659:
4322:
937:
has shown by his philological works on
Talmudic grammar and lexicography that he is at home in the rabbinic writings. Hermann Strack in Berlin demands special mention not only for his publications dealing with the literature of the Mishnah and the Talmud, but also on account of the fearless manner in
548:(d. 1718), the first to use Talmudic material for the study of the geography of Palestine; the bibliographers Unger (d. 1719) and Gagnier (d. 1720), who gave Wolf his information regarding the manuscripts in the Bodleian; J. H. Michaelis (d. 1738) and Mai (d. 1732), who compiled a catalogue of the
486:(d. 1722). It was a time in which the Christian theologian studied Hebrew and rabbinics before taking up his specific theological study. Hackspan (d. 1659) wrote upon the value to the theologian of studying the works of the Rabbis. Their writings on the Bible were read by Schickard (1635),
742:
During the second half of the 19th century, however, the idea gained currency that there was something to be learned by going back to the sources of this history; but only a very few of the universities made a place for this study in their curricula. At the beginning of the 18th century
178:
In the thirteenth century, Hebrew learning declined among native
Christians, while converts from Judaism mainly used their knowledge polemically against their co-ethnics. The tradition of scholarly Hebraism was strongest in England. Among the prominent English Hebraists were
1013:(1900), sustains potential historical inaccuracies from a perhaps selective review of Jewish literature of the relevant period, possibly most noticeable in a lack of regard for the Jewish literature and history during the most recent eighteen hundred years.
254:
It was not until the end of the 15th century that the
Renaissance and the Reformation, while awakening a new interest in the classics, brought about a return to the original text of Scripture and an attempt to understand the later literature of the Jews.
4178:
315:(1510-1580), born Jewish and converted first to Catholicism and soon thereafter became a Calvinist, producing the main Reformed translation of the Hebrew Bible into Latin (he also translated the New Testament from the Syriac into Latin).
310:
During the whole of the 16th century it was Hebrew grammar and Jewish exegesis that claimed attention. Christian scholars were not ashamed to be the students of Jewish teachers. In fact, one of the most noted
Hebraists of this period was
4186:
1021:
The following list of
Christian Hebraists includes material taken from the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), compiled upon the basis of Steinschneider's article mentioned in the bibliography below. Christian students of the
4244:
718:
became less and less a subject of investigation by
Christians; and when it was studied it was generally for the purpose of forging weapons against the people whose literature it was. This is seen in such works as
443:
Through
Buxtorf a serious attempt was made to understand the post-Biblical literature, and many of the most important works were translated into Latin. In this connection the following names may be mentioned:
613:(d. 1838) can hardly be mentioned by the side of the humanists of previous centuries. Interest in the text of the Bible caused some work to be done in the collecting of Hebrew manuscripts, especially by
4493:
954:
has served to bring them more closely to the attention of
Christian scholars. The roll of Christian Hebraists in England includes the names of J. W. Etheridge, the author of a popular
494:(d. 1712), while catalogues of Hebrew collections were published by Plantavitius (d. 1651), Le Long (d. 1721), and Montfaucon (d. 1741). Hottinger gave this literature a place in his
1001:), who, though making a great advance upon previous efforts, still relies upon second-hand sources for many of the pictures that he draws (see Abrahams in "J. Q. R." xi. 628).
4488:
4539:
875:, in his "Erläuterung der Evangelien aus Midrasch und Talmud" (1878), enlarged the scope of the inquiry begun by Lightfoot; and his translations from the
755:
among the
Oriental languages which he taught at Heidelberg; but he had few imitators; and in the 19th century, apart from a few stray courses, such as
421:
3105:
2633:
537:
668:
4534:
2365:
1565:
1550:
1500:
701:
147:(d.1142) recommended that Christian scholars take up the language of the Old Testament and many followed this recommendation. The
433:
4529:
303:
was the first to write a dictionary and short grammar of the Hebrew language (1506). A more detailed grammar was published by
4045:
2128:
307:
in 1590. But interest still centered wholly around the Bible and the expository literature immediately connected therewith.
116:, however, knowledge of Hebrew was historically scarce outside of converts from Judaism. It has often been claimed that the
3653:
2604:
2568:
470:; Jewish theology was studied by Carpzov (d. 1699), Wagenseil (1705; whose letters show how he gathered information), and
425:
4524:
4519:
152:
4473:
540:(d. 1797), though not a scholarly Hebraist, gave an accurate account of Jewish ceremonials. By the side of these stand
4055:
3082:
2762:
1739:
621:
in Italy (1784–88). The last-named made a valuable collection of Hebrew manuscripts; and by his side may be mentioned
219:
210:
took up Hebrew, but their purpose was evangelical. They were instrumental, however, in setting up chairs of Hebrew in
140:
359:, and collected the Hebrew manuscripts which formed the basis of the Hebrew division of the Royal Library at Munich.
4468:
3982:
3525:
2321:
1697:
933:, have attempted, by their various publications, to diffuse in the Christian world a knowledge of Jewish writings.
618:
568:(1778), certainly the most learned Christian student of post-Biblical Jewish literature that America has produced.
523:
560:(1744) is said to have been a converted Jew, and therefore finds no place here. Special mention should be made of
437:
400:, but endeavored to understand Jewish history, and he was the first real bibliographer. Women showed an interest:
3919:
3825:
2617:
2490:
2434:
1980:
1840:
1560:
1439:
813:
409:
376:
3854:
3830:
2360:
672:
479:
2954:
2884:
1993:
1644:
1473:
1394:
864:
833:
821:
638:
471:
4135:
3976:
3946:
3922:
3906:
3775:
3671:
3506:
3101:
2800:
2059:
744:
449:
4175:
Comment Justin a-t-il acquis sa connaissance exceptionnelle des exégèses juives (contenus et méthodes) ?
2994:
2864:
2455:
1824:
4344:
3680:
3414:
3385:
3032:
2621:
2540:
2382:
2206:
2090:
1895:
1658:
1372:
1216:
801:
401:
231:
3644:
3270:
2715:
2467:
1612:
1532:
950:, for many years called attention to publications on Jewish subjects, and the mention of such works in the
4032:
3744:
2948:
2741:
2573:
2286:
2265:
2253:
2144:
1886:
1860:
1800:
1745:
1703:
1691:
1638:
1508:
630:
491:
148:
4245:" Le manuscrit Latin 1405 de la Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (Paris), autographe et œuvre d’un converti"
3166:
3153:
1876:
390:(d. 1629) marks a turning-point in the study of Jewish literature by Christians. He not only studied the
172:
4444:
4356:
4092:
4008:
3986:
3937:
3715:
3287:
3004:
2753:
2418:
2325:
2171:
2065:
2021:
1918:
1411:
825:
556:; Mill (d. 1756), who treated rabbinical exegesis; and Wähner (1762), who described Hebrew antiquities.
