Religion in Iceland - Knowledge (XXG)

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executed in November 1550. In 1552, the Hólar diocese too accepted the Church Ordinance. Institutional opposition to the Reformation had now vanished completely, so that church properties were secularised and churches and monasteries were plundered. However, it took many decades for Lutheranism to become firmly established in Iceland. Church manuals and hymnals were in bad Danish translations, and new schools had to be set up in cathedral towns in order to train the Lutheran clergy. The Danish bishop Palladius was in charge of the development of the Icelandic Lutheran church in those early years. The able and energetic Gudbrandur Thorláksson, bishop of Hólar from 1571 to 1627, devoted his energies in improving church literature, clergy training and community education. In 1584, the first complete Icelandic translation of the

3667: 2749: 3629: 2688:, thwarted the conflict. Thorgeir was trusted by both the religious factions, and he was given the responsibility to decide whether the Icelanders would have converted to Christianity or would have remained faithful to the Germanic religion of their ancestors. After one day and one night, he decided that, in order to keep peace, the population would be united under one law and one religion, Christianity, and all the non-Christians among the population would receive baptism. At first, it was maintained the right for people to sacrifice to the old gods in the private of their homes, although the practice was punishable if witnesses were provided. A few years later, these provisions allowing private cults were abolished. 2852: 3730: 3683: 2941:): unlike other religious groups, the 2015 board of directors of the Zuist Church promised to redistribute the funds they received from the tax among the church's members, so that about three thousand people joined the group within a few weeks by the end of the year. After a legal struggle, in late 2017 the original founders of the Zuist Church were reinstated as its board of directors, and by the end of the year, after two years of frozen activity, they were allowed to dispose of the church's funds. The 2017 directors kept the principle of funds' redistribution among members, which is called 3589: 2860: 3715: 3237: 2553: 2537: 3651: 3613: 2965: 3699: 2341: 2780:. Jón was a poet of some importance and was married with many children, a usual thing among the clergy in Iceland. The two bishops, who were not well versed in theology but were men of great power, were in conflict with one another and threatened open conflict. At the Althing of 1526 they came with their own armed contingents, although they reconciled because of the threat posed by a new, common enemy, the spread of 2684:, as long as Iceland remained a pagan country. Iceland sent a delegation, belonging to the Christian faction, to obtain the release of the hostages and promise the conversion of the country to Christianity. Meanwhile, in Iceland the situation was worsening, as the two religious factions had divided the country and a civil war was about to break out. However, the mediation of the Althing, presided by the lawspeaker 5202: 3311: 3370:), representing 0.01% of the population as of 2023. There was no significant Jewish population or emigration to Iceland until the 20th century, although some Jewish merchants lived in Iceland temporarily during the 19th century. The Icelanders' attitude towards the Jews has mostly been neutral, although in the early 20th century the intellectual Steinn Emilsson was influenced by 2733: 2676:, a "disgrace on one's kin", and could now be denounced to authorities — and to outlaw Stefnir, who returned to Norway; Thangbrand, a learnt but violent man, succeeded in converting some important families, but he also met many opponents, and, when he killed a poet who had composed verses against him, he was outlawed and he too went back to Norway. 2937:(Mesopotamian Neopaganism), and in 2013 it was recognised by the Icelandic state. In late 2015, the board of directors of the Zuist Church was taken over by people who were unrelated to the movement, and under the new leadership the church was turned into a medium for a protest against the state Lutheran church and the state church tax ( 2926:("Asatruar Fellowship") and asked the Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs to given their group's high priest the same legal status as that of a Christian pastor. In the autumn of the same year, they asked for their organisation to be recognised by the state, and the registration was completed by the spring of 1973. 3934: 3932: 2427:" were assemblies of free men who governed Germanic societies, and they were led by a holy kingship. The Icelandic thing developed peculiar characteristics; in place of the loyalty to a holy king, the Icelanders established the loyalty to a law code, first composed by Úlfljót who studied Norwegian laws. 332:

A growing segment of the population—18.73% as of 2023—adheres to religions, philosophies, or life stances not recognized in the civil registry, or did not declare any religious affiliation. This category has seen a substantial increase from 0.6% in 1990 and has tripled from 6.2% in 2010. Meanwhile,

