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Christodoulos of Athens

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921:"All of us have once heard that "god has created the world ex-nihilo." This is for some people a problem. Not all are ready to accept this answer to the question, "how has the world been created?" The problem of who has created and how he has created the world is a central problem of our life. We all know the great progress that science has done in this domain. Many sciences complete each other in a common effort to discover the principles of life. We are grateful to science for its efforts to reach the limits of knowledge and throw light in all the secrets of creation. We, believers, should not fear the progress of science; on the contrary, we should expect conclusions and proposals from it which strengthen our faith. Nevertheless, we do not ignore that in the past, and precisely in the preceding century, the distrust of scripture came from certain laboratories and lasted a long time. It was the period of the myth that science is omnipotent and can give answers to the main human queries... Then, when one believes in the omnipotence of man on earth, comes accidents such as 461:
by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness", to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul II said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "profound regret" for Catholics. Later John Paul II and Christodoulos met on a spot where Paul of Tarsus had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a common declaration saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved.... We condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the Lord's Prayer together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.
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writing of religious status in identity cards. The Archbishop replied in a letter that his source was the official web site of the USA Jewish Community where it was stated that the US Jewish Community had asked the Greek Government to remove religious status from Greek identity cards. He also said that in Israel, the writing of religious status in identity cards is mandatory. The official position of the Greek Church became that the writing of religious status on identity cards should be optional. However, the Greek Government proceeded to remove the writing of religious status completely from new identity cards.
909:". Critics attacked the Archbishop for what they considered to constitute an underhanded justification of the terrorist act. Christodoulos denied the allegation and responded that he condemned the attacks. In the fifth anniversary of the attacks, in 2006, and while speaking to an audience of High School students, Christodoulos characterized the September 11, 2001 attacks "a hideous crime that cost the lives of thousands of innocent people" and attributed them to "man failing to discern between good and evil, and being unable to posit himself responsibly towards the problems of the world". 48: 351: 565:
confession sessions within schools, was at the discretion of local educational authorities; these opportunities for the Sacrament of Confession took place on a voluntary basis for young Greeks in high school and primary school. Greek media reported that the Archbishop characterised the move a "hostile act" against the Church, while the Synod of the Greek Orthodox Church, presided by Christodoulos, sent a letter of complaint to the
1006: 998: 801: 492: 618:) "who dare raise an audacious head and question unimpeachable things". The state issued textbook was later removed in 2007 by the Greek Government, after the Athens Academy, a Legal Entity of Public Law supervised by the Ministry of National Education and Religion, as well as a number of Greek historians and intellectuals also criticised the book for historical inaccuracies. 474:. He also consented in 2002 to the construction of a mosque in Athens, to end the fact that Athens is the only EU capital without a Muslim place of worship. On the other hand, he asked that the mosque will be outside the city center, a wish that was granted by the government who chose a site 20 km outside Athens against the wishes of the Muslim community. 301:
humanitarian relief to Iraq. Instead, "Solidarity" only spent 740 thousand Euros to buy food, which it kept in storage houses without ever sending it to Iraq, and kept the rest in a bank account. After the death of Archbishop Christodoulos, the Greek Church started an investigation of the financial activities of "Solidarity" and found gross irregularities.
742:". Despite the fact a number of Greeks are also opposed to Turkey's entrance (as, indeed, are many other Europeans), Christodoulos' statements were seen as an unwarranted intervention in foreign affairs, based on a discriminatory and racialist logic. Statements to the same effect had been made—and retracted—in the past by former Foreign Affairs Minister 627:
everything, on account of those who want to rule the world without resistance or obstacles", adding that Greeks live in a paradise compared to other Europeans, because "they have a strong faith, they build churches, follow traditions, and resist globalisation". In 2006, he castigated globalisation as a "
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also raised controversy. During a 2006 speech, Christodoulos stated that the Church is bound to "come into many conflicts with the movement for human rights", despite the fact "it not only does not oppose human rights, but supersedes them". His proposed reason for these conflicts is that "the Church
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bemoaned the lack of apology from the Catholic Church, saying "Until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century".The pope responded by saying "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned
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In 2001, Christodoulos prompted international criticism after saying that the ID decision had been instigated by Jews. The Central Board of the Jewish Community in Greece subsequently sent him a letter on 20 March 2001, asking him to clarify the matter and expressing their opposition to the mandatory
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Supporting the existing Church social services, he launched new services to face social issues such as the welfare of drug addicts and immigrants, the support for single mothers and abused women, the care for the victims of trafficking, the establishing of a chain of nurseries and infant schools, the
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In 1958 along with Kallinkos Karusos and Athanasios, Christodoulos established the religious fraternity Panagia Chrysopigi. In 1973 via a royal edict, Christodoulos managed to lodge the fraternity of Chrysipigi on prime land just outside Athens. The edict also gave authority of the monastery, not to
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The Archbishop was also criticised for frequently judging the internal and foreign policies of the elected Greek governments, usually during sermons in the liturgy. In 1999, he complained during a sermon that the Education Ministries were "experimenting on students" with their continuous innovations
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had been subjected to the horrible experience of the Franks, who wanted to achieve, by any means possible, its extinction." The latter sentence seems to indicate that the Archbishop extrapolates attitudes of the excommunicated Western sackers of 1204 AD, to all Western Europeans, of all times.
