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827:
42:
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185:
27:
229:
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1026:
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948:, the family gets together around the table on Christmas Eve to eat boiled dried-salted cod accompanied with boiled cabbage or greens varying with what they have in the garden leftover, boiled potatoes, boiled onions, boiled eggs, and chickpeas. Sometimes a simple dressing is made with onions, garlic, or parsley. This meal is accompanied by generous amounts of
172:—celebrate Christmas and share sweets and gifts and participate in carols and town celebrations. Plum cake is a famous dessert in Kerala and family come together and cut the cake after the midnight mass, the cutting of plum cakes after Christmas mass is treated as a tradition in Kerala. Occasionally, wines commonly made from grapes as well as pineapples,
658:
1594:. Accompanying these are bowls of colorful rice and platters filled with ham and fresh salad (sometimes cold potato salad is also served). Also, some parts of Brazil feature roast pork or chicken. Red wine, white wine, and apple cider are common alcoholic beverages. Other Christmas items include a variety of desserts such as
1352:
is similar to the traditional
British Christmas pudding; however, it serves more as a national joke, often lampooned as an unwanted Christmas gift. The comic Johnny Carson once quipped, "The worst Christmas gift is fruitcake… There is only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it
215:
Lebanese
Christians celebrate Christmas dinners. The feast, usually on the night of the 24th and lunch on the 25th, is a big one. The family gets together at both meals, and some have the leftovers from the dinner prior to the lunch the next day. The traditional offering for Christmas is sugar-coated
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once made national news when he presented his countryman with the fact that he still had a fruitcake his great-grandmother baked in 1878, and thus was over 130 years old. As of 2018, the same fruitcake is believed to be still at large in the care of one of his grandchildren, proving Mr. Carson had a
967:
In
Spanish, Christmas Eve is called "Nochebuena," literally translated as "Good Night." In Spain, it is celebrated with a large family feast, which is eaten late in the evening and can last a couple of hours; some families attend midnight mass before or after the meal. In Spain, Christmas Eve is a
155:
is popular. The largest
Christian community in India, Keralites, celebrate Christmas with midnight mass, Christmas carols and food. The Christmas celebration begins on Christmas Eve. Churches are decorated, Christmas trees and bigger Christmas stars from youth groups are the biggest attractions in
302:
or pressed cocoa powder tablets that are either pure or slightly sweetened. Most of the foods served on Noche Buena are fresh and usually prepared the day of
Christmas Eve. Middle-class and affluent families tend to prepare sumptuous feasts. Less well-off families would opt for a more economical
681:(7%). The figures total more than 100% because it was found that some families prepare more than one kind of meat for Christmas dinner. The meat is served with boiled potatoes (some of which are caramelized, some roasted), red cabbage, and gravy. The main course is followed by a dessert of
1365:
Alcohol and cocktails (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) of all kinds are staples for both
Christmas parties and family gatherings, where harder drinking is done amongst adults and youngsters usually get served soft drinks or a non-alcoholic version of what their parents drink, drinks like the
1317:, and from the Caribbean. Therefore, the substrate of the meal usually is British in origin: roasted root vegetables as a side dish, mashed potatoes, gravy, and the centerpiece being a stuffed roasted fowl (pheasant, goose, duck, or turkey) or an expensive cut of roasted beef or
569:, are highly encouraged to return home for the occasion, as it is the most important Filipino Christian holiday of the year. Most families prefer to exchange Christmas presents right after dinner, contrary to the Western custom of opening presents on Christmas morning.
1329:
get served. This is an older
British tradition that would predate the Victorian tradition of Dickens and his turkey and go back into medieval England, brought by poorer classes who could not afford the turkey that was fashionable among wealthier men in the
1159:
In 2021 it was estimated that nine million turkeys were consumed at
Christmas in the United Kingdom. This represented a halving of consumed turkeys since 1996, as younger adults opt for alternatives. Pork, beef, chicken, goose, and duck are also popular.
1357:, holds an annual event in which unwanted fruitcakes are tossed in a contest to see who can throw the "gift" the farthest, with the locals building trebuchets and contraptions that are forbidden to have an electric motor. An elderly gentleman from
1073:) with a whole almond hidden inside. The finder of the almond is expected to get married before next Christmas. In some homes, the courses above are served like a buffet where all family members can pick and take the food in no dish order.
643:
prepared from carp leftovers (head or bones), a traditional Czech mushroom dish Kuba or Černá omáčka ("Black sauce") made from dried fruits, nuts, wine and gingerbread. Many households also prepare a great variety of unique
Christmas
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This focus on the family is common to all
Filipino socio-economic classes and ethnic groups that observe Christmas. Most – if not all – members from the branches or extended families in a clan are expected to partake of the
1589:
In Brazil, the Christmas meal is quite a feast, (served in the evening on 24 December) offering large quantities of food, such as a wide variety of dishes which include roast turkey, fresh vegetables, luscious fruits and
1515:
Christmas dinner, although eaten at lunch time, in Australia is based on the traditional English versions. However, due to Christmas falling in the heat of the Southern Hemisphere's summer, meats such as ham, turkey and
88:
968:
time for celebrating in neighbourhood bars and cafes and around the table with family and friends. It is a time for gift exchanges or Santa Claus. However, it is mainly performed on Epiphany, which occurs on 6 January.
220:) and pastries such as honey cake are common. Beirut celebrates Christmas by conducting glamorous and big Christmas parties. Western-style poinsettias, community Christmas trees, and Christmas lights are very popular.
