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838:, is the "largest outdoor Christmas market in the UK" as well as the "largest authentic German Christmas market outside of Germany or Austria". The market also offers live entertainment on the main stage. The market is held for approximately six weeks every year and usually closes around 23 December. Manchester's Christmas Markets have also been successful, with 300 stalls over eight city locations, with each location being themed to create a different atmosphere such as French, World, and German, with European-themed stalls on the
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454:. The first "December Market" was held in Vienna in 1298. Vienna holds 20 different Christmas markets around the city. Most Christmas markets open in late November and last through December, closing right after 25 December, with a few staying open for New Year's. The largest Christmas market and one of the most well known is the Vienna Christmas World on
464:, Vienna's historic city hall. The market draws 3 million people each year and includes 150 unique stalls that offer traditional Austrian foods, Christmas decorations and ornaments, handicrafts, and drinks. The Vienna Christmas World on Rathausplatz also features an advent theme park called the
492:,” takes place in front of the imperial palace. It features Austrian handicrafts and goods as well as a cultural program with activities and workshops. The Art Advent on Karlsplatz offers artisan goods, a children's program, and a petting zoo. Popular food specialities include
241:
Since around the first half of the 20th century, markets have become an integral element of pre-Christmas customs. A revival took place in the mid-1990s. Many cities in Europe have established their own
Christmas market with chalets and sometimes attractions (ephemeral
671:, held for the first time in the 18th century and linked to the feast of Saint Lucia. The tradition of the markets has however spread in Italy predominantly especially since the 1990s, with the birth of the first modern markets: among these, the first ever was that of
792:, England, established an annual Christmas market in early December. This remains one of the most extensive such market by area in the United Kingdom, with a claimed total of over 300 stalls attracting more than 100,000 visitors over its four days. Starting in 1997,
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with workshops and cultural performances that cater to families and young children. Visitors to the Vienna
Christmas World can also ice skate on a 3,000-square-metre (32,000 sq ft) ice rink and on frozen paths that run through the Rathausplatz Park.
121:(German language, literally meaning "Christ child market"). Traditionally held in the town square, the market offers food, drinks and seasonal items for sale from open-air stalls, accompanied by traditional singing and dancing. On opening night at the
288:
630:, making them popular tourist attractions during the Christmas holiday season. The Nuremberg and Dresden markets draw about two million people each year; the Stuttgart and Frankfurt markets attract more than three million visitors.
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This new, non-traditional type was inaugurated with the Munich "Pink
Christmas Market" in 2005. Subsequently the idea spread out through other German cities (such as Berlin and Hamburg) and worldwide (e.g. in
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382:(an egg-based warm alcoholic drink) - both a highlight of the market for many visitors. Both help stave off the cold winter air which sometimes dips below freezing. More regional food specialties include
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has been famous for centuries, the exhibition of the nativity scenes made in the city's artisan shops is held every year in via San
Gregorio Armeno. Noteworthy are the Christmas markets at
90:
was first held in 1434 and one of the first true
Christmas markets; earlier markets of the season were "December markets". Early mentions of these "December markets" can be found in
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2507:"Pink Christmas originated from an idea in the gay scene. The pink pleasure combines the needs of this specific audience with the traditional values of a Christmas market." (
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550:
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market" to sell the little things that children received as
Christmas gifts. There were also stands selling roasted chestnuts, nuts and almonds. A Saint Nicholas market in
153:
sales fairs and—often one-day—markets, which gave citizens the opportunity to stock up on meat and winter necessities at the beginning of the cold season. In 1296,
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820:(since 2006). The Christmas markets are such a success that they are becoming a major pull factor to increase trade and visitor numbers to towns and cities.
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Similarly, Christmas markets (aka
Christkindlsmarkt) are common during Advent, a Reformation era tradition that has spread from Germany to other countries.
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Over time, the tradition spread throughout the German-speaking world. The first document reporting a
Christmas market is dated 1434 during the reign of
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1996:
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In the 14th century, the custom arose of allowing craftsmen such as toy makers, basket weavers and confectioners to set up stalls under the name "
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53:. These markets originated in Germany, but are now held in many countries. Some in the U.S. have adapted the name to the quasi-German
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with 4 million people. Additionally, Berlin claims more than 70 markets, which open in late
November and close just after Christmas.
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German immigrants carried
Christmas market celebrations to the United States. It is celebrated in such cities as
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The first traces of Christmas markets in the German-speaking part of Europe and in many parts of the former
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the right to hold a free meat market on Saturdays from St. Michael's Day (29 September) until Christmas.
