493:, the head of the EMB, permission to use the recipe in a publication in the following November. The royal chef, Henry Cédard, provided it. In order to distribute the recipe, the EMB had to overcome two challenges: size and ingredients. First, the original recipe was measured to serve 40 people, including the entire royal family and their guests. The EMB was challenged to rework the recipe to serve only 8 people. Second, the ingredients used to make the pudding had to be changed to reflect the ideals of the Empire. The origins of each ingredient were carefully manipulated to represent some of the Empire's many colonies. Brandy from Cyprus and nutmeg from the West Indies, which had been inadvertently forgotten in previous recipes, made special appearances. However, there were a number of colonies that produced the same foodstuffs. The final recipe included Australian currants, South African stoned raisins, Canadian apples, Jamaican rum and English Beer, among other ingredients all sourced from somewhere in the Empire. After finalising the ingredients, the royal recipe was sent out to national newspapers and to popular women's magazines. Copies were also printed and handed out to the public for free. The recipe was a phenomenal success, as thousands of requests for the recipe flooded the EMB office.
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401:(without fruit) is "fraunche mele" in the Liber Cure Cocorum Pudding "had the great merit" of not needing to be cooked in an oven, something "most lower class households did not have". Pudding predecessors often contained meat, as well as sweet ingredients, and prior to being steamed in a cloth the ingredients may have been stuffed into the gut or stomach of an animal, like
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with a laundress's next door to that. That was the pudding. In half a minute Mrs
Cratchit entered – flushed, but smiling proudly – with the pudding, like a speckled cannon-ball, so hard and firm, blazing in half of half-a-quarter of ignited brandy, and bedight with Christmas holly stuck into the top.
307:
Initial cooking usually involves steaming for many hours. Most pre-twentieth century recipes assume that the pudding will then be served immediately, but in the second half of the twentieth century, it became more usual to reheat puddings on the day of serving, and recipes changed slightly to allow
656:
Mrs
Cratchit left the room alone – too nervous to bear witnesses – to take the pudding up and bring it in... Hallo! A great deal of steam! The pudding was out of the copper which smells like a washing-day. That was the cloth. A smell like an eating-house and a pastrycook's next door to each other,
408:
As techniques for meat preserving improved in the 18th century, the savoury element of both the mince pie and the plum pottage diminished as the sweet content increased. People began adding dried fruit and sugar. The mince pie kept its name, though the pottage was increasingly referred to as
248:
Some households have their own recipes for
Christmas pudding, which may be handed down through families for generations. Essentially the recipe brings together what traditionally were expensive or luxurious ingredients — notably the sweet spices that are so important in developing its
612:
Initially probably a schoolchild joke, latterly the day became known as "Stir-up Sunday". By the 1920s, the custom was established that everyone in the household, or at least every child (and sometimes the servants), gave the mixture a stir and made a wish while doing so.
510:
newspaper noted "The Lord Mayor of London has promised to give the pudding its first 'stir'. He will be followed by the High
Commissioners of the Dominions, and afterwards the general public will have the chance of stirring it". The Prince of Wales (later
42:
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was published in the U.S. as early as 1742. Among the ingredients she includes a pound of each of a variety of dried fruits and sugar, plus half a pound each of candied peel (citron, orange and lemon). She also adds one pint of brandy and 12 eggs.
600:
begins with the words "Stir up, we beseech thee, O Lord, the wills of thy faithful people; that they, plenteously bringing forth the fruit of good works...". This led to the custom of preparing
Christmas puddings on that day which became known as
1303:
The
Williamsburg art of cookery, or, Accomplish'd gentlewoman's companion : being a collection of upwards of five hundred of the most ancient & approv'd recipes in Virginia cookery... and also a table of favorite Williamsburg garden
4272:
367:
413:. As plum pudding, it became widespread as a feast dish, not necessarily associated with Christmas, and usually served with beef. It makes numerous appearances in 18th century satire as a symbol of Britishness, including the
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It was not until the 1830s that a boiled cake of flour, fruits, suet, sugar and spices, all topped with holly, made a definite appearance, becoming more and more associated with
Christmas. In her bestselling 1845 book
515:) was then a patron of the PDSA charity. It was then divided up into 11,208 smaller puddings, which were distributed amongst the poor throughout the country. Manchester and Salford, for example, received 512 each.