1252:
In English-speaking Canada, Christmas dinner is similar to that of Britain. Traditional Christmas dinner features turkey with stuffing, mashed potatoes, gravy, cranberry sauce, and vegetables. Other types of poultry,
1284:
Christmas traditions in the United States have eclectic origins, with predominant ones from the United Kingdom in most states. However, many others traditions are also celebrated, due to many years of influence from
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is the celebration of the end of the pre-Christmas fast. Christmas is usually celebrated only by Christians. Christmas Eve is historically the day that the tree is decorated and lit with real candles, so that the
1163:
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are also popular. By the 21st century, some British citizens were changing their Christmas dinner traditions with a growing number selecting vegetarian and vegan versions of traditional UK Christmas meals.
1191:
noted that by 1573 turkeys were commonly served at English Christmas dinners. The tradition of turkey at Christmas rapidly spread throughout England in the 17th century, and it also became common to serve
685:, rice pudding served with cherry sauce or strawberry sauce, often with a whole almond hidden inside. The lucky finder of the almond is entitled to an extra present, the almond gift. Christmas drinks are
648:
to offer to visitors. These are prepared many days before the feast and take a long time to decorate. It is also common to hang for children wrapped chocolate sweets on the Christmas tree as decoration.
786:. In some regions, the Christmas dinner is traditionally served on Christmas Day rather than Christmas Eve. In this case, dinner on Christmas Eve is a simpler affair, consisting of sausages (such as
936:, or others, depending on the regional cuisine. Christmas on 25 December is celebrated with a family lunch, also consisting of different types of pasta and meat dishes, cheese and local sweets.
1200:. (it was quite common for Goose "Clubs" to be set up, allowing working-class families to save up over the year towards a goose before this). A famous English Christmas dinner scene appears in
848:'big dinner'). The culinary tradition is polarized between Northern and Southern Italy. According to tradition, the Christmas Eve dinner must not contain meat. A popular Christmas Day dish in
2147:
4246:
4241:
2819:
164:, and Mappas are the common dishes served for Christmas dinner. Keralites people go from home to home to celebrate and dance during carol time. All Keralites—including
1321:. In the South, an area that has a very high concentration of people of UK extraction from centuries past, Christmas is the time of year in which many variations on a
2927:
4197:
1436:, ham pie, and fluffy biscuits, a nod to its English 17th-century founders. The Upper Midwest includes dishes from predominantly Scandinavian backgrounds such as
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following Hispanic custom, and is held towards midnight of 24 December. This usually comes after the entire family has attended the late evening Mass called the
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West of the Mississippi, Mexicans have had a great influence over the way the meal is prepared, including roasting corn in its husk and serving biscochitos.
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chilled in a bed of Lady Fingers (called just Charlotte) is a traditional dessert, along with pumpkin and pecan pies. In some rural areas, game meats like
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may grace the table, often prepared with old recipes: similar foodstuffs likely graced the tables of early American settlers on their first Christmases.
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2999:
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746:), and with the ham there are also different casseroles usually with potatoes, rutabaga (swedes), or carrots. The traditional Christmas beverage is
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1269:, which are traditionally baked before the holidays and served to visiting friends at Christmas and New Year parties, as well as on Christmas Day.
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In countries without a lengthy Christian tradition, the Christmas meal may be more heavily influenced by popular culture. An example of this is
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722:. It contains many different dishes, most of them typical for the season. The main dish is usually a large Christmas ham, which is eaten with
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2131:
1923:
1261:, a milk-based punch often infused with alcohol, is also popular around the holiday season. Other Christmas items include Christmas cookies,
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and Weihnachtssterne) are eaten, as are many other chocolate delicacies including edible Christmas ornaments. Christmas dinner is usually
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around Christmas a national custom. Its chicken meals are so popular during the season that stores take reservations months in advance.
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cheese covered in red wax. Other ubiquitous dishes are pasta and, for dessert, fruit salad. The dinner would usually be accompanied by
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1524:, accompanied by side salads or roast vegetables. Barbecues are also a popular way of avoiding the heat of the oven. Seafood such as
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may visit. Christmas Day is a national holiday in Austria and most Austrians spend the day feasting with their family. Fried carp,
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to the evening of Christmas Day itself. The meals are often particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian
826:
716:(translated "Christmas table") is the name of the traditional food board served at Christmas in Finland, similar to the Swedish
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689:(mulled wine) and traditional Christmas beers, specially brewed for the season and which usually have a high alcohol content.
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are common, as are barbecued cuts of steak or chicken breasts, drumsticks and wings. In summer, Australians are also fond of
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1257:, or ham, are also used. Pumpkin or apple pie, raisin pudding, Christmas pudding, or fruitcake are staples for dessert.
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774:, duck, or venison may also be served. Typical side dishes include roast potatoes and various forms of cabbage such as
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In Denmark, the traditional Christmas meal served on 24 December consists, according to one representative study, of
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to each other, year after year.". Many foreigners are skeptical of this fact, but indeed there is some truth to it:
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76:. In many cases, there is a ritual element to the meal related to the religious celebration, such as the saying of
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often consists of five or more courses. The first three courses are a variety of fish, usually different types of
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1642:(due to the scarcity and expense of almonds in Peru) and assorted bowls with raisins and peanuts. At midnight, a
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1175:, throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, goose or capon was commonly served, and the rich sometimes dined upon
307:; the organising of even a simple gathering despite financial difficulties reflects the paramount importance in
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959:. A lot of reasons also have octopus (sometimes also pork in some regions) is served for lunch on the 25th.