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or did not declare either affiliation or unaffiliation with any religion, philosophy or life stance. An additional 7.71% of the population were explicitly unaffiliated with any religion, philosophy or life stance. A minority of Icelanders declared an affiliation with secular beliefs, namely, 1.39%

2826:

and in 1540 the king appointed him as the superintendent of Skálholt. Gissur was only 25 years old and it was difficult for him to maintain power, especially as he was opposed by the clergy and even by the old bishop. A royal emissary was sent to uphold the ordinance, and Øgmundur was arrested and

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Gissur Einarsson died in 1548, and thereupon Jón Arason took possession of the Skálholt diocese, even though the clergy opposed him. He also imprisoned Gissur's appointed successor. Jón Arason was consequently outlawed by the king; he was arrested together with two of his sons, and all three were

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temple there. These first Christians were probably influenced by contact with Norse people in Britain, where Christianity already had a strong presence. Among the first settlers, the vast majority followed the ancient Germanic religion, and organised Christianity probably died out in one or two

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might actually be larger, since many Muslims choose not to identify themselves in the Icelandic yearly count of religious populations. The Muslim population in Iceland is organised into three communities, namely the Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland, the Fellowship of Muslims in Iceland

2457:. The religio-political organisation of early Iceland has been defined as "pagan and anti-monarchic", which distinguished it from other Germanic societies. Concerning other religious practices, the Icelanders followed Scandinavian norms; they built temples enshrining images of the gods. 2831:, reorganised the church in his diocese according to Lutheran principles, including the suppression of Catholic ceremonies and the exhortation of priests to get married. He entrusted Oddur Gottskálksson with the task of translating German sermons, and he himself translated parts of the 2886:

was introduced in Iceland around 1900, and in 1920 the Icelandic Theosophists formally organised themselves as an independent branch of the international Theosophical movement, though within the fold of the Lutheran belief and led by a Lutheran pastor, Séra Jakob Kristinsson.

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among their deities rather than converting to the Christian doctrine. For instance, Aud the Deep-Minded was amongst the baptised and devout Christians and she established a Christian cross on a hill, where she prayed; her kinsmen later regarded the site as holy, and built an

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Since the end of the 19th century, Iceland has been more open to new religious ideas than many other European countries. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, religious life in Iceland, still mostly within the Christian establishment, was influenced by the spread of

2818:, the king tried to convert Iceland too. In 1538, the "Church Ordinance" was put before the two bishops Øgmundur and Jón at the Althing as a royal invitation to convert to Lutheranism, but it was rejected. Thereupon, Christian III ordered the dissolution of the 2651:

bishop Fridrek, with whom he preached the gospel in Iceland in 981, converting only Thorvald's father Konrad and his family. They were unsuccessful and even had a clash with pagans at the Althing, killing two men. After the event, in 986 Fridrek returned to

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accounted for 5.33%, Roman Catholicism for 3.83%, and other Christian denominations for 1.78%. The Roman Catholic community has grown from 0.9% in 1990, and other Christian denominations saw growth mainly between 1990 and the 2010s, stabilizing thereafter.

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At this point, Olaf Tryggvason suspended Iceland's trade with Norway, which resulted in a concrete danger for Icelandic economy, and also threatened to execute Icelanders residing in Norway, who were for the most part sons and relatives of prominent

3941:, p. 166: "The Old Treaty, signed in 1262, that led to Iceland's being first under the Norwegian and later the Danish kings was such a milestone, as was the Reformation in 1550 whereby Lutheranism became, and remains, Iceland's state religion". 285:

Since the late 20th century, and especially in the early 21st century, religious life in Iceland has become more diverse, with a decline in the main forms of Christianity, the rise of unaffiliated people, and the emergence of new religions, notably

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Article 63: All persons have the right to form religious associations and to practice their religion in conformity with their individual convictions. Nothing may however be preached or practised which is prejudicial to good morals or public order.