205:, with early recipes making use of dried fruit, suet, breadcrumbs, flour, eggs and spice, along with liquid such as milk or fortified wine. Later, recipes became more elaborate. In 1845, cookery writer
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and their journey in that direction". However, recipes for plum puddings appear mainly, if not entirely, in the 17th century and later. One of the earliest plum pudding recipes is given by
1358:, 1917). "Stir-up Sunday (colloq.): the Sunday next before Advent: so called from the opening words of the Collect for the day. The name is jocularly associated with the stirring of the
504:
on 24 and 25 November. A 10-ton
Christmas pudding, the largest ever created up until that time, was featured. The recipe became known as the "Prince of Wales' Empire Christmas Pudding".
284:
Christmas puddings are often dried out on hooks for weeks prior to serving in order to enhance the flavour. This pudding has been prepared with a traditional cloth rather than a basin.
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628:. The coin was believed to bring wealth in the coming year, and came from an earlier tradition of putting tokens in a cake, which had died out by the twentieth century (see
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Other tokens are also known to have been included, such as a tiny wishbone (to bring good luck), a silver thimble (for thrift) or an anchor (to symbolise safe harbour).
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357:, that it be prepared with 13 ingredients to represent Christ and the 12 apostles, and that every family member stir it in turn from east to west to honour the
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It was in the late
Victorian era that 'Stir up Sunday' (the fifth Sunday before Christmas) began to be associated with the making of Christmas pudding. The
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for maturing. To serve, the pudding is reheated by steaming once more, and may be dressed with warm brandy which is set alight. It can be eaten with
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216:(though this can also refer to other kinds of boiled pudding involving dried fruit). The word "plum" was used then for what has been called a "
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562:, nutmeg, eggs, raisins and brandy. It was a moulded dessert, cooked in boiling water for several hours, and served with a sweet wine sauce.
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375:(sometimes known as the Pudding King) requested that plum pudding be served as part of his royal feast in his first Christmas in England.
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642:(or "fired"), the pudding is traditionally brought to the table ceremoniously, and greeted with a round of applause. In 1843,
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The custom of eating
Christmas pudding was carried to many parts of the world by British colonists. It is a common dish in
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What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox-Hunting to Whist - the Facts of daily Life in 19th Century England
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1306:. Parks, William, -1750., Blackeby, Harold W.,, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Williamsburg : Colonial Williamsburg.
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in the pudding mixture, which could be kept by the person whose serving included them. The usual choice was a silver
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O'Connor, Kaori (2009). "The King's Christmas Pudding: globalization, recipes, and the commodities of the empire".
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In America, the tradition of the Christmas pudding had already arrived in pre-independence days. A book entitled
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397:. Various ingredients and methods of these older recipes appear in early plum puddings. An early example of a
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in most recipes, and its long cooking time. The mixture can be moistened with the juice of citrus fruits,
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it, followed by unwrapping the pudding, placing it on a platter, and decorating the top with a sprig of
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Once turned out of its basin, decorated with holly, doused in brandy (or occasionally rum), and
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There is a popular myth that plum pudding's association with Christmas goes back to a custom in
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1251:"From the archives: Making a record-breaking Christmas pudding at the Royal Albert Hall, 1931"
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1190:"The Christmas Pudding: A Symbol of the British Empire (by Kelly Harper) – History @ Bham"
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253:. The pudding is very dark, almost black in appearance due to the dark sugars and black
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702:, an early English dish made with wheat, fruits, and nuts, sometimes served on holidays
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Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1990: feasting and fasting : proceedings
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Traditionally, every member of the household stirs the pudding, while making a wish.
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and other countries to which the tradition has been exported. It has its origins in
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470:. Throughout the colonial period, the pudding was a symbol of unity throughout the
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Christmas pudding's possible ancestors include savoury puddings such as those in
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485:, requesting a copy of the recipe used to make the Christmas pudding for the
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4273:
A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
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A Collection of above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery
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Prior to the 19th century, the English Christmas pudding was boiled in a
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A Christmas pudding being flamed after brandy has been poured over it
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371:. There is a popular and wholly unsubstantiated myth that in 1714,
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A traditional bag-boiled Christmas pudding still showing the "skin"
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mincemeat, which it was customary to begin making in that week."
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published a 19th-century recipe for plum pudding contributed to
388:
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250:
148:
3848:
3247:
1456:
4243:
4023:
964:"Food History Jottings: $ 1000 Reward for Lost Pudding Decree"
913:
Eating Royally: Recipes and Remembrances from a Palace Kitchen
394:
209:
wrote the first recipe for a dish called "Christmas pudding".