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have pork dishes and beef dishes as part of their main course of their Christmas dinner. These include pork
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cake, made locally, is widely available. A successful advertising campaign in the 1970s made eating at
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which are eaten during Christmas dinner on the evening of 24 December. It is often accompanied by a
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on Christmas because these are often the only establishments open on the holiday in many cities.
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1334:. Cookies of many kinds have been present in America for hundreds of years and often are either
1313:, etc.) as well as more recent influences from people of Latin American origin in states such as
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199:, a white sponge cake covered with cream and decorated with strawberries, is often consumed, and
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and other domestic sparkling white wines, and for individual cocktails the alcoholic version of
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91:, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and
880:. The Christmas Day dinner traditionally consists by typical Italian Christmas dishes, such as
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There are variations across the country and, traditionally, turkey and the famous portuguese
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2493:"I ate 100 different 'pigs in blankets' at a sausage party and it was painfully delicious"
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445:). Almost all of these dishes are eaten with white rice. Desserts and side dishes include
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1993:"17 Traditional Filipino Christmas Foods That Every Filipino Should've Had At Least Once"
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almonds. Roast turkey is the most common choice of meal. Roasted duck, Lebanese salad (
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celebration, and form a significant part of gatherings held to celebrate the arrival of
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1654:. Then, the family members take their seats in the dining room while singing Christmas
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is also a favourite in Australia at Christmas time. Fresh fruits of the season include
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806:), several types of bread, and various fruitcakes and fruited loaves of bread such as
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appeared on Christmas tables in England in the 16th century. The 16th-century farmer
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1065:. Finally, a cheese plate and dessert plate are served. The most popular dessert is
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is made, and good wishes and hugs are exchanged. A designated person runs to put
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Common traditional dishes served for the main course in the noche buena include:
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2974:"Mexican-style grilled corn recipe: A union of sweet, smoky and salty goodness"
2676:"Need Plant-Based Options at Christmas Dinner? These Dishes Are Entirely Vegan"
1626:
and cooked sweetened apple puree are often served as well. The main dessert is
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1276:.) Other ethnic communities may continue to use old-world traditions as well.
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a large turkey. The pudding course of a British Christmas dinner may often be
1145:
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561:
490:
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In French-speaking Canada, traditions may be more like those of France. (See
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of many varying vintages meant to complement the meal prepared by the host,
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2775:"Is turkey still king? How Canadian holiday food traditions are changing"
2220:
1737:
General Biblical Studies, Interdenominational Christian Training Center.
1635:
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2849:"Fruitcake: The most maligned holiday treat in the history of the world"
770:, the primary Christmas dishes are roast goose and roast carp, although
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4663:
3710:
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2875:"How Did the Fruitcake Become a National Joke, and Can It Be Redeemed?"
2726:"London's top vegan Christmas dinners, from Mallow to Refuel Your Soul"
1967:"A Filipino Christmas Feast: 11 Nostalgic Food to Serve on Noche Buena"
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baked throughout December and fashioned into many shapes and figures.
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were followed by a course of lamb and bacon stew. The last course was
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with chicken or mutton, chicken and mutton curry, followed by cake or
19:
This article is about meal. For the song by Peter, Paul and Mary, see
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2304:"La triade golosa del Natale italiano: cappone, abbacchio e capitone"
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The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with
50:
2949:"Classic American Christmas Food Ideas for the Holidays – Instacart"
2928:"Caring for 137-year-old fruitcake becomes a stale family tradition"
2372:"What is Nochebuena? All About The Hispanic Christmas Eve Tradition"
1576:
is widely available in shops, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne.
1053:
being the most important. Smoked sausages, brawn, apple sauce, and
798:. Sweets and Christmas pastries are all but obligatory and include
4709:
3395:
2573:
More than a meal: the turkey in history, myth, ritual, and reality
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1298:
1290:
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are also common. The fifth course consists of warm dishes such as
1024:
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40:
25:
2096:"The Filipino Christmas Countdown: 12 Dishes for the Noche Buena"
975:, poultry was served for Christmas dinner, and other dishes with
726:
or bread along with the other dishes. Fish is also served (often
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4595:
3313:
2899:"The Great Fruitcake Toss - Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce"
1449:
1422:, a cocktail composed of large amounts of coconut milk and rum.
1180:
775:
632:
275:
161:
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1843:"India's president praises contribution of Christian community"
87:
and local traditions. In many parts of the world, particularly
1944:
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1403:
608:
204:
111:
3038:"'Tis the Season: Why Do Jews Eat Chinese Food on Christmas?"
2700:"Vegan chef shares two tips for plant-based Christmas dinner"
2279:"I piatti della tradizione natalizia italiana, da Nord a Sud"
758:
in Finnish), which may be either alcoholic or non-alcoholic.
45:
Many traditions enjoy dessert after the main course. Here, a
3220:
2636:
A Christmas carol in prose, being a ghost story of Christmas
2045:"Here's What Christmas Dinner Looks Like In The Philippines"
1941:"The Philippines shows the world how to celebrate Christmas"
631:
A traditional Christmas meal in the Czech Republic is fried
1029:
The Swedish Julbord sometimes features decorated pig heads.
2070:"12 Uniquely Filipino Christmas Dishes during Noche Buena"
3059:"Movies and Chinese Food: The Jewish Christmas Tradition"
1889:"All Japan wants for Christmas is Kentucky Fried Chicken"
1041:
and salmon, smoked salmon, eaten with boiled potatoes or
311:
culture of familial (and, by extension, communal) unity.