527:
235:
4129:
4026:
3819:
3565:
3542:
3280:
3261:
2919:
2167:
2053:
1870:
1844:
1261:
1210:
1204:
588:
549:
276:
120:(d.735) knew something of Hebrew. However, his knowledge appears to have been gleaned entirely from St
4083:
3876:
3721:
2237:
2124:
2112:
1310:
1271:
4489:
Philippe
Bobichon, La polémique contre les juifs dans les travaux des hébraïsants chrétiens de France
4141:
4064:
4039:
3931:
3860:
3762:
3628:
3592:
3569:
3424:
3334:
3311:
3297:
3242:
3232:
3066:
2779:
2693:
2387:
1758:
1679:
1606:
1467:
793:
789:
576:
Towards the end of the 18th century such friends of Hebrew literature became ever rarer. The rise of
316:
296:
256:
223:
156:
113:
94:
3952:
3354:
3210:
2985:
2925:
2562:
2530:
2351:
2341:
2308:
2221:
1967:
1545:
1537:
720:
622:
413:
4110:
3848:
3456:
3438:
2773:
2508:
2472:
2461:
2271:
2157:
2118:
1854:
1632:
1245:
918:
817:
782:
483:
417:
360:
356:
312:
288:
268:
227:
211:
109:
4285:
4020:
3428:
3137:
2725:
2719:
2177:
1343:
1316:
3611:
3246:
3216:
3010:
2868:
2663:
2608:
2598:
2484:
2440:
1495:
1426:
1300:
829:
614:
577:
553:
192:
188:
4335:
2970:
2653:
967:
805:
352:
4049:
3782:
3358:
4291:
4116:
3727:
3601:
3552:
3408:
3364:
3220:
3127:
2893:
2854:
2292:
2231:
1813:
1602:
1596:
1526:
1479:
1388:
1382:
1002:
872:
731:, and even in the works of Hitzig and Ewald. There was no understanding even of the period of
715:
610:
445:
324:
215:
180:
160:
2729:
4396:
4366:
4331:
3992:
3803:
3686:
3662:
3559:
3344:
3324:
3187:
3121:
3111:
2831:
2814:
2424:
2243:
2225:
2194:
2134:
2030:
1784:
1765:
1685:
1622:
1485:
1404:
1362:
1290:
906:
860:
797:
581:
387:
372:
280:
239:
164:
43:
843:
In more recent times Christian scholars have given Jewish literature their attention. Abbé
4434:
4240:
3890:
3486:
3465:
3418:
3226:
2874:
2676:
2592:
2402:
1946:
1804:
1675:
1458:
1420:
1222:
926:
894:
856:
836:, in America. The Jews had been allowed to work out by themselves the new Jewish science (
511:
320:
207:
184:
3881:
4339:
4305:
4207:
4104:
3839:
3835:
3788:
3252:
2913:
2769:
2757:
2747:
2277:
2200:
1912:
1733:
1713:
1586:
1452:
1333:
1280:
959:
943:
930:
844:
809:
732:
557:
475:
457:
453:
429:
336:
332:
328:
243:
133:
117:
764:
4513:
4326:
3546:
3452:
3432:
3076:
3056:
3022:
2974:
2785:
2331:
2313:
2247:
1717:
934:
756:
736:
498:; Otho (1672) wrote a biographical lexicon of the Mishnah teachers; and Bartolocci's
487:
368:
292:
272:
144:
129:
90:
82:
47:
4478:
65:
The early fathers of the Christian Church got their knowledge of Hebrew traditions (
4376:
4273:
4269:
4077:
3998:
3307:
3274:
2980:
2903:
2553:
1788:
1573:
1321:
1232:
939:
902:
683:
565:
510:
The first half of the 18th century contains the names of three important scholars.
405:
283:
and other dignitaries, both of the state and of the Church, studied Hebrew and the
121:
39:
17:
3615:
3583:
2818:
2687:
2373:
1566:
981:, ii. 165), that in order to understand the Bible text itself a deep study of the
768:
530:(d. 1739), who, with the help of the Oppenheimer library, was able to produce his
4501:
4424:
Kauffmann, Jacob Mantino, in R. E. J. xxvii. 30 et seq. (comp. J. Q. R. ix. 500);
2366:
4265:
4004:
3900:
3692:
3117:
2643:
2517:
2096:
2010:
2006:
1864:
1489:
1356:
1294:
989:
continue their disregard of the primary sources. This may be seen in Hausrath's
848:
847:
has done good service by his many articles on the literature of the Jews in the
760:
561:
518:
was the first attempt at a complete presentation of the history of Judaism. The
344:
304:
203:
196:
4183:
L'enseignement juif, païen, hérétique et chrétien dans l'œuvre de Justin Martyr
3622:
3605:
3060:
3016:
2964:
2897:
2683:
2637:
2071:
2046:
1987:
1936:
1522:
1304:
1226:
1198:
1191:
851:
and by the assistance he has given to scholars from the Hebrew manuscripts at
679:
168:
3956:
3738:
3731:
3632:
3473:
3469:
3328:
3236:
3070:
2181:
2161:
2100:
1971:
1590:
1512:
1430:
1376:
1236:
890:
602:
541:
461:
86:
70:
66:
3442:
3318:
3291:
1880:
788:
Honorable exceptions in this respect were furnished in the universities of
128:(b.735), who revised the Biblical translation of Jerome. The ninth-century
1026:
more generally were not included, as they may be found in other articles.
371:(d. 1565) was the first Christian to compile a catalogue of Hebrew books;
4474:
Hebraic Aspects of the Renaissance: Sources and Encounters (Leiden, 2011)
4154:
3696:
3497:
3050:
2807:
2014:
1772:
1668:
1616:
886:
748:
634:
300:
284:
78:
59:
35:
4325: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3317:
Plantavitius, Johannes/Jean VI. Plantavit de la Pause (Bishop; 1625–48;
534:, which laid the foundation for all later works in Hebrew bibliography.
4068:
3963:
3576:
3510:
3446:
3399:
3372:
3368:
3348:
3157:
2939:
2932:
2907:
2842:
2709:
2647:
2478:
2428:
2406:
2393:
2355:
1950:
1831:
1516:
1327:
1284:
1265:
982:
973:
In spite, however, of these facts and of the warning given by Lagarde (
929:, and a similar society bearing the same name in Berlin and founded by
922:
885:(1880) was, with all its failings, an honest attempt to understand the
877:
777:
606:
598:
593:
466:
260:
74:
101:'s teachers are even mentioned by name such as Bar Ḥanina (Hananiah).
4272:
friar who lived about 1150, must at least have been able to read the
3043:
2998:
2878:
2835:
2534:
2345:
1848:
1817:
1749:
1724:
1580:
1551:
1443:
1366:
1249:
905:, Emperor of Brazil, should also be mentioned for his publication of
772:
642:
545:
392:
348:
264:
125:
98:
55:
51:
1009:(3d ed.), endeavors to do some justice to the rabbis of old, in his
942:
prejudice, drawing his material directly from the original sources.
714:
The downward trend continued in the first half of the 19th century;
187:(d.1228), who composed a Hebrew–Latin dictionary of Biblical terms;
159:(d.1146) was the most prominent Victorine Hebraist and his student,
54:
to Jews), but Christians have occasionally taken an interest in the
3894:
3769:
3490:
3338:
3191:
3036:
1922:
1662:
1626:
1501:
1398:
1337:
1023:
986:
852:
626:
502:(1675) was a worthy continuation of these bibliographical labors.
364:
4379:, Z. G. pp. 1 et seq. (re-published in G. S. i. 41 et seq.);
3480:
3195:
3026:
2657:
2335:
2042:
Einsiedel, Marg. Sybilla (wife of Conrad Löser; c. 1670; Saxony)
1940:
1929:
1707:
4177:, Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie, 139, 2007, pp. 101-126
4214:(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983), vol. 3, pp. 313–14.
2138:
652:
263:, gave more than 20,000 francs to establish a Hebrew chair at
4223:
E. F. Sutcliffe, "The Venerable Bede's Knowledge of Hebrew",
1029:
966:(1877), and editor of Al-Ḥarizi's translation of Ḥariri; and
77:) from their Jewish teachers. That is seen especially in the
167:(d.c.1167) to acquire deeper grammatical understanding. The
4391:
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Hebraisch und Aramaisch Studien
4185:, Revue des Études Augustiniennes 45/2 (1999), pp. 233-259
299:(d. 1494) was the first to collect Hebrew manuscripts, and
143:, contact between Christian and Jewish scholars increased.
4408:
Die Vertretung der Jüden Wissenschaft an den Universitäten
4061:
Winckler, Jo. Fried. (b. 1679, Wertheim; d. 1738, Germany)
3756:
Spalding, G. L. (b. 1762, Barth; d. 1811, Friedrichsfelde)
739:'s complaint in regard to this was only too well founded.
3800:
Stucki, Johann Wilhelm (b. 1542, Zurich; d. 1607, Zurich)
2860:
Maria Eleonore (wife of Ludwig Philipp of Pfalz; c. 1669)
2794:
Losius, Johann Justus, (1685-approximately 1737; Germany)
881:
opened up the stores of ancient Jewish exegesis. Weber's
552:; Baratier (d. 1740), the youthful prodigy, who wrote on
218:(1312) ordered chairs established at the universities of
155:
also worked with Hebrew, but it was secondary to Arabic.
4429:
Orientalische Philologie, in Die Deutschen Universitäten
859:
has translated and commentated the "Meteḳ Sefatayim" of
970:, who edited the Palestinian recension of the Mishnah.
840:), little attention being paid to that work by others.
