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465:. The first "December Market" was held in Vienna in 1298. Vienna holds 20 different Christmas markets around the city. Most Christmas markets open in late November and last through December, closing right after 25 December, with a few staying open for New Year's. The largest Christmas market and one of the most well known is the Vienna Christmas World on
475:, Vienna's historic city hall. The market draws 3 million people each year and includes 150 unique stalls that offer traditional Austrian foods, Christmas decorations and ornaments, handicrafts, and drinks. The Vienna Christmas World on Rathausplatz also features an advent theme park called the
503:,” takes place in front of the imperial palace. It features Austrian handicrafts and goods as well as a cultural program with activities and workshops. The Art Advent on Karlsplatz offers artisan goods, a children's program, and a petting zoo. Popular food specialities include
252:
Since around the first half of the 20th century, markets have become an integral element of pre-Christmas customs. A revival took place in the mid-1990s. Many cities in Europe have established their own
Christmas market with chalets and sometimes attractions (ephemeral
682:, held for the first time in the 18th century and linked to the feast of Saint Lucia. The tradition of the markets has however spread in Italy predominantly especially since the 1990s, with the birth of the first modern markets: among these, the first ever was that of
803:, England, established an annual Christmas market in early December. This remains one of the most extensive such market by area in the United Kingdom, with a claimed total of over 300 stalls attracting more than 100,000 visitors over its four days. Starting in 1997,
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with workshops and cultural performances that cater to families and young children. Visitors to the Vienna
Christmas World can also ice skate on a 3,000-square-metre (32,000 sq ft) ice rink and on frozen paths that run through the Rathausplatz Park.
132:(German language, literally meaning "Christ child market"). Traditionally held in the town square, the market offers food, drinks and seasonal items for sale from open-air stalls, accompanied by traditional singing and dancing. On opening night at the
299:
641:, making them popular tourist attractions during the Christmas holiday season. The Nuremberg and Dresden markets draw about two million people each year; the Stuttgart and Frankfurt markets attract more than three million visitors.
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This new, non-traditional type was inaugurated with the Munich "Pink
Christmas Market" in 2005. Subsequently the idea spread out through other German cities (such as Berlin and Hamburg) and worldwide (e.g. in
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393:(an egg-based warm alcoholic drink) - both a highlight of the market for many visitors. Both help stave off the cold winter air which sometimes dips below freezing. More regional food specialties include
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has been famous for centuries, the exhibition of the nativity scenes made in the city's artisan shops is held every year in via San
Gregorio Armeno. Noteworthy are the Christmas markets at
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was first held in 1434 and one of the first true
Christmas markets; earlier markets of the season were "December markets". Early mentions of these "December markets" can be found in
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2518:"Pink Christmas originated from an idea in the gay scene. The pink pleasure combines the needs of this specific audience with the traditional values of a Christmas market." (
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market" to sell the little things that children received as
Christmas gifts. There were also stands selling roasted chestnuts, nuts and almonds. A Saint Nicholas market in
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sales fairs and—often one-day—markets, which gave citizens the opportunity to stock up on meat and winter necessities at the beginning of the cold season. In 1296,
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831:(since 2006). The Christmas markets are such a success that they are becoming a major pull factor to increase trade and visitor numbers to towns and cities.
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Similarly, Christmas markets (aka
Christkindlsmarkt) are common during Advent, a Reformation era tradition that has spread from Germany to other countries.
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Over time, the tradition spread throughout the German-speaking world. The first document reporting a
Christmas market is dated 1434 during the reign of
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2007:
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In the 14th century, the custom arose of allowing craftsmen such as toy makers, basket weavers and confectioners to set up stalls under the name "
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64:. These markets originated in Germany, but are now held in many countries. Some in the U.S. have adapted the name to the quasi-German
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with 4 million people. Additionally, Berlin claims more than 70 markets, which open in late
November and close just after Christmas.
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German immigrants carried
Christmas market celebrations to the United States. It is celebrated in such cities as
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The first traces of Christmas markets in the German-speaking part of Europe and in many parts of the former
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the right to hold a free meat market on Saturdays from St. Michael's Day (29 September) until Christmas.
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89:, which included many eastern regions of modern France. They became a popular Advent custom during the
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2310:"Manchester Christmas Markets 2012: A guide to the city's festive stalls - Manchester Evening News"
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2336:"Mapped: Manchester set for 'biggest and best ever' Christmas markets - Manchester Evening News"
249:(current Place du Château) and took place eight days before Christmas and until midnight mass.