2254:"MenĂą della Vigilia di Natale: 50 ricette per il Cenone"
1398:
from Italy, hard cider from New England and California,
64:. This meal can take place any time from the evening of
3147:"Christmas Around The Globe: Traditional Holiday Meals"
2518:"Cold Turkey:is a Christmas tradition coming to an end"
1378:
and the cocktails that can be made from it, wines from
2216:
Glögi – tiesitkö nämä 8 asiaa joulun suosikkijuomasta?
5011:
2357:"Podemos ser pobres, mas peru no Natal nĂŁo nos falta"
2332:. Sicilian Culture. December 25, 2002. Archived from
37:, is commonly consumed in English speaking countries.
2820:"The History of The Classic Christmas Ham Tradition"
2467:"Everything you want to know about pigs in blankets"
188:
Japanese-style Christmas cakes in a display case at
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4840:
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4793:
4672:
4617:
4604:
4402:
4297:
4208:
4039:
3761:
3682:
3593:
3470:
3324:
1760:
1758:
1618:), the extended family join for a dinner of roast
1370:. A typical menu would include any combination of
555:, wine, beer, alcoholic drinks, and fruit juices.
3018:"Why American Jews Eat Chinese Food on Christmas"
2018:"10 Classic Filipino Noche Buena Food and Dishes"
139:. Long established Christian communities such as
127:Indian people cook a variety of foods, including
3117:"Disney Family - Recipes, Crafts and Activities"
2649:Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history
1739:"13 Traditional Dinner Prayers for Saying Grace"
1713:"Christmastide: The Celebration Has Just Begun!"
1452:is often served instead of potatoes, and on the
264:("Mass of the Rooster"). The centerpiece of the
1864:"Holiday Binge Drinking: Statistics & Data"
1766:"Traditional Japanese Christmas Food and Drink"
1196:which remained the predominant roast until the
727:
2586:Britain: be fluent in British life and culture
1630:. It is usually accompanied by a cup of thick
1568:, plums, nectarine and peaches. Introduced by
669:(66% of households surveyed), roast pork with
3236:
2173:"3,6 millioner danskere spiser and juleaften"
1500:Jewish Americans to eat American Chinese food
857:
751:
735:
717:
711:
8:
2750:"We tried a vegan pizzeria's Christmas menu"
2651:pp.149-150. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
2545:Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1990
1689:"What Time Should I Serve Christmas Dinner?"
1460:and other seafood are usual appetizers, and
1049:. The fourth is cold cuts of meat, with the
290:or hot cocoa, made with pure, locally grown
1965:Koppe, Jaclyn Clemente (23 December 2023).
1556:atop a baked meringue, with whipped cream.
845:
840:, the Christmas Eve meal is usually called
4614:
3243:
3229:
3221:
2413:Tidholm, Po; Lilja, Agneta (29 May 2013).
1792:"Kheer: A delicious Diwali dessert recipe"
2370:Adams Sheets, Connor (19 December 2014).
2330:"Food: Italian Christmas Eve Fish Dinner"
1634:. Less common desserts include a special
114:takeaway meal is traditionally consumed.
1790:Patel Glanz, Mohini (13 November 2012).
1428:Further regional meals offer diversity.
864:. A traditional Christmas Day dish from
656:
5018:
2148:"Fried Carp, Symbol of Czech Christmas"
1679:
2567:
2565:
1544:, a dessert composed of fruit such as
565:. Relatives living abroad, especially
4573:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2442:"The great Christmas taste test 2017"
1622:and white rice seasoned with garlic.
1222:, which dates from medieval England.
16:Meal traditionally eaten at Christmas
7:
2601:. p.38 University of Illinois Press,
1498:It is a common tradition among many
1495:are favored desserts in such cases.
1092:usually consists of roasted turkey,
3177:"Cena de Navidad al estilo peruano"
2043:Mohamed, Sarah (19 November 2023).
2997:Holiday Traditions — United States
2674:Michel, Christopher (2021-09-29).
2662:Christmas customs & traditions
2378:. The International Business Times
2150:. Czechspecials.cz. Archived from
1918:. London: McFarland. p. 260.
1076:Common drinks are Christmas beer,
274:, which is usually a cured leg of
14:
2126:. London: McFarland. p. 25.
1939:Brown, Sarah (December 5, 2012).
439:, and various types of barbecue (
60:is a meal traditionally eaten at
5021:
4994:
4993:
4449:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
4344:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
3208:
2724:Herbert, Samantha (2022-12-14).
2623:Goose Clubs in Victorian England
2548:. Oxford Symposium. p. 34.
2516:Vogler, Pen (24 December 2021).
2440:Lee, Jeremy (26 November 2017).
1687:Kagan, Sarah (6 December 2016).
1033:The Swedish Christmas dinner or
3057:Zablocki, Isaac (Dec 5, 2014).
3016:Chandler, Adam (Dec 23, 2014).
2599:"The Turkey: An American Story"
2491:Thompson, Rachel (2018-12-24).
1520:are sometimes served cold with
4429:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
4358:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3741:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3520:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2947:Matley, Heather (2021-12-10).
2664:p.58. Taplinger Pub. Co., 1977
2310:(in Italian). 19 December 2020
278:. This is usually served with
176:or other fruit, are consumed.
1:
4380:Christmas television specials
4279:The New Oxford Book of Carols
3366:Annunciation to the shepherds
3153:. 16 May 1986. Archived from
1887:Whipp, Lindsay (2010-12-19).