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In 2002, he asked students in a Greek school whether they wanted to be "mince meat or meat", explaining that "foreigners want to turn us into the meat-grinder, while meat is a solid thing". On another occasion he stated that "the forces of Darkness cannot stand it , and for this reason they want to
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In 2000, a major clash between church and state erupted when the then Greek socialist government sought to follow a decision of the Greek Data Protection Authority, by removing the "Religion" field from the national ID cards carried by Greek citizens. Christodoulos opposed the decision, complaining
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Archbishop Christodoulos visited Pope Benedict XVI in Rome in 2006. They issued a common proclamation together that included the statement that: "We look forward to a fruitful collaboration to enable our contemporaries to rediscover the Christian roots of the European Continent which forged the
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of the Church of Greece, which allowed a humanitarian intervention of the Church on an international level in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe. "Solidarity" caused several controversies, such as the case where it received 5.6 million Euros from the Greek State in order to send
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or Soviet Chernobyl to demonstrate the weakness of man... Science is a holy gift, but within limits. It stands in between physics and metaphysics. With the means of observation, experiment and mathematics, it tries to explore events that cannot be perceived. But its horizon is always limited.
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The Archbishop was intensely critical of globalisation, to which he referred, on repeated occasions, in disparaging terms as a global, or alternatively, "foreigner" plot to deprive people of their national identities. In 2004 he criticized globalisation as a "bulldozer that is out to demolish
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did not consult with the Greek Church on the matter and saying that it was part of a wider plan to marginalise the Church from Greek public life; he also stated that the decision was "put forward by neo-intellectuals who want to attack us like rabid dogs and tear at our flesh". The archbishop
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purposes, that is to hear student's confessions on a voluntary basis. The vast majority of students in Greek public schools were pracisitng Orthodox and the Archbishop was concerned for their access to the Sacraments and their spiritual welfare. Until then, calling in priests to hold private
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to visit Greece. He commented that he would not "close the door" on the Pope, because he was coming to the country as a pilgrim. The two men met for discussions during the Papal visit in May 2001, though they did not pray together. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly.
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Nevertheless the query for atheist arguments in scientific results has not ceased even today to be a phenomenon, not of course in science laboratories, but in the imagination of some people who pretend that science has the status and authority to decide on whether God exists or not."
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In 2004, Christodoulos published a brief article in, Efimerios, the journal of the Holy Synod of the Greek Church. This does not count as an official church document but does give a rare testimony about the official position of the Holy Synod.
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different nations and contributed to developing increasingly harmonious links between them. This will help them live and promote the fundamental human and spiritual values for all people, as well as the development of their own societies"
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The Archbishop attacked the authors of the Greek elementary schools' official state sixth-grade history book, accusing them of attempting to "enslave Greek youth" and conceal the Church's role in defending Greek national identity during
573:. The decision, however, was applauded by representatives of the Greek Teachers' Association, who supported it as a measure that safeguarded freedom of belief and fostered respect for cultural and religious differences in schools. 413:, supporting the inclusion of religious data on a voluntary basis, and asked for a referendum on the matter. For this purpose, he was greatly supported as more than three million Greek citizens signed and asked for a referendum. 1979:
Oulis, D., Makris, G., Roussos, S. (2010). The Orthodox Church of Greece: policies and challenges under Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens (1998–2008). International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 10(2–3), pp.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080202011216/http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/archbishop/default.asp?id=454&what_main=1&what_sub=7&lang=gr&archbishop_heading=%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%96%CE%97%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97
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In 1998 he declared that "when our ancestors gave the lights of civilization, they were living up in trees". In 2003 he said that "history teaches us Europeans were always out to harm us. Long before the
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Christodoulos was a Doctor of Theology, had a degree in French and English, and also spoke Italian and German. He was the author of a number of theological books and received Honorary Doctorates from the
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Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Catholic Church against the Eastern Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204, and
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directives, especially where they clashed with what he regarded as traditional Greek policies. Shortly after his swearing in, Christodoulos stated that it was "a disgrace for the modern
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of 1999 in which Greece, as a NATO member, played a significant, though largely non-interventionist, role. He also spoke out strongly against the intention of the Greek government under
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the life of all humankind". He has also said that "globalisation wants to turn us into gruel, soup, sheep, or better yet, turkeys, so that we may be led with a cane".