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78:, which included many eastern regions of modern France. They became a popular Advent custom during the
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2299:"Manchester Christmas Markets 2012: A guide to the city's festive stalls - Manchester Evening News"
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2325:"Mapped: Manchester set for 'biggest and best ever' Christmas markets - Manchester Evening News"
238:(current Place du Château) and took place eight days before Christmas and until midnight mass.
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German American Chamber of Commerce of the Midwest, 17 November 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2007
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2023:"Mercatini di Natale a Bologna e in Emilia-Romagna: dove sono e le regole per visitarli"
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was first mentioned in a document in 1310. In 1384, King Wenceslas granted the town of
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As noted, other countries have also established such markets. The Christmas market of
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traders the privilege of holding a "December market" to supply the local population.
87:
42:
1639:(in German), Herder Verlag, Freiburg/Basel/Vienna, 2001, ISBN 3-451-27702-6, p. 147.
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2396:
German American Chamber of Commerce Colorado Chapter. (2006). Retrieved 8 July 2007
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2273:"Frankfurt Christmas Market Birmingham | 15 November 2018 to 23 December 2018"
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751:
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607:
570:, France, and most of the towns there have their local Christmas market.
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1597:
Die stillste Nacht. Das Fest der Geburt Jesu von den Anfängen bis heute
1492:"Geschichte des Wiener Christkindlmarkts - Weihnachts- und Adventmarkt"
1120:
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in the German-speaking part of Europe and in many parts of the former
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435:
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Christmas markets are popular traditions in Austria, and are held in
427:
373:
317:
263:
169:
158:
137:, but often depicted as an angel-like girl), acted by a local child.
110:
91:
50:
33:, Germany, is one of the most famous Christmas markets in the world.
2439:
German-American Society of Tulsa, 1 May 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2007
2349:
4096:
2782:
1912:
1566:"Frankfurt Christmas Markets in Great Britain | Frankfurt Tourism"
1136:
894:
863:
805:
735:
667:
In Italy, the oldest Christmas market is considered to be that of
654:
589:
578:," around its cathedral since 1570, when the city was part of the
549:
421:
344:(candied, toasted almonds), traditional Christmas cookies such as
311:
113:
is usually ushered in with the opening of the Christmas market or
2248:"These are the dates for Birmingham German Christmas Market 2018"
1702:
4318:
3982:
2700:
2487:
1200:
1024:
949:
743:
719:
451:
447:
2611:
633:
The two most visited Christmas markets in Germany are found in
472:
Other famous Christmas markets include the Christmas Market at
117:. In southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria, it is called a
1637:
Feiern, Feste, Jahreszeiten. Lebendige Bräuche im ganzen Jahr.
893:
A traditional Christmas market was held for the first time in
2272:
2177:"Alla scoperta dei 10 mercatini di Natale più belli d'Italia"
812:. Other large Christmas markets have been held in England in
2607:
2221:"Frankfurt Christmas Markets Great Britain Scotland England"
1676:"ÄLTESTER WEIHNACHTSMARKT | REKORD-INSTITUT für DEUTSCHLAND"
675:, born in 1991, which was followed by others in the area of
1970:"Weihnachtsmärkte: Köln ist Publikumsmagnet : Topnews"
1392:"German Christmas markets: Seasonal shopping at its finest"
2483:
602:, Germany, one of the first Christmas markets in the world
199:("Christ Child market") to combat the cult of saints. The
16:
Street market associated with the celebration of Christmas
1819:"Visit Top Christmas Markets (Weihnachtsmarkt) in Vienna"
392:), a sort of bread with candied fruit in Saxony, and hot
1611:"Teil 10: Die ältesten Weihnachtsmärkte der Welt - WELT"
316:
Traditional gingerbread hearts at a Christmas market in
980:
702:
Christmas market, established in 1993, is renowned in
1728:"Nuremberg Christmas Market - christkindlesmarkt.de"
109:
In many towns in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria,
4311:
4280:
4227:
4201:
4180:
4059:
4004:
3991:
3789:
3684:
3595:
3426:
3148:
3069:
2980:
2857:
2711:
606:Famous Christmas markets are held in the cities of
506:(a Hungarian pastry coated in cinnamon and sugar),
2327:. Menmedia.co.uk. 2 November 2012. Archived from
1599:(in German). Freiburg i.Br.: Herder. p. 141.
250:, etc.), thus offering a more commercial market.