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German American Chamber of Commerce of the Midwest, 17 November 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2007
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2034:"Mercatini di Natale a Bologna e in Emilia-Romagna: dove sono e le regole per visitarli"
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was first mentioned in a document in 1310. In 1384, King Wenceslas granted the town of
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As noted, other countries have also established such markets. The Christmas market of
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traders the privilege of holding a "December market" to supply the local population.
98:
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1650:(in German), Herder Verlag, Freiburg/Basel/Vienna, 2001, ISBN 3-451-27702-6, p. 147.
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German American Chamber of Commerce Colorado Chapter. (2006). Retrieved 8 July 2007
1307:
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2284:"Frankfurt Christmas Market Birmingham | 15 November 2018 to 23 December 2018"
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581:, France, and most of the towns there have their local Christmas market.
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1608:
Die stillste Nacht. Das Fest der Geburt Jesu von den Anfängen bis heute
1503:"Geschichte des Wiener Christkindlmarkts - Weihnachts- und Adventmarkt"
1131:
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in the German-speaking part of Europe and in many parts of the former
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Christmas markets are popular traditions in Austria, and are held in
438:
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328:
274:
180:
169:
148:, but often depicted as an angel-like girl), acted by a local child.
121:
102:
61:
44:, Germany, is one of the most famous Christmas markets in the world.
2450:
German-American Society of Tulsa, 1 May 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2007
2360:
4107:
2793:
1923:
1577:"Frankfurt Christmas Markets in Great Britain | Frankfurt Tourism"
1147:
905:
874:
816:
746:
678:
In Italy, the oldest Christmas market is considered to be that of
665:
600:
589:," around its cathedral since 1570, when the city was part of the
560:
432:
355:(candied, toasted almonds), traditional Christmas cookies such as
322:
124:
is usually ushered in with the opening of the Christmas market or
2259:"These are the dates for Birmingham German Christmas Market 2018"
1713:
4329:
3993:
2711:
2498:
1211:
1035:
960:
754:
730:
462:
458:
2622:
644:
The two most visited Christmas markets in Germany are found in
483:
Other famous Christmas markets include the Christmas Market at
128:. In southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria, it is called a
1648:
Feiern, Feste, Jahreszeiten. Lebendige Bräuche im ganzen Jahr.
904:
A traditional Christmas market was held for the first time in
2283:
2188:"Alla scoperta dei 10 mercatini di Natale più belli d'Italia"
823:. Other large Christmas markets have been held in England in
2618:
2232:"Frankfurt Christmas Markets Great Britain Scotland England"
1687:"ÄLTESTER WEIHNACHTSMARKT | REKORD-INSTITUT für DEUTSCHLAND"
686:, born in 1991, which was followed by others in the area of
1981:"Weihnachtsmärkte: Köln ist Publikumsmagnet : Topnews"
1403:"German Christmas markets: Seasonal shopping at its finest"
2494:
613:, Germany, one of the first Christmas markets in the world
210:("Christ Child market") to combat the cult of saints. The
27:
Street market associated with the celebration of Christmas
1830:"Visit Top Christmas Markets (Weihnachtsmarkt) in Vienna"
403:), a sort of bread with candied fruit in Saxony, and hot
1622:"Teil 10: Die ältesten Weihnachtsmärkte der Welt - WELT"
327:
Traditional gingerbread hearts at a Christmas market in
991:
713:
Christmas market, established in 1993, is renowned in
1739:"Nuremberg Christmas Market - christkindlesmarkt.de"
120:
In many towns in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria,
4322:
4291:
4238:
4212:
4191:
4070:
4015:
4002:
3800:
3695:
3606:
3437:
3159:
3080:
2991:
2868:
2722:
617:Famous Christmas markets are held in the cities of
517:(a Hungarian pastry coated in cinnamon and sugar),
2338:. Menmedia.co.uk. 2 November 2012. Archived from
1610:(in German). Freiburg i.Br.: Herder. p. 141.
261:, etc.), thus offering a more commercial market.
136:, and in some other towns, onlookers welcome the
807:were established with support from Frankfurt in
2520:Official website „Pink Christmas, FAQ, English“
1806:"Christmas Market on the Main Square in Krakow"
1556:"Weihnachtsmarkt in Bautzen - Weihnachten 2016"
921:, the "Fraser Valley Queer Christmas Market").
