AFA responded to this campaign by condemning the ads for references to the "pagan holiday" of
485:
centered on the happiness of children. He notes that there was a deliberate effort to prevent children from becoming greedy in response. Christmas was not proclaimed a holiday by the
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For Christians, the precise date of the birth of Jesus is actually something of a non-issue. What really matters is that he was born as a human being, and entered into human history.
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later stated that the AFA's characterization of Home Depot's advertising was false, as the retailer's advertising had initially included several instances of the word "Christmas".
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During the French Revolution in 1793 the Gothic Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris was rededicated to the Cult of Reason, an atheistic doctrine intended to replace Christianity.
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of all of them." The AFA launched a campaign against Best Buy's policy. In reaction to the same policy, the Catholic League placed Best Buy on its 2006 Christmas Watch List.
3019:... 'One is a religious festival. This is important and obligatory for Christians; but as it can be of no interest to anyone else, I shall naturally say no more of it here.
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1287:, handed out fliers condemning Christmas and called for a boycott of "restaurants and hotels that sell or put up Christmas trees and other 'foolish' Christian symbols".
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strongly disapproves of attempts to ban references to Christmas; and expresses support for the use of these symbols and traditions by those who celebrate Christmas."
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The celebration of Christmas has occasionally been criticized by Muslims in Turkey. Turkey has adopted a secular version of Christmas and a Santa Claus figure named
739:, a Christian advocacy organization, believes that Christmas displays are consistent with the First Amendment, as well as court rulings that have repeatedly upheld
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festival with no biblical justification", and a time of wasteful and immoral behaviour. Puritans disliked traditions that inverted social hierarchies, such as
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Since the 1980s, there have been instances in the United States and Canada when officials used the term "holiday tree" to refer to what is commonly called a "
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When it was revealed in November 2006 that Walmart would be using the term "Christmas" in their advertising campaign, an article about the issue initiated by
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was criticized by the American Family Association for their decision not to use the term "Christmas" in any of their in-store, online, or print advertising.
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C.S. Lewis wrote of his revulsion for the commercialization of "Xmas" in several personal letters. Once, when asked about his view on the holiday, he wrote
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612:) as an abbreviation for "Christ" (ΧÏÎčÏÏÏÏ) and possibly also a symbol of the cross. The abbreviation appears on many Orthodox Christian religious icons.
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The Advent calendar was first used by Lutherans in the early 19th century. Early printed Advent calendars had Bible verses behind little cardboard doors.
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They disapproved of the observation of sundry of the church-festivals or holidays, as having no foundation in Scripture, or primitive antiquity.
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encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions such as the Christmas tree and the country rehashed the Christmas tree as the
343:. Puritans sought to remove elements they viewed as unbiblical, from their practice of Christianity, including those feasts established by the
269:
During the winter, the burning of logs was a common practice among many cultures across Northern Europe. In Scandinavia, this was known as the
35:, depicting an Orthodox Christian priest being forbidden to take home a tree for the celebration of Christmastide, which was banned under the
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noted what he saw as a distinct split between the religious and commercialized observance of Christmas, the latter of which he deplored. In
347:. In 1647, the Puritan-led English Parliament banned the celebration of Christmas, replacing it with a day of fasting and considering it "a
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1192:, 68% of Norwegians support having school-arranged Christmas services, while 14% are opposed. 17% do not hold any opinion on the issue.
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says in its government declaration that it looks positively upon schools taking part in services in churches before religious holidays.
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for a whole season of events (first from 20 November to 31 December 1997 and then from Halloween to the Chinese New Year in January) by
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The expression "the War on Christmas" has been used in the media to denote Christmas-related controversies. The term was popularized by
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in the late 1990s remains a controversial example of "Christmas controversy". Critics attack the use of the word "Winterval" as being "
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6 a festival season. Up until that time, the only other joyful church season was the fifty days between Easter Sunday and Pentecost.
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In 1925, Christmas was effectively banned under the officially atheist Soviets, and was not to return to Russian lands until 1992.
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Brimelow, O'Reilly and others claimed that any specific mention of the term "Christmas" or its religious aspects was increasingly
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Which title is considered the oldest Christmas song, first sung in 129? Dec. 20, 2017. The New Daily. Retrieved Sept. 10, 2019.
418:; however, it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region. Before the
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57:, is held annually on 25 December. For centuries, it has been the subject of several reformations, both religious and secular.
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encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, such as the Christmas tree, and encouraged them to spit on
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January, a solution that would "coordinate the solar Julian calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east".
164:. With the term of a pregnancy being nine months, Sextus Julius Africanus held that Jesus was born on 25 December, which the
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and Thomas Talley maintain that the Christian feast of Christmas was already being celebrated and that Aurelian established
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4776:"Letter to the Committee on Governmental Organization RE: SB 1577 Redesignation of State Holiday Tree as a Christmas Tree"
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argues that government-funded displays of Christmas imagery and traditions violate the U.S. Constitutionâspecifically the
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also discouraged observance of Christmas. James VI commanded its celebration in 1618, but attendance at church was scant.
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3023:... But the third thing called Christmas is, unfortunately, everyone's business. I mean of course the commercial racket'.
36:
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along with the religious elements. Other recent court cases have brought up additional issues such as the inclusion of
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of the observance of two simultaneous holidays in "Niatirb" ("Britain" spelled backward) from the supposed view of the
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1258:
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reported that about one in six schools had changed the way they mark Christmas traditions as a result of the new law.
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A controversy regarding these issues arose in 2002, when the New York City public school system banned the display of
542:
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Many other Advent and Christmastide customs developed within the context of Christianity, such as the lighting of the
32:
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243:
between Christmas and Epiphany to be one unified festal cycle", thus giving significance both to 25 December and to 6
4410:"CRL Rights Commission Continues with the Consultative Community Hearings on the Possible Review of Public Holidays"
2451:
A candle-related custom called Christingle appeared sometime in the nineteenth century in British Moravian services.
1848:
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closed the campus completely on Christmas Eve, and all the requests for leave were rejected by the school officials.
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The common practice of schoolchildren visiting local churches for Christmas services in December is opposed by the
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212:. While some writers believe this may have influenced the Christian feast of Christmas, other historians such as
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Christmas in the Crosshairs: Two Thousand Years of Denouncing and Defending the World's Most Celebrated Holiday
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120:. This often involves objections to government or corporate efforts to acknowledge Christmas in a way that is
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Christmas was abolished by the Puritans when in power, because it had largely become an orgy of dissipation.
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1709:
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under attack as a symbol of royalty. It survived, however, for a while with a new nameâthe cake of equality.