544:(d. 1750), the translator and printer of Hebrew books;
375:(d. 1613) busied himself with the Jewish calendar, and
46:. The main area of study is that commonly known as the
27:
Scholar of Hebrew who comes from a Christian background
899:
Religiondes Judenthums im Neutestamentlichen Zeitalter
151:
became the centre of Hebraism in western Europe. The
3842:), Swiss Jesuit (b. 1580, Constance; d. 1630, China)
3598:
Scherzer, Jo. Adam (b. 1628, Eger; d. 1683, Leipzig)
404:, the "star of the century", in the Dutch Republic;
112:
have always been reading and using Hebrew texts. In
3088:
Myerlin, David Fr. (d. 1778; Frankfort-on-the-Main)
3085:(b. 1775 Dunkitterick, Galloway; d. 1813 Edinburgh)
2797:
Lowe, W. H. (William Henry), (1848–1917; Cambridge)
1242:
Amoena Amalia (wife of Duke Louis; d. 1625, Anhalt)
735:during which Christianity arose and developed; and
3943:Vinding, Jo. Paul (c. 1633; Dutch Republic ?)
2541:Imbonatus, Carlus Josephus/Carlo Giuseppe Imbonati
2415:Hebenstreit, Johann Christian (1686–1756; Leipsic)
883:System der Altsynagogalen Palestinischen Theologie
238:. Paris had the leading Hebraist of the period in
1961:Dithmar, Just. Christ. (c. 1706; Dutch Republic?)
379:(d. 1616) with the ethical writings of the Jews.
2705:Lederlin, Johann Heinrich (1672–1737; Strasburg)
2027:Ebertus, Theod. (d. 1630; Frankfort-on-the-Oder)
584:engaged the whole interest of Semitic scholars.
478:(d. 1667), Hottinger (d. 1667), Hyde (d. 1700),
3496:Rhenferdius, Jac. (b. 1654, MĂĽhlheim; d. 1712,
1986:Drusius, Jo. II. (son of preceding; 1588–1609;
985:is necessary, Christian writers on the life of
464:(1698), who gave a complete translation of the
3204:Pasinus, Jos. (b. 1687, Padua; d. 1770, Turin)
3174:Ouserl, Phil. (c. 1714; Frankfort-on-the Main)
2589:Kennedy, Archibald Robert Stirling (1859–1938)
291:attempted the Hebrew language with the aid of
3702:Sebastianus, Aug. Nouzanus (c. 1532; Marburg)
526:(d.1704) exhibits a mass of Jewish learning.
8:
4384:Studium der Hebraisch Sprache in Deutschland
4251:, Santa Coloma de Queralt, 2017, pp. 39-101.
3845:Theobald (?) (Subprior; 14th century; Paris)
3677:Schulten, Jo. Jac. (1716–78; Dutch Republic)
2963:Mieg, Jo. Frid. (b. 1700, Marburg; d. 1788,
343:. Widmanstadt (1523), living in a colony of
4352:The bibliography of that article is below:
4249:Ramon MartĂs Pugio Fidei. Studies and Texts
3659:Schroeder, Jo. Joachim (1680–1756; Marburg)
3098:Nagel, Jo. Andr. Mich. (1740–1788; Altdorf)
2379:Hardt, Herm. van der (1660–1746; Helmstädt)
2153:Friesen, Henr. Kath. (17th century; Saxony)
1810:Cnollen, Jos. Nicol. (brother of preceding)
2586:Keller, Gottl. Wilh. (17th century; Jena )
2207:Galatinus, Petrus/Galatino, Pietro Colonna
1955:Diogo Correa Coelho (c. 1990; {Australia})
1255:Anna Sophia, Abbess (c. 1658; Quedlinburg)
1187:Aarhus, Peter Sim. (c. 1711; Hafen ?)
682:. Please do not remove this message until
4363:, in Zeit. fĂĽr Hebr. Bibl. i. 50 et seq.;
4268:, and identified by S. R. Hirsch with an
4206:Aryeh Grabois, "Christian Hebraists", in
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
3650:Schramm, Jonas Conr. (c. 1700; Helmstädt)
2559:Janvier, Renatus Ambros. (1613–82; Paris)
1417:Becks, Matth. Frid. (1649–1701; Augsburg)
702:Learn how and when to remove this message
331:(d. 1549), as a printer of Hebrew books.
242:(d.1349), while following him was Bishop
3759:Sprecher, Jo. Died. (c. 1703; Helmstädt)
2702:Langens, Henr. (c. 1720; Dutch Republic)
2087:Fabricius, Fred. (1642–1703; Wittenberg)
2039:Einem, Jo. Justus von (c. 1738; Germany)
1755:Christmann, Jac. (1554–1613; Heidelberg)
1258:Anna (Weissbrucker) Urban (16th century)
867:has collected some good material in his
725:Thesaurus Linguæ Hebr. c Mischna Augendi
678:Relevant discussion may be found on the
199:(d.c.1292), who wrote a Hebrew grammar.
4166:
4074:Witter, Henr. Bernh. (c. 1703; Germany)
3753:Sonneschmid, Jo. Just. (c. 1719; Jena?)
3750:Sommer, Gottfr. Chris. (c. 1734; Gotha)
3163:Opitius, Paul Friedr. (1684–1745; Kiel)
3019:(b. 1614, Grantham; d. 1687, Cambridge)
1778:Clanner (J. G. ?) (c. 1726 ?)
1277:Antonia, Duchess (d. 1679; WĂĽrttemberg)
287:with Jewish teachers; even the warrior
171:tradition of Hebrew studies began with
4469:Christian Hebraists in the Netherlands
4017:Walther, Christ. (c. 1705; Königsberg)
4007:(Latin: Otho Gualtperius) (1543-1624;
3286:Pfeiffer, August (b. 27 October 1640,
3267:Petit, Pietro Giov, de (d. 1740; Rome)
2991:Molitor, Christoph. (c. 1659; Altdorf)
2614:Koccher, Herrm. Fried. (c. 1783; Jena)
1901:Croius (?), Jo. (18th century; Oxford)
1464:Bircherode, Jan. (1623–86; Copenhagen)
1373:Baratier, Johann Philipp/Jean-Phillipe
785:was ignored by European universities.
4540:Converts to Christianity from Judaism
4483:among Christian Hebraists, 1517–1620"
3797:Struvius, Jo. Jul. (c. 1697; Germany)
3177:Owmann, Mart. Jac. (c. 1705; Germany)
2791:Loscan, Joh. Frid. (c. 1710; Germany)
2682:Lakemacher, Johann Gottfried (1695,
2452:Hirt, Jo. Frid. (1719–84; Wittenberg)
2195:Gaffarellus, Jacobus/Jacques Gaffarel
2106:Faust, Jo. Friedr. (c. 1706; Germany)
997:, p. 659), and even in SchĂĽrer (
804:(which has produced such scholars as
319:(d. 1552) was known as a grammarian;
7:
4439:Semitic Studies in American Colleges
3949:(b. 1751, Delft; d. 1833, Amsterdam)
3781:Steinmetz, Joh. Andr. (b. 1689, Gr.