335:Popular attractions at the markets include the
2543:"Winter Pride Christmas Market" on hamburg.com
2210:"Mercatini di Natale 2023: la nostra wishlist"
1767:(in French), Levrault, Strasbourg, 1840, p. 58
499:. The Christmas Market at Schönbrunn Palace, “
4465:1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
4425:1430s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2634:
1397:
1395:
853:, Manchester proving to be the most popular.
8:
2583:German-American Life: Recipes and Traditions
1889:"Vienna Christmas Market Guide and Map 2018"
1366:
1364:
553:(Austrian gingerbread), and baked potatoes.
2166:"I MERCATINI DI NATALE PIÙ BELLI IN ITALIA"
2078:"Mercatini originali Alto Adige - Südtirol"
202:on the Monday before Christmas. Later, the
4012:
2641:
2627:
2619:
1970:Stuttgart Marketing. Retrieved 8 July 2007
214:Christmas market dates from 1570, that of
2122:"San Gregorio Armeno, la via dei Presepi"
1478:"Christmas Markets in Germany and Europe"
343:(figures made of decorated dried plums),
305:Depiction of the Christmas market on the
2570:"A Visit to Germany's Christmas Markets"
2234:. Frankfurt-tourismus.de. Archived from
2144:"Il Mercatino di Natale a piazza Navona"
1375:. Oxford University Press. p. 151.
31:
2365:ArtsQuest (2006). Retrieved 8 July 2007
1360:
1292:
928:
263:
206:continued the tradition by renaming it
585:has been holding a Christmas market, "
289:Litography of the Christmas market in
3971:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2460:https://www.christkindlmarkt-slc.com/
1949:Stadt Nürnberg. Retrieved 8 July 2007
1853:
1851:
1824:
1822:
1775:
1773:
1765:Description de la ville de Strasbourg
1334:
577:Christmas markets are traditional in
273:Engraving of the Christmas market in
7:
2532:"Christmas Avenue" on visitberlin.de
2257:Bentley, David (20 September 2018).
1472:
1470:
1468:
897:. It has been held in the square of
56:associated with the celebration of
2006:Innes said... (26 December 2011).
1583:. 27 December 2014. Archived from
1535:. Austrian National Tourist Office
533:(chocolate covered marshmallows),
25:
4430:Christmas events and celebrations
2308:Denise Evans (18 November 2012).
1271:Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot
4392:
4391:
3847:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3742:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2607:
2595:
2419:"Mifflinburg Christkindl Market"
2312:. Menmedia.co.uk. Archived from
2010:. On London Time. Archived from
1373:The Oxford Handbook of Christmas
1254:
1240:
1226:
1203:
1187:
1171:
1155:
1139:
1123:
1104:
1084:
1068:
1043:
1023:
1007:
984:
968:
952:
931:
298:
282:
266:
229:) of Strasbourg was held at the
2100:"Mercatini di Natale di Trento"
495:, and the Christmas Village on
437:Advent and Christmas market in
134:Christkindlesmarkt in Nuremberg
3827:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3756:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3139:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2918:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2212:(in Italian). 10 November 2022
2036:(in Italian). 16 November 2021
2008:"Top Berlin Christmas Markets"
1554:Darmstadt, IDL Software GmbH.
293:, Germany, in the 19th century
81:Christmas markets date to the
1:
4460:1298 establishments in Europe
4420:1434 establishments in Europe
3778:Christmas television specials
3677:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2764:Annunciation to the shepherds
2499:"Târgul de Crăciun din Sibiu"
1781:"Christmas Markets in Vienna"
1714:"Marché de Noël à Strasbourg"
1693:(in German). 10 December 2016
1628:(in German). 19 November 2020
1533:"Christmas markets in Vienna"
835:Birmingham's Christmas Market
721:, where the tradition of the
3832:Christmas and holiday season
2615:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1983:. Topnews.de. Archived from
1431:"The Christkindlmarket 2022"
539:(bread with candied fruit),
2585:, Iowa City: Penfield Press
1509:(in German). Archived from
1336:[ˈvaɪ̯naxt͡sˌmaʁkt]
805:Frankfurt Christmas Markets
529:(savory deep fried dough),
491:, the Christmas Village at
383:(with or without a shot of
130:"Christkind(e)l(s)(i)markt"
4481:
2744:Adoration of the Shepherds
2362:CHRISTKINDLMARKT BETHLEHEM
1960:Stuttgart Christmas Market
1146:Sibiu Christmas market in
792:
659:
501:Kultur-und-Weihnachtsmarkt
421:
4387:
3988:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3749:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3670:The Oxford Book of Carols
3246:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2809:Massacre of the Innocents
2658:
2397:Denver Christkindl Market
2376:Christkindlmarket Chicago
1743:www.christkindlesmarkt.de
1482:The German Way & More
723:Neapolitan nativity scene
547:(roasted potato wedges),
507:(a non-alcoholic punch),
424:List of Christmas markets
221:In the 19th century, the
60:during the four weeks of
3790:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2446:17 December 2007 at the
2056:"30 anni e non sentirli"
1946:Christmas City Nuremberg
1763:P. J. Fargès-Méricourt,
1646:Manfred Becker-Huberti:
1371:Larsen, Timothy (2020).