151:. For dessert, a dish called
103:evolved from this tradition.
4434:Christmas and holiday season
2800:Holiday Traditions — England
2542:Walker, Harlan, ed. (1991).
2234:Holiday Traditions — Germany
2853:The Martha's Vineyard Times
2638:p.156. Bradbury & Evans
2402:. Universidad de Barcelona.
1402:, Puerto Rican or Jamaican
1061:, small fried sausages and
5067:
5044:Christmas meals and feasts
3346:Adoration of the Shepherds
2978:Creative Loafing Tampa Bay
2873:Fulton, Wil (2018-12-12).
2647:Broomfield, Andrea (2007)
2588:Thorogood Publishing, 2009
2198:Näin kuorrutat joulukinkun
2123:The Christmas Encyclopedia
1915:The Christmas Encyclopedia
1018:
819:
696:
599:, and Christmas biscuits (
18:
4989:
4590:WWE Tribute to the Troops
4351:A Visit from St. Nicholas
4272:The Oxford Book of Carols
3848:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3411:Massacre of the Innocents
3260:
2625:Retrieved 1 December 2010
2613:Retrieved 1 December 2010
2584:Whittaker, Andrew (2009)
2120:Crump, William D (2001).
1997:TheSmartLocal Philippines
1912:Crump, William D (2001).
1485:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1355:Manitou Springs, Colorado
95:of some description. The
4392:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
3092:"Christmas In Australia"
3079:Facts, Figures & Fun
2809:. Retrieved 1 July 2006.
2597:Andrew F. Smith (2009).
2285:(in Italian). 2022-12-01
2260:(in Italian). 2022-12-10
1796:www.seattleglobalist.com
1088:Christmas dinner in the
707:Finnish Christmas dinner
545:. Popular beverages are
248:Christmas dinner in the
4554:Small Business Saturday
4424:Black Friday (shopping)
4419:Black Friday (partying)
3913:Nine Lessons and Carols
3843:Events and celebrations
2634:Charles Dickens (1843)
2421:. The Swedish Institute
2355:Dias, JoĂŁo de Almeida.
2243:. Retrieved 1 July 2006
1798:. The Seattle Globalist
1418:, and the Puerto Rican
1152:, custard or cream) or
812:and Dresdener Stollen.
661:Danish Christmas dinner
294:. Some families prefer
89:former British colonies
4198:Post-War United States
3006:Retrieved 1 July 2006.
1168:
1030:
858:
833:
752:
736:
728:
718:
712:
708:
662:
282:, literally a ball of
245:
192:
54:
53:has been poured on it.
38:
4247:Hit singles in the US
4242:Hit singles in the UK
3803:Carols by Candlelight
3731:Santa Claus' daughter
3339:Adoration of the Magi
2972:Simon, Katie Machol.
2336:on September 11, 2012
1668:List of dining events
1166:
1028:
829:
706:
660:
509:), and various other
231:
187:
44:
29:
21:Peter, Paul and Mommy
4539:Santa's Candy Castle
3863:Google Santa Tracker
3217:at Wikimedia Commons
2571:Davis, Karen (2001)
1818:"Goa Christmas Food"
1003:(also called "white
427:(stuffed milkfish),
232:Typical traditional
49:is set aflame after
33:, often centered on
4544:Santa Claus Village
4459:Christmas Mountains
4365:Journey of the Magi
3371:Baptism of the Lord
3157:on 25 December 2010
2953:Instacart Corporate
2660:Muir, Frank (1977)
2611:Victorian Christmas
2575:Lantern Books, 2001
2415:"Swedish Christmas"
2308:lacucinaitaliana.it
1570:Italian Australians
993:Argentinian cuisine
551:as well as coffee,
318:, various types of
4654:Twelve-dish supper
4504:Jews and Christmas
4454:Christmas Lectures
4183:American Civil War
3918:NORAD Tracks Santa
3294:Saint Nicholas Day
3096:the-north-pole.com
3002:2006-07-11 at the
2903:manitousprings.org
2805:2006-07-11 at the
2781:. 17 December 2013
2283:La Cucina Italiana
2258:La Cucina Italiana
2239:2006-07-11 at the
2179:. 20 December 2011
2076:. 24 December 2018
2074:The Filipino Times
2024:. 22 December 2020
2022:Behold Philippines
1614:On Christmas Eve (
1444:or turnip. In the
1359:Tecumseh, Michigan
1169:
1148:(both served with
1140:) with dessert of
1102:yorkshire puddings
1063:Janssons frestelse
1031:
876:is more common in
872:(gelded chicken).
834:
822:Christmas in Italy
709:
663:
515:(rice cakes) like
324:Filipino spaghetti
246:
244:as the centerpiece
193:
55:
39:
5009:
5008:
4985:
4984:
4649:Thirteen desserts
4569:Virginia O'Hanlon
4414:Advent Conspiracy
4328:Films (Christmas,
4320:A Christmas Carol
4265:Carols for Choirs
3808:Cavalcade of Magi
3788:Boar's Head Feast
3457:Star of Bethlehem
3428:Nativity of Jesus
3416:flight into Egypt
3301:St. Stephen's Day
3213:Media related to
3127:on 7 January 2012
2909:on March 27, 2013
2133:978-0-7864-6827-0
1991:Tan, Kim Shelly.