125:, and in some other towns, onlookers welcome the
796:were established with support from Frankfurt in
2509:Official website „Pink Christmas, FAQ, English“
1795:"Christmas Market on the Main Square in Krakow"
1545:"Weihnachtsmarkt in Bautzen - Weihnachten 2016"
910:, the "Fraser Valley Queer Christmas Market").
324:Popular attractions at the markets include the
2532:"Winter Pride Christmas Market" on hamburg.com
2199:"Mercatini di Natale 2023: la nostra wishlist"
1756:(in French), Levrault, Strasbourg, 1840, p. 58
488:. The Christmas Market at Schönbrunn Palace, “
4454:1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
4414:1430s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2623:
1386:
1384:
842:, Manchester proving to be the most popular.
8:
2572:German-American Life: Recipes and Traditions
1878:"Vienna Christmas Market Guide and Map 2018"
1355:
1353:
542:(Austrian gingerbread), and baked potatoes.
2155:"I MERCATINI DI NATALE PIÙ BELLI IN ITALIA"
2067:"Mercatini originali Alto Adige - Südtirol"
191:on the Monday before Christmas. Later, the
4001:
2630:
2616:
2608:
1959:Stuttgart Marketing. Retrieved 8 July 2007
203:Christmas market dates from 1570, that of
2111:"San Gregorio Armeno, la via dei Presepi"
1467:"Christmas Markets in Germany and Europe"
332:(figures made of decorated dried plums),
294:Depiction of the Christmas market on the
2559:"A Visit to Germany's Christmas Markets"
2223:. Frankfurt-tourismus.de. Archived from
2133:"Il Mercatino di Natale a piazza Navona"
1364:. Oxford University Press. p. 151.
20:
2354:ArtsQuest (2006). Retrieved 8 July 2007
1349:
1281:
917:
252:
195:continued the tradition by renaming it
574:has been holding a Christmas market, "
278:Litography of the Christmas market in
3960:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2449:https://www.christkindlmarkt-slc.com/
1938:Stadt Nürnberg. Retrieved 8 July 2007
1842:
1840:
1813:
1811:
1764:
1762:
1754:Description de la ville de Strasbourg
1323:
566:Christmas markets are traditional in
262:Engraving of the Christmas market in
7:
2521:"Christmas Avenue" on visitberlin.de
2246:Bentley, David (20 September 2018).
1461:
1459:
1457:
886:. It has been held in the square of
45:associated with the celebration of
1995:Innes said... (26 December 2011).
1572:. 27 December 2014. Archived from
1524:. Austrian National Tourist Office
522:(chocolate covered marshmallows),
14:
4419:Christmas events and celebrations
2297:Denise Evans (18 November 2012).
1260:Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot
4381:
4380:
3836:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3731:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2596:
2584:
2408:"Mifflinburg Christkindl Market"
2301:. Menmedia.co.uk. Archived from
1999:. On London Time. Archived from
1362:The Oxford Handbook of Christmas
1243:
1229:
1215:
1192:
1176:
1160:
1144:
1128:
1112:
1093:
1073:
1057:
1032:
1012:
996:
973:
957:
941:
920:
287:
271:
255:
218:) of Strasbourg was held at the
2089:"Mercatini di Natale di Trento"
484:, and the Christmas Village on
426:Advent and Christmas market in
123:Christkindlesmarkt in Nuremberg
3816:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3745:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3128:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2907:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2201:(in Italian). 10 November 2022
2025:(in Italian). 16 November 2021
1997:"Top Berlin Christmas Markets"
1543:Darmstadt, IDL Software GmbH.