1276:2016 Berlin truck attack
1114:("Christmas market") in
1091:Christmas market at the
843:Bullring shopping centre
166:Duke Albert I of Austria
3952:Small Business Saturday
3822:Black Friday (shopping)
3817:Black Friday (partying)
3311:Nine Lessons and Carols
3241:Events and celebrations
2495:http://www.graffino.com
2403:4 December 2020 at the
1606:Wahle, Stephan (2018).
992:
912:Queer Christmas markets
889:starts on 13 December,
837:, primarily located on
418:Major Christmas markets
247:Œuvre Notre-Dame Museum
3596:Post-War United States
1931:17 August 2007 at the
1281:2018 Strasbourg attack
675:
614:
593:of the German Nation.
574:
442:
332:
319:Attractions and stalls
234:
198:, which took place in
192:Frederick II of Saxony
45:
3645:Hit singles in the US
3640:Hit singles in the UK
3201:Carols by Candlelight
3129:Santa Claus' daughter
2737:Adoration of the Magi
2440:Christkindlmarkt 2007
1966:22 April 2008 at the
1935:Retrieved 8 July 2007
1863:VIENNA – Now. Forever
669:
604:
564:
543:(roasted chestnuts),
497:Maria-Theresien-Platz
436:
326:
239:Cathedral of Our Lady
35:
4450:Christmas traditions
4445:Christmas in Germany
4440:Christmas in Austria
3937:Santa's Candy Castle
3261:Google Santa Tracker
2604:at Wikimedia Commons
2382:3 March 2007 at the
1210:Christmas market in
1194:Christmas market at
1178:Christmas market in
1162:Christmas market in
1130:Christmas market in
1075:Christmas market in
1030:Christmas market at
1014:Christmas market in
975:Christmas market in
959:Christmas market in
908:, Romania, in 2007.
895:Fira de Santa Llúcia
775:Santa Maria Maggiore
670:Christmas market in
487:, the Art Advent on
365:(both forms of soft
339:(a crèche or crib),
3942:Santa Claus Village
3857:Christmas Mountains
3763:Journey of the Magi
2769:Baptism of the Lord
1859:"Christmas markets"
1691:rekord-institut.org
1587:on 27 December 2014
1581:Frankfurt Tourismus
1513:on 16 February 2020
1452:"Christkindlmarket"
1248:Christianity portal
1118:, Stockholm, Sweden
899:Barcelona Cathedral
690:, in particular in
523:(potato pancakes),
4455:History of Dresden
4052:Twelve-dish supper
3902:Jews and Christmas
3852:Christmas Lectures
3581:American Civil War
3316:NORAD Tracks Santa
2692:Saint Nicholas Day
2581:Zug, J.D. (1991):
2342:on 5 November 2012
2316:on 22 October 2012
1718:noel.strasbourg.eu
1411:. 11 November 2012
1315:Christkindlesmarkt
994:Christkindelsmärik
940:Tallinna Jõuluturg
783:Cison di Valmarino
676:
662:Christmas in Italy
615:
587:Christkindelsmärik
575:
567:Christkindelsmärik
443:
333:
223:Christkindelsmärik
46:
38:Christkindlesmarkt
4435:Christmas markets
4407:
4406:
4383:
4382:
4047:Thirteen desserts
3967:Virginia O'Hanlon
3812:Advent Conspiracy
3726:Films (Christmas,
3718:A Christmas Carol
3663:Carols for Choirs
3206:Cavalcade of Magi
3186:Boar's Head Feast
2855:Star of Bethlehem
2826:Nativity of Jesus
2814:flight into Egypt
2699:St. Stephen's Day
2613:Christmas markets
2602:Christmas markets
2600:Media related to
2288:www.thebfcm.co.uk
1925:Noël à Strasbourg
1913:Christmas markets
1834:European Traveler
1382:978-0-19-883146-4
1321:Christkindlimarkt
1052:Tuomaan Markkinat
919:Greater Vancouver
827:(since 2000) and
795:Winter wonderland
591:Holy Roman Empire
485:Schönbrunn Palace
353:Gebrannte Mandeln
158:Holy Roman Empire
126:"Weihnachtsmarkt"
87:Holy Roman Empire
67:Christkindlmarket
18:Christmas markets
16:(Redirected from
4472:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4230:Redcurrant sauce
4019:
4013:
4008:
3982:Winter festivals
3732:Christmas horror
3699:
3610:
3441:
3296:Meals and feasts
3216:Christmas jumper
3163:
3134:Santa's reindeer
3086:
3032:Father Christmas
2996:
2953:Santa's workshop
2874:
2836:in later culture
2714:
2707:
2700:
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2471:Christmas Market
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2019:
2014:on 11 March 2012
2003:
1997:
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1971:
1956:
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1936:
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1910:
1904:
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1899:
1893:Vienna Unwrapped
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:. Archived from
1855:
1846:
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1843:
1841:
1836:. 12 August 2017
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1712:Thuria, Agence.