3778:(b. 1672, Engelen; d. 1717, Leipsic)
3647:(b. 1603, Scheng; d. 1671, Franeker)
3589:Scheidt, Balth. (1614–70; Strasburg)
2945:Meyer, Jo. (c. 1693; Dutch Republic)
2857:(b. 1396, Florence; d. 1459, Naples)
2851:Manfred (?), King (d. 1266; Germany)
2605:Knorr, Christian, Baron de Rosenroth
2449:Hinckelmann, Alr. (1652–95; Hamburg)
2036:Eggers, Jo. (c. 1719; Basel; Leyden)
1981:Johannes van den Driesche, "Drusius"
1794:Clodius, Jo. Chr. (d. 1633; Leipzig)
1723:Castro, Joh. Rodriguez de (1739–96;
191:(fl.1272–79), who was patronised by
3794:Stridzberg, Nic. H. (c. 1731; Lund)
3768:Staemmen, Christoph. van (c. 1661;
3638:Schoettgen, Jo. Christ. (1687–1751)
3405:Rapheleng, Franc. (b. 1539; Lannoy)
3386:Quinquaboreus (Cinqarbre), Johannes
3171:Otho, Jo. Henr. (d. 1719; Lausanne)
3112:Nicholas Of Lyra (Nicolaus Lyranus)
3007:(b. 1655, Soulange; d. 1741, Paris)
2848:Malamina, Cæsar (c. 1774; Florence)
2738:Lenz, Jo. Leonh. (c. 1700; Germany)
2634:Kosegarten, Johann Gottfried Ludwig
2283:Groddeck, Gaḅr. (1672–1709; Danzig)
2109:Ferrand, Lud. (c. 1640–1700; Paris)
2045:Eisenmenger, Joh. And. (1654–1704;
516:L'Histoire de la Religion des Juifs
4494:Online version of Reuchlin's 1506
3519:Rohan, Anna, Princess of (c. 1634)
3133:Norrelius, Andr. (c. 1720; Upsala)
2931:MeelfĂĽhrer, Rud. Martin (b. 1670,
2630:Köppen, Nic. (c. 1709; Greifswald)
2576:(1470–1531; "Episcopus Nebiensis")
2496:Hottinger, Jo. Henr. II. (c. 1704)
2215:Gaudia, Barthol. Valverdio (Spain)
2150:Frey, Jo. Ludw. (1682–1759; Basel)
1996:(1796 Aberdeen – 26 February 1870)
1892:Crenius, Thom. (1648–1728; Leyden)
1449:Bengel (?), Eric (c. 1692; Sweden)
956:Introduction to Hebrew Literature
538:Johann Christian Georg Bodenschatz
482:(d. 1705), Breithaupt (1707), and
25:
4212:The Dictionary of the Middle Ages
4089:Wolf (?), Georg (c. 1557; Grimma)
3903:(1724–1796, Hungarian; d. Oxford)
3306:Pistorius, Jo. Nidanus (b. 1544,
3258:Pertsch, W. H. F. (c. 1720; Jena)
3188:Pagninus, Xanthus/?Santes Pagnini
3150:Odhelius, Laur. (d. 1691; Upsala)
2287:Guidacerius (Guidacier), Agathius
2084:Fabricius, Ern. Christ. (c. 1792)
1436:Beke, Matth. (c. 1708; Amsterdam)
42:family background/belief or is a
4502:Online version of Walper's 1590
4348:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
4320:
4262:Magister Andreas, natione Anglus
3873:Ulmann, Jo. (c. 1663; Strasburg)
3708:Seiferheld, J. L. (18th century)
3705:Seidel, Casp. (c. 1638; Hamburg)
3558:Salchli (?), Jo. Jac. (b. 1694,
3538:Sebutia, Cæcilia (c. 1683; Rome)
3136:Novenianus, Phil. (?) (c. 1520;
2890:Margoliouth, G. (living; London)
2803:(c. 1700; Frankfort-on-the-Main)
2735:Le Long, Jac. (1665–1721; Paris)
2708:Lehmann, Ge. Heinrich (1619–99;
2218:Gaulmyn, Gilb. (d. 1667; France)
1476:(c. 1699; Frankfort-on-the-Main)
1410:Beckmann, Jo. Christ. (c. 1677;
991:Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte
657:
434:Charles Ludwig of the Palatinate
267:; as the chair of Hebrew at the
4046:Widmannstetter, Johann Albrecht
4042:) (b. 1419, Groningen; d. 1489)
3201:Palmroot, Jo. (c. 1696; Upsala)
2412:Havemann, Chris. (17th century)
2262:Giggeius, Ant. (d. 1632; Milan)
2156:Frommann, Erh. Andr. (1722–74;
1964:Donatus, Franc. (d. 1635; Rome)
1911:Dachs, Fried. Bernh. (c. 1726;
1700:(Benedictine; 1639–99; Leipzig)
1579:Brighenti, Gio. Ant. (d. 1702;
946:, in his yearly reports in the
271:, Francis offered the chair to
202:In the fourteenth century, the
44:Jewish adherent of Christianity
4421:, in J. Q. R. xii. 34 et seq.;
4403:, in R. E. J. xx. 264 et seq.;
3928:Varen, Aug. (d. 1684; Rostock)
3668:Schulten, Car. (c. 1725; Lund)
3654:Schreckenfuchs, Erasmus Oswald
3503:Ritmeier, Chr. Henr. (c. 1697)
2505:Huldrich, Jo. Jac. (1683–1731)
2121:, the elder (1683–1745; Paris)
1781:Samuel Clark (c. 1657; Oxford)
1197:Adler, Jac. Ge Chr. (d. 1805;
869:The Evangelists and the Mishna
327:(d. 1541), as lexicographers;
214:across Europe. The ecumenical
132:, who worked in the circle of
1:
4308:, retrieved on 22 April 2010.
3621:Schmidt, Sebastian (c. 1656;
3516:Robustellus, Jo. (1655; Rome)
3079:(Minorite; b. 1475; d. 1537?)
2863:Maria Elizabeth (daughter of
2806:Ludwig, Christ. L. (b. 1663,
2627:König, Sam. (1670–1750; Bern)
2569:Franciscus Junius (the elder)
2491:Hottinger, Johann Heinrich I.
2399:Hartmann, Jo. Phil. (c. 1708)
2212:Galle, Joh. (c. 1711; Upsala)
1837:Collins, G. (c. 1890; Oxford)
1764:Cibo—? (wife of Joh. Verano,
341:Travels of Benjamin of Tudela
279:, who declined to accept it.
4431:, p. 520, Berlin, 1893;
4274:Bible in the Hebrew original
4101:Wolph (?), Jo. Hac. (ZĂĽrich)
4098:Wolf, Jo. W. (d. 1571; Gera)
4058:(b. 1685; d. 1748, Hadleigh)
3479:Rezzonius, Franc. (b. 1731,
3303:Picques, L. (c. 1670; Paris)
2298:Guyenne, De (c. 1625; Paris)
1977:Dove, John (c. 1746; London)
1974:; 17th century; Saxe-Weimar)
1935:Dassovius, Theod. (d. 1721;
1928:Danz, Jo. Andr. (1654–1728;
1797:Cluverus, Jo. (17th century)
1730:Cellarius (?), Jo. (c. 1518)
1561:Breithaupt, Johann Friedrich
438:Duke Eberhard of WĂĽrttemberg
246:(d.1435), a Jewish convert.
4479:"The Strange Career of the
4181: ; Philippe Bobichon,
3983:Wagenseil, Johann Christoph
3966:), Jos. de (c. 1635; Paris)
3920:Bartolomè Valverde y Gandìa
3711:Seyfried, Christ. (c. 1664)
3665:(1686–1750; Dutch Republic)
3641:Scholl, J. C. F. (TĂĽbingen)
3526:Rossi, Giovanni Bernardo de
2841:Mai, Joh. Hen. (1688–1732;
2763:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
2361:Hardt, Anton Julius Von Der
1740:Chevalier, Antoine Rodolphe
1017:List of Christian Hebraists
952:Orientalische Bibliographie
948:Theologischer Jahresbericht
684:conditions to do so are met
564:, the learned president of
426:Frederick of the Palatinate
163:(fl.1162–89), studied with
141:Twelfth-Century Renaissance
4556:
4504:Grammatica linguae sanctae
3932:Vatablé/Watebled, François
3889:Urbanus Henricus Rhegius (
3831:Francis Taylor (1589-1656)
3747:(b. 1638, London; d. 1710)
3737:Siegfried, Carl (b. 1830,
3714:Seyfried, Henr. (c. 1663;
3509:(b. 1601, Halle; d. 1656,
3409:Raymund Martin/RamĂłn MartĂ
3398:Rabe, Joh. Jac. (1710–98;
3106:Regius Professor of Hebrew
2955:Michaelis, Johann Heinrich
2666:(16th century; Strasburg?)
2435:Hepburn, James Bonaventure
2020:Ebertus, Jac. (1549–1614;
1958:Disma, P. (c. 1757; Italy)
1841:Cornaro, Piscopia Cornelia
1771:Ciselius, Phil. (c. 1696;
1440:Bellermann, Johann Joachim
1190:Abicht, Jo. Ge. (d. 1740;
763:at TĂĽbingen, Lagarde's on
729:Biblisches Real Wörterbuch
619:Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi
580:and of the study of other
460:(d. 1699); and especially
124:. The same may be said of
4485:by Stephen Burnett (2012)
4401:Les Hébraisants Chrétiens
4243:. See: Philippe Bobichon,
4023:(d. 1663; Dutch Republic)
3977:Wagenseil, Helena Sybilla
3947:Voorst, Dick Cornelis van
3826:Charles Taylor (Hebraist)
3776:Starke, Heinrich Benedict
3674:(1749–93; Dutch Republic)
3672:Schulten, Heinrich Albert
3575:Sartorius, Jo. (b. 1656,
3507:Rivinius, Tileman Andreas
3327:(Plato Tiburtinus, 1116;
2885:Margoliouth, David Samuel
2801:Ludolf, Susanna Magdalena
2502:Hufnagel, G. F. (c. 1795)
1474:Bleibtreu, Philipp Johann
1395:Bashuysen, Heinrich Jacob
1313:(c. 1680; Dutch Republic)
1248:(princess; 17th century;
753:Rabbinisch und Chaldäisch
625:(or Giuseppe Passini) in
617:in England (1776–80) and
410:Queen Christina of Sweden
275:, the friend of Cardinal
4535:Christianity and Judaism
4458:, in J. Q. R. ix. 509.G.