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Since the late 20th century there has been a rapid diversification of religious life in the country, with the most notable phenomenon being a decline of Christianity (from 97.8% in 1990 to 65.55% in 2023) and a rise of other religions, notably

3628: 329:. Heathenry, a polytheistic religion native to Iceland, accounted for 1.5% of the population. Humanists made up 1.39%, Buddhists 0.42%, and Muslims 0.40%. Zuists and adherents to other religions represented 0.14% and 0.16%, respectively. 2448:

were part-time priests who officiated ritual sacrifices at the local temple and had some qualities of the Germanic kings; they organised local things and represented them at the Althing. Úlfljót was chosen as the first lawspeaker

2810:, who during a period of study in Germany learnt about the Reformation. In 1536, he became assistant at the Skálholt bishopric, though he did not formally embrace Lutheranism yet. When Lutheranism became the state religion of 2919:

s, which are well known by most Icelanders and provide an unbroken link with the pagan past. In 1972, four men proposed to create an organisation for the revitalisation of the northern Germanic religion; they founded the

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The decision of the Althing was a turning point; theretofore, it was difficult for individuals to convert to Christianity, since it would have meant to abandon the traditions of one's own kin, and would have been seen as

2548:(the current one goes back to 1859, while the steeple was rebuilt in 1907), built by initiative of King Olaf of Norway, who provided timber and the bell, to mark the official Christianisation of Iceland in the year 1000. 3600: 3987:

A person who is not a member of any religious association shall pay to the University of Iceland the dues that he would have had to pay to such an association, if he had been a member. This may be amended by

3666: 2791:. In 1533, the Althing bade that "all shall continue in the Holy Faith and the Law of God, which God has given to us, and which the Holy Fathers have confirmed". One of the first Icelandic Lutherans was 3180:

was the religion of about 0.42% of the Icelanders in 2023. Icelandic Buddhists are organised into a number of communities, the largest of which is the non-denominational Buddhist Fellowship of Iceland (

2418:

The first Icelanders, though accustomed to a society in which the monarch was essential for religious life, did not establish a new monarchy in the colony, but rather a yearly assembly of free men, the

317:. Within the Christian category, 58.61% identified as Lutherans belonging to the Church of Iceland. This is a significant decrease from the 92.6% who identified this way in 1990. Other minor Lutheran 6189: 3003: 2696:— that is to say, "destruction of kinship". However, despite the official Christianisation, the old Germanic religion persisted for long time, as it is proven by the literature produced by 2795:, who had converted to Lutheranism while living in continental Europe for many years. When he went back to Iceland, he became the secretary of the bishop of Skálholt and translated the 5709: 5059: 3163:

speculated, while discussing the relatively good establishment of the Baháʼí Faith in Iceland, that the Icelanders are culturally more open than other peoples to religious innovation.

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generations. The syncretic attitude of the Icelanders made possible for the Germanic religion to survive and intermingle with Christianity even in later periods: it is recorded in the

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Article 64: No one may lose any of his civil or national rights on account of his religion, nor may anyone refuse to perform any generally applicable civil duty on religious grounds.

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in 997–999. Both the missions were unsuccessful: Stefnir violently destroyed temples and ancestral shrines, leading the Althing to enact a law against Christians — who were declared

262:. Freedom of religion has been granted to Icelandic citizens since 1874; the Church of Iceland is supported by the government, but all religions officially recognised in the state's 2636:. In that year, Christianity was still a minority in Iceland, while the belief in the Germanic religion was strong. Nonetheless, some Christians had acquired high positions in the 4402: 3914: 3379: 1799: 3729: 3984:

Everyone shall be free to remain outside religious associations. No one shall be obliged to pay any personal dues to any religious association of which he is not a member.

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In 2023, a substantial part of the Icelandic population, that is to say 18.73%, were adherents of unspecified religions, philosophies or life stances not recognised in the

3071:, remaining in the Society of Jesus for the rest of his life; he became a valued author of books for children, written in German, and even appeared on postage stamps. 3151:—, and the first Icelander who converted to the religion was a woman named Hólmfríður Árnadóttir. The religion was recognised by the government in 1966, and a Baháʼí 3106: 1709: 333:

the percentage of Icelanders who declared themselves explicitly unaffiliated with any religion, philosophy, or life stance was 7.71% in 2023, up from 1.3% in 1990.

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died on the way to Denmark. The ordinance was accepted in Skálholt, but was rejected by Jón Arason in Hólar. Bishop Gissur, who was ordained by the Danish bishop

6161: 2628:, literally the "taking of Christianity"), and therefore the formal conversion of the entire population, was decided by the Althing in 999/1000, pushed by the 5756: 3588: 3682: 2748: 4447: 2855:

Membership rise in registered non-Christian religions in Iceland, 1965–2010. Red: Baháʼí Faith; green: Heathenry; dark blue; Buddhism; light blue: Islam.