282:, Germany, in the 19th century
70:Christmas markets date to the
1:
4449:1298 establishments in Europe
4409:1434 establishments in Europe
3767:Christmas television specials
3666:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2753:Annunciation to the shepherds
2488:"Târgul de Crăciun din Sibiu"
1770:"Christmas Markets in Vienna"
1703:"Marché de Noël à Strasbourg"
1682:(in German). 10 December 2016
1617:(in German). 19 November 2020
1522:"Christmas markets in Vienna"
824:Birmingham's Christmas Market
710:, where the tradition of the
3821:Christmas and holiday season
2604:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1972:. Topnews.de. Archived from
1420:"The Christkindlmarket 2022"
528:(bread with candied fruit),
2574:, Iowa City: Penfield Press
1498:(in German). Archived from
1325:[ˈvaɪ̯naxt͡sˌmaʁkt]
794:Frankfurt Christmas Markets
518:(savory deep fried dough),
480:, the Christmas Village at
372:(with or without a shot of
119:"Christkind(e)l(s)(i)markt"
4470:
2733:Adoration of the Shepherds
2351:CHRISTKINDLMARKT BETHLEHEM
1949:Stuttgart Christmas Market
1135:Sibiu Christmas market in
781:
648:
490:Kultur-und-Weihnachtsmarkt
410:
4376:
3977:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3738:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3659:The Oxford Book of Carols
3235:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2798:Massacre of the Innocents
2647:
2386:Denver Christkindl Market
2365:Christkindlmarket Chicago
1732:www.christkindlesmarkt.de
1471:The German Way & More
712:Neapolitan nativity scene
536:(roasted potato wedges),
496:(a non-alcoholic punch),
413:List of Christmas markets
210:In the 19th century, the
49:during the four weeks of
3779:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2435:17 December 2007 at the
2045:"30 anni e non sentirli"
1935:Christmas City Nuremberg
1752:P. J. Fargès-Méricourt,
1635:Manfred Becker-Huberti:
1360:Larsen, Timothy (2020).
1265:2016 Berlin truck attack
1103:("Christmas market") in
1080:Christmas market at the
832:Bullring shopping centre
155:Duke Albert I of Austria
3941:Small Business Saturday
3811:Black Friday (shopping)
3806:Black Friday (partying)
3300:Nine Lessons and Carols
3230:Events and celebrations
2484:http://www.graffino.com
2392:4 December 2020 at the
1595:Wahle, Stephan (2018).
981:
901:Queer Christmas markets
878:starts on 13 December,
826:, primarily located on
407:Major Christmas markets
236:Œuvre Notre-Dame Museum
3585:Post-War United States
1920:17 August 2007 at the
1270:2018 Strasbourg attack
664:
603:
582:of the German Nation.
563:
431:
321:
308:Attractions and stalls
223:
187:, which took place in
181:Frederick II of Saxony
34:
3634:Hit singles in the US
3629:Hit singles in the UK
3190:Carols by Candlelight
3118:Santa Claus' daughter
2726:Adoration of the Magi
2429:Christkindlmarkt 2007
1955:22 April 2008 at the
1924:Retrieved 8 July 2007
1852:VIENNA – Now. Forever
658:
593:
553:
532:(roasted chestnuts),
486:Maria-Theresien-Platz
425:
315:
228:Cathedral of Our Lady
24:
4439:Christmas traditions
4434:Christmas in Germany
4429:Christmas in Austria
3926:Santa's Candy Castle
3250:Google Santa Tracker
2593:at Wikimedia Commons
2371:3 March 2007 at the
1199:Christmas market in
1183:Christmas market at
1167:Christmas market in
1151:Christmas market in
1119:Christmas market in
1064:Christmas market in
1019:Christmas market at
1003:Christmas market in
964:Christmas market in
948:Christmas market in
897:, Romania, in 2007.
884:Fira de Santa Llúcia
764:Santa Maria Maggiore
659:Christmas market in
476:, the Art Advent on
354:(both forms of soft
328:(a crèche or crib),
3931:Santa Claus Village
3846:Christmas Mountains
3752:Journey of the Magi
2758:Baptism of the Lord
1848:"Christmas markets"
1680:rekord-institut.org
1576:on 27 December 2014
1570:Frankfurt Tourismus
1502:on 16 February 2020
1441:"Christkindlmarket"
1237:Christianity portal
1107:, Stockholm, Sweden
888:Barcelona Cathedral
679:, in particular in
512:(potato pancakes),
4444:History of Dresden
4041:Twelve-dish supper
3891:Jews and Christmas
3841:Christmas Lectures
3570:American Civil War
3305:NORAD Tracks Santa
2681:Saint Nicholas Day
2570:Zug, J.D. (1991):
2331:on 5 November 2012
2305:on 22 October 2012
1707:noel.strasbourg.eu
1400:. 11 November 2012
1304:Christkindlesmarkt
983:Christkindelsmärik
929:Tallinna Jõuluturg
772:Cison di Valmarino
665:
651:Christmas in Italy
604:
576:Christkindelsmärik
564:
556:Christkindelsmärik
432:
322:
212:Christkindelsmärik
35:
27:Christkindlesmarkt
4424:Christmas markets
4396:
4395:
4372:
4371:
4036:Thirteen desserts
3956:Virginia O'Hanlon
3801:Advent Conspiracy
3715:Films (Christmas,
3707:A Christmas Carol
3652:Carols for Choirs
3195:Cavalcade of Magi
3175:Boar's Head Feast
2844:Star of Bethlehem
2815:Nativity of Jesus
2803:flight into Egypt
2688:St. Stephen's Day
2602:Christmas markets
2591:Christmas markets
2589:Media related to
2277:www.thebfcm.co.uk
1914:Noël à Strasbourg
1902:Christmas markets
1823:European Traveler
1371:978-0-19-883146-4
1310:Christkindlimarkt
1041:Tuomaan Markkinat
908:Greater Vancouver
816:(since 2000) and
784:Winter wonderland
580:Holy Roman Empire
474:Schönbrunn Palace
342:Gebrannte Mandeln
147:Holy Roman Empire
115:"Weihnachtsmarkt"
76:Holy Roman Empire
56:Christkindlmarket
4461:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4219:Redcurrant sauce
4008:
4002:
3997:
3971:Winter festivals
3721:Christmas horror
3688:
3599:
3430:
3285:Meals and feasts
3205:Christmas jumper
3152:
3123:Santa's reindeer
3075:
3021:Father Christmas
2985:
2942:Santa's workshop
2863:
2825:in later culture
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2588:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:Christmas Market
2457:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2347:
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2336:
2321:
2315:
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2294:
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2237:
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2217:
2211:
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2208:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:on 11 March 2012
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1882:Vienna Unwrapped
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1854:. Archived from
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1825:. 12 August 2017
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1785:
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1780:
1766:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1701:Thuria, Agence.
1698:
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1437:
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1407:
1405:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1357:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1291:Christkindlmarkt
1286:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1196:
1180:
1164:
1148:
1132:
1116:
1097:
1077:
1061:
1036:
1016:
1000:
986:
977:
961:
945:
924:
882:, and is called
880:Saint Lucy's Day
482:Belvedere Palace
330:Zwetschgenmännle
291:
275:
259:
224:Cour aux Corvées
197:Christkindlmarkt
72:Late Middle Ages
39:Christmas market
4469:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4368:
4334:Pickled herring
4307:
4276:
4223:
4214:Cranberry sauce
4197:
4176:
4152:Red velvet cake
4137:Poppy seed roll
4055:
4006:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3966:White Christmas
3856:Christmas truce
3851:Christmas seals
3831:Christmas creep
3793:
3791:
3785:
3686:
3680:
3597:
3591:
3428:
3422:
3275:Lord of Misrule
3210:Christmas Peace
3160:Advent calendar
3150:
3144:
3093:Knecht Ruprecht
3073:
3071:
3065:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2778:Herod the Great
2713:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2581:
2567:7 December 2006
2554:
2552:Further reading
2549:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2437:Wayback Machine
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2394:Wayback Machine
2383:
2379:
2373:Wayback Machine
2362:
2358:
2348:
2344:
2334:
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2048:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1976:on 12 June 2017
1968:
1967:
1963:
1957:Wayback Machine
1946:
1942:
1932:
1928:
1922:Wayback Machine
1911:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1858:on 8 March 2021
1846:
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1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:The Independent
1390:
1389:
1382:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1316:Weihnachtsmarkt
1287:
1283:
1278:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1223:Holidays portal
1221:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1185:Waddesdon Manor
1181:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1098:
1089:
1078:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1037:
1028:
1017:
1008:
1001:
992:
978:
969:
962:
953:
946:
937:
925:
916:
903:
872:
870:Other countries
848:
786:
780:
653:
647:
588:
548:
509:Kartoffelpuffer
420:
415:
409:
310:
303:
292:
283:
276:
267:
266:, Germany, 1796
260:
183:, mentioning a
143:
59:, substituting
17:
12:
11:
5:
4467:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
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4393:
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4370:
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4366:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4265:Smoking Bishop
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
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4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
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4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
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4129:
4124:
4119:
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4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
3999:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3948:
3946:Super Saturday
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Giving Tuesday
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3826:Christmas club
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3724:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3692:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:Piae Cantiones
3669:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3639:Music charts (
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
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3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3424:
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3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3319:
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3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Père Fouettard
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3074:Saint Nicholas
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Grandpa Indian
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2994:Saint Nicholas
2990:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2932:Old Man Winter
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Miner's figure
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Kallikantzaros
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2832:Nativity scene
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2667:Children's Day
2663:
2656:
2653:Blue Christmas
2648:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2594:
2580:
2579:External links
2577:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2564:Spiegel Online
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2535:
2524:
2513:
2500:
2474:
2463:
2452:
2441:
2420:
2398:
2377:
2356:
2342:
2316:
2289:
2264:
2252:birminghammail
2238:
2227:on 10 May 2013
2212:
2190:
2168:
2146:
2124:
2102:
2080:
2058:
2036:
2014:
1987:
1961:
1940:
1926:
1905:
1894:
1869:
1836:
1807:
1786:
1758:
1745:
1719:
1693:
1667:
1650:"Wenzelsmarkt"
1641:
1628:
1602:
1587:
1557:
1535:
1513:
1496:www.wien.gv.at
1483:
1453:
1432:
1411:
1380:
1370:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1288:Also known as
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1251:Germany portal
1240:
1226:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1166:
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1134:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1111:
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1070:
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1056:
1054:
1038:
1031:
1029:
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1011:
1009:
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993:
979:
972:
970:
963:
956:
954:
947:
940:
938:
926:
919:
915:
912:
902:
899:
871:
868:
860:Salt Lake City
847:
844:
782:Main article:
779:
778:United Kingdom
776:
646:
643:
587:
584:
547:
544:
419:
416:
408:
405:
326:Nativity Scene
309:
306:
305:
304:
302:, France, 1859
293:
286:
284:
277:
270:
268:
261:
254:
226:) between the
166:Saint Nicholas
142:
139:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4466:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
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4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
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4407:
4406:
4404:
4389:
4379:
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4365:
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4359:
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4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:Meat and fish