1452:
1432:
A Christmas Carol, the Chimes, and the Cricket on the Hearth
3243:
474:, which the message was widely promoted through the media.
296:
fashion involved putting the mixture into a basin and then
220:" since the 18th century, and the pudding does not contain
1406:"Stir-up Sunday, History and Plum pudding - Miss Foodwise"
353:
that the "pudding should be made on the 25th Sunday after
1089:. New York: Simon & Schuster ( Touchstone). pp.
1448:
The Spruce Eats: Traditional Christmas Pudding Recipe
740:
446:
was the first to refer to it as "Christmas Pudding".
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708:, another common Christmas food incorporating suet
817:Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history
393:, creme boiled (a kind of stirred custard), and
1165:"How Christmas pudding evolved with Australia"
261:and other alcohol (some recipes call for dark
249:distinctive rich aroma, and usually made with
3860:
3259:
1468:
554:, by soaking stale bread in milk then adding
8:
826:pp.149-150. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
496:In 1931, an annual Christmas market for the
32:
1354:. Second edition, 1989 (first published in
4894:
4700:
4561:Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management
4509:
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3252:
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40:
31:
1276:"Giant pudding was royal Christmas treat"
1033:Hieatt, Constance; Sharon Butler (1985).
1012:"Medieval Recipe Translations: Crustade"
616:It was common practice to include small
1112:
1110:
990:"How to perfect your Christmas pudding"
888:"Christmas, Victorian Bakers - BBC Two"
793:
747:
4318:The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy
4294:The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary
1375:"Home-made Christmas puddings die out"
811:
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807:
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733:The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding
605:, associated with the stirring of the
292:, and often represented as round. The
23:. For the novel by Nancy Mitford, see
4184:The Queen-like Closet or Rich Cabinet
2805:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
7:
1386:from the original on 12 January 2022
498:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4537:Modern Cookery for Private Families
4352:The Experienced English Housekeeper
865:cites this use as early as 1653 by
540:Jennie June's American Cookery Book
435:Modern Cookery for Private Families
46:A Christmas pudding decorated with
1249:Griffin, Matt (10 December 2013).
992:. British Broadcasting Corporation
332:, and is sometimes sprinkled with
14:
1372:Gary Cleland (24 November 2007).
224:in the modern sense of the word.
16:Steamed sweet dried-fruit pudding
4525:A New System of Domestic Cookery
3226:
3225:
2681:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2576:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
988:Lepard, Dan (21 November 2011).
774:
762:
750:
668:
193:traditionally served as part of
170:
159:
5021:Rationing in the United Kingdom
1301:Bullock, Helen Duprey (1983) .
1153:pp.36, 45. Prospect Books, 1991
525:The Williamsburg Art of Cookery
212:The dish is sometimes known as
85:
75:
57:
2661:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2590:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1973:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1752:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1434:Digireads.com Publishing, 2008
922:p.180. Thomas Nelson Inc, 2007
312:(usually brandy butter or rum
1:
3935:
2612:Christmas television specials
2511:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1598:Annunciation to the shepherds
962:Day, Ivan (7 February 2012).
542:by the American poet sisters
489:. The King and Queen granted
483:Master of the Royal Household
4721:A Book of Mediterranean Food
4370:The Housekeeper's Instructor
4367:William Augustus Henderson (
2666:Christmas and holiday season
566:Wishing and other traditions
481:(EMB) wrote a letter to the
176:Media: Christmas pudding
5077:Foods with alcoholic drinks
4915:Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
420:The Plumb-pudding in danger
165:Cookbook: Christmas pudding
5135:
4361:The English Art of Cookery
1578:Adoration of the Shepherds
1282:. University of Manchester
1039:Early English Text Society
815:Broomfield, Andrea (2007)
736:, an Agatha Christie story
19:For the atomic model, see
18:
4945:A History of English Food
4408:Cottage or Shepherd's pie
4285:Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts
3381:Chocolate biscuit pudding
3221:
2822:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2583:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2504:The Oxford Book of Carols
2080:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1643:Massacre of the Innocents
1492:
1351:Oxford English Dictionary
1228:10.1017/S1740022809002988
1216:Journal of Global History
869:and also, inter alia, in
863:Oxford English Dictionary
373:George I of Great Britain
155:
39:
25:Christmas Pudding (novel)
5011:List of savoury puddings
4639:Steak and kidney pudding
4544:Charles Elmé Francatelli
4388:Bread and butter pudding
4073:The Good Huswifes Jewell
3336:Bread and butter pudding
2624:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1339:. McFarland. p. 30.