4373:, passim, Leipsic, 1815;
4371:Gesch. der Hebr. Sprache
4290:Was Lehrt Uns Harnack?'
4136:Andreas Christoph Zeller
4080:, (1501 - 1573, Germany)
3923:Bartholomaeus Valverdius
3907:Cnaeus Cornelius Uythage
3809:Svetonio, Agost. (Italy)
3681:Schurman, Anna Maria van
3553:Sacy, Isaac Silvestre de
2995:Molza-Porrino, Tarquinia
2499:Houting, Henr. (c. 1695)
2456:Hochsteter, Andreas Adam
2383:Hartmann, Anton Theodors
2091:Fabricius, Johann Albert
1830:Collin, C. E. (c. 1705;
1346:(c. 1730; Berlin ?)
1039:
964:Legends from the Midrash
834:Johns Hopkins University
822:University of California
796:was sublibrarian of the
781:at Berlin, the whole of
639:Giuseppe Simone Assemani
591:, the translator of the
514:knew no Hebrew, but his
474:(1641); antiquities, by
472:Johann Stephan Rittangel
4496:De rudimentis hebraicis
4419:Early English Hebraists
4393:, pp. 154 et seq.;
4345:The Jewish Encyclopedia
4086:(1699–1750; Copenhagen)
3851:(1510 – 9 October 1580)
3582:Saubert, Jo. (1638–88;
3541:Sigæa, Aloysa (wife of
3522:Rönnow, Magn. (d. 1690)
3462:Rendtorf, Jo. (Hamburg)
3421:; 1175–1275; Barcelona)
3118:Nigri (Schwartz), Peter
2960:Midhorp, Joh. (c. 1562)
2949:Michaelis, Johann David
2865:Duke Christian Albrecht
2766:by the Catholic Church)
2618:König, Friedrich Eduard
2601:(Jesuit; 1602–80; Rome)
2514:Husen, Franc. (c. 1676)
2145:Francke, August Hermann
2060:Empereur, Constantin l'
1861:Cotta, Johann Friedrich
1825:Wilhelmus van der Codde
1704:Cartwright, Christopher
1657:Cademannus, Jos. Rud. (
1645:Buxtorf, Johannes Jakob
1639:Buxtorf, Johannes Jakob
1283:(Benedictine; d. 1598;
1213:(17th century; Bohemia)
1011:Wesen des Christenthums
597:into German (d. 1798),
436:; Antonia, daughter of
402:Anna Maria van Schurman
4530:Judeo-Christian topics
4456:A Princess as Hebraist
4361:Christliche Hebraisten
4342:; et al. (eds.).
4306:August Pfeiffer (Poet)
4113:(1651–1724; Nuremberg)
3886:(1492 - 1572, Germany)
3689:(1585–1636; Nuremberg)
3614:(d. 1604; Wittenberg;
3290:; d. 11 January 1698,
3042:Muhl, Henr. (b. 1666,
2938:Mercer, Jo. (d. 1570;
2916:(1844 - 1905, England)
2716:Lehmann, Maria Barbara
2468:Hommel ,Carl Ferdinand
2446:Hilpert, Jo. (c. 1651)
2259:Germberg, Herm. (1604)
1659:Johann Rudolf Cademann
1619:; 16th century; Pozzo)
1613:Burgonovo, Archangelus
1533:Böschenstain, Johannes
1468:Biscioni, Anton. Maria
1461:(1853 - 1932, Germany)
1217:Alfonso de Leon Zamora
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
938:which he has combated
631:Antonio Maria Biscioni
496:Bibliotheca Orientalis
363:(d. 1547) made use of
351:, studied Hebrew with
149:School of Saint Victor
136:(d.856), knew Hebrew.
4445:Moritz Steinschneider
4414:, xxxix. 145 et seq.;
4357:Moritz Steinschneider
4065:Winer, Jo. Ge. Bened.
4014:Walter, Jo. (c. 1710)
3959:; d. 1633, Amsterdam)
3861:Tychsen, Oluf Gerhard
3734:; d. 1678, Cambridge)
3288:Lauenburg an der Elbe
3271:Petrus de Alexandrica
3255:(Abbé; living, Parma)
3167:Osterbröck, Aaggaens.
3114:(c. 1270–1349; Paris)
3029:; d. 1700, Amsterdam)
3005:Bernard de Montfaucon
2813:Lund, Dan. (b. 1666,
2742:Lepusculus, Sebastian
2574:Justinianus, Augustin
2493:(1620–67; Heidelberg)
2458:(1668–1717; Tübingen)
2437:(1573–1621; Scotland)
2254:Georgios, Chrysococca
2022:Frankfort-on-the-Oder
1887:Cramer, Johann Rudolf
1847:; (1646–1684) ;
1827:) (1575–1630; Leyden)
1801:Cnollen, Adam Andreas
1633:Buxtorf, Johannes II.
1609:) (1667–1729; Halle?)
1470:(1674–1756; Florence)
1412:Frankfurt-an-der-Oder
838:JĂĽdische Wissenschaft
826:University of Chicago
816:) in England, and in
528:Johann Christoph Wolf
500:Bibliotheca Rabbinica
450:Constantin L'Empereur
335:(d. 1598) edited the
4336:"Christian Hebraist"
4144:(1672–1738; Altdorf)
4142:Gustav Georg Zeltner
4138:(c. 1711; Maulbronn)
4095:(1688–1739; Hamburg)
4093:Wolf, Jo. Christoph.
4040:John Wessel Goesport
3979:(c. 1700; Altendorf)
3863:(1734–1815; Rostock)
3806:(d. 1729; Amsterdam)
3765:(1656–1708; Breslau)
3608:; d. 1635, TĂĽbingen)
3595:(c. 1737; Stockholm)
3439:Reiske, Johann Jakob
3415:Raymund de Peñaforte
3312:Freiburg im Breisgau
3298:Pico de la Mirandola
3154:Opfergeld, Friedrich
3069:(Minorite; b. 1489,
2887:(1858–1940) Oxford)
2679:(1827–91; Göttingen)
2595:(1766–1832; Norwich)
2280:(1866-1952; England)
1877:Cramer, Johann Jakob
1873:(1613–27; Magdeburg)
1814:Coccejus (Koch), Jo.
1787:(Bishop; 1671–1747;
1742:(1523–1572); France)
1680:Freiburg-im-Breisgau
1623:Buxtorf, Johannes I.
1607:Johann Franz Buddeus
641:in Rome, and Ury in
520:Entdecktes Judenthum
297:Pico de la Mirandola
257:Hieronymus Buslidius
157:Adam of Saint Victor
114:Western Christianity
95:Origen of Alexandria
4525:Lists of Christians
4520:Christian Hebraists
4173:Philippe Bobichon,
4107:(1666–1720; London)
4048:(b. 1500; d. 1559,
4029:(1555–99; Tübingen)
3849:Immanuel Tremellius
3789:Strack, Herrmann L.
3656:(1511–75; Tübingen)
3612:Schindler, Valentin
3459:; d. 1718, Utrecht)
3229:(1478–1556; Zürich)
3130:(1803–50; Germany )
3046:; d. c. 1730, Kiel)
2977:; d. 1756, Utrecht)
2910:; d. 1594, Brescia)
2855:Mannetti, Giannozzo
2754:Leydecker, Melchior
2728:(Prior; 1471–1548;
2699:Lange, W. (c. 1710)
2599:Kircher, Athanasius
2520:(1631–1703; Oxford)
2464:(c. 1675; TĂĽbingen)
2443:(1860–1950) British
2441:Herford, R. Travers
2419:Helenius, Engelbart
2268:(1697–1771; London)
2240:(1618–87; Freiberg)
2203:(1670–1740; Oxford)
2074:(5th century; Rome)
2068:(c. 1856; Penzance)
2062:(1570–1648; Leyden)
1983:(1550–1616; Leyden)
1919:Dalmaki, Laurentius
1896:Crocius, Lud. Mich.