5187: 5046: 3378:, they usually refused entry to Jews who were fleeing Nazi Germany, so the Jewish population did not rise much during the war. The former Icelandic 2981: 2752:

1889 map showing the location in Iceland of the two major Catholic bishoprics, and of the Catholic monasteries under their jurisdiction, before the

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Article 62: The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the State Church in Iceland and, as such, it shall be supported and protected by the State.

3650: 3542: 1231: 669: 295: 129: 2851: 5430: 224: 5152: 5884: 5375: 4410: 2382: 4974: 3714: 2499: 5814: 4797: 4567: 2868: 2155: 620: 119: 3906: 3810:

The category "other and unspecified" comprises citizens who declared to be affiliated with religions which are not recognised in the

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As of 2023, Christians constituted 69.55% of the Icelandic population, a marked decline from the 97.8% observed in 1990 according to

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D'Angelo, Francesco (2016). "Althing of 1000 and the Conversion of Iceland to Christianity". In Curta, Florin; Holt, Andrew (eds.).

3952:"Constitution of the Republic of Iceland (No. 33, 17 June 1944, as amended 30 May 1984, 31 May 1991, 28 June 1995 and 24 June 1999)" 3039:

was the largest non-Lutheran form of Christianity in the country, adhered to by 3.83% of the Icelanders, many of whom belong to the

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in Iceland. Bishop Øgmundur, now old and almost blind, chose Gissur Einarsson as his successor. He was examined by theologians in

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often became Christian priests and bishops. The first consecrated bishop in Iceland was Ísleif Gizursson, who was the bishop of

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gives the names of Christian settlers, including an influential woman named Aud the Deep-Minded. Icelanders generally tended to

5157: 3750: 4510: 3698: 1161: 6230: 6128: 6021: 5834: 5234: 5015: 4932: 4835: 4816: 4778: 4759: 4736: 3612: 3570: 3353: 3052: 2407:, the anchorites left of their own or were driven out. The migration of Norwegians was partly in response to the politics of 4860: 6087: 5859: 5481: 5299: 5114: 3408: 4424: 6268: 6147: 5395: 5039: 1367: 3113:; the Reykjavík meetinghouse also hosts a family history center. The first Icelandic Mormon convert and missionary was 38: 6102: 6054: 5946: 5941: 5742: 5538: 5259: 5172: 5132: 5089: 5084: 3366:, which was officially recognised by the state in 2021 as incorporated by the Cultural Fellowship of Jews in Iceland ( 2989: 2576: 188: 2741: 6240: 4633: 3249: 2951:. Thereupon, in 2019 they were accused of tax fraud, but were later acquitted of all charges in the spring of 2022. 2922: 1207: 278:

on a yearly basis; citizens who declare that they are not affiliated with any religion owe an equivalent tax to the

6235: 6194: 5673: 5668: 5289: 5269: 5249: 3955: 3099: 2999: 2568: 2356: 1137: 571: 3826:

The category of the "unaffiliated" comprises citizens who declared that they are not affiliated with any religion.

6059: 5906: 5623: 5440: 5340: 5320: 5284: 5244: 5104: 3197: 2494:. Different social orders worshipped different divine representations: the class of poets worshipped the supreme 1684: 325:

The data for 2023 also indicate an increase in non-Christian religious affiliations and in those who identify as

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in Iceland was the religion of 0.08% of the population of Iceland in 2023, organised into the Baháʼí Community (

6247: 6064: 6026: 5445: 5274: 3270:(Germanic Neopaganism). Icelandic Heathens are organised into two communities, namely the Asatruar Fellowship ( 2815: 4457: 3635: 3331:

was the religion of a minority representing 0.4% of the Icelandic population in 2023. The number of Icelandic

3048: 3029: 6006: 5633: 5613: 5555: 5400: 5385: 5177: 5167: 5032: 3558: 3044: 1509: 1321: 274:) owed by their respective populations of adherents over the age of sixteen, who are counted by the state's 5976: 5936: 5916: 5896: 5799: 5471: 5415: 5127: 5099: 3736: 3095: 2879: 2792: 2753: 2613:

that as Norway was being Christianised, a pagan temple was dismantled there to be reassembled in Iceland.