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156:, a historian of the second century, maintained that Jesus of Nazareth was conceived on 25 March, which the
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Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities
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but allowed the display of what the policy deemed less overtly religious symbols such as Christmas trees,
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the loss of the holidays enjoyed by the laboring classes in England. Christmas observance was outlawed in
146:
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was removed by the organizers after complaints, but restored three days later after the mayor intervened.
116:, specifically in order to allegedly avoid offending minorities that do not celebrate Christmas, such as
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1998 'Christmas in Birmingham' poster, with the Winterval logo in smaller type than the word 'Christmas'
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27:
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Modern celebrations of Christmas include more commercial activity in comparison with those of the past.
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999:'s stance of defence against the supposed "War on Christmas" resonated in popular culture for years.
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4305:"Parents' Anger as Ontario School Replaces Christmas Concert with Non-Denominational February Fest"
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From 1659 to 1681, anyone caught celebrating Christmas in the colony would be fined five shillings.
1931:
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instead; this tradition remains as of the present day. However, most Russian Christians are of the
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208:("The Unconquered Sun"), originally a Syrian deity who was later adopted as the chief deity of the
3908:
645:"War on Christmas" redirects here. For the brief cessation of hostilities during World War I, see
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Burton-Hill, Clemency (2014). When Christmas carols were banned. BBC. Retrieved Sept. 10, 2019.
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During the decades of official state atheism in the Soviet era, Christmas had been a nonholiday.
975:
red has been associated with Christmas since at least the 19th century, and is often present in
5201:
1737:
Perry, Joseph (24 December 2015). "How the Nazis co-opted Christmas: A history of propaganda".
827:
Since at least 2005, religious conservative groups and media in the United States, such as the
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In the year 567 the church council of Tours called the 13 days between December 25 and January
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1996:
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808:
789:
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438:
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316:, Christmas was primarily a religious holiday observed by Christians of the Roman Catholic,
194:
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85:
6688:
92:. Later, in the 20th century, Christmas celebrations were prohibited under the doctrine of
7006:
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regimes, banned Christmas observances in accordance with the MarxistâLeninist doctrine of
900:
832:
716:
691:
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571:
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Most customs traditionally associated with Christmas, such as decorated trees (renamed as
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regimes, banned Christmas observances in accordance with the MarxistâLeninist doctrine of
470:
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454:
335:
The Puritans, on the other hand, objected to the Christian feast of Christmas, during the
297:
289:
69:
65:
5723:
5619:
4692:
3959:
3933:
1330:
5257:"Merry Christmas, Oregon! Happy Holidays, Maine! America divides over holiday greetings"
4439:
3480:
Ostling, Richard (1 December 2005). "Have Yourself a Merry Little Lawsuit This Season".
3224:
2526:
1072:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1027:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Holidays and Holy Nights: Celebrating Twelve Seasonal Festivals of the Christian Year
1779:
1638:
Christmas at the Movies: Images of Christmas in American, British and European Cinema
1262:
1254:
1122:
996:
712:
625:
554:
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believes the current state of observance of Christmas is largely the result of a mid-
462:
415:
313:
301:
281:
236:
117:
93:
40:
4173:
3171:"Subject Guide to Conservative and Libertarian Materials, in Manuscript Collections"
1475:
Moscow Madness: Crime, Corruption, and One Man's Pursuit of Profit in the New Russia
1245:
published a catalog that accidentally referred to Christmas trees as "family trees".
6996:
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1953:
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209:
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6703:
6698:
5181:"A Very Ecumenical Christmas: Why conservatives despise the phrase happy holidays"
4998:
4045:
3993:
1878:"The Brits Have It Right: Forget Happy Holidays, Just Wish People Merry Christmas"
1473:
600:
in an article titled "X=The Unknown Quantity". The claims were picked up later by
4892:
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7011:
6932:
6912:
6907:
6881:
6834:
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6145:
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5852:
5812:
5807:
5728:
5678:
4914:
4843:
4017:"The Gap's 'Happy Whatever-you-Wannukah' Ad Reignites 'War on Christmas' Debate"
3035:
1441:
1436:
1126:
984:
960:
498:
414:. The ban by the Puritans was revoked in 1681 by an English appointed governor,
402:
344:
321:
293:
251:
5078:
3246:
3079:
The League sallied forth to save the day from this putative religious revival.
747:, courthouses, and other government buildings has been heated in recent years.
581:, Christmas celebrations were propagandized so as to serve the ideology of the
6774:
6739:
6588:
6075:
6016:
5982:
5775:
5755:
5708:
5703:
5599:
5564:
5554:
5331:
5100:
4699:
1404:
681:
582:
352:
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105:
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presented as the enemy of man and society, of life and learning, of progress.
2046:
https://thenewdaily.com.au/religion/2017/12/20/12-days-of-christmas-day-nine/
7016:
6804:
6794:
6789:
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6759:
6085:
5718:
5713:
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5644:
5584:
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1808:
1408:
1337:), even though some people dismiss this idea as both asinine and dangerous.
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558:
534:
514:
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169:
64:
had laws forbidding the ecclesiastical celebration of Christmas, unlike the
46:
6839:
6011:
4739:"Brussels' Modern-Art Christmas 'Tree' Triggers Outcry, Tensions, Petition"
4329:
2058:
http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20141219-when-christmas-carols-were-banned
1422:
1242:
1237:
759:
3804:
3758:
2545:
1349:
reject the observance of Christmas for theological reasons; these include
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6975:
6819:
6693:
6593:
6090:
6044:
5785:
5639:
5624:
5559:
5544:
5533:
5046:
4714:"Rabbis Versus Christmas: Religious Rivalry in Jerusalem Benefits No One"
3763:
2790:
2465:
Celebrating Life Customs around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals
1784:
948:
936:
894:
On 11 November 2009, the AFA called for a "limited two-month boycott" of
875:
630:
546:
357:
317:
285:
270:
201:
61:
4272:"Concert Goes Ahead Despite Controversy over Change to Christmas Lyrics"
521:
why they kept Crissmas on the same day as Exmas. He receives the reply:
324:
denominations. Its importance was often considered secondary to that of
137:
6965:
6960:
6865:
6829:
6754:
6723:
5770:
5609:
5549:
5415:
4798:"Governor and First Lady Celebrate 76th Annual Christmas Tree Lighting"
4098:
3536:
3501:
979:
and Christian services, such as the red ribbon that is tied around the
850:
836:
755:
476:
181:
3731:"Boycotts Bloom as Religious Conservatives Wage Battle Over Christmas"
3426:
2693:
Creating the Commonwealth: The Economic Culture of Puritan New England
1927:"If We Can't Say 'Merry Christmas' in Canada, Multiculturalism Failed"
145:(Christ the Sun) in Mausoleum M in the third-century necropolis under
6970:
6927:
6917:
6553:
6431:
5927:
5897:
5683:
5629:
5410:
4885:"Bah Humbug Bill to Rechristen Holiday Tree Fizzles on Way to Senate"
4801:
4800:(Press release). Office of the Governor of California. Archived from
4253:
Belcher, Gene (21 October 2018). "Nightmare on Ocean Avenue Street".