1925:978-0-7864-6827-0
1220:Christmas pudding
1207:A Christmas Carol
1142:Christmas pudding
983:formatge torrador
944:Traditionally in
856:is female eel or
507:roasted chestnuts
358:chicken galantina
97:Christmas pudding
85:regional cuisines
47:Christmas pudding
5056:
5026:
5025:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4832:Redcurrant sauce
4621:
4615:
4610:
4584:Winter festivals
4334:Christmas horror
4301:
4212:
4043:
3898:Meals and feasts
3818:Christmas jumper
3765:
3736:Santa's reindeer
3688:
3634:Father Christmas
3598:
3555:Santa's workshop
3476:
3438:in later culture
3316:
3309:
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3215:Christmas dinner
3212:
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3183:. Archived from
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3123:. Archived from
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2886:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
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2839:
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2730:Evening Standard
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1477:Italian American
1376:Kentucky bourbon
1167:Christmas dinner
1126:Brussels sprouts
1114:redcurrant jelly
1106:pigs in blankets
890:Pavese agnolotti
863:
847:
780:Brussels sprouts
757:
741:
733:
721:
715:
621:chocolate mousse
375:arroz valenciana
58:Christmas dinner
5066:
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4947:Pickled herring
4920:
4889:
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4827:Cranberry sauce
4810:
4789:
4765:Red velvet cake
4750:Poppy seed roll
4668:
4619:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4579:White Christmas
4469:Christmas truce
4464:Christmas seals
4444:Christmas creep
4406:
4404:
4398:
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4204:
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3888:Lord of Misrule
3823:Christmas Peace
3773:Advent calendar
3763:
3757:
3706:Knecht Ruprecht
3686:
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3051:
3046:. Dec 24, 2014.
3036:
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3004:Wayback Machine
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1845:. 8 August 2018
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1513:
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1462:Charlotte Russe
1372:planter's punch
1319:beef Wellington
1307:the Netherlands
1282:
1250:
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1202:Charles Dickens
1086:
1039:pickled herring
1023:
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973:Catalan cuisine
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3721:Père Fouettard
3718:
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3708:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3687:Saint Nicholas
3680:
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3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Grandpa Indian
3636:
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3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3607:Saint Nicholas
3603:
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3588:
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3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
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3547:
3545:Old Man Winter
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Miner's figure
3527:
3522:
3517:
3515:Kallikantzaros
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3471:
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3465:
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3454:
3453:
3452:
3445:Nativity scene
3442:
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3283:
3280:Children's Day
3276:
3269:
3266:Blue Christmas
3261:
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3250:
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3247:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3204:
3203:External links
3201:
3198:
3197:
3168:
3138:
3108:
3083:
3077:Cameron Brown
3070:
3049:
3029:
3008:
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2890:
2865:
2840:
2824:Hearn Kirkwood
2811:
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2691:
2680:Country Living
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1660:
1652:Nativity scene
1624:Roast potatoes
1611:
1608:
1600:chocolate cake
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1368:Shirley Temple
1340:snickerdoodles
1281:
1278:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1232:Christmas cake
1210:(1843), where
1124:(particularly
1118:roast potatoes
1090:United Kingdom
1085:
1084:United Kingdom
1082:
1019:Main article:
1016:
1013:
1007:", similar to
964:
961:
941:
938:
866:Northern Italy
854:Southern Italy
820:Main article:
817:
814:
763:
760:
697:Main article:
694:
691:
654:
651:
628:
627:Czech Republic
625:
579:
576:
574:
571:
480:crema de fruta
461:macaroni salad
416:chicken pastel
298:prepared from
225:
222:
212:
209:
197:Christmas cake
181:
178:
141:Goan Catholics
124:
121:
119:
116:
101:Christmas cake
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4925:Meat and fish
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4892:
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4879:
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4863:Hot chocolate
4861:
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4474:Controversies
4472:
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4335:
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4329:
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4310:
4309:In literature
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4296:
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4207:
4199:
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4178:United States
4176:
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4159:
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4154:
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4119:
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3926:
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3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Moravian star
3906:
3904:
3903:Midnight Mass
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
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3881:
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3814:
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3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Candle arches
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Advent wreath
3781:
3779:
3778:Advent candle
3776:
3774:
3771:
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3768:
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3760:
3754:
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3734:
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3724:
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3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3685:Companions of