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997:
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935:
893:, and is called
891:Saint Lucy's Day
493:Belvedere Palace
341:Zwetschgenmännle
302:
286:
270:
235:Cour aux Corvées
208:Christkindlmarkt
83:Late Middle Ages
50:Christmas market
21:
4480:
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4475:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4379:
4345:Pickled herring
4318:
4287:
4234:
4225:Cranberry sauce
4208:
4187:
4163:Red velvet cake
4148:Poppy seed roll
4066:
4017:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3977:White Christmas
3867:Christmas truce
3862:Christmas seals
3842:Christmas creep
3804:
3802:
3796:
3697:
3691:
3608:
3602:
3439:
3433:
3286:Lord of Misrule
3221:Christmas Peace
3171:Advent calendar
3161:
3155:
3104:Knecht Ruprecht
3084:
3082:
3076:
2998:
2994:
2987:
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2789:Herod the Great
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2578:7 December 2006
2565:
2563:Further reading
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2513:
2503:
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2492:
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2458:
2454:
2448:Wayback Machine
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2405:Wayback Machine
2394:
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2384:Wayback Machine
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1990:
1988:
1987:on 12 June 2017
1979:
1978:
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1968:Wayback Machine
1957:
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1943:
1939:
1933:Wayback Machine
1922:
1918:
1911:
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1869:on 8 March 2021
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1414:
1412:
1408:The Independent
1401:
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1393:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1327:Weihnachtsmarkt
1298:
1294:
1289:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1234:Holidays portal
1232:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1196:Waddesdon Manor
1192:
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1176:
1167:
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1128:
1119:
1109:
1100:
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989:
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948:
936:
927:
914:
883:
881:Other countries
859:
797:
791:
664:
658:
599:
559:
520:Kartoffelpuffer
431:
426:
420:
321:
314:
303:
294:
287:
278:
277:, Germany, 1796
271:
194:, mentioning a
154:
70:, substituting
28:
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12:
11:
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4306:
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4285:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4276:Smoking Bishop
4268:
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3964:
3959:
3957:Super Saturday
3954:
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3939:
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3929:
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3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Giving Tuesday
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Christmas club
3834:
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3808:
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3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:Piae Cantiones
3680:
3673:
3666:
3656:
3650:Music charts (
3647:
3642:
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3632:
3627:
3626:
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3119:Père Fouettard
3116:
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3106:
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3096:
3090:
3088:
3085:Saint Nicholas
3078:
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3075:
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3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3037:Grandpa Indian
3034:
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3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3005:Saint Nicholas
3001:
2999:
2992:
2989:
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2975:
2970:
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2943:Old Man Winter
2940:
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2913:Kallikantzaros
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2879:
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2843:Nativity scene
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2681:
2678:Children's Day
2674:
2667:
2664:Blue Christmas
2659:
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2655:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2605:
2591:
2590:External links
2588:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2575:Spiegel Online
2564:
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2300:
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2263:birminghammail
2249:
2238:on 10 May 2013
2223:
2201:
2179:
2157:
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2113:
2091:
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2025:
1998:
1972:
1951:
1937:
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1880:
1847:
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1797:
1769:
1756:
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1704:
1678:
1661:"Wenzelsmarkt"
1652:
1639:
1613:
1598:
1568:
1546:
1524:
1507:www.wien.gv.at
1494:
1464:
1443:
1422:
1391:
1381:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1299:Also known as
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1265:
1262:Germany portal
1251:
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858:
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793:Main article:
790:
789:United Kingdom
787:
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558:
555:
430:
427:
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337:Nativity Scene
320:
317:
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315:
313:, France, 1859
304:
297:
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288:
281:
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272:
265:
237:) between the
177:Saint Nicholas
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10:
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4323:Meat and fish
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4261:Hot chocolate
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3872:Controversies
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3707:In literature
3705:
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3327:
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3319:
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3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Moravian star
3304:
3302:
3301:Midnight Mass
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
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3279:
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3209:
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3191:Candle arches
3189:
3187:
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3181:Advent wreath