4147:"Donald Trump Suggests a Boycott of Starbucks and Its Plain Red Cups"
1908:
1761:
1757:"Chinese Christians Face Intensifying Persecution Ahead Of Christmas"
888:
743:. The debate over whether religious displays should be placed within
561:(Father Frost), were later reinstated in Soviet society, but tied to
518:
506:
407:
348:
329:
235:
as the season of preparation for Christmas, as well as the season of
232:
101:
4125:"Brouhaha over Starbucks Red Cups More of a Joke than a Controversy"
4094:
5149:"'Christ' in Christmas?: Churches of Christ and the Holiday Season"
1607:"Why Was Christmas Renamed 'Dog Day' During the French Revolution?"
1576:
The Importance of Religion: Meaning and Action in our Strange World
1204:
or Christmas. Eighty thousand Swedes signed a 2012 protest letter (
596:, a conservative organization founded in 1937, attacked the use of
6769:
5455:
4620:"Upprop för skolavslutningar överlÀmnat till utbildningsministern"
1236:
1088:
763:
651:
475:
136:
4824:"Governor Plugs Christmas Back into State Tree-Lighting Ceremony"
4492:"Recommendations: Public Holidays vs Religious/Cultural Holydays"
4384:"Differences Set Aside for Winter Night Light Festival in Dundee"
292:(first used by Lutherans in the 19th century), the lighting of a
6991:
6655:
5373:
3533:"Federal Judge Rules Against Concord High School Nativity Scene"
3498:"VA Bans Christmas Trees as Holiday Decorations in Public Areas"
597:
422:
in 1776, it was not widely celebrated in the American Colonies.
5284:
4068:"'Very Strong' Christmas Ad Prompts AFA to Suspend Gap Boycott"
4044:. American Family Association. 17 November 2009. Archived from
1948:"The war on Christmas past and how the holiday tree came to be"
1442:
Santa Claus § Opposition from some Christian denominations
100:, Christmas celebrations were propagandized so as to serve the
3554:
its Christmas Spectacular, which opens in less than two weeks.
3299:
1052:
1007:
263:
176:(221 AD), this thesis is corroborated by an interpretation of
72:, from the latter of which they separated. With the atheistic
4915:"Anti-Santa campaigns heat up in Turkey as Christmas arrives"
1904:"Is Saying 'Merry Christmas' Politically Correct? Who Cares?"
1283:, the Lobby for Jewish Values, with support of the Jerusalem
1097:
In the United Kingdom, the temporary promotion of the phrase
5280:
4860:. FirstAmendmentCenter.org. 30 November 2006. Archived from
4259:
It's a war on Halloween! Newt Gingrich warned us about this!
2906:
Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
3677:"Nativity Scene Is too Religious for New York City Schools"
224:
in order to compete with the Christian feast of Christmas.
5232:"Gear Up, Kids! It's Time for the Annual War on Christmas"
5061:"Jesus Name Apostolic Holiness ChurchâOneness Pentecostal"
3986:"Boycott Gap, Old Navy and Banana Republic this Christmas"
3934:"Home Depot: Hanukkah, Yes! Holidays, Yes! Christmas, No!"
3519:
public areas this year,' reads an email sent to employees.
2590:. Vol. 35, no. 12. pp. 7â14. Archived from
197:, Jesus was conceived in March and born in late December.
5123:"All About Iglesia ni Cristo: Frequently Asked Questions"
4997:
Dinal Maula, Haris Fatwa; Armando, Ade (6 January 2022).
4042:"Gap Responds: Should the Boycott End or Not? You Decide"
3886:"Call it Christ's Mass and Let Best Buy Keep the Holiday"
3247:"Why Is There a Controversy Surrounding the Word 'Xmas'?"
3145:"Christmas According to Marx and Lenin, by Ronald Reagan"
304:(first enacted by Catholic monks in 11th century Italy).
5060:
3101:
Catholics of the Soviet Empire from Lenin Through Stalin
2816:
Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America's Greatest Holiday
2584:"Lords of Misrule: The Puritan War on Christmas 1642â60"
815:. The school system successfully defended its policy in
766:, have experimented with greeting their customers with "
4672:"Var sjÀtte skola har bytt jultraditioner efter ny lag"
2571:
How the Puritans once banned Christmas in Massachusetts
963:, spurring discussions and commentary: businessman and
913:
In November 2010, the word "Christmas" on two signs at
796:
performances, but none of these cases have reached the
16:
Christmas ideological, political and religious disputes
4858:"Mich. Capitol Conifer Re-Christened 'Christmas Tree'"
3201:
The Hoaxers: Plain Liars, Fancy Liars and Damned Liars
425:
When the state sponsored atheistic belief system, the
4757:"Abstract Christmas Tree Sparks Protests in Brussels"
4693:
Wisconsin Lawmaker Seeks to Ax State's 'Holiday' Tree
4174:"Here's Why People Are Mad About Starbucks' Red Cups"
1780:"China's pre-Christmas Church crackdown raises alarm"
750:
In some cases, popular aspects of Christmas, such as
497:
In the early 20th century, Christian writers such as
5270:"How the 'War on Christmas' Controversy Was Created"
4556:
Sylte, Turid & Omvik, Eirik (12 December 2013).
3376:"Mandatory 'Merry Christmas' Line May Lose Its Lilt"
3296:"Heated Debate Again over 'War on Christmas' Claims"
3039:"Exmas and Christmas: A Lost Chapter from Herodotus"
6984:
6953:
6900:
6874:
6853:
6732:
6677:
6664:
6462:
6357:
6268:
6099:
5821:
5742:
5653:
5530:
5384:
4095:"'Christmas' Returns to Philly's Christmas Village"
2958:
brotherhood, kindness, and generosity at Christmas.
2666:
The American Christmas: A Study in National Culture
273:and originally had a pagan significance; after the
4201:"How Red And Green Became The Colors Of Christmas"
2607:Christmastide: Its History, Festivities and Carols
2375:Catholic Customs & Traditions: A Popular Guide
2350:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1472:
3651:"Lawsuit Attacks Schools' Ban on Nativity Scenes"
2845:. 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 113.
2067:
2065:
1272:". Reaction to such nomenclature has been mixed.
585:, including denial of the Jewish origin of jesus
533:The Soviet Union (until 1936), and certain other
503:Xmas and Christmas: A Lost Chapter from Herodotus
308:Puritan opposition during the English Interregnum
4891:. Madison, WI. Association Press. Archived from
4560:[7 out of 10 will have school worship].