3681:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
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3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:Gift-bringers
3592:
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3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
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3568:
3566:
3563:
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3506:
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3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3462:Twelfth Night
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Nativity Fast
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Christmastide
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Angel Gabriel
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:Biblical Magi
3332:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3287:Christmas Eve
3284:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3187:on 2014-12-25
3186:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3126:
3122:
3121:Disney Family
3118:
3112:
3109:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3005:
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2998:
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2979:
2975:
2968:
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2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2830:on 2020-12-14
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2780:
2776:
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2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2555:9780907325468
2551:
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2546:
2538:
2535:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2498:
2494:
2487:
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2472:
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2299:
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2271:
2259:
2255:
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2238:
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2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2154:on 2021-01-15
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2113:
2101:
2100:Pinoy Kitchen
2097:
2091:
2088:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2050:
2049:Food Republic
2046:
2039:
2036:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
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1770:Umami Insider
1767:
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1649:
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1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:hot chocolate
1629:
1625:
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1609:
1607:
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1597:
1593:
1584:
1580:South America
1579:
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1510:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Christmas Eve
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
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1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
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1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1344:sugar cookies
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:Christmas ham
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1280:United States
1279:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1243:North America
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Bob Cratchitt
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:Victorian era
1195:
1190:
1189:Thomas Tusser
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:brandy butter
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:Christmas ham
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
979:
978:salsa de pago
974:
969:
962:
960:
958:
953:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Central Italy
875:
871:
867:
862:
861:
855:
851:
843:
839:
832:
828:
823:
815:
813:
811:
810:
809:Christstollen
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4720:Melomakarono
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4479:Cyber Monday
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4260:Music books
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4091:Nazi Germany
3983:
3979:Secret Santa
3966:
3853:Flying Santa
3560:TiĂł de Nadal
3510:Korvatunturi
3361:Annunciation
3327:Christianity
3308:Sol Invictus
3189:. Retrieved
3185:the original
3181:Aboutespanol
3180:
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3155:the original
3150:
3141:
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3125:the original
3120:
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3099:. Retrieved
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2878:
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2855:. 2014-12-17
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2828:the original
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2334:the original
2324:
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2282:
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2257:
2248:
2229:
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2219:
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2206:(in Finnish)
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2048:
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2021:
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1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
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1800:. Retrieved
1795:
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1772:. 2018-12-21
1769:
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1742:
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1719:. 2018-12-20
1716:
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1696:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1638:made out of
1613:
1598:, nuts pie,
1588:
1554:passionfruit
1546:strawberries
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1474:
1427:
1424:
1364:
1348:
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1263:butter tarts
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1075:
1071:risgrynsgröt
1070:
1067:rice pudding
1034:
1032:
1000:
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971:In medieval
970:
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796:potato salad
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664:
637:potato salad
630:
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560:
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518:puto bumbong
516:
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236:meal in the
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174:gooseberries
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4952:Roast goose
4873:Mulled wine
4853:Champurrado
4848:Apple cider
4822:Bread sauce
4775:Szaloncukor
4755:Pumpkin pie
4705:Gingerbread
4659:Smörgåsbord
4300:Other media
4138:Philippines
4128:New Zealand
4011:Twelve Days
3968:Räuchermann
3923:Nutcrackers