1889:(1678–1731; Zürich)
1427:Beelen, Ian Theodor
1423:(1561–1632; London)
1262:Anchersen, Matthias
1033:Contents:
995:Kaufmann Gedenkbuch
919:Institutum Judaicum
818:Columbia University
783:rabbinic literature
727:(1825), in Winer's
671:of this section is
649:At the universities
484:Johann Jakob Schudt
418:Duke of Saxe-Weimar
357:Baruch of Benevento
313:Immanuel Tremellius
269:University of Paris
173:Nicholas Manjacoria
50:to Christians (and
18:Christian Hebraists
4132:(1693–1762; Padua)
4027:Weiganmeier, Georg
3838:, or Terrentius, (
3836:Johannes Terentius
3820:Tanfeld, Elisabeth
3728:Sheringham, Robert
3645:Schotanus, Christ.
3602:Schickard, Wilhelm
3579:; d. 1729, Danzig)
3572:; c. 1606; France)
3566:Saracena, Ludovica
3555:(1758–1838; Paris)
3528:(1742–1831; Parma)
3365:Prideaux, Humphrey
3361:; d. 1679, London)
3337:(Bishop; d. 1605;
3235:(b. 1657; Upsala;
3108:: Oxford, England)
3067:MĂĽnster, Sebastian
2900:; d. 1881, London)
2894:Margoliouth, Moses
2869:Schleswig-Holstein
2838:; d. 1863, London)
2788:(d. 1564; Cordova)
2750:(1624–99; Utrecht)
2744:(c. 1516; Germany)
2696:(1670–1744; Halle)
2694:Lange, Jo. Joachim
2511:(d. 1685; Holland)
2293:Guisius, Gulielmus
2274:(d. 1613; Germany)
2248:Halle an der Saale
2232:Genebrard, Gilbert
2168:FronmĂĽller, Conrad
2158:Monastery of Berge
1871:Cramer, Anna Maria
1748:(Abbé; 1789–1832;
1674:Campen, Joh. van (
1647:(1663–1732; Basel)
1641:(1645–1705; Basel)
1635:(1599–1664; Basel)
1488:(Bishop; c. 1438;
1389:Bartolocci, Giulio
1383:Barozzi, Francesco
1207:(1471–1532; Italy)
1205:Ægidius de Viterbo
830:Harvard University
615:Benjamin Kennicott
578:Biblical criticism
572:Early 19th century
554:Benjamin of Tudela
532:Bibliotheca Hebræa
277:Ægidius of Viterbo
193:Robert Grosseteste
189:William de la Mare
32:Christian Hebraist
4292:Frankfurt-am-Main
4230:3 (1935): 300–06.
4130:Zanolini, Antonio
4119:(living; Dresden)
4084:Woeldicke, Marcus
3995:(d. 1537; Oxford)
3993:Wakefield, Robert
3909:(c. 1680; Leyden)
3877:Uranius, Heinrich
3857:(d. 1705; Leyden)
3855:Trigland, Jacobus
3822:(d. 1639; London)
3804:Surenhuys, Willem
3722:Sgambatus, Scipio
3687:Schwenter, Daniel
3683:(1607–78; Altona)
3543:Alfonso du Guevas
3351:; d. 1581, Paris)
3345:Postel, Guillaume
3283:(?) (1478; Italy)
3281:Petrus Montagnana
3262:Peter of St. Omer
3221:Emperor of Brazil
3073:; d. 1552, Basel)
3063:; d. 1644, Paris)
3039:; d. 1659, Paris)
3013:(c. 1837; France)
2951:(1717–1791)
2920:Matthias Aquarius
2832:McCaul, Alexander
2782:(c. 1440; Venice)
2556:(1608–52; Oxford)
2425:Helvig, Christoph
2421:(c. 1727; Sweden)
2322:Hackspan, Theodor
2318:(d. 1633; France)
2295:(1653–90; Oxford)
2256:(1340-56? Greece)
2244:Gesenius, Wilhelm
2135:Franck, Sebastian
2125:Franciscus, Maria
2119:Fourmont, Étienne
2113:Figueiro, Petrusa
2054:Abbess of Herfort
1845:Eleonora Lucretia
1823:Coddaeus, Giul. (
1785:Clavering, Robert
1736:(1826–84; London)
1692:Cappellan, Claud.
1686:Caninius, Angelus
1603:Buddaeus, Jo. Fr.
1597:Sir Thomas Browne
1525:, Jun. (1603–67;
1486:Bodecker, Stephan
1455:(1638–96; Oxford)
1405:Baynus, Rudolphus
1363:Baldi, Bernardino
1359:(1214–94; Oxford)
1311:Arnoldus, Michael
1272:Anslus, Gerebrard
1239:, Dutch Republic)
1211:Alberta Katherina
1003:Adolf von Harnack
913:Late 19th century
716:Jewish literature
712:
711:
704:
611:Sylvestre de Sacy
582:Semitic languages
550:Uffenbach library
446:Johannes Cocceius
416:, consort of the
317:Sebastian MĂĽnster
216:Council of Vienne
181:Alexander Neckham
161:Herbert of Bosham
110:Syriac Christians
38:who comes from a
36:scholar of Hebrew
16:(Redirected from
4547:
4481:Biblia Rabbinica
4441:, Chicago, 1896;
4397:Meyer Kayserling
4386:, Breslau, 1870;
4349:
4332:Richard Gottheil
4324:
4323:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4283:
4277:
4258:
4252:
4237:
4231:
4221:
4215:
4204:
4189:
4171:
3934:(d. 1547; Paris)
3885:
3791:(living; Berlin)
3763:Springer, Daniel
3724:(c. 1703; Italy)
3693:Scotus, Jo. Duns
3663:Schulten, Albert
3629:Schnelle, Sebald
3593:Scherping, Jacob
3562:; d. 1774, Bern)
3487:Rhegius, Urbanus
3466:Reuchlin, Johann
3425:Reineccius, Chr.
3388:(d. 1587; Paris)
3367:(Dean; b. 1648,
3335:Pontacus, Arnold
3300:(d. 1494; Italy)
3243:Peritz, Ismar J.
3233:Peringer, Gustav
3227:Pellikan, Konrad
3083:Alexander Murray
2875:Marchina, Martha
2780:Lipomanni, Marco
2677:Lagarde, Paul de
2593:Kinghorn, Joseph
2476:
2403:Hartmann, Martin
2391:
2371:
2368:
2317:
2238:Georgius Gentius
2234:(1537–97; Samur)
2072:Eustochium Julia
2066:Etheridge, J. W.
2031:Alfred Edersheim
1947:Delitzsch, Franz
1766:Duke of Camerino
1694:(d. 1667; Paris)
1688:(1521–57; Paris)
1571:
1568:
1557:(c. 1638; Paris)
1556:
1553:
1541:
1506:
1503:
1459:Billerbeck, Paul
1421:Bedwell, William
1407:(c. 1554; Paris)
1385:(d. 1587; Italy)
1325:
1291:Armengaud Blaise
1223:Allixius, Petrus
1034:
1007:Dogmengeschichte
962:, translator of
863:(Berlin, 1894);
861:Immanuel Frances
798:Bodleian Library
707:
700:
696:
693:
687:
661:
660:
653:
388:Johannes Buxtorf
373:Jacob Christmann
281:Cardinal Grimani
259:, the friend of
240:Nicholas of Lyra
165:Abraham ibn Ezra
153:school of Toledo
21:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4510:
4509:
4465:
4451:xx. 65 et seq.;
4435:William Rosenau
4340:Singer, Isidore
4330:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4303:
4299:
4284:
4280:
4264:" mentioned by
4259:
4255:
4241:Raymond Martini
4238:
4234:
4222:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4151:
4126:
4117:WĂĽnsche, August
4105:Wotton, William
4001:(c. 1722; Holm)
3973:
3953:Voss, Dionysius
3916:
3891:Urbanus Rhegius
3879:
3870:
3816:
3570:Marcus Offredus
3535:
3411:(Monk; c. 1286)
3395:
3382:
3355:Prache, Hilaric
3325:Plato of Tivoli
3253:Perreau, Pietro
3211:Paula, Cornelia
3184:
3147:
3095:
2986:Molinaea, Maria
2926:Matthias, Elias
2828:
2770:Lightfoot, John
2748:Leusden, Johann
2673:
2583:
2550:
2543:(d. 1696; Rome)
2531:Ikenius, Conrad
2527:
2470:
2409:– 1918, Berlin)
2385:
2363:
2352:Hannecken, Meno
2342:Hanel, Melchior
2311:
2305:
2278:Greenup, Albert
2222:Gejerus, Martin
2201:Gagnier, Joseph
2191:
2097:Fagius Paul(us)
2081:
2003:
1908:
1746:Chiarini, Luigi
1734:Chenery, Thomas
1714:Castell, Edmund
1698:Carpzov, Johann
1676:John van Campen
1654:
1587:Broughton, Hugh
1563:
1548:
1535:
1498:
1453:Bernard, Edward
1391:(1613–87; Rome)
1353:
1334:Assemani, Simon
1319:
1235:(17th century;
1225:(17th century;
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1035:
1032:
1019:
927:Franz Delitzsch
915:
909:Jewish poetry.