1062:Morris, Richard (1862).
918:27 December 2022 at the
822:27 December 2022 at the
722:List of Christmas dishes
5006:List of English cheeses
4940:Clarissa Dickson Wright
4925:Antony Worrall Thompson
3571:Lemon delicious pudding
2786:Small Business Saturday
2656:Black Friday (shopping)
2651:Black Friday (partying)
2145:Nine Lessons and Carols
2075:Events and celebrations
1255:www.royalalberthall.com
646:describes the scene in
389:
5016:List of sweet puddings
5001:List of English dishes
4609:Full English breakfast
4306:The Compleat Housewife
4116:Trifle (without jelly)
3716:Treacle sponge pudding
2430:Post-War United States
1356:New English Dictionary
1117:Dixon, Angela (2016).
659:
583:
575:
479:Empire Marketing Board
285:
245:
237:
189:is sweet, dried-fruit
5112:South African cuisine
4878:Sticky toffee pudding
4340:The British Housewife
3676:Sticky toffee pudding
2479:Hit singles in the US
2474:Hit singles in the UK
2035:Carols by Candlelight
1963:Santa Claus' daughter
1571:Adoration of the Magi
1081:Pool, Daniel (1993).
968:Food History Jottings
727:List of steamed foods
654:
597:Book of Common Prayer
581:
573:
536:Jane Cunningham Croly
283:
243:
235:
5092:New Zealand desserts
5067:Christmas in England
4848:Chicken tikka masala
4684:Worcestershire sauce
4413:Cumberland rum nicky
4172:The Accomplisht Cook
2771:Santa's Candy Castle
2095:Google Santa Tracker
1119:The king of puddings
387:MS 279, croustades,
5087:New Zealand cuisine
4863:Knickerbocker glory
4483:Trifle (with jelly)
4234:Sussex pond pudding
4160:The English Huswife
3691:Sussex Pond Pudding
3590:Cape brandy pudding
2776:Santa Claus Village
2691:Christmas Mountains
2597:Journey of the Magi
1603:Baptism of the Lord
1335:Scharnhorst, Gary.
1014:. James L. Matterer
933:"Christmas pudding"
841:The Southland Times
837:"Plum duff updated"
676:Christianity portal
590:this Sunday in the
121:Serving temperature
36:
5057:Australian cuisine
4853:Coronation chicken
4780:Marco Pierre White
4584:Cauliflower cheese
4061:The Boke of Cokery
3431:Dutch baby pancake
2886:Twelve-dish supper
2736:Jews and Christmas
2686:Christmas Lectures
2415:American Civil War
2150:NORAD Tracks Santa
1526:Saint Nicholas Day
1412:. 18 November 2016
1068:A. Asher & Co.
1064:Liber cure Cocorum
584:
576:
286:
246:
238:
21:Plum pudding model
5117:Victorian cuisine
5107:Canadian desserts
5102:American desserts
5029:
5028:
4981:
4980:
4968:Coronation quiche
4930:Heston Blumenthal
4886:
4885:
4868:Ploughman's lunch
4750:Marguerite Patten
4692:
4691:
4624:Lancashire hotpot
4579:Bubble and squeak
4501:
4500:
4493:Yorkshire pudding
4393:Christmas pudding
4347:Elizabeth Raffald
4329:Professed Cookery
4252:
4251:
4224:Queen of Puddings
4196:The Closet Opened
4143:Elinor Fettiplace
4124:
4123:
4037:
4036:
3946:The Forme of Cury
3931:Utilis Coquinario
3907:
3906:
3842:
3841:
3834:Yorkshire pudding
3646:Queen of Puddings
3621:Pistachio pudding
3616:Persimmon pudding
3391:Christmas pudding
3386:Chocolate pudding
3241:
3240:
3217:
3216:
2881:Thirteen desserts
2801:Virginia O'Hanlon
2646:Advent Conspiracy
2560:Films (Christmas,
2552:A Christmas Carol
2497:Carols for Choirs
2040:Cavalcade of Magi
2020:Boar's Head Feast
1689:Star of Bethlehem
1660:Nativity of Jesus
1648:flight into Egypt
1533:St. Stephen's Day
1163:McIntyre, Julie.