2326:Stories Behind the Great Traditions of Christmas
1389:churches of various persuasions, including some
2843:Stations of the Sun: The Ritual Year in England
2762:"Top 10 Things You Didn't Know About Christmas"
2609:. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 119â120.
523:
441:was forcibly renamed the "equality cake" under
300:in 19th century Britain), and the viewing of a
88:was forcibly renamed the "equality cake" under
1804:"Trimming 'Christmas' from Trees Stirs Debate"
7107:Religious controversies in the United Kingdom
5296:
4674:(in Swedish). Sveriges Radio. 7 December 2012
3094:
3092:
2488:Hoogs, Frank L.; Langton, William M. (1923).
1750:
1748:
1345:Some churches, sects, and communities of the
882:In late October 2008, U.S. hardware retailer
8:
7102:Religious controversies in the United States
5125:. iglesianicristowebsite.com. Archived from
4968:"Hari Mualaf Sedunia Adalah Wujud Kedunguan"
4941:"Turks Protest Against 'Creeping Christmas'"
3431:United States Office of Personnel Management
3054:
3052:
1986:
1984:
1466:
1464:
1462:
288:in 16th century Germany), the marking of an
4412:. info.gov.za. 26 June 2012. Archived from
2865:"Dickens and the Construction of Christmas"
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1797:
1795:
1732:
1730:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1600:
1598:
1569:
1567:
1447:Persecution of Christians in the modern era
1375:Christian Congregation in the United States
6674:
5303:
5289:
5281:
3486:. Vol. 77, no. 96. pp. 1â4.
3225:"Christian Symbols and Their Descriptions"
3147:. lc.org. 22 December 2011. Archived from
2658:
2656:
1774:
1772:
3805:"Wal-Mart Opts for 'Christmas' Marketing"
3759:"Wal-Mart Opts for 'Christmas' Marketing"
3350:"O'Reilly's War on Christmas Goes Retail"
3322:"A Brief History of the War on Christmas"
3249:. tlc.howstuffworks.com. 21 November 2007
2721:Schnepper, Rachel N. (14 December 2012).
2174:. Liturgy Training Publications. p.
1921:
1919:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1710:"What a Real War on Christmas Looks Like"
1534:
1532:
5219:"'Merry Christmas' or 'Happy Holidays'?"
2819:. Harvard University Press. p. 44.
2353:Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs
1265:, devoid of its Christian associations.
1186:According to a 2013 poll by Norstat for
927:In November 2015, the coffee shop chain
703:Heather Long, an American columnist for
172:. Recorded in Sextus Julius Africanus's
20:
5255:Richardson, Rachel (22 December 2016).
4712:Berthelsen, Morten (17 December 2009).
4497:. CRL Rights Commission. Archived from
4438:. CRL Rights Commission. Archived from
3594:"Wal-Mart Wishes You a Merry Christmas"
2756:
2754:
2752:
2531:. William Baynes and Son. p. 193.
2074:The Oxford History of Christian Worship
1458:
1154:, various Portfolio Committees and the
469:revival of the holiday, spearheaded by
250:In Christian belief, the teaching that
5192:Keillor, Garrison (19 December 2007).
4551:
4549:
4530:(Video). 29 April 2013. Archived from
4382:Mitchinson, April (29 November 2009).
3884:Saltzman, Russell (22 December 2011).
3729:Popper, Nathaniel (16 December 2005).
3173:. University of Oregon. Archived from
2933:Forbes, Bruce David (1 October 2008).
2378:. Twenty-Third Publications. pp.
2135:Forbes, Bruce David (1 October 2008).
339:, when England was ruled by a Puritan
25:A 1931 edition of the Soviet magazine
6633:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
5179:Greenberg, David (15 December 2006).
4462:"Hands off Christmas, Protesters Say"
4093:Bloomquist, Sarah (2 December 2010).
3858:"War on Christmas Comes to Minnesota"
3099:Zugger, Christopher Lawrence (2001).
2546:"Why Did Cromwell Abolish Christmas?"
2300:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 15.
781:Supreme Court rulings, starting with
719:by the United States government. The
7:
5230:Peabody, Michael (5 December 2007).
4355:Burkeman, Oliver (7 December 2006).
4303:Pearson, Matthew (1 December 2011).
3909:"The Right's Bogus War on Christmas"
3811:. Associated Press. 15 November 2006
3592:O'Donnell, Jayne (8 November 2006).
3400:Schweitzer, Jeff (3 December 2014).
3061:Religious Policy in the Soviet Union
2107:. Liturgical Press. pp. 88â91.
1978:, Liturgical Press, 2004, pp. 67â69.
1839:"Stores Revert to 'Merry Christmas'"
1249:The Soviet Union, and certain other
840:retailers named denied the charges.
5217:Lipka, Michael (12 December 2013).
5101:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"
4558:"7 av 10 vil ha skolegudstjenester"
4228:Gingrich, Newt (17 December 2015).
4105:from the original on 9 October 2012
4015:Miller, Leslie (23 November 2009).
3675:Richey, Warren (22 February 2007).
3402:"A War on Reason, Not on Christmas"
3374:Grossman, Lynn (18 December 2008).
3203:. Branden Press. pp. 137â138.
2904:Hutton, Ronald (15 February 2001).
2620:Miall, Anthony & Peter (1978).
2439:. Old Salem Museums & Gardens.
1946:Vyhnak, Carola (14 December 2017).
1837:Bishop, Tricia (24 November 2006).
1303:December 2007, California Governor
1241:In 2007, U.S. hardware store chain
951:by evangelist and self-proclaimed "
7082:Christianity-related controversies
4468:. 10 November 2012. Archived from
3992:. 11 November 2009. Archived from
3705:"Commercialize Christmas, or Else"
3649:Wakin, Daniel (11 December 2002).
3348:Linkins, Jason (7 December 2008).
2863:Rowell, Geoffrey (December 1993).
2770:. 24 December 2008. Archived from
2104:The Origins of the Liturgical Year
1708:Luzer, Daniel (26 November 2013).
1669:Goldberg, Carey (7 January 1991).
14:
4883:Bauer, Scott (12 December 2007).
4646:"Ja till skolavslutning i kyrkan"
4590:"Skolegudstjenester og kirkeasyl"
4330:"Winterval Gets Frosty Reception"
3856:Birkey, Andy (19 November 2009).
3320:Altman, Alex (24 December 2008).
3294:Keck, Kristi (18 December 2009).
2786:"When Americans Banned Christmas"
2411:. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 54.
2409:The Twelve Blessings of Christmas
2018:The Christmas Encyclopedia, 3d ed
1755:Enos, Olivia (20 December 2018).
1605:Mason, Julia (21 December 2015).
443:antireligious government policies
7054:
7053:
6509:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
6404:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
5268:Stack, Liam (19 December 2016).