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in 2001, parts of the public were shocked to hear the Archbishop attribute the attacks to "despondent men" who acted "out of despair caused by the injustices of the
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to the seat of the Prelate of the Greek church in 1998. At 59 years of age, he was the youngest Archbishop to head the Greek Church. His chief rivals in ballot were
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on a second occasion, stating that "the forces of Darkness cannot stand it , and for this reason they want to decapitate it and flatten everything, by means of
261:. Due to Christodoulos' attending a Catholic high school, he felt open to dialogue between the Orthodox and Catholic churches having experienced both sides. 316:
of the Church as a punishment. He was reinstated three months later, as the conflict seemed to be coming to a resolution. The rift was mended a month later.
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and, following suggestions from his attending physicians, Christodoulos returned to Athens on October 26 for continued medical treatment.
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Blancke, S., Hjernitslev, H. and Kjaergaard, P. (2014). Creationism in Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 152, 153.
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and heathens dwelled, by recycling the materials (stones and dirt) from the Ancient Greek Temples to build Christian temples
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The Archbishop played a leading role in supporting Serbia (a mainly Orthodox country), and stoking public opposition to
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Christodoulos attended high school at the Roman Catholic Marist Leonteion Lyceum of Athens. He then studied law at the
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He also attended a graduate school at the University of Athens for a degree in theology. Christodoulos was ordained a
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Christodoulos' decision led to major controversy in Greece, where many Orthodox Christians regard the Pope (and the
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In 2006, Greek newspapers reported the Archbishop's displeasure at a decision by the centre-right government of
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It emerged the same year that despite Christodoulos' saying that he had no knowledge of nor involvement with
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provided assistance to poor families and families with many children. He also established "Solidarity", an
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in which the Archbishop analyses his beliefs about the Ancient Greeks and the ancient Greek religion.
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Despite the criticism, Archbishop Christodoulos proved to be one of the most popular archbishops in
593:, urging followers to "pray for the young kids" on the shows and to "turn off our television sets". 229:, a suburb of Athens, between 1965 and 1974. During that time he also became Chief Secretary of the 966: 705: 282: 274: 207:. His father subsequently returned to Xanthi following the war and ran a successful bid for mayor. 2163: 1630:"news in.gr - Προσπάθεια "υποδούλωσης" των μαθητών βλέπει ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος στο νέο βιβλίο Ιστορίας" 1325: 1016:
In his final days, the Archbishop refused to be hospitalised, preferring to remain at his home in
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in 1965 and graduated from the School of Theology in 1967. He worked as a parish priest in
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to discontinue the practice of allowing Greek Orthodox priests to use public schools for
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Christodoulos frequently criticized the principles and values of what he characterized "
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Christodoulos created a major controversy in 2003 when he denounced proposals to let
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Christodoulos supported views on Greek politics and culture that were criticized by
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A research on the reactions of Greek media and the public after the 9/11 attacks.
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In June 2007, Archbishop Christodoulos was hospitalised in Aretaeion Hospital in
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Early Greek Christians blessed and honored the Ancient Greek temples, in which
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plot" to impose "cultural uniformity" and "support the sale of multi-national
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over who should have the final say in the appointment of bishops in northern
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Christodoulos consented in 2001 to the Greek government's decision to allow
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On May 20, 2001, Konstantinos Poulios (Κωνσταντίνος Πούλιος in Greek), an
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is promoting through the human rights movement : the abolishment of
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ideas when, on another occasion, he proclaimed that "Because we are not
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on the educational system, causing the dissatisfaction of then Minister
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His funeral was held on 31 January 2008. It was presided over by the
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H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Κεντρική σελίδα του Αρχιεπισκόπου
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H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ : Κεντρική σελίδα του Αρχιεπισκόπου
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People paying their last respects to Archbishop Christodoulos
684:". The Archbishop has attributed human rights to a ploy by 331:
were significant steps towards the cause of Church unity.
606:. In reference to the same issue, he has castigated the " 437:", the collective council of Metropolitan bishops of the 1593:"Christodoulos, head of the Greek Orthodox Church, dies" 312:. As a result, Christodoulos' name was stricken off the 1506:"Macedonian Press Agency: News in English, 2001-05-04b" 1088:
The Archbishop has been taped saying, referring to the
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announced that the archbishop would be transferred to
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
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George Hatzidakis and Karolos Grohmann (2008-01-28).