1035:Curye on Inglysch
649:A Christmas Carol
592:Church of England
550:. It was made as
502:Royal Albert Hall
365:in her 1714 book
244:Christmas pudding
187:Christmas pudding
184:
183:
62:Plum pudding, pud
59:Alternative names
34:Christmas pudding
5124:
5042:British puddings
4973:Platinum Pudding
4895:
4795:Fergus Henderson
4701:
4594:Devilled kidneys
4510:
4478:Toad in the hole
4358:Richard Briggs (
4261:
4133:
4046:
3940:
3937:
3920:
3889:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3846:
3626:Platinum Pudding
3471:Ginger milk curd
3421:Diplomat pudding
3396:Clootie dumpling
3291:Abbot of Priscos
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3064:Redcurrant sauce
2853:
2847:
2842:
2816:Winter festivals
2566:Christmas horror
2533:
2444:
2275:
2130:Meals and feasts
2050:Christmas jumper
1997:
1968:Santa's reindeer
1920:
1866:Father Christmas
1830:
1787:Santa's workshop
1708:
1670:in later culture
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1435:
1430:Charles Dickens
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1377:
1369:
1363:
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1246:
1240:
1239:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1169:The Conversation
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1121:. Spider Books.
1114:
1105:
1104:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1071:
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1023:
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1001:
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997:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
943:on 28 April 2017
939:. Archived from
929:
923:
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900:
898:
884:
878:
859:
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848:
833:
827:
813:
779:
778:
767:
766:
755:
754:
746:
678:
673:
672:
500:was held at the
392:
351:medieval England
203:medieval England
195:Christmas dinner
174:
163:
129:Main ingredients
44:
37:
35:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5097:National dishes
5052:English cuisine
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
4994:Food in England
4977:
4956:
4905:Michel Roux Jr.
4882:
4838:Beef Wellington
4821:
4800:The Whole Beast
4733:Food in England
4728:Dorothy Hartley
4716:Elizabeth David
4688:
4644:Battenberg cake
4567:
4556:Isabella Beeton
4549:The Modern Cook
4497:
4376:
4270:Mary Kettilby (
4248:
4202:
4155:Gervase Markham
4120:
4079:
4033:
3952:
3938:
3916:to 15th century
3915:
3903:
3878:
3876:English cuisine
3873:
3843:
3838:
3730:
3701:Tapioca pudding
3596:Malvern pudding
3496:Instant pudding
3406:Cottage pudding
3351:Cabinet pudding
3277:
3272:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3213:
3179:Pickled herring
3152:
3121:
3068:
3059:Cranberry sauce
3042:
3021:
2997:Red velvet cake
2982:Poppy seed roll
2900:
2851:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2811:White Christmas
2701:Christmas truce
2696:Christmas seals
2676:Christmas creep
2638:
2636:
2630:
2531:
2525:
2442:
2436:
2273:
2267:
2120:Lord of Misrule
2055:Christmas Peace
2005:Advent calendar
1995:
1989:
1938:Knecht Ruprecht
1918:
1916:
1910:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1623:Herod the Great
1558:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1488:
1484:
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1404:
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1399:
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1387:
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1329:
1314:
1300:
1299:
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1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1194:blog.bham.ac.uk
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1041:. p. 133.