3179:
3177:
3176:Advent candle
3174:
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3110:
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3097:
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3083:Companions of
3079:
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3006:
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2995:Gift-bringers
2990:
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2860:Twelfth Night
2858:
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2845:
2844:
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2834:
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2829:
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2824:
2822:
2821:Nativity Fast
2819:
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2807:
2805:
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2800:
2797:
2795:
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2790:
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2782:
2780:
2779:Christmastide
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Angel Gabriel
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:Biblical Magi
2730:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:Christmas Eve
2682:
2680:
2675:
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2668:
2666:
2661:
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2657:
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2644:
2639:
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2606:
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2589:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2568:Bakst, Alex:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2554:Facebook site
2550:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
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2521:
2515:
2512:
2500:
2497:), Graffino.
2496:
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2117:
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2079:
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2057:
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2035:
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2026:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1986:
1982:
1976:
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1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1938:
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1107:
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1082:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:Senate Square
1054:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:Piazza Navona
1026:
1021:
1017:
1010:
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987:
982:
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868:
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857:United States
856:
854:
852:
851:Albert Square
848:
847:Council House
844:
840:
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822:
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727:Piazza Navona
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663:
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612:
608:
607:Striezelmarkt
603:
596:
594:
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588:
584:
580:
572:
568:
563:
556:
554:
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551:
546:
545:Bratkartoffel
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395:Christstollen
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372:
368:
364:
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359:
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205:
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197:
196:Striezelmarkt
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
162:late medieval
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
141:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:Striezelmarkt
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
55:
54:street market
51:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4335:Gefilte fish
4283:Ponche crema
4118:Melomakarono
3986:
3877:Cyber Monday
3782:
3747:
3716:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3658:Music books
3651:
3489:Nazi Germany
3381:
3377:Secret Santa
3364:
3290:
3251:Flying Santa
2958:Tió de Nadal
2908:Korvatunturi
2759:Annunciation
2725:Christianity
2706:Sol Invictus
2582:
2574:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2488:
2477:
2466:
2455:
2439:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2412:
2396:
2391:
2375:
2370:
2361:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:the original
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:the original
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2190:(in Italian)
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2168:(in Italian)
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2146:(in Italian)
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2124:(in Italian)
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2102:(in Italian)
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2080:(in Italian)
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2058:(in Italian)
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:the original
1975:
1959:
1954:
1945:
1940:
1924:
1919:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:the original
1862:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1809:. Retrieved
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1764:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:Wenzelsmarkt
1664:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1625:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:the original
1580:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1506:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1455:. Retrieved
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1406:
1386:
1372:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:Christ Child
1306:
1305:(literally:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1111:
1050:
938:
915:
903:
901:since 1786.
894:
884:
860:
841:between the
833:
804:
798:
708:
677:
643:
616:
576:
548:
544:
540:
534:
530:
524:
519:
514:Baumstriezel
513:
508:
505:Kinderpunsch
504:
500:
482:
477:Adventzauber
476:
471:
467:Rathausplatz
444:
411:Bethmännchen
409:Frankfurter
408:
398:
394:
388:
374:
362:
356:
352:
344:
340:
334:
307:Place Kléber
259:Ferris wheel
251:
243:Palais Rohan
230:
222:
220:
207:
195:
189:
174:
168:granted the
155:
144:(originally
137:
129:
125:
119:
113:(1384), and
80:
75:
71:
66:
65:
49:
47:
29:
4350:Roast goose
4271:Mulled wine
4251:Champurrado
4246:Apple cider
4220:Bread sauce
4173:Szaloncukor
4153:Pumpkin pie
4103:Gingerbread
4057:Smörgåsbord
3698:Other media
3536:Philippines
3526:New Zealand
3409:Twelve Days
3366:Räuchermann
3321:Nutcrackers
3271:Las Posadas
3231:Decorations
3211:Christingle
3151:Zwarte Piet
3146:Snegurochka
3067:Sinterklaas
3017:Santa Claus
2504:25 December
2424:25 December
1749:24 December
1745:(in German)
1723:24 December
1697:24 December
1671:24 December
1667:(in German)
1561:25 December
1457:31 December
1436:31 December
743:Alberobello
469:, near the
381:mulled wine
367:gingerbread
349:Nutcrackers
345:Nussknacker
218:from 1628.