1991:"Archbishop diagnosed with cancer | Athens News" 1322:"Athens News Agency: Press Review in Greek, 98-05-05" 567:
Ministry for National Education and Religious Affairs
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The Church of Greece and the ancient Greek pantheon
2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 1748:"Åëåõèåñïôõðßá - ×ñéóôüäïõëïò: Ïêôþ ÷ñüíéá êÞñõãìá" 292:. The latter would eventually succeed him in 2008. 214:, graduating in 1962, after having been ordained a 124: 95: 90: 80: 70: 62: 54: 25: 2120: 2118: 2116: 769:, but manful Greeks, we are Orthodox Christians". 639:decapitate it and flatten everything, by means of 1742: 1740: 1738: 1347:Greek church at war over plans to change ID cards 1079:, having a particular rapport with young people. 323:in Athens and Archbishop Christodoulos' visit to 233:of the Church of Greece. In 1974, he was elected 1675:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1658:. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008 1383:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1365:. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007 935:the local bishop, but to the Holy Synod itself. 726:", and which he contrasted to Christian values. 2240:The Archbishop at the World Council of Churches 383:to decide on the basis of what directives from 2149: 2147: 738:enter the European Union, calling the Turks " 8: 1896:"Greek archbishop brands Turks 'barbarians'" 2038:"Transplant surgery on Christodoulos fails" 520:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2256: 2092:"Archbishop of Greek Orthodox Church dies" 1771: 1769: 1398:"Religious row blazes over Greek identity" 1242:"Greek archbishop brands Turks barbarians" 46: 22: 16:For other people named Christodoulos, see 2354:21st-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops 2349:20th-century Eastern Orthodox archbishops 1298:"New Greek Orthodox archbishop enthroned" 885:Learn how and when to remove this message 704:, who was pushing substantial changes in 540:Learn how and when to remove this message 409:, alongside a majority of bishops of the 2359:Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens 2334:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece 2127:"Head of Greece's Orthodox Church Dies" 1121: 1852: 1841: 1668: 1376: 1221:The sinful proceedings of “Solidarity” 187:, from 1998 until his death, in 2008. 1610:"Ban on Greek Big Brother overturned" 1270:Biography of Archbishop Christodoulos 1183:Biography of Archbishop Christodoulos 1165:S. B. Christodoulos, a marist alumnus 1137:"Greek Archbishop Christodoulos dies" 1036:Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem 749:The Archbishop was accused of fusing 149:(17 January 1939 – 28 January 2008) ( 7: 2324:Archbishops of Athens and All Greece 2235:The Church of Greece: The Archbishop 2156:"Head of Greek Orthodox Church dies" 1546:"Olympic city to build first mosque" 823:adding citations to reliable sources 663:", with regards to the same matter. 518:adding citations to reliable sources 445:, a regime appointee and supporter. 2016:"Greece's top cleric treated in US" 1185:, website of the Church of Greece. 1040:Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria 961:Following colonic tumor resection, 773:Relations between Greece and Europe 671:Some comments by the archbishop on 482:Role of the clergy in Greek schools 387:might ask, at one time or another. 269:Christodoulos succeeded Archbishop 2329:Deaths from liver cancer in Greece 2129:. Associated Press. Archived from 2068:"Greek Orthodox Leader Dies at 69" 1272:, website of the Church of Greece 14: 1009:Christodoulos's tombstone at the 965:specialist Andreas Tzakis of the 958:in the right lobe of his liver. 431:Greek military junta of 1967-1974 2066:Carassava, Anthee (2008-01-29). 1591:Carassava, Anthee (2008-02-08). 1456:Photo of a younger Christodoulos 1202:"Solidarity" with rotten poultry 799: 490: 401:organised two demonstrations in 340:Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens 306:Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew 218:in the Orthodox Church in 1961. 2339:Members of the Church of Greece 2243:(in Greek, English, and French) 2125:Becatoros, Elena (2008-01-28). 