5024:"Jehovah's Witness on Christmas"
4999:"Hari Mualaf Sedunia, Perlukah?"
4966:Armando, Ade (11 January 2022).
3620:"Is There a 'War on Christmas'?"
2582:Durston, Chris (December 1985).
2552:. The Cromwell Association. 2001
1995:. Liturgical Press. p. 76.
1902:Jankowski, Paul (16 June 2015).
1802:Bazar, Emily (1 December 2005).
1652:A chapter on representations of
1421:
1407:
1371:Christian Congregation in Brazil
1057:
1012:
947:November, a video was posted on
915:Philadelphia's Christmas Village
90:anticlerical government policies
4974:(in Indonesian). Archived from
4436:"Fight over Religious Holidays"
3703:Cohen, Adam (7 December 2005).
2663:Barnett, James Harwood (1984).
2437:Moravian Christmas in the South
995:to assert Christmas in public.
991:received 36 sponsors including
275:Christianization of Scandinavia
76:in power during the era of the
6489:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
6418:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
5801:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
5580:Legend of the Christmas Spider
4652:(in Swedish). 27 November 2012
4596:(in Norwegian). Archived from
4566:(in Norwegian). Archived from
3124:... In caricatures, articles,
2939:University of California Press
2669:. Ayer Publishing. p. 3.
2508:"The Puritan Ban on Christmas"
2141:University of California Press
1316:Rejection among certain groups
1169:Norwegian Humanist Association
1107:political correctness gone mad
721:American Civil Liberties Union
677:beginning in the early 2000s.
180:that places the appearance of
1:
6440:Christmas television specials
6339:The New Oxford Book of Carols
5426:Annunciation to the shepherds
4524:"Public Holidays Scrutinised"
4357:"The Phoney War on Christmas"
3682:The Christian Science Monitor
3618:Boston, Rob (December 2007).
3059:Ramet, Sabrina Petra (2005).
2298:Christianity: An Introduction
2272:The School Journal, Volume 49
2072:Wainwright, Geoffrey (2006).
1609:. HistoryBuff. Archived from
1208:) initiated by the newspaper
715:is recognized as an official
410:in 1659, with a fine of five
6494:Christmas and holiday season
4834:. 3 December 2004. p. 5
4745:. Toronto. 26 December 2012.
2974:Nissenbaum, Stephen (1997).
2622:The Victorian Christmas Book
2435:Thomas, Nancy Smith (2007).
2349:Weiser, Franz Xaver (1958).
362:The Vindication of Christmas
5263:. University of Cincinnati.
5047:"The Truth about Christmas"
4774:Kong, Dave (18 June 2002).
3990:American Family Association
2978:. New York: Vintage Books.
2935:Christmas: A Candid History
2813:Marling, Karal Ann (2000).
2647:Domestic Annals of Scotland
2528:The History of the Puritans
2492:. F. L. Hoogs. p. 92.
2463:Williams, Victoria (2016).
2407:Mills, T.J. (10 May 2010).
2210:. Quest Books. p. 91.
2137:Christmas: A Candid History
1640:. I.B.Tauris. p. 186.
1363:Church of God (Seventh-Day)
1259:League of Militant Atheists
1141:(CRL Rights Commission), a
1135:calendar of public holidays
1131:post-apartheid South Africa
829:American Family Association
543:League of Militant Atheists
453:With the appearance of the
429:in power during the era of
420:Declaration of Independence
254:came into the world in the
33:League of Militant Atheists
7125:
5406:Adoration of the Shepherds
5194:"All I need for Christmas"
3065:Cambridge University Press
2328:. Zondervan. p. 191.
2206:Hill, Christopher (2003).
2168:Hynes, Mary Ellen (1993).
2101:Talley, Thomas J. (1991).
2016:Crump, William D. (2013).
1214:to Minister for Education
1148:Department of Home Affairs
1121:The Christian holidays of
817:Skoros v. City of New York
737:Alliance Defending Freedom
644:
622:People's Republic of China
222:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
55:Western Christian churches
49:is the celebration of the
7049:
6650:WWE Tribute to the Troops
6411:A Visit from St. Nicholas
6332:The Oxford Book of Carols
5908:Feast of the Seven Fishes
5471:Massacre of the Innocents
5320:
5077:. tjc.org. Archived from
4778:. sfatheists.blogspot.com
4702:âAssociated Press article
3863:The Minnesota Independent
3105:Syracuse University Press
2999:LeDonne, Anthony (2016).
2698:W.W. Norton & Company
2645:Chambers, Robert (1885).
2467:. ABC-CLIO. p. 245.
2171:Companion to the Calendar
1991:Kelly, Joseph F. (2014).
1578:. John Wiley & Sons.
1511:. John Wiley & Sons.
1257:. In the 1920s USSR, the
1066:This section needs to be
1021:This section needs to be
541:. In the 1920s USSR, the
162:Feast of the Annunciation
160:came to celebrate as the
122:multiculturally sensitive
60:In the 17th century, the
37:MarxistâLeninist doctrine
6452:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
5103:. churchofgod-7thday.org
5075:"Is Christmas Biblical?"
3831:"Best Buy Christmas Ban"
3787:"Merry Christmas Target"
3736:The Jewish Daily Forward
2976:The Battle for Christmas
2605:Sandys, William (1852).
1993:The Origins of Christmas
1976:The Origins of Christmas
1471:Harper, Timothy (1999).
1156:Office of the Presidency
1143:chapter nine institution
968:2016 president-candidate
953:social media personality
735:; on the other hand the
594:Church League of America
166:Western Christian Church
96:in the Soviet Union. In
7097:Religious controversies
7092:Political controversies
6614:Small Business Saturday
6484:Black Friday (shopping)
6479:Black Friday (partying)
5973:Nine Lessons and Carols
5903:Events and celebrations
5154:The Christian Chronicle
3457:Oxford University Press
3427:"2007 Federal Holidays"
3275:. CFP. 25 December 2014
2910:Oxford University Press
2690:Innes, Stephen (1995).
2490:Paradise of the Pacific
2078:Oxford University Press
2022:McFarland & Company
1886:. London. 16 June 2015.
1636:Connelly, Mark (2000).
1544:World Book Encyclopedia
1507:Lowe, Scott C. (2011).
1479:. McGraw-Hill. p.
1341:Restorationist Movement
1292:Brussels Christmas tree
1222:would violate the law.
1146:recommendations to the
1103:Birmingham City Council
376:in 1660 ended the ban.
368:and carol singing. The
229:Council of Tours of 567
154:Sextus Julius Africanus
6258:Post-War United States
4230:"The war on Christmas"
3960:"Home Depot Christmas"
3451:Bowler, Gerry (2016).