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Hot chocolate
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
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4226:
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4013:
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4009:
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4000:
3998:
3990:
3984:
3981:
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3951:Ugly sweaters
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3861:Controversies
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3696:In literature
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3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Moravian star
3293:
3291:
3290:Midnight Mass
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
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3268:
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3180:Candle arches
3178:
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3170:Advent wreath
3168:
3166:
3165:Advent candle
3163:
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3072:Companions of
3068:
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2984:Gift-bringers
2979:
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2849:Twelfth Night
2847:
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2834:
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2830:
2826:
2823:
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2818:
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2811:
2810:Nativity Fast
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
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2779:
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2769:
2768:Christmastide
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Angel Gabriel
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:Biblical Magi
2719:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2674:Christmas Eve
2671:
2669:
2664:
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2657:
2655:
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2649:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2628:
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2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2557:Bakst, Alex:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2543:Facebook site
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2489:
2486:), Graffino.
2485:
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2090:
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2081:
2068:
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2059:
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2040:
2037:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1958:
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1937:
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1930:
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1096:
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1067:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:Senate Square
1043:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Piazza Navona
1015:
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985:
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869:
867:
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846:United States
845:
843:
841:
840:Albert Square
837:
836:Council House
833:
829:
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821:
819:
815:
811:
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803:
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716:Piazza Navona
713:
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652:
644:
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631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
601:
597:
596:Striezelmarkt
592:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
561:
557:
552:
545:
543:
541:
540:
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534:Bratkartoffel
531:
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402:
401:
395:
391:
390:
385:
384:Christstollen
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
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314:
307:
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297:
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285:
281:
274:
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258:
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237:
233:
229:
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217:
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208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Striezelmarkt
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:late medieval
148:
140:
138:
136:
132:
130:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:Striezelmarkt
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:
43:street market
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4324:Gefilte fish
4272:Ponche crema
4107:Melomakarono
3975:
3866:Cyber Monday
3771:
3736:
3705:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3647:Music books
3640:
3478:Nazi Germany
3370:
3366:Secret Santa
3353:
3279:
3240:Flying Santa
2947:Tió de Nadal
2897:Korvatunturi
2748:Annunciation
2714:Christianity
2695:Sol Invictus
2571:
2563:
2538:
2527:
2516:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2477:
2466:
2455:
2444:
2428:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2401:
2385:
2380:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2251:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2179:(in Italian)
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2157:(in Italian)
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2135:(in Italian)
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2113:(in Italian)
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2091:(in Italian)
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2069:(in Italian)
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2047:(in Italian)
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1964:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1913:
1908:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1851:
1827:. Retrieved
1822:
1798:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:
1753:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:Wenzelsmarkt
1653:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1569:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:the original
1495:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1444:. Retrieved
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1395:
1375:
1361:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1297:Christ Child
1295:
1294:(literally:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1100:
1039:
927:
904:
892:
890:since 1786.