204:Reformation
160:go back to
91:Reformation
74:for German
4414:Categories
4078:Candy cane
4027:Joulupöytä
3927:Pikkujoulu
3591:New Mexico
3440:By country
3414:Wassailing
3355:Poinsettia
3162:Traditions
3114:Mrs. Claus
3094:Belsnickel
3047:Julemanden
3042:Joulupukki
2973:Wenceslaus
2938:North Pole
2903:Jack Frost
2893:Christkind
2848:Neapolitan
2671:Boxing Day
2293:5 November
2268:5 November
2216:6 February
2194:6 February
2172:6 February
2150:30 January
2128:5 December
2106:5 December
2084:5 December
2062:1 December
2040:1 December
1591:30 October
1517:30 October
1487:30 October
1415:8 December
1355:References
1182:, Austria
1116:Gamla stan
1112:Julmarknad
1093:Red Square
1000:Strasbourg
839:New Street
821:Manchester
809:Birmingham
696:Bressanone
688:Alto Adige
660:See also:
583:Strasbourg
571:Strasbourg
531:Schaumkuss
489:Karlsplatz
422:See also:
414:in Hesse.
390:Eierpunsch
311:Strasbourg
212:Strasbourg
140:Christkind
4365:Tourtière
4355:Romeritos
4292:Dumplings
4239:Beverages
4143:Pecan pie
4133:Panettone
4128:Pampushka
4123:Mince pie
4098:Fruitcake
4042:Réveillon
3922:NFL games
3917:NBA games
3912:In August
3882:Economics
3652:Billboard
3506:Indonesia
3449:Australia
3424:Yule goat
3399:Stockings
3333:Ornaments
3062:Père Noël
3057:Olentzero
3052:Noel Baba
3027:Ded Moroz
2983:Yule Lads
2923:Mari Lwyd
2774:Bethlehem
2651:Christmas
1898:31 August
1873:31 August
1840:31 August
1790:31 August
1632:4 January
1150:, Romania
1134:, Germany
1063:, Finland
1018:, Germany
963:, Germany
947:, Estonia
887:Barcelona
829:Liverpool
813:Edinburgh
799:In 1982,
639:Stuttgart
635:Nuremberg
631:Frankfurt
550:Lebkuchen
455:Innsbruck
441:, Austria
405:Apfelwein
371:Bratwurst
363:Magenbrot
358:Lebkuchen
331:, Germany
291:Nuremberg
233:(French:
216:Nuremberg
146:boy Jesus
115:Frankfurt
58:Christmas
42:Nuremberg
4398:Category
4369:meat pie
4360:Stuffing
4314:Varenyky
4183:Yule log
4158:Qurabiya
4032:Julebord
4005:Food and
3932:SantaCon
3897:El Gordo
3784:Yule Log
3556:Scotland
3469:Ethiopia
3454:Colombia
3429:Yule log
3383:Spanbaum
3360:Pyramids
3226:Crackers
3124:Sack Man
3010:folklore
2978:Yule cat
2883:Badalisc
2873:folklore
2784:Epiphany
2444:Archived
2417:Donner.
2401:Archived
2380:Archived
1964:Archived
1929:Archived
1626:DIE WELT
1220:See also
1214:, Latvia
1166:, Poland
1099:, Russia
1061:Helsinki
1002:, France
979:, France
845:and the
763:Florence
715:Trentino
700:Vipiteno
646:Dortmund
619:Augsburg
573:, France
509:Glühwein
451:Salzburg
376:Glühwein
347:(carved
255:ice rink
245:and the
231:Frohnhof
227:Alsatian
170:Viennese
117:(1393).