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986:
982:
972:
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956:
946:
944:
931:
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926:
920:Wayback Machine
911:Darran McGrady
910:
906:
896:
894:
886:
885:
881:
860:
856:
846:
844:
835:
834:
830:
824:Wayback Machine
814:
795:
790:
785:
773:
761:
749:
741:
739:
674:
667:
664:
644:Charles Dickens
568:
521:
452:
429:
381:
347:
342:
328:, or sweetened
320:, lemon cream,
230:
180:
87:Region or state
77:Place of origin
54:
33:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5062:Flambéed foods
5059:
5054:
5049:
5047:Christmas food
5044:
5034:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
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4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
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4814:
4809:
4804:
4792:
4787:
4785:Nigella Lawson
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Constance Spry
4737:
4725:
4713:
4711:Florence Petty
4707:
4705:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Summer pudding
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4629:Potted shrimps
4626:
4621:
4619:Ice cream cone
4616:
4611:
4606:
4604:Fish and chips
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
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4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4344:
4335:Martha Bradley
4332:
4322:
4310:
4298:
4289:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4239:Sweet and sour
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4188:
4179:Hannah Woolley
4176:
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4137:
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4118:
4113:
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4065:
4056:Richard Pynson
4052:
4050:
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3893:
3886:
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3872:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3764:Groaty pudding
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3681:Summer pudding
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
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3523:
3518:
3513:
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3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Gajar Ka Halwa
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3366:Cheese pudding
3363:
3358:
3356:Carrot pudding
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Banana pudding
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
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3140:
3135:
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3120:
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3114:
3113:
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3110:Smoking Bishop
3102:
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2808:
2798:
2793:
2791:Super Saturday
2788:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
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2748:
2743:
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2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:Giving Tuesday
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Christmas club
2668:
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2658:
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2648:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
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2627:
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2556:
2555:
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2537:
2535:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:Piae Cantiones
2514:
2507:
2500:
2490:
2484:Music charts (
2481:
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Père Fouettard
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1919:Saint Nicholas
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Grandpa Indian
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1839:Saint Nicholas
1835:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
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1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Old Man Winter
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Miner's figure
1759:
1754:
1749:
1747:Kallikantzaros
1744:
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1713:
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1677:Nativity scene
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1512:Children's Day
1508:
1501:
1498:Blue Christmas
1493:
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1479:
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1465:
1457:
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1442:External links
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2541:In literature
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1337:Literary Eats
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867:John Lilburne
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843:. 25 May 2009
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685:Figgy pudding
683:
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552:bread pudding
549:
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541:
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530:
529:Helen Bullock
526:
519:United States
518:
516:
514:
509:
508:
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480:
477:In 1927, the
475:
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457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:
427:Victorian era
426:
424:
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405:or sausages.
404:
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364:
363:Mary Kettilby
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53:
49:
43:
38:
30:
26:
22:
4992:
4943:
4934:The Fat Duck
4891:21st century
4798:
4790:Jamie Oliver
4770:Nigel Slater
4755:Jane Grigson
4731:
4719:
4697:20th century
4679:Windsor soup
4669:Madeira cake
4634:Sausage roll
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4506:19th century
4473:Suet pudding
4423:Jellied eels
4392:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4338:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4283:
4271:
4257:18th century
4214:Battalia pie
4194:
4191:Kenelm Digby
4182:
4170:
4158:
4148:Receipt Book
4147:
4129:17th century
4071:
4059:
4042:16th century
3974:Banbury cake
3944:
3929:
3799:Pudding corn
3759:Flummadiddle
3749:Dock pudding
3726:Welf pudding
3671:Spotted dick
3666:Sago pudding
3651:Rice pudding
3411:Crème brûlée
3401:Corn pudding
3390:
3371:Chia pudding
3169:Gefilte fish
3117:Ponche crema
2952:Melomakarono
2820:
2711:Cyber Monday
2616:
2581:
2550:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2492:Music books
2485:
2323:Nazi Germany
2215:
2211:Secret Santa
2198:
2085:Flying Santa
1792:Tió de Nadal
1742:Korvatunturi
1593:Annunciation
1559:Christianity
1540:Sol Invictus
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1379:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1302:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1279:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1244:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1199:11 September
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1118:
1084:
1076:
1063:
1057:
1034:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1006:
994:. Retrieved
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
936:
927:
907:
895:. Retrieved
891:
882:
874:
862:
857:
845:. Retrieved
840:
831:
731:
655:
647:
637:
634:
630:Twelfth Cake
618:silver coins
615:
611:
595:
585:
539:
534:
524:
522:
505:
495:
487:royal family
476:
468:South Africa
453:
433:
430:
418:
411:plum pudding
410:
407:
382:
366:
348:
334:caster sugar
306:
287:
247:
214:plum pudding
213:
211:
186:
185:
124:Warm or cold
107:South Africa
50:rather than
29:
4952:Rachel Khoo
4909:Le Gavroche
4873:Salad cream
4843:Carrot cake
4812:Gary Rhodes
4775:Keith Floyd
4760:Delia Smith
4532:Eliza Acton
4428:Jugged hare
4418:Eccles cake
4301:Eliza Smith
4291:John Nott (
4229:Sponge cake
4219:Currant bun
3994:Gingerbread
3939: 1300
3913:Middle Ages
3884:Roman times
3809:Red pudding
3804:Rag pudding
3711:Tibok-tibok
3696:Tavuk göğsü
3641:Put chai ko
3606:Panna cotta
3581:Maja blanca
3546:Kōʻelepālau
3541:Kig ha farz
3491:Herrencreme
3346:Brown Betty
3184:Roast goose
3105:Mulled wine
3085:Champurrado
3080:Apple cider
3054:Bread sauce
3007:Szaloncukor
2987:Pumpkin pie
2937:Gingerbread
2891:Smörgåsbord
2532:Other media
2370:Philippines
2360:New Zealand
2243:Twelve Days
2200:Räuchermann
2155:Nutcrackers
2105:Las Posadas
2065:Decorations
2045:Christingle
1985:Zwarte Piet
1980:Snegurochka
1901:Sinterklaas
1851:Santa Claus
1390:30 December
1222:: 127–155.