883:
873:
849:
830:between the
822:
793:
787:
697:
666:
632:
605:
565:
537:
533:
529:
523:
519:
513:
508:
503:Baumstriezel
502:
497:
494:Kinderpunsch
493:
489:
471:
466:Adventzauber
465:
460:
456:Rathausplatz
433:
400:Bethmännchen
398:Frankfurter
397:
387:
383:
377:
363:
351:
345:
341:
333:
329:
323:
296:Place Kléber
248:Ferris wheel
240:
232:Palais Rohan
219:
211:
209:
196:
184:
178:
163:
157:granted the
144:
133:(originally
126:
118:
114:
108:
102:(1384), and
69:
64:
60:
55:
54:
38:
36:
18:
4339:Roast goose
4260:Mulled wine
4240:Champurrado
4235:Apple cider
4209:Bread sauce
4162:Szaloncukor
4142:Pumpkin pie
4092:Gingerbread
4046:Smörgåsbord
3687:Other media
3525:Philippines
3515:New Zealand
3398:Twelve Days
3355:Räuchermann
3310:Nutcrackers
3260:Las Posadas
3220:Decorations
3200:Christingle
3140:Zwarte Piet
3135:Snegurochka
3056:Sinterklaas
3006:Santa Claus
2493:25 December
2413:25 December
1738:24 December
1734:(in German)
1712:24 December
1686:24 December
1660:24 December
1656:(in German)
1550:25 December
1446:31 December
1425:31 December
732:Alberobello
458:, near the
370:mulled wine
356:gingerbread
338:Nutcrackers
334:Nussknacker
207:from 1628.
193:Reformation
149:go back to
80:Reformation
63:for German
4403:Categories
4067:Candy cane
4016:Joulupöytä
3916:Pikkujoulu
3580:New Mexico
3429:By country
3403:Wassailing
3344:Poinsettia
3151:Traditions
3103:Mrs. Claus
3083:Belsnickel
3036:Julemanden
3031:Joulupukki
2962:Wenceslaus
2927:North Pole
2892:Jack Frost
2882:Christkind
2837:Neapolitan
2660:Boxing Day
2282:5 November
2257:5 November
2205:6 February
2183:6 February
2161:6 February
2139:30 January
2117:5 December
2095:5 December
2073:5 December
2051:1 December
2029:1 December
1580:30 October
1506:30 October
1476:30 October
1404:8 December
1344:References
1171:, Austria
1105:Gamla stan
1101:Julmarknad
1082:Red Square
989:Strasbourg
828:New Street
810:Manchester
798:Birmingham
685:Bressanone
677:Alto Adige
649:See also:
572:Strasbourg
560:Strasbourg
520:Schaumkuss
478:Karlsplatz
411:See also:
403:in Hesse.
379:Eierpunsch
300:Strasbourg
201:Strasbourg
129:Christkind
4354:Tourtière
4344:Romeritos
4281:Dumplings
4228:Beverages
4132:Pecan pie
4122:Panettone
4117:Pampushka
4112:Mince pie
4087:Fruitcake
4031:Réveillon
3911:NFL games
3906:NBA games
3901:In August
3871:Economics
3641:Billboard
3495:Indonesia
3438:Australia
3413:Yule goat
3388:Stockings
3322:Ornaments
3051:Père Noël
3046:Olentzero
3041:Noel Baba
3016:Ded Moroz
2972:Yule Lads
2912:Mari Lwyd
2763:Bethlehem
2640:Christmas
1887:31 August
1862:31 August
1829:31 August
1779:31 August
1621:4 January
1139:, Romania
1123:, Germany
1052:, Finland
1007:, Germany
952:, Germany
936:, Estonia
876:Barcelona
818:Liverpool
802:Edinburgh
788:In 1982,
628:Stuttgart
624:Nuremberg
620:Frankfurt
539:Lebkuchen
444:Innsbruck
430:, Austria
394:Apfelwein
360:Bratwurst
352:Magenbrot
347:Lebkuchen
320:, Germany
280:Nuremberg
222:(French:
205:Nuremberg
135:boy Jesus
104:Frankfurt
47:Christmas
31:Nuremberg
4387:Category
4358:meat pie
4349:Stuffing
4303:Varenyky
4172:Yule log
4147:Qurabiya
4021:Julebord
3994:Food and
3921:SantaCon
3886:El Gordo
3773:Yule Log
3545:Scotland
3458:Ethiopia
3443:Colombia
3418:Yule log
3372:Spanbaum
3349:Pyramids
3215:Crackers
3113:Sack Man
2999:folklore
2967:Yule cat
2872:Badalisc
2862:folklore
2773:Epiphany
2433:Archived
2406:Donner.