1246:
1094:
853:was criticized by the
727:, which prohibits the
662:
531:
487:United States Congress
481:
433:, Christian Christmas
150:
80:, Christian Christmas
43:
6307:Hit singles in the US
6302:Hit singles in the UK
5863:Carols by Candlelight
5791:Santa Claus' daughter
5399:Adoration of the Magi
4388:The Press and Journal
4206:National Public Radio
3269:"éżæČç°ć€§ćŠççæ±æ䞟æ èŻ"æ”ć¶ćŁèŻè""
3227:. Ancient-symbols.com
2525:Neal, Daniel (1822).
2324:Collins, Ace (2010).
1574:Flood, Gavin (2012).
1381:, as well as certain
1305:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1240:
1092:
977:Christmas decorations
933:Christmas-themed cups
686:political correctness
669:commentators such as
655:
479:
378:Poor Robin's Almanack
218:Hieronymus Engberding
188:on the observance of
140:
133:Date of Christmas Day
114:political correctness
51:birth of Jesus Christ
24:
6599:Santa's Candy Castle
5923:Google Santa Tracker
4235:The Washington Times
3567:"An Unmerried Woman"
2774:on 26 December 2008.
2723:"Yuletide's Outlaws"
2514:on 21 November 2006.
2296:(13 February 2006).
1546:. 1996. p. 35.
1395:Oneness Pentecostals
1391:Independent Baptists
1347:Restoration Movement
1335:Hari Muallaf Sedunia
1173:Children's Ombudsman
1152:Department of Labour
1129:remained in secular
922:Northwest University
876:Best Buy Corporation
774:" rather than with "
694:, a commentator for
437:were banned and the
431:Revolutionary France
366:old Father Christmas
204:made a festival for
84:were banned and the
6604:Santa Claus Village
6519:Christmas Mountains
6425:Journey of the Magi
5431:Baptism of the Lord
5223:Pew Research Center
4570:on 12 December 2013
4472:on 13 November 2012
4152:The Washington Post
3630:on 9 September 2015
3500:. Spartanburg, SC:
3483:Buffalo Law Journal
3406:The Huffington Post
3354:The Huffington Post
2624:. Dent. p. 7.
2372:Dues, Greg (1992).
2242:. 3 November 2009.
2236:The Liturgical Year
1932:The Huffington Post
1788:. 18 December 2018.
1739:The Washington Post
1540:Christmas in France
1415:Christianity portal
1351:Jehovah's Witnesses
1220:Confession of Faith
697:The Huffington Post
337:English Interregnum
147:St Peter's Basilica
141:Mosaic of Jesus as
31:, published by the
6714:Twelve-dish supper
6564:Jews and Christmas
6514:Christmas Lectures
6243:American Civil War
5978:NORAD Tracks Santa
5354:Saint Nicholas Day
5274:The New York Times
5242:on 7 December 2007
5204:on 6 December 2008
4947:. 23 December 2015
4921:. 25 December 2013
4828:Lodl News Sentinel
4763:. 1 December 2012.
4743:The Globe and Mail
4600:on 19 October 2013
4442:on 18 October 2014
4284:on 29 January 2013
4074:. 25 November 2009
3996:on 13 January 2013
3837:. 25 November 2009
3793:. 9 December 2005.
3767:. 15 November 2006
3709:The New York Times
3655:The New York Times
3535:. South Bend, IN:
3508:on 3 February 2018
2794:. 20 December 2011
2728:The New York Times
2276:Harvard University
1974:Kelly, Joseph F.,
1613:on 1 November 2016
1379:Churches of Christ
1247:
1177:Union of Education
1095:
863:Target Corporation
835:, have called for
772:Season's Greetings
663:
658:Season's Greetings
624:has a doctrine of
602:Gerald L. K. Smith
588:The December 1957
482:
383:Church of Scotland
360:slogans. The book
356:holly and shouted
151:
82:religious services
44:
7069:
7068:
7045:
7044:
6709:Thirteen desserts
6629:Virginia O'Hanlon
6474:Advent Conspiracy
6388:Films (Christmas,
6380:A Christmas Carol
6325:Carols for Choirs
5868:Cavalcade of Magi
5848:Boar's Head Feast
5517:Star of Bethlehem
5488:Nativity of Jesus
5476:flight into Egypt
5361:St. Stephen's Day
5129:on 10 August 2021
4945:Middleeasteye.net
4919:Trend News Agency
4889:The Capital Times
4336:. 9 November 1998
4257:. 5 minutes in.
3966:. 3 December 2008
3940:. 29 October 2008
3888:. FirstThings.com
3001:Near Christianity
2707:978-0-393-03584-1
2594:on 10 March 2007.
2249:978-1-4185-8073-5
2114:978-0-8146-6075-1
1676:Los Angeles Times
1585:978-1-4051-8971-2
1367:Iglesia ni Cristo
1359:True Jesus Church
1329:(from the French
1181:Solberg's Cabinet
1087:
1086:
1042:
1041:
957:Joshua Feuerstein
874:pointed out that
813:star and crescent
811:, and the Muslim
809:Hanukkah menorahs
784:Lynch v. Donnelly
733:national religion
731:by Congress of a
592:published by the
557:), presents, and
389:17th-18th century
239:, declaring "the
78:French Revolution
7114:
7061:
7057:
7056:
6892:Redcurrant sauce
6681:
6675:
6670:
6644:Winter festivals
6394:Christmas horror
6361:
6272:
6103:
5958:Meals and feasts
5878:Christmas jumper
5825:
5796:Santa's reindeer
5748:
5694:Father Christmas
5658:
5615:Santa's workshop
5536:
5498:in later culture
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5314:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5277:
5264:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5238:. Archived from
5226:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5200:. Archived from
5188:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4895:on 29 March 2015
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4864:on 29 March 2014
4854:
4848:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4832:Associated Press
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4804:on 19 March 2013
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4709:
4703:
4698:25 July 2008 at
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4534:on 22 April 2021
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4496:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4416:on 10 March 2013
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4280:. Archived from
4268:
4262:
4261:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4097:. Philadelphia:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4048:on 17 March 2013
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3938:TheScroogeReport
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3626:. Archived from
3624:Americans United
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3573:. 29 August 2007
3563:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3539:. Archived from
3528:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3504:. Archived from
3494:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3197:Kominsky, Morris
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:on 15 April 2013
3141:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3041:. Archived from
3032:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3018:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2884:
2882:
2860:
2854:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2758:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2510:. Archived from
2503:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1988:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1851:on 12 March 2007
1847:. Archived from
1834:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1714:Pacific Standard
1705:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1478:
1468:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1302:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1016:
1015:
1008:
987:. Also in 2015,
970:(later elected)
946:
790:Christmas carols
741:accommodationism
528:
505:, Lewis gives a
439:three kings cake
395:Colonial America
246:
202:Emperor Aurelian
195:John the Baptist
158:Christian Church
86:three kings cake
7124:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7059:
7041:
7007:Pickled herring
6980:
6949:
6896:
6887:Cranberry sauce
6870:
6849:
6825:Red velvet cake
6810:Poppy seed roll
6728:
6679:
6668:
6666:
6660:
6639:White Christmas
6529:Christmas truce
6524:Christmas seals
6504:Christmas creep
6466:
6464:
6458:
6359:
6353:
6270:
6264:
6101:
6095:
5948:Lord of Misrule
5883:Christmas Peace
5833:Advent calendar
5823:
5817:
5766:Knecht Ruprecht
5746:
5744:
5738:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5538:
5534:
5526:
5451:Herod the Great
5386:
5380:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5267:
5254:
5245:
5243:
5229:
5216:
5207:
5205:
5191:
5178:
5175:
5173:Further reading
5170:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5082:
5081:on 22 July 2013
5073:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5058:
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4908:
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4779:
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4772:
4768:
4755:
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4706:
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4675:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4624:Kyrkans Tidning
4618:
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4613:
4603:
4601:
4588:
4587:
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4573:
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4555:
4554:
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4459:
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4408:
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4403:
4393:
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4313:
4311:
4302:
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4297:
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4285:
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4247:
4227:
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4222:
4212:
4210:
4199:
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4182:
4172:
4171:
4167:
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4123:
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4118:
4108:
4106:
4092:
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4023:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3907:Monroe, Irene.