3873:Las Posadas
3833:Decorations
3813:Christingle
3753:Zwarte Piet
3748:Snegurochka
3669:Sinterklaas
3619:Santa Claus
3081:AAPPL, 2006
2527:27 November
1893:Japan Today
1868:Alcohol.org
1648:Child Jesus
1640:Brazil nuts
1616:Noche Buena
1592:Brazil nuts
1483:can be the
1440:and mashed
1336:gingerbread
1323:country ham
1295:Scandinavia
1110:bread sauce
1080:and snaps.
1055:leverpastej
1043:crisp bread
886:cappelletti
784:red cabbage
748:mulled wine
719:smörgåsbord
683:Risalamande
597:Sachertorte
593:Christkindl
562:Noche Buena
542:sapin-sapin
495:mango float
471:fruit salad
322:(noodles),
305:Noche Buena
292:cacao beans
266:Noche Buena
255:Noche Buena
250:Philippines
238:Philippines
234:noche buena
224:Philippines
5038:Categories
4680:Candy cane
4629:Joulupöytä
4529:Pikkujoulu
4193:New Mexico
4042:By country
4016:Wassailing
3957:Poinsettia
3764:Traditions
3716:Mrs. Claus
3696:Belsnickel
3649:Julemanden
3644:Joulupukki
3575:Wenceslaus
3540:North Pole
3505:Jack Frost
3495:Christkind
3450:Neapolitan
3273:Boxing Day
3191:2014-12-25
3151:Essortment
2983:2023-01-06
2958:2023-01-06
2933:2018-12-13
2913:2018-12-13
2884:2018-12-13
2859:2018-12-13
2834:2018-12-13
2760:2024-02-10
2735:2023-01-16
2710:2023-01-16
2685:2023-01-16
2502:2022-10-21
2477:2022-10-21
2425:14 January
2382:14 January
2289:2023-09-09
2264:2023-09-09
2158:2019-12-17
1898:2012-07-23
1873:2020-04-28
1849:2020-04-28
1802:18 January
1776:2020-04-28
1748:2020-04-28
1723:2020-04-28
1698:2020-04-28
1693:Epicurious
1674:References
1596:lemon tart
1454:Gulf Coast
1446:Lowcountry
1416:poinsettia
1384:Washington
1380:California
1332:Stuart era
1267:shortbread
1255:roast beef
1228:mince pies
1146:mince pies
1122:vegetables
991:in modern
922:cavallucci
713:Joulupöytä
699:Joulupöytä
491:champorado
475:buko salad
457:leche flan
448:úbe halayá
363:almondigas
252:is called
110:, where a
4967:Tourtière
4957:Romeritos
4894:Dumplings
4841:Beverages
4745:Pecan pie
4735:Panettone
4730:Pampushka
4725:Mince pie
4700:Fruitcake
4644:RĂ©veillon
4524:NFL games
4519:NBA games
4514:In August
4484:Economics
4254:Billboard
4108:Indonesia
4051:Australia
4026:Yule goat
4001:Stockings
3935:Ornaments
3664:Père Noël
3659:Olentzero
3654:Noel Baba
3629:Ded Moroz
3585:Yule Lads
3525:Mari Lwyd
3376:Bethlehem
3253:Christmas
2879:Thrillist
2754:The Argus
2522:Spectator
2451:4 January
2419:sweden.se
2399:Pedralbes
1950:March 23,
1628:panettone
1604:Panettone
1602:and also
1574:panettone
1550:kiwifruit
1511:Australia
1493:struffoli
1489:Panettone
1479:meal for
1408:champagne
1350:Fruitcake
1274:RĂ©veillon
1059:meatballs
1009:hippocras
988:provoleta
950:olive oil
926:veneziana
910:struffoli
894:panettone
874:Abbacchio
831:Panettone
804:Lebkuchen
788:Bockwurst
677:(8%), or
671:crackling
641:fish soup
617:Rumpunsch
601:Lebkuchen
548:tsokolate
499:fruitcake
486:ensaymada
466:membrilyo
421:relyenong
405:caldereta
384:, etc.),
296:tsokolate
288:tsokolate
240:, with a
218:Tabbouleh
195:Japanese
149:sarapatel
70:feast day
62:Christmas
5000:Category
4971:meat pie
4962:Stuffing
4916:Varenyky
4785:Yule log
4760:Qurabiya
4634:Julebord
4607:Food and
4534:SantaCon
4499:El Gordo
4386:Yule Log
4158:Scotland
4071:Ethiopia
4056:Colombia
4031:Yule log
3985:Spanbaum
3962:Pyramids
3828:Crackers
3726:Sack Man
3612:folklore
3580:Yule cat
3485:Badalisc
3475:folklore
3386:Epiphany
3161:18 March
3131:18 March
3101:18 March
3064:HuffPost
3000:Archived
2803:Archived
2785:18 March
2497:Mashable
2237:Archived
2221:Hartwall
2183:18 March
2105:18 April
2080:18 April
2054:18 April
2028:18 April
2002:18 April
1976:18 April
1827:18 March
1662:See also
1636:marzipan
1562:cherries
1538:crayfish
1448:region,
1442:rutabaga
1438:lutefisk
1430:Virginia
1396:Prosecco
1392:New York
1388:Virginia
1236:yule log
1138:parsnips
1130:broccoli
1094:stuffing
957:bacalhau
946:Portugal
940:Portugal
930:pizzelle
918:bisciola
906:panforte
882:agnolini
860:capitone
800:marzipan
730:lutefisk
646:biscuits
613:Gluhwein
539:, and
524:bibingka
503:castañas
353:embutido
329:hamonado
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4770:Stollen
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4695:Cozonac
4664:Wigilia
4549:Scrooge
4509:In July
4407:society
4339:Poetry
4173:Ukraine
4148:Romania
4113:Ireland
4103:Iceland
4098:Hungary
4086:Germany
4076:Finland
4066:England
4061:Denmark
4021:Windows
3952:Piñatas
3940:Parades
3893:Markets
3878:Letters
3868:Hampers
3711:Krampus
3550:Perchta
3490:Caganer
3043:Haaretz
1650:in the
1566:mangoes
1542:pavlova
1534:oysters
1530:lobster
1518:chicken
1506:Oceania
1434:oysters
1420:coquito
1400:wassail
1362:point.
1315:Florida
1311:Germany
1212:Scrooge
1177:peacock
1173:England
1134:carrots
1078:julmust
1047:lutfisk
1035:Julbord
1021:Julbord
1005:sangria
902:torrone
898:pandoro
852:and in
768:Germany
762:Germany
738:gravlax
724:mustard
693:Finland
673:(43%),
653:Denmark
584:Austria
578:Austria
512:kakanin
399:mechado
381:bringhe
211:Lebanon
201:Stollen
170:Muslims
160:, Beef
153:bebinca
129:biryani
93:pudding
5049:Dinner
5014:Portal
4977:Turkey
4911:Tamale
4868:Kissel
4858:Eggnog
4815:Sauces
4801:Menudo
4780:TurrĂłn
4690:Cookie
4673:Sweets
4639:KĹ«ÄŤios
4620:Dinner
4494:Grinch
4405:modern
4372:Tomten
4331:Santa,
4314:novels
4232:Operas
4220:Carols
4188:Hawaii
4168:Sweden
4163:Serbia
4153:Russia
4143:Poland
4133:Norway
4123:Mexico
4081:France
3996:Stamps
3991:Szopka
3883:Lights
3838:Didukh
3674:Others
3624:Befana
3570:Vertep
3433:in art
3401:Joseph
3351:Advent
2779:cbc.ca
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1656:Carols
1620:turkey
1585:Brazil
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1526:prawns
1458:shrimp
1414:, the
1412:eggnog
1303:France
1287:Europe
1265:, and
1259:Eggnog
1248:Canada
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1015:Sweden
1001:clarea
934:zelten
850:Naples
842:cenone
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792:Wiener
782:, and
675:turkey
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573:Europe
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316:lechĂłn
300:tablea
242:lechĂłn
166:Hindus
133:sweets
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4609:drink
4237:Songs
4211:Music
4118:Italy
3974:Seals
3928:dolls
3858:Gifts
3798:Cards
3701:Elves
3565:Turoń
3535:Nisse
3500:Grýla
3396:Jesus
1644:toast
1470:quail
1390:, or
1342:, or
1299:Italy
1291:Spain
1234:or a
1194:goose
1098:gravy
997:neula
963:Spain
870:capon
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271:hamĂłn
180:Japan
137:kheer
135:like
123:India
108:Japan
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5028:Food
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4685:Cake
4596:Xmas
4225:list
4006:Tree
3945:list
3406:Mary
3315:Yule
3163:2015
3133:2015
3103:2015
2787:2015
2550:ISBN
2529:2022
2453:2018
2427:2019
2384:2019
2342:2011
2316:2022
2185:2015
2128:ISBN
2107:2024
2082:2024
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2030:2024
2004:2024
1978:2024
1952:2018
1920:ISBN
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