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production in
England in the early 17th century and industrialised the process; his coal-powered factories in Newcastle upon Tyne produced much stronger bottles than were available in France. As a result, the English could deliberately induce a secondary fermentation in wine without the risk of blowing up the bottle, long before
212:, which destroyed many of the rooms and most of the books. The college felt that he was no longer needed, but he felt that he had been appointed for life and fought them before the King's Bench twice, losing both times. He was expelled from his rooms and lost his Fellowship. He was a founding Fellow of the
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Spontaneous secondary fermentation had occurred in still wines since antiquity; most glass bottles of the time were not strong enough to contain the high pressures thus generated and so exploding bottles were an occupational hazard of winemaking. Sir Robert
Mansell obtained a monopoly on glass
273:(1611) and added 147 pages of his own, from other authors and his own observations. His descriptions of glassmaking indicate an intimate familiarity with the process, but his modern claim to fame lies in a passing mention to a different field altogether. On 17 December 1662 he presented
248:…it is abundantly clear to me that many stones considered to be inorganic are fashioned out of animals or their parts through the action of some earthen fluid; that they had communicated their shape to the clay or soft earth, and had then perished though their figure was preserved
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was published in 1666 and is an alphabetical catalogue with no explanatory commentary. However it represents the first lists of
British birds and butterflies, and contains one of the first statements by an Englishman on the organic origin of fossils:
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The Art of Glass, wherein are shown the wayes to make and colour Glass, Pastes, Enamels, Lakes, and other
Curiosities. Written in Italian by Antonio Neri, and translated into English, with some observations on the
281:. In this paper, unearthed by wine writer Tom Stevenson, Merret describes winemakers adding quantities of sugar and molasses to make the wines drink brisk and sparkling. Today this would be called the
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An experiment of making cherry-trees, that have withered fruit, to bear full and good fruit; and recovering the almost withered fruit. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. II, 455 (abridged version, II, 652)
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An account of several observables in
Lincolnshire, not taken notice of in Camden, or any other author. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. XIX, 343–353 (abridged version, III, 533).
347:, although the last two were published in the year of his death and attributed to "Mr. Merret, Surveyor of the Port of Boston", which may have been his son Christopher.
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Observations concerning the uniting of barks of trees cut, to the tree itself. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. II, 453–454 (abridged version, III, 706).
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Merret collected new plants, maintained a herb garden and compiled one of the first lists of the flora, fauna and minerals of
England, the
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weighed; seeming to import a circulation of the sappe in plants. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. II, 455–457 (abridged version, II, 645–646).
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A description of several kinds of granaries, as those of London, of
Dantzick, and in Muscovy. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. II, 464–467.
208:, as the first Harveian Librarian, for which he received room and board and a small stipend. But disaster struck in 1666 with the
444:"'By Merit Raised to That Bad Eminence': Christopher Merrett, Artisanal Knowledge, and Professional Reform in Restoration London"
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A relation of the tinn-mines, and working of tinn in the county of
Cornwal. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. XII, 949–952.
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339:. Londini : Impensis Cave Pulleyn ad insigne Rosae in Coemeterio Divi Pauli, typis F. & T. Warren, 1666.
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physician and scientist. He was the first to document the deliberate addition of sugar for the production of
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A table of the washes in
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Although Merret appears to have been more interested in making glass than in making wine, producers of
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333:. Printed by Octavian Pulleyn, at the Sign of the Rose in St. Paul's Church-yard, London, 1662.
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such as
Ridgeview have been quick to use his name as a generic term to describe their wines.
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in order to stimulate a secondary fermentation that produces the bubbles in sparkling wine.
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1954 December; 47(12): 1053–1056. Old but detailed account of Merret's time at the RCP.
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Merret had a particular interest in industrial uses of minerals, publishing papers on
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in 1635, and his BMed and DMed from Gloucester Hall in 1636 and 1643 respectively.
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Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum, continens Vegetabilia, Animalia, et Fossilia
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on 16 February; Hunter gives the year of his birth as 1615, which may be 1614
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Gloucester Hall, Oxford (matriculated 1632); BMed (1636), DMed (1643);
493:"Christopher Merrett, F.R.C.P. (1614–1695), First Harveian Librarian"
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Christopher Merrett, F.R.C.P. (1614-1695), First Harveian Librarian
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The art of refining. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. XII, 1046–1052.
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is traditionally considered to have invented sparkling wine in
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The following papers ascribed to Merret were published in the
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in 1651. Three years later he moved to the RCP's premises at
145:(16 February 1614/1615 – 19 August 1695), also spelt
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Merret then practised medicine in London, becoming a
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615:Sounds of Summer: English wine, a quiet revolution
275:Some Observations concerning the Ordering of Wines
542:Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660–2007
345:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
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403:"Christopher Merrett Biographical Information"
564:Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. 54 (1), 23–32 (2000)
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498:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
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562:Christopher Merret's Use of Experiment
781:Original fellows of the Royal Society
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747:Works by or about Christopher Merret
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322:Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum
237:Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum
94:First description of sparkling wine
55:Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England
629:Uncorked: The Science of Champagne
617:Transcript of ABC radio programme.
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791:Alumni of Gloucester Hall, Oxford
801:17th-century English naturalists
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86:Oriel College, Oxford; BA (1635)
796:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
27:English physician and scientist
756:Inspiring physicians biography
656:Van Craaikamp, Jeroen (2006).
265:mining. In 1662 he translated
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662:The History of 'le' Champagne
627:Liger-Belair, GĂ©rard (2004).
356:Aloe Americana serrati-folia
111:Natural history, glassmaking
738:Works by Christopher Merret
491:Dodds, C. (December 1954).
253:Metallurgy and glass making
198:Royal College of Physicians
124:Royal College of Physicians
96:First list of British birds
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633:Princeton University Press
578:. Collins. pp. 18–19.
511:10.1177/003591575404701207
460:10.1017/S0025727300000260
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320:Title page of Merrett's
613:Mountain, Donna (2005)
806:English ornithologists
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574:Ford, E. B. (1977) .
442:Mauck, Aaron (2012).
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67:Hatton Garden, London
719:at Wikimedia Commons
225:St Andrew's, Holborn
210:Great Fire of London
283:méthode champenoise
206:St Paul's Cathedral
165:Merret was born in
18:Christopher Merrett
727:Works by or about
717:Christopher Merret
635:. pp. 12–13.
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285:, the addition of
136:Christopher Merret
52:16 February 1614/5
34:Christopher Merret
742:Project Gutenberg
729:Christoph Merrett
715:Media related to
688:Dodds, C. (1954)
642:978-0-691-11919-9
560:Koinm, AJ (2000)
505:(12): 1053–1056.
399:The Royal Society
354:An experiment on
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102:Scientific career
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116:Institutions
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576:Butterflies
202:Amen Corner
73:Nationality
765:Categories
733:Wikisource
672:2008-12-22
413:2008-01-05
381:References
231:Naturalist
167:Winchcombe
594:ignored (
584:cite book
299:Champagne
175:Old Style
149:, was an
529:13237193
478:23752982
259:smelting
749:at the
520:1919154
469:3314896
277:to the
196:of the
179:went up
151:English
147:Merrett
76:English
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331:author
324:, 1666
239:. The
194:Fellow
108:Fields
241:Pinax
204:near
187:Oriel
637:ISBN
596:help
525:PMID
474:PMID
261:and
161:Life
143:FRCP
61:Died
49:Born
740:at
731:at
515:PMC
507:doi
464:PMC
456:doi
269:’s
263:tin
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