2390:Archived
2369:Archived
1953:Archived
1918:Archived
1615:DIE WELT
1209:See also
1203:, Latvia
1155:, Poland
1088:, Russia
1050:Helsinki
991:, France
968:, France
834:and the
752:Florence
704:Trentino
689:Vipiteno
635:Dortmund
608:Augsburg
562:, France
498:Glühwein
440:Salzburg
365:Glühwein
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244:ice rink
234:and the
220:Frohnhof
216:Alsatian
159:Viennese
106:(1393).
98:(1310),
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4293:Pierogi
4288:Hallaca
4193:Borscht
4157:Stollen
4127:Pavlova
4102:Makówki
4082:Cozonac
4051:Wigilia
3936:Scrooge
3896:In July
3794:society
3726:Poetry
3560:Ukraine
3535:Romania
3500:Ireland
3490:Iceland
3485:Hungary
3473:Germany
3463:Finland
3453:England
3448:Denmark
3408:Windows
3339:Piñatas
3327:Parades
3280:Markets
3265:Letters
3255:Hampers
3098:Krampus
2937:Perchta
2877:Caganer
2471:History
1774:Austria
1528:2 April
1321:German:
1153:Wrocław
1121:Cologne
1068:, Italy
1066:Bolzano
1044:at the
1027:, Italy
934:Tallinn
914:Gallery
852:Chicago
790:Lincoln
770:and in
760:Livigno
756:Trieste
693:Brunico
673:Bolzano
669:Bologna
663:, Italy
639:Cologne
612:Dresden
600:Dresden
586:Germany
525:Stollen
461:Rathaus
418:Austria
389:Stollen
189:Dresden
174:Bautzen
141:History
100:Bautzen
84:Dresden
4364:Turkey
4298:Tamale
4255:Kissel
4245:Eggnog
4202:Sauces
4188:Menudo
4167:Turrón
4077:Cookie
4060:Sweets
4026:Kūčios
4007:Dinner
3881:Grinch
3792:modern
3759:Tomten
3718:Santa,
3701:novels
3619:Operas
3607:Carols
3575:Hawaii
3555:Sweden
3550:Serbia
3540:Russia
3530:Poland
3520:Norway
3510:Mexico
3468:France
3383:Stamps
3378:Szopka
3270:Lights
3225:Didukh
3061:Others
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2957:Vertep
2820:in art
2788:Joseph
2738:Advent
1800:4 June
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1299:Market
1169:Vienna
1086:Moscow
1005:Erfurt
966:Colmar
862:, and
856:Denver
808:, and
748:Arezzo
740:Torino
728:Gubbio
724:Verona
708:Naples
700:Trento
681:Merano
661:Merano
626:, and
616:Erfurt
568:Alsace
546:France
530:Maroni
515:Lángos
450:, and
436:Vienna
428:Leoben
376:), or
374:brandy
368:, hot
362:, and
318:Berlin
264:Berlin
230:, the
170:Munich
111:Advent
96:Munich
92:Vienna
61:market
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4097:Kutia
3996:drink
3624:Songs
3598:Music
3505:Italy
3361:Seals
3315:dolls
3245:Gifts
3185:Cards
3088:Elves
2952:Turoń
2922:Nisse
2887:Grýla
2783:Jesus
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2309:6 May
2231:6 May
2007:6 May
1980:6 May
1276:Notes
1258:2000
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864:Tulsa
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762:, in
758:, in
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4072:Cake
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3612:list
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3332:list
2793:Mary
2702:Yule
2495:2016
2415:2016
2337:2013
2311:2013
2284:2018
2259:2018
2233:2013
2207:2024
2185:2024
2163:2024
2141:2024
2119:2021
2097:2021
2075:2021
2053:2021
2031:2021
2009:2013
1982:2013
1889:2018
1864:2018
1831:2018
1802:2020
1781:2018
1740:2023
1714:2023
1688:2023
1662:2023
1623:2024
1582:2019
1552:2016
1530:2017
1508:2019
1478:2019
1448:2022
1427:2022
1406:2016
1366:ISBN
1201:Riga
1187:, UK
1025:Rome
950:Jena
814:Bath
768:Arco
744:Asti
720:Rome
698:The
691:and
594:The
554:The
452:Graz
448:Linz
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