1046:, and was also attended by the 810:needs additional citations for 61: 53: 2261:Eastern Orthodox Church titles 1656:"Page turning on history book" 1240:Galpin, Richard (2003-12-05). 396:that socialist prime minister 1: 1465:after the swearing-in of the 1357:Smith, Helena (22 May 2000). 1111:List of Archbishops of Athens 1022:Cathedral of the Annunciation 730:Turkey and the European Union 2098:. 2008-01-28. Archived from 2044:. 2008-01-29. Archived from 2022:. 2007-10-08. Archived from 1204:, Ελευθεροτυπία, 2007-06-07 1143:. 2008-01-28. Archived from 1961:Efimerios, Oct. 2004, 10-12 1777:"Τα ΝΕΑ onLine - ΟΡΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ" 1044:Patriarch Daniel of Romania 2375: 2197:December 14, 2005, at the 1616:February 23, 2006, at the 1533:December 22, 2002, at the 1404:December 13, 2003, at the 1066:Synod of the Metropolitans 391:Identity cards controversy 304:In 2003, he fell out with 195:Christodoulos was born in 15: 2287: 2274: 2266: 2259: 1480:"Χριστοδουλοσ Και Χουντα" 1308:February 1, 2008, at the 1288:Eleftherotypia, 21/5/2001 975:Jackson Memorial Hospital 971:Miller School of Medicine 834:"Christodoulos of Athens" 154: 45: 38: 1612:, BBC News, 2002-03-22. 1552:January 8, 2006, at the 1527:"Pope breaks new ground" 1208:October 2, 2011, at the 1011:First Cemetery of Athens 956:hepatocellular carcinoma 712:Enlightenment philosophy 1898:, BBC News, 2003-12-05 1548:, BBC News, 2002-10-29 1529:, BBC News, 2001-05-03 1400:, BBC News, 2001-03-15 1064:was carried out by the 676:cannot accept what the 2219:June 15, 2007, at the 1902:June 18, 2006, at the 1467:Regime of the Colonels 1440:June 12, 2011, at the 1422:June 12, 2011, at the 1276:June 15, 2006, at the 1189:June 15, 2006, at the 1060:. The election of his 1013: 1002: 780:sack of Constantinople 629:crime against humanity 355: 159:Christos Paraskevaidis 100:Christos Paraskevaidis 1754:on September 29, 2007 1328:on September 29, 2007 1230:, Το Βήμα, 2008-08-03 1092:era of Christianity: 1055:Archbishop of America 1008: 1000: 649:monotonic orthography 443:Archbishop Hieronymus 354:Christodoulos in 2007 353: 255:University of Craiova 191:Early life and career 163:Χρήστος Παρασκευαΐδης 2277:Archbishop of Athens 2096:CNN/Anthee Carassava 1922:on September 5, 2012 1572:on February 26, 2008 1486:on December 15, 2005 1117:Notes and references 1072:on 7 February 2008. 1048:Archbishop of Cyprus 1029:Ecumenical Patriarch 899:September 11 attacks 819:improve this article 791:September 11 attacks 631:" and "a vehicle to 514:improve this section 449:Ecumenical relations 265:Tenure as Archbishop 212:University of Athens 167:Archbishop of Athens 40:Archbishop of Athens 2133:on February 3, 2008 2102:on January 29, 2008 1940:Manolis Vasilakis, 1916:"E Online - ÅËËÁÄÁ" 1831:on February 2, 2008 1636:on February 2, 2008 967:University of Miami 947:and diagnosed with 706:secondary education 2319:People from Xanthi 2252:, January 29, 2008 2072:The New York Times 2042:Athens News Agency 1597:The New York Times 1461:2005-12-15 at the 1226:2012-02-25 at the 1014: 1003: 903:World Trade Center 751:ethnic stereotypes 744:Theodoros Pangalos 678:Lord of This World 604:Ottoman occupation 584:The New York Times 571:Marietta Giannakou 429:violations by the 359:Support for Serbia 356: 259:University of Iasi 2297: 2296: 2288:Succeeded by 1950:978-960-252-007-9 1942:"Kala na pathoun" 1851:Missing or empty 1805:on March 24, 2007 1697:on March 22, 2005 895: 894: 887: 869: 702:Gerasimos Arsenis 558:Kostas Karamanlis 550: 549: 542: 467:as a whole) as a 455:Pope John Paul II 325:Pope Benedict XVI 321:Pope John Paul II 144: 143: 118:Kingdom of Greece 2366: 2267:Preceded by 2257: 2244: 2223: 2213:TV video capture 2211: 2207: 2201: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2162:. 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Index

Christodoulos
His Beatitude
Archbishop of Athens

Seraphim
Ieronymos II
Xanthi
Kingdom of Greece
Athens
Greece
Greek
Archbishop of Athens
Greece
primate
Autocephalous
Orthodox
Church of Greece
Xanthi
Thrace
World War II
University of Athens
deacon
priest
Palaio Faliro
Holy Synod
bishop
Demetrias
Volos
Thessaly
University of Craiova

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