1660: 1392: 4621: 6220: 6092: 5911: 5683: 5653: 5565: 5335: 5147: 5122: 3492: 3083: 2761: 2582: 2404: 1462: 279: 251: 4719: 4658: 3415:) was founded around 2010 and officially recognised by the Icelandic state in 2013. The Zuists worship 3374:

ideas while studying in Germany. Although most Icelanders deplored the persecutions of Jews during the

3136: 2969: 2903:, a movement of restoration of the pre-Christian Germanic religion. This may have been assisted by the 2552: 2524: 2518:, whom the Icelanders worshipped as represented by high pillars; while the class of farmers worshipped 865: 3553:

and was officially recognised by the state in 2013, while 0.05% declared that they were affiliated to

3236: 2859: 6112: 6097: 6082: 6044: 5991: 5986: 5961: 5819: 5648: 5580: 5560: 5524: 5435: 5390: 5330: 5294: 5264: 5210: 5142: 3657: 3221: 3087: 2685: 1977: 207:, in 999/1000 CE. Until then, in the 9th and 10th centuries, the prevailing religion among the early 4870: 2591:, Christianity had been present in Iceland from the beginning even among the Germanic settlers. The 6215: 6016: 5966: 5926: 5874: 5864: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5824: 5809: 5804: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5550: 5514: 5509: 5420: 5363: 5325: 5304: 5137: 3172: 2665: 2644: 287: 243: 3032:(2.57%), the Hafnarfjörður Free Church (1.94%) and the Independent Lutheran Congregation (0.82%). 2643:

Christian missionaries began to be active in Iceland by 980. One of them was the Icelandic native

6107: 6049: 6011: 6001: 5981: 5971: 5956: 5951: 5931: 5901: 5869: 5854: 5829: 5765: 5702: 5600: 5575: 5519: 5476: 5459: 5380: 5345: 5254: 5229: 5162: 5076: 5067: 4994: 4962: 4911: 4903: 3910: 3760: 3755: 3498: 3480: 3267: 3259: 3205: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3114: 3009: 2934: 2904: 2896: 2800: 2479: 2364: 2224: 344: 314: 307: 275: 228: 5486: 3640: 3056: 2737: 2536: 4559: 6184: 5996: 5921: 5891: 5638: 5628: 5494: 5011: 4928: 4886:

Jochens, Jenny (1999). "Late and Peaceful: Iceland's Conversion Through Arbitration in 1000".

4831: 4812: 4793: 4774: 4755: 4732: 4676: 3811: 3791: 3537: 3525: 3382: 3193: 3036: 3021: 2995: 2948: 2504: 2368: 1077: 471: 263: 255: 71: 3074:

A further 1.78% of the population were adherents of other Christian denominations, including

6225: 5718: 5678: 5663: 5658: 5590: 5410: 4966: 4943: 4895: 3550: 3460: 3375: 3323: 3213: 3060: 2807: 2697: 2657: 2424: 4846: 3403:

Zuism (Mesopotamian Neopaganism) is the religion of about 0.14% of the Icelanders. It is a

2964: 5643: 4958: 4855: 3432: 2892: 2828: 2653: 2633: 2617: 2408: 2340: 239: 216: 200: 103: 2724:) which made the Icelandic church financially independent and strengthened Christianity. 3055:. In the twentieth century, Iceland had some notable converts to Catholicism, including 2907:'s literary tradition that predates the island's conversion to Christianity, namely the 5723: 5499: 5405: 4748: 4472: 3160: 3144: 3110: 3091: 3075: 2661: 2629: 2621: 2544:, often featuring dragon finials on the roof, such as in the case of the old church of 2510: 1578: 231:, which persisted for centuries even after the official Christianisation of the state. 204: 192: 17: 4998: 3290:

in Iceland, representing 0.02% of the population, and organised into two communities:

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and went back to Iceland to establish the very first Mormon community in the country.