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3546:
3544:
3543:on 7 March 2017
3530:
3529:
3525:
3511:
3509:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3459:. p. 214.
3450:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:on 23 June 2012
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3130:Antireligioznik
3121:
3115:
3107:. p. 210.
3098:
3097:
3090:
3081:Antireligioznik
3075:
3067:. p. 138.
3058:
3057:
3050:
3045:on 25 May 2006.
3034:
3033:
3029:
3020:
3016:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2959:
2949:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2912:. p. 113.
2903:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2760:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2700:. p. 145.
2689:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2550:Oliver Cromwell
2544:
2543:
2539:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2506:Patiño, Marta.
2505:
2504:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2390:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2294:Alister McGrath
2292:
2291:
2287:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2186:
2167:
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2162:
2151:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1935:. 16 June 2015.
1925:
1924:
1917:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1876:
1875:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1844:Chicago Tribune
1836:
1835:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1778:
1777:
1770:
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1746:
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1596:
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1572:
1565:
1554:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1455:
1429:Holidays portal
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1343:
1323:
1318:
1300:
1235:
1206:Adventsuppropet
1198:
1165:
1119:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1017:
1013:
1006:
944:
910:
855:Catholic League
846:
833:Liberty Counsel
825:
805:Nativity scenes
776:Merry Christmas
752:Christmas trees
725:First Amendment
717:federal holiday
692:Jeff Schweitzer
650:
647:Christmas truce
643:
618:
572:Julian calendar
526:
495:
471:Charles Dickens
459:Anglican Church
455:Oxford Movement
451:
435:church services
391:
374:King Charles II
345:Anglican Church
310:
290:Advent calendar
244:
168:established as
135:
130:
70:Anglican Church
66:Catholic Church
17:
12:
11:
5:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7074:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6938:Smoking Bishop
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6672:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6626:
6621:
6619:Super Saturday
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6549:Giving Tuesday
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6499:Christmas club
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6397:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6365:
6363:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6346:Piae Cantiones
6342:
6335:
6328:
6318:
6312:Music charts (
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6276:
6274:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
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6230:
6225:
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6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
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6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6041:
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6031:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5781:PĂšre Fouettard
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5747:Saint Nicholas
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5699:Grandpa Indian
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5667:Saint Nicholas
5663:
5661:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5605:Old Man Winter
5602:
5597:
5592:
5590:Miner's figure
5587:
5582:
5577:
5575:Kallikantzaros
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5505:Nativity scene
5502:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5340:Children's Day
5336:
5329:
5326:Blue Christmas
5321:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5265:
5252:
5227:
5214:
5189:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5140:
5114:
5092:
5066:
5052:
5045:Wilson, Greg.
5037:
5015:
4989:
4958:
4932:
4906:
4875:
4849:
4815:
4789:
4766:
4748:
4730:
4704:
4685:
4663:
4650:Folkpartiet.se
4637:
4611:
4581:
4545:
4515:
4504:on 13 May 2013
4483:
4453:
4427:
4401:
4374:
4347:
4321:
4295:
4263:
4245:
4220:
4192:
4165:
4138:
4116:
4085:
4072:Christian Post
4059:
4033:
4007:
3977:
3951:
3925:
3913:LA Progressive
3899:
3876:
3848:
3822:
3796:
3778:
3750:
3721:
3695:
3667:
3641:
3610:
3584:
3558:
3531:Porter, Joel.
3523:
3489:
3472:
3465:
3443:
3418:
3392:
3366:
3340:
3312:
3286:
3260:
3238:
3216:
3209:
3188:
3162:
3136:
3113:
3088:
3073:
3048:
3027:
3009:
2991:
2984:
2966:
2947:
2941:. p. 62.
2925:
2918:
2896:
2855:
2832:
2825:
2805:
2777:
2748:
2713:
2706:
2682:
2675:
2652:
2649:. p. 211.
2637:
2630:
2612:
2597:
2574:
2563:
2537:
2517:
2498:
2480:
2473:
2455:
2445:
2427:
2417:
2399:
2388:
2364:
2341:
2334:
2316:
2306:
2285:
2263:
2248:
2227:
2216:
2198:
2184:
2160:
2149:
2143:. p. 27.
2127:
2113:
2093:
2086:
2080:. p. 65.
2061:
2049:
2037:
2030:
2024:. p. 95.