895:Wilhelm Bousset
865:Thomas Robinson
857:Martin Hartmann
708:
697:
691:
688:
677:
662:
658:
651:
609:(d. 1815), and
574:
512:Jacques Basnage
508:
490:(d. 1706), and
385:
367:'s commentary.
353:David ibn Ya'ya
252:
185:Stephen Langton
107:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4463:External links
4461:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4425:
4422:
4417:S. A. Hirsch,
4415:
4404:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4364:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4297:
4278:
4253:
4239:For instance,
4232:
4216:
4208:Joseph Strayer
4190:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4062:
4059:
4056:Wilkins, David
4053:
4043:
4038:Wessel, Joh. (
4036:
4035:(c. 1579–1636)
4030:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3980:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3938:Vehe, Matthias
3935:
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3926:
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3911:
3910:
3904:
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3609:
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3590:
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3580:
3573:
3563:
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3539:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3504:
3501:
3494:
3484:
3477:
3463:
3460:
3453:Reland, Adrian
3450:
3436:
3422:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3394:
3391:
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3378:
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3301:
3295:
3284:
3278:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3224:
3214:
3213:(d. 408; Rome)
3208:
3207:Pastritius, Jo
3205:
3202:
3199:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
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3141:
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3109:
3099:
3094:
3091:
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3089:
3086:
3080:
3077:Murner, Thomas
3074:
3064:
3057:Muis, Simon de
3054:
3047:
3040:
3030:
3023:Morin, Etienne
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2992:
2989:
2988:(17th century)
2983:
2978:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2952:
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2839:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:Losa, Isabella
2783:
2777:
2767:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2680:
2672:
2669:
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2667:
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2651:
2641:
2631:
2628:
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2615:
2612:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2509:Hulsius, Anton
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2465:
2462:Holten, Albert
2459:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2400:
2397:
2380:
2377:
2358:
2349:
2339:
2332:Haller, Albert
2329:
2319:
2309:Susanna Habert
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2272:Graser, Conrad
2269:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:. (1557–1626;
2175:
2165:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2094:
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2085:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1968:Dorothea Maria
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1944:
1933:
1926:
1916:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1858:
1855:Costus, Petrus
1852:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1678:) (1490–1538;
1672:
1666:
1661:) (1680–1720;
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1594:
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1471:
1465:
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1434:
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1408:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1336:(1752 - 1821;
1331:
1314:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1281:Arias Montanus
1278:
1275:
1274:(17th century)
1269:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1246:Amoena, Louise
1243:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1219:(16th century)
1214:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1183:
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1152:
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1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1005:, who, in his
960:Thomas Chenery
944:Carl Siegfried
931:Hermann Strack
914:
911:
893:, followed by
873:August WĂĽnsche
845:Pietro Perreau
814:Charles Taylor
733:Jewish history
721:A. T. Hartmann
710:
709:
665:
663:
656:
650:
647:
623:Joseph Pasinus
573:
570:
558:Biagio Ugolini
507:
504:
476:Samuel Bochart
458:Johann Leusden
454:John Lightfoot
430:Maria Eleanora
424:, daughter of
414:Maria Dorothea
384:
381:
345:Spanish Jewish
333:Arius Montanus
329:Daniel Bomberg
323:(d. 1556) and
251:
248:
244:Paul of Burgos
195:(d.1253); and
134:Rabanus Maurus
118:Venerable Bede
106:
103:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4552:
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4446:
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4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:Monatsschrift
4409:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4388:
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4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4334:(1901–1906).
4333:
4328:
4327:public domain
4315:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4275:
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4267:
4263:
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4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4111:Johann WĂĽlfer
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4078:Witzel, Georg
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:Warner, Levin
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3999:Wallin, Georg
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3984:
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3808:
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3793:
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3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3745:Smith, Thomas
3743:
3740:
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3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3713:
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3482:
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3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3429:GroĂźmĂĽhlingen
3426:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3356:
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3350:
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3333:
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3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:(1296; Paris)
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
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3212:
3209:
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3159:
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3149:
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3144:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:Neale, Thomas
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Millard, Alan
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:Mathews, H. J
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:Marini, Marco
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
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2850:
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2844:
2840:
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2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2820:
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2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
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2781:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:Leib, Chilian
2724:
2721:
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1496:Bohlius, Sam.
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1317:Asp, Matthias
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1233:Alting, Jacob
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979:Mittheilungen
976:
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949:
945:
941:
936:
935:Gustav Dalman
932:
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925:, founded by
924:
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766:
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758:
757:Emil Kautzsch
754:
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746:
745:David Rudolph
740:
738:
737:David Strauss
734:
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706:
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692:December 2014
685:
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492:Richard Simon
489:
488:Humphrey Hody
485:
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369:Conrad Gesner
366:
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308:
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293:Jacob Mantino
290:
289:Guido Rangoni
286:
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273:Elijah Levita
270:
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145:Peter Abelard
142:
137:
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131:
130:Pseudo-Jerome
127:
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111:
104:
102:
100:
96:
92:
91:Ephraem Syrus
88:
84:
83:Justin Martyr
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:Old Testament
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4503:
4495:
4480:
4455:
4454:Kayserling,
4448:
4438:
4428:
4418:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4390:
4383:
4370:
4360:
4351:
4343:
4319:
4316:Bibliography
4300:
4289:
4286:Felix Perles
4281:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4235:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4067:(1789–1858;
4005:Walper, Otto
3985:(1635–1703;
3893:) (c. 1535;
3840:Jean Schreck
3347:. (b. 1505.
3217:Dom Pedro II
3156:(1668–1746;
3138:Hasfurtensis
3104:(1569-1569;
3049:Muhl, Jos. (
3011:Moré, Eugène
2761:
2756:(1642–1722;
2720:SchnekengrĂĽn
2664:Kyber, David
2644:Krafft, Karl
2636:(1792–1860;
2533:(1689–1753;
2518:Hyde, Thomas
2487:(Monk; 1452)
2427:(1581–1617;
2392:(1774–1838;
2354:(1595–1677;
2246:(1786-1842;
1949:(1813–1890;
1879:(1673–1702;
1803:(1674–1714;
1789:Peterborough
1625:(1564–1629;
1589:(1549–1612;
1572:(1639–1713;
1442:(1754–1842;
1397:(1679–1750;
1365:(1553–1617;
1357:Bacon, Roger
1326:(1696–1763;
1301:Arnd, Joshua
1174:
1020:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
990:
978:
974:
972:
963:
955:
951:
947:
940:anti-Semitic
916:
903:Dom Pedro II
898:
882:
876:
868:
842:
837:
787:
776:
752:
741:
728:
724:
713:
698:
689:
667:
592:
586:
575:
566:Yale College
536:
531:
519:
515:
509:
506:18th century
499:
495:
465:
442:
408:in England;
406:Dorothy Dury
397:
391:
386:
383:17th century
347:refugees in
340:
309:
253:
212:universities
201:
177:
138:
108:
64:
31:
29:
4449:Hebr. Bibl.
4427:E. Sachau,
4389:J. Perles,
4382:L. Geiger,
4270:Augustinian
4266:Roger Bacon
4033:John Wemyss
3880: [
3772:-Holsatus?)