1174:25 December
1070:p. 36.
1018:23 December
996:15 February
947:26 December
847:21 December
548:Phoebe Cary
513:Edward VIII
460:New Zealand
444:Eliza Acton
440:East Sussex
399:bag pudding
207:Eliza Acton
137:dried fruit
133:Breadcrumbs
103:New Zealand
5036:Categories
4817:Mary Berry
4765:Rick Stein
4664:Lardy cake
4458:Roast beef
4448:Piccalilli
4280:Mary Eales
4167:Robert May
4096:Fruit fool
3979:Cheesecake
3819:Spoonbread
3721:Ube halaya
3521:Kānga waru
3446:Figgy duff
3331:Blancmange
3321:Bánh chuối
3301:Annin tofu
2912:Candy cane
2861:Joulupöytä
2761:Pikkujoulu
2425:New Mexico
2274:By country
2248:Wassailing
2189:Poinsettia
1996:Traditions
1948:Mrs. Claus
1928:Belsnickel
1881:Julemanden
1876:Joulupukki
1807:Wenceslaus
1772:North Pole
1737:Jack Frost
1727:Christkind
1682:Neapolitan
1505:Boxing Day
1313:0910412308
1100:0671882368
973:21 October
937:foodtolove
875:Dictionary
788:References
622:threepence
558:, candied
544:Alice Cary
310:hard sauce
4898:Exemplars
4704:Exemplars
4649:Eton mess
4513:Exemplars
4438:Marmalade
4264:Exemplars
4136:Exemplars
4049:Exemplars
4004:Mince pie
3964:Apple pie
3949:(c. 1390)
3923:Exemplars
3824:Tiết canh
3789:Moin moin
3706:Tembleque
3576:Mahallebi
3556:Kue lapis
3551:Kue asida
3526:Kazandibi
3436:Eton mess
3199:Tourtière
3189:Romeritos
3126:Dumplings
3073:Beverages
2977:Pecan pie
2967:Panettone
2962:Pampushka
2957:Mince pie
2932:Fruitcake
2876:Réveillon
2756:NFL games
2751:NBA games
2746:In August
2716:Economics
2486:Billboard
2340:Indonesia
2283:Australia
2258:Yule goat
2233:Stockings
2167:Ornaments
1896:Père Noël
1891:Olentzero
1886:Noel Baba
1861:Ded Moroz
1817:Yule Lads
1757:Mari Lwyd
1608:Bethlehem
1485:Christmas
1416:21 August
1360:Christmas
1236:154347413
1137:973718613
897:21 August
712:Panettone
706:Mincemeat
695:Fruitcake
609:pudding.
607:Christmas
507:The Times
491:Leo Amery
456:Australia
417:cartoon,
379:Ancestors
322:ice cream
115:Caribbean
99:Australia
4614:HP Sauce
4463:Sandwich
4453:Pork pie
4325:Ann Cook
4111:Syllabub
3989:Game pie
3899:Sausages
3814:Scrapple
3754:Drisheen
3686:Supangle
3611:Pepeçura
3461:Frumenty
3451:Flummery
3296:Ábrystir
3275:Puddings
3232:Category
3203:meat pie
3194:Stuffing
3148:Varenyky
3017:Yule log
2992:Qurabiya
2866:Julebord
2839:Food and
2766:SantaCon
2731:El Gordo
2618:Yule Log
2390:Scotland
2303:Ethiopia
2288:Colombia
2263:Yule log
2217:Spanbaum
2194:Pyramids
2060:Crackers
1958:Sack Man
1844:folklore
1812:Yule cat
1717:Badalisc
1707:folklore
1618:Epiphany
1384:Archived
1322:28154426
1280:phys.org
916:Archived
877:of 1755.