109:(1310),
105:(1296),
4304:Pierogi
4299:Hallaca
4204:Borscht
4168:Stollen
4138:Pavlova
4113:Makówki
4093:Cozonac
4062:Wigilia
3947:Scrooge
3907:In July
3805:society
3737:Poetry
3571:Ukraine
3546:Romania
3511:Ireland
3501:Iceland
3496:Hungary
3484:Germany
3474:Finland
3464:England
3459:Denmark
3419:Windows
3350:Piñatas
3338:Parades
3291:Markets
3276:Letters
3266:Hampers
3109:Krampus
2948:Perchta
2888:Caganer
2482:History
1785:Austria
1539:2 April
1332:German:
1164:Wrocław
1132:Cologne
1079:, Italy
1077:Bolzano
1055:at the
1038:, Italy
945:Tallinn
925:Gallery
863:Chicago
801:Lincoln
781:and in
771:Livigno
767:Trieste
704:Brunico
684:Bolzano
680:Bologna
674:, Italy
650:Cologne
623:Dresden
611:Dresden
597:Germany
536:Stollen
472:Rathaus
429:Austria
400:Stollen
200:Dresden
185:Bautzen
152:History
111:Bautzen
95:Dresden
4375:Turkey
4309:Tamale
4266:Kissel
4256:Eggnog
4213:Sauces
4199:Menudo
4178:Turrón
4088:Cookie
4071:Sweets
4037:Kūčios
4018:Dinner
3892:Grinch
3803:modern
3770:Tomten
3729:Santa,
3712:novels
3630:Operas
3618:Carols
3586:Hawaii
3566:Sweden
3561:Serbia
3551:Russia
3541:Poland
3531:Norway
3521:Mexico
3479:France
3394:Stamps
3389:Szopka
3281:Lights
3236:Didukh
3072:Others
3022:Befana
2968:Vertep
2831:in art
2799:Joseph
2749:Advent
1811:4 June
1379:
1324:, and
1310:Market
1180:Vienna
1097:Moscow
1016:Erfurt
977:Colmar
873:, and
867:Denver
819:, and
759:Arezzo
751:Torino
739:Gubbio
735:Verona
719:Naples
711:Trento
692:Merano
672:Merano
637:, and
627:Erfurt
579:Alsace
557:France
541:Maroni
526:Lángos
461:, and
447:Vienna
439:Leoben
387:), or
385:brandy
379:, hot
373:, and
329:Berlin
275:Berlin
241:, the
181:Munich
122:Advent
107:Munich
103:Vienna
72:market
62:Advent
4108:Kutia
4007:drink
3635:Songs
3609:Music
3516:Italy
3372:Seals
3326:dolls
3256:Gifts
3196:Cards
3099:Elves
2963:Turoń
2933:Nisse
2898:Grýla
2794:Jesus
2346:6 May
2320:6 May
2242:6 May
2018:6 May
1991:6 May
1287:Notes
1269:2000
1148:Sibiu
906:Sibiu
875:Tulsa
817:Leeds
773:, in
769:, in
765:, in
761:, in
757:, in
753:, in
749:, in
747:Aosta
745:, in
741:, in
737:, in
733:, in
717:. In
656:Italy
93:era.
76:Markt
52:is a
4330:Carp
4192:Soup
4083:Cake
3994:Xmas
3623:list
3404:Tree
3343:list
2804:Mary
2713:Yule
2506:2016
2426:2016
2348:2013
2322:2013
2295:2018
2270:2018
2244:2013
2218:2024
2196:2024
2174:2024
2152:2024
2130:2021
2108:2021
2086:2021
2064:2021
2042:2021
2020:2013
1993:2013
1900:2018
1875:2018
1842:2018
1813:2020
1792:2018
1751:2023
1725:2023
1699:2023
1673:2023
1634:2024
1593:2019
1563:2016
1541:2017
1519:2019
1489:2019
1459:2022
1438:2022
1417:2016
1377:ISBN
1212:Riga
1198:, UK
1036:Rome
961:Jena
825:Bath
779:Arco
755:Asti
731:Rome
709:The
702:and
605:The
565:The
463:Graz
459:Linz
407:and
361:and
225:(in
36:The
4340:Ham
2870:In
1095:in
1059:in
1034:in
998:in
943:in
729:in
609:in
569:in
369:),
351:),
309:in
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3969:("
3801:In
2723:In
2572:,
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865:,
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785:.
777:,
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698:,
694:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
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511:,
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453:,
449:,
257:,
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