3545:; d. 1569;
3472:; d. 1522,
3445:; d. 1774,
3431:; d. 1752,
3371:; d. 1724,
3310:; d. 1607,
3275:Augustinian
3194:; d. 1536,
3033:Morin, Jean
3017:More, Henry
2971:Mill, David
2957:(1668–1738)
2867:; c. 1706;
2817:; d. 1746,
2654:Kraut, Paul
2622:Reichenbach
2471: [
2386: [
2364: [
2312: [
2147:(1663–1727)
2093:(1668–1736)
2052:Elisabeth (
2033:(1825-1889)
2013:; d. 1397;
2011:Benedictine
2007:Adam Easton
1994:John Duncan
1671:, Madame de
1564: [
1549: [
1536: [
1523:Borel, Adam
1509:Greifenberg
1499: [
1490:Brandenburg
1320: [
1295:Montpellier
977:, ii. 147;
849:Middle Ages
645:(d. 1787).
637:(d. 1752),
629:(d. 1749),
562:Ezra Stiles
524:Eisenmenger
456:(d. 1675);
452:(d. 1648);
448:(d. 1667);
412:(d. 1689);
305:Otto Walper
250:Renaissance
204:Franciscans
197:Roger Bacon
139:During the
105:Middle Ages
4514:Categories
4406:Kaufmann,
4161:References
3955:(b. 1612,
3785:; d. 1762)
3741:; d. Jena)
3730:(b. 1602,
3695:(d. 1308,
3631:(1621–51;
3606:Herrenberg
3604:(b. 1592,
3489:(c. 1535;
3483:; d. 1780)
3468:(b. 1455,
3455:(b. 1676,
3441:(b. 1716,
3433:WeiĂźenfels
3427:(b. 1668,
3357:(b. 1614,
3223:; 1825–91)
3190:(b. 1470,
3120:(c. 1475;
3059:(b. 1587,
3035:(b. 1591,
3025:(b. 1625,
2997:(d. 1600;
2975:Königsberg
2973:(b. 1692,
2965:Heidelberg
2935:; d. 1729)
2906:(b. 1541,
2896:(b. 1820,
2877:(d. 1646;
2834:(b. 1799,
2810:; d. 1732)
2772:(1602–75;
2718:(c. 1700;
2684:Osterwieck
2656:(c. 1703;
2646:(c. 1839;
2638:Greifswald
2607:(1636–89;
2477:(1722–81;
2372:(1707–85;
2344:(c. 1661;
2334:(1708–77;
2324:(1607–59;
2266:Gill, John
2224:(1614–80;
2170:(c. 1679;
2137:(c. 1537;
2099:(1504–49;
2056:; d. 1680)
2047:Heidelberg
1988:Chichester
1937:Wittenberg
1921:(c. 1643;
1863:(1701–79;
1816:(1603–69;
1716:(1606–85;
1706:(1602–58;
1515:) – 1639,
1429:(c. 1841;
1375:(1721–40;
1303:(c. 1626;
1293:(d. 1312;
1264:(d. 1741;
1199:Copenhagen
1192:Wittenberg
968:W. H. Lowe
806:W. H. Lowe
775:'s on the
669:neutrality
432:, wife of
321:Pellicanus
208:Dominicans
183:(d.1217);
169:Cistercian
4050:Wellingen
3957:Dordrecht
3783:Knicymtzd
3739:Magdeburg
3732:Guestwick
3633:Nuremberg
3623:Strasburg
3616:Helmstädt
3584:Helmstädt
3568:(wife of
3474:Stuttgart
3470:Pforzheim
3419:Dominican
3359:Teutschel
3329:Barcelona
3245:(living;
3237:Stockholm
3071:Ingelheim
2928:(Germany)
2922:(c. 1581)
2819:Strengnäs
2760:, put on
2688:Helmstädt
2374:Helmstädt
2289:(c. 1540)
2209:(c. 1518)
2197:(1601–81)
2182:Salisbury
2162:Magdeburg
2115:(c. 1615)
2101:Cambridge
1972:Duke John
1970:(wife of
1898:(c. 1673)
1857:(c. 1554)
1761:(c. 1551)
1599:(1605–82)
1591:Tottenham
1546:Bourdelot
1513:Pomerania
1431:Amsterdam
1377:Schwabach
1237:Groningen
907:Provençal
891:Synagogue
802:Cambridge
794:A. Cowley
769:Göttingen
765:Al-Ḥarizi
751:included
680:talk page
603:Michaelis
542:Bashuysen
462:Surenhuis
422:Elizabeth
325:Pagninius
232:Salamanca
87:Aphraates
71:Midrashim
67:Masoretic
40:Christian
4367:Gesenius
4155:Hebraism
4149:See also
3962:Voysin (
3940:(d.1590)
3901:Ury, Jo.
3697:Scotland
3498:Franeker
3247:Syracuse
3128:Fr. Nork
3051:Holstein
2808:Landshut
2686:- 1736,
2609:Sulzbach
2485:Honorius
2367:Wikidata
2226:Freiberg
2129:Capuchin
2015:Hereford
1865:TĂĽbingen
1773:Franeker
1669:Calonges
1617:Minorite
1567:Wikidata
1552:Wikidata
1502:Wikidata
1480:Blesilla
975:Symmicta
958:(1856);
901:(1903).
887:theology
871:(1859).
810:Matthews
749:Liegnitz
673:disputed
635:Florence
480:Trigland
396:and the
339:and the
301:Reuchlin
295:(1526).
285:Kabbalah
79:exegesis
60:Kabbalah
58:and the
4329::
4225:Biblica
4210:(ed.),
4069:Leipsic
4009:Marburg
3987:Altdorf
3964:Vicinus
3925:(Spain)
3716:Altdorf
3577:Eperies
3511:Leipzig
3447:Leipzig
3400:Ansbach
3373:Norwich
3369:Padstow
3349:Delorie
3277:; 1342)
3158:Breslau
3061:Orléans
2933:Ansbach
2908:Brescia
2898:Suwałki
2843:Giessen
2758:Utrecht
2730:Rebdorf
2710:Leipsic
2648:Ansbach
2620:(1846;
2479:Leipzig
2429:Giessen
2407:Breslau
2405:(1851,
2394:Rostock
2356:Marburg
2326:Altdorf
2172:Altdorf
1951:Leipzig
1913:Utrecht
1832:Giessen
1768:; 1550)
1527:Zealand
1517:Rostock
1507:(1611,
1305:GĂĽstrow
1285:Seville
1266:Jutland
1227:Alençon
983:Halakah
923:Leipzig
897:in his
889:of the
878:Midrash
792:(where
778:Mishnah
607:Tychsen
599:Semmler
594:Mishnah
467:Mishnah
377:Drusius
361:Vatablé
337:Masorah
265:Louvain
261:Erasmus
236:Bologna
75:Aggadah
4294:(1902)
4247:, in:
4187:online
4179:online
3560:Eggwil
3547:Toledo
3443:Zörbig
3319:Lodève
3292:LĂĽbeck
3122:Cadana
3044:Bremen
2999:Modena
2879:Naples
2836:Dublin
2815:Fogdoë
2535:Bremen
2346:Prague
1881:ZĂĽrich
1849:Venice
1818:Leyden
1750:Warsaw
1725:Madrid
1581:Verona
1444:Erfurt
1367:Urbino
1328:Upsala
1250:Anhalt
999:Gesch.
832:, and
824:, the
820:, the
812:, and
800:) and
790:Oxford
773:Strack
771:, and
759:'s on
643:Oxford
546:Reland
398:Talmud
393:Targum
349:Naples
224:Oxford
126:Alcuin
122:Jerome
99:Jerome
56:Talmud
52:Tanakh
4410:, in
4338:. In
4260:The "
3895:Celle
3884:]
3770:Preza
3491:Celle
3339:Bazas
3308:Nidda
3249:, US)
3192:Lucca
3037:Blois
2475:]
2390:]
2370:]
2316:]
1923:Hunga
1663:Pegau
1627:Basel
1574:Gotha
1570:]
1555:]
1540:]
1505:]
1399:Hanau
1338:Padua
1324:]
1024:Bible
987:Jesus
853:Parma
761:Kimhi
627:Turin
587:Even
365:Rashi
228:Paris
34:is a
4377:Zunz
4304:Cf.
3481:Como
3196:Lyon
3027:Caen
2940:Uzès
2658:Lund
2336:Bern
1941:Kiel
1930:Jena
1805:FĂĽth
1708:York
917:The
666:The
589:Rabe
355:and
234:and
220:Rome
206:and
93:and
73:and
3457:Ryp
2774:Ely
2139:Ulm
1040:Top
921:in
767:at
747:of
723:'s
633:in
522:of
81:of
4516::
4447:,
4437:,
4399:,
4369:,
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