2008:
2001:
1980:
1967:
1938:
1915:
1889:
1862:
1822:
1791:
1768:
1744:
1726:
1693:
1661:
1646:
1628:
1594:
1584:
1563:
1552:
1528:
1518:978-1444341454
1517:
1499:
1489:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1418:
1402:
1399:
1387:fundamentalist
1342:
1339:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1281:West Jerusalem
1270:Christmas tree
1234:
1233:Christmas tree
1231:
1227:Sveriges Radio
1197:
1194:
1164:
1161:
1118:
1115:
1085:
1084:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1049:United Kingdom
1047:
1040:
1039:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
989:Resolution 564
925:
918:
909:
906:
905:
904:
892:
884:The Home Depot
880:
866:
859:
845:
842:
824:
821:
768:Happy Holidays
745:public schools
671:Peter Brimelow
642:
639:
635:Hunan Province
617:
614:
590:News and Views
563:New Year's Day
555:New Year Trees
494:
491:
450:
447:
427:Cult of Reason
390:
387:
309:
306:
227:The Christian
214:Louis Duchesne
178:Gospel of Luke
174:Chronographiai
134:
131:
129:
126:
74:Cult of Reason
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7120:
7119:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
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7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
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7003:
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6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:Meat and fish
6983:
6977:
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6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6952:
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6926:
6924:
6923:Hot chocolate
6921:
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6888:
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6652:
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6640:
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6624:Ugly sweaters
6622:
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6607:
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6534:Controversies
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6398:
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6389:
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6369:In literature
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6238:United States
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5968:Moravian star
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5853:Candle arches
5851:
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5843:Advent wreath
5841:
5839:
5838:Advent candle
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5657:Gift-bringers
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5522:Twelfth Night
5520:
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5508:
5507:
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5483:Nativity Fast
5481:
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5441:Christmastide
5439:
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5416:Angel Gabriel
5414:
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5409:
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5394:Biblical Magi
5392:
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5389:
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5372:
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5347:Christmas Eve
5344:
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4978:on 4 May 2022
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4309:National Post
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4277:National Post
4273:
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4255:Bob's Burgers
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3006:
3003:. Zondervan.
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2981:
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2950:
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2870:History Today
2866:
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2848:
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2840:Ronald Hutton
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2588:History Today
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1255:state atheism
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489:until 1870.
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226:
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6765:Gingerbread
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6188:New Zealand
6071:Twelve Days
6028:RĂ€uchermann
5983:Nutcrackers
5933:Las Posadas
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5873:Christingle
5813:Zwarte Piet
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5729:Sinterklaas
5679:Santa Claus
5261:UC Magazine
5208:22 November
4951:26 December
4925:14 November
4899:29 December
4868:29 December
4844:Google News
4838:26 December
4808:25 December
4782:25 December
4723:25 December
4678:12 December
4656:12 December
4630:12 December
4604:12 December
4574:12 December
4476:10 November
4394:29 November
4367:25 December
4340:23 December
4314:25 December
4213:4 September
4185:12 November
4158:12 November
4131:12 November
4109:31 December
4052:31 December
4000:31 December
3944:30 December
3918:30 December
3892:30 December
3869:30 December
3841:30 December
3743:14 November
3714:14 November
3660:25 December
3634:25 December
3603:25 December
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3547:14 December
3512:14 December
3436:25 December
3411:12 December
3385:21 December
3359:21 December
3305:25 December
3279:19 November
3253:25 December
3155:31 December
2881:28 December
2798:18 December
2734:15 December
2556:28 December
2120:27 December
1682:14 December
1437:Culture war
1279:In 2009 in
1175:and by the
1127:Good Friday
961:viral video
931:introduced
499:C. S. Lewis
403:New England
370:Restoration
294:Christingle
256:form of man
241:twelve days
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6740:Candy cane
6689:JoulupöytÀ
6589:Pikkujoulu
6253:New Mexico
6102:By country
6076:Wassailing
6017:Poinsettia
5824:Traditions
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5709:Julemanden
5704:Joulupukki
5635:Wenceslaus
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5565:Jack Frost
5555:Christkind
5510:Neapolitan
5333:Boxing Day
5246:7 December
5160:22 January
4700:Archive-It
4446:2 November
4420:2 November
4390:. Aberdeen
4127:. CBC News
4078:2 December
4026:6 December
3970:8 December
3964:Snopes.com
3835:Snopes.com
3815:28 January
3791:Snopes.com
3771:5 December
3739:. New York
3688:8 December
3571:Snopes.com
3231:8 December
3126:Bezbozhnik
1855:5 December
1617:31 October
1453:References
1377:, and the
965:Republican
831:(AFA) and
583:Nazi party
547:crucifixes
513:historian
353:wassailing
341:Parliament
190:Yom Kippur
106:Nazi party
28:Bezbozhnik
7087:Christmas
7027:TourtiĂšre
7017:Romeritos
6954:Dumplings
6901:Beverages
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6790:Pampushka
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6579:NBA games
6574:In August
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3380:USA Today
3333:2 October
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1285:Rabbinate
1251:Communist
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1189:VĂ„rt Land
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637:, China.
559:Ded Moroz
535:Communist
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412:shillings
298:Moravians
286:Lutherans
186:Zechariah
170:Christmas
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7060:Category
7031:meat pie
7022:Stuffing
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6694:Julebord
6667:Food and
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6559:El Gordo
6446:Yule Log
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6131:Ethiopia
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5888:Crackers
5786:Sack Man
5672:folklore
5640:Yule cat
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5535:folklore
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5236:Spectrum
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4972:Cokro TV
4761:BBC News
4696:Archived
4538:30 April
4508:23 April
4363:. London
4334:BBC News
4103:Archived
3809:NBC News
3764:NBC News
3199:(1970).
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2359:Harcourt
2278:. 1894.
1785:BBC News
1401:See also
1383:reformed
949:Facebook
937:reindeer
901:solstice
837:boycotts
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682:censored
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567:Orthodox
399:Pilgrims
358:royalist
326:Epiphany
322:Lutheran
318:Anglican
271:yule log
262:for the
102:ideology
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6830:Stollen
6800:Pavlova
6775:MakĂłwki
6755:Cozonac
6724:Wigilia
6609:Scrooge
6569:In July
6467:society
6399:Poetry
6233:Ukraine
6208:Romania
6173:Ireland
6163:Iceland
6158:Hungary
6146:Germany
6136:Finland
6126:England
6121:Denmark
6081:Windows
6012:Piñatas
6000:Parades
5953:Markets
5938:Letters
5928:Hampers
5771:Krampus
5610:Perchta
5550:Caganer
4718:Haaretz
4288:28 July
4179:Fortune
4099:WPVI-TV
3537:WNDU-TV
3502:WSPA-TV
3273:NetEase
3181:4 April
1960:9 March
1524:period.
1068:updated
1023:updated
981:oranges
851:Walmart
756:Walmart
457:in the
182:Gabriel
149:in Rome
128:History
104:of the
68:or the
7037:Turkey
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6465:modern
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6280:Carols
6248:Hawaii
6228:Sweden
6223:Serbia
6213:Russia
6203:Poland
6193:Norway
6183:Mexico
6141:France
6056:Stamps
6051:Szopka
5943:Lights
5898:Didukh
5734:Others
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5630:Vertep
5493:in art
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507:satire
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320:, and
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6770:Kutia
6669:drink
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1202:Lucia
908:2010s
844:2000s
764:Sears
616:China
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6854:Soup
6745:Cake
6656:Xmas
6285:list
6066:Tree
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5466:Mary
5375:Yule
5248:2007
5210:2008
5162:2017
5135:2013
5109:2013
5087:2013
5032:2013
5010:2022
4984:2022
4953:2015
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4901:2012
4870:2012
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4658:2013
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4576:2013
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