820:Archived
769:Holidays
700:Frumenty
662:See also
626:sixpence
330:béchamel
298:steaming
265:such as
151:, spices
4986:Related
4858:Crumble
4599:Faggots
4589:Cobbler
4433:Ketchup
4398:Chutney
4331:, 1754)
4297:, 1723)
4175:, 1660)
4163:, 1615)
4151:, 1604)
4101:Pancake
4076:, 1585)
4064:, 1500)
4029:Pottage
3999:Kippers
3984:Custard
3784:Kačamak
3736:Savoury
3656:Rødgrød
3516:Kalamay
3511:Kalamai
3481:Got fan
3376:Chireta
3326:Bebinca
3138:Pierogi
3133:Hallaca
3038:Borscht
3002:Stollen
2972:Pavlova
2947:Makówki
2927:Cozonac
2896:Wigilia
2781:Scrooge
2741:In July
2639:society
2571:Poetry
2405:Ukraine
2380:Romania
2345:Ireland
2335:Iceland
2330:Hungary
2318:Germany
2308:Finland
2298:England
2293:Denmark
2253:Windows
2184:Piñatas
2172:Parades
2125:Markets
2110:Letters
2100:Hampers
1943:Krampus
1782:Perchta
1722:Caganer
1304:herbs..
743:Portals
717:Stollen
588:collect
395:sippets
355:Trinity
345:Legends
340:History
326:custard
255:treacle
199:Britain
191:pudding
145:treacle
95:Ireland
81:England
71:Pudding
48:skimmia
4997:(1954)
4961:Dishes
4826:Dishes
4572:Dishes
4468:Scouse
4443:Parkin
4381:Dishes
4207:Dishes
4106:Scones
4084:Dishes
4009:Mortis
3957:Dishes
3892:Dishes
3769:Haggis
3661:Rožata
3561:Kulolo
3531:Keşkül
3506:Junket
3486:Haupia
3426:Douhua
3306:Ashure
3209:Turkey
3143:Tamale
3100:Kissel
3090:Eggnog
3047:Sauces
3033:Menudo
3012:Turrón
2922:Cookie
2905:Sweets
2871:Kūčios
2852:Dinner
2726:Grinch
2637:modern
2604:Tomten
2563:Santa,
2546:novels
2464:Operas
2452:Carols
2420:Hawaii
2400:Sweden
2395:Serbia
2385:Russia
2375:Poland
2365:Norway
2355:Mexico
2313:France
2228:Stamps
2223:Szopka
2115:Lights
2070:Didukh
1906:Others
1856:Befana
1802:Vertep
1665:in art
1633:Joseph
1583:Advent
1320:
1310:
1286:11 May
1260:11 May
1234:
1135:
1125:
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1045:
781:Liquor
640:flamed
560:citron
466:, and
464:Canada
438:, the
415:Gilray
403:haggis
385:Harley
314:butter
275:porter
259:brandy
228:Basics
218:raisin
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111:Canada
4948:2011)
4803:1999)
4736:1954)
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4564:1861)
4552:1846)
4540:1845)
4528:1806)
4403:Curry
4373:1791)
4364:1788)
4355:1769)
4343:1758)
4321:1747)
4309:1727)
4288:1718)
4276:1714)
4199:1699)
4187:1670)
4014:Pasty
3969:Bacon
3566:Kutia
3536:Kheer
3476:Goody
3311:Asida
3283:Sweet
2942:Kutia
2841:drink
2469:Songs
2443:Music
2350:Italy
2206:Seals
2160:dolls
2090:Gifts
2030:Cards
1933:Elves
1797:Turoń
1767:Nisse
1732:Grýla
1628:Jesus
1232:S2CID
624:or a
442:cook
318:cream
302:holly
271:stout
263:beers
222:plums
141:sugar
52:holly
3631:Po'e
3164:Carp
3026:Soup
2917:Cake
2828:Xmas
2457:list
2238:Tree
2177:list
1638:Mary
1547:Yule
1418:2018
1392:2010
1318:OCLC
1308:ISBN
1288:2022
1262:2022
1201:2024
1176:2016
1133:OCLC
1123:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1020:2008
998:2016
975:2020
949:2015
899:2018
861:The
849:2010
757:Food
556:suet
546:and
359:Magi
267:mild
251:suet
149:suet
67:Type
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