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from 1057 to his death in 1080. He is credited with having instituted a tithe system (

2385:) in the mid-9th century, approximately in 870, it was inhabited by a small number of 6262: 5618: 4915: 4617:

Short description of the Faith Fellowship of Zuism and of its creed on its websites:

3574: 3386: 3040: 2832: 2796: 2474: 5504: 4506: 3783: 3420: 3371: 3291: 3185: 3159:

in relation to the total population of the country. The Danish scholar of religion

2700:— he himself a Christian — and by other authors in the 13th century, who wrote the 2600: 2557: 2386: 2248: 521: 421: 259: 184: 5608: 343:

1990–2020 quinquennial statistics for major religions and philosophies yielded by

2664:. Amongst the other proselytisers, King Olaf of Norway sent the Icelandic native 4790:

Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History

4452: 3673: 3519: 3501:, in 2023 a very small minority of the population declared that they adhered to 3310: 3299: 3274:), adhered to by 1.49% of the population in 2023, and the Godword of Reykjavík ( 3241: 3025: 3017: 2933:("Faith Fellowship of Zuism") or Zuist Church was founded as an organisation of 2781: 2773: 2717: 2708: 2545: 2541: 2484: 2454: 318: 247: 75: 3814:, or who did not declare either affiliation or unaffiliation with any religion. 3294:, which was recognised by the state in 2019, and a community of Lakulish Yoga ( 5570: 4970: 4830:. American University Studies: Theology and Religion. Vol. 201. P. Lang. 4432: 3689: 3013: 2823: 2702: 2669: 2596: 2374: 326: 267: 212: 208: 4811:. The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 2616:

The adoption of Christianity — which at that time was still identical to the

4403:"Yfirlýsing frá Ágústi Arnari Ágústsssyni, forstöðumanni trúfélagsins Zuism" 3705: 3530: 3502: 3155:

was elected in 1972. Iceland has the highest proportion in Europe of Baháʼí

3102: 3079: 2883: 2819: 2390: 3302:

centre and other unregistered organisations of meditation and philosophy.

2732: 5182: 4641: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 3951: 3619: 3404: 3255: 3177: 2777: 2514:; among the general population, the most worshipped deity was apparently 2490: 718: 299: 139: 3208:

represented by the Wat Phra Dhammakaya Buddhist Association in Iceland (

5425: 5201: 5055: 4907: 3514: 3472: 3452: 3363: 3118: 2811: 2806:

The most important figure in early Icelandic Lutheranism was, however,

2788: 2469: 2420: 235: 196: 6139: 3389:

and is likely the most significant Jewish woman in Icelandic history.

5734: 3476: 3464: 3448: 3440: 3332: 3315: 3278:), adhered to by a further 0.01% of the population in the same year. 3068: 3064: 2943: 2648: 2412: 2378: 220: 4899: 2847:

20th–21st century: decline of Christianity and rise of new religions

2438:("god-word(s)"), religio-political groups under the leadership of a 5024: 4697:

Arnarsdóttir, Eygló Svala (2014). "To a Mosque on a Magic Carpet".

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And Some Fell Into Good Soil: A History of Christianity in Iceland

3444: 3424: 3398: 3328: 3309: 3287: 3235: 2975: 2963: 2872: 2858: 2850: 2840: 2772:

The last two Catholic bishops of Iceland were Øgmundur Pállson of

2747: 2731: 2551: 2535: 2440: 2395: 2339: 816: 767: 303: 159: 149: 4987:"Fjöldi meðlima í trúfélögum og öðrum samanburðarhópum 1990–2016" 4746:

Christiano, Kevin J.; Swatos, William H.; Kivisto, Peter (2002).

2787:

Lutheran pamphlets were introduced in Iceland through trade with

4871:"Aðskilnaður ríkis og kirkju: Upphaf almennrar umræðu 1878–1915" 3720: 3468: 3456: 3428: 3359: 2915: 2909: 2519: 2515: 2495: 2345: 1058:

Membership of religious and philosophical organisations in 2023

6143: 5738: 5028: 4625: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4037: 3513:). Another very small minority is represented by followers of 3436: 3416: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 2972:, the first church which converted to Lutheranism in Iceland. 2863:

Logo used by the 2015 board of directors of the Zuist Church.

4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 290:(or Heathenry; Germanic Neopaganism) in Iceland also called 5008:

Icelandic Spiritualism: Mediumship and Modernity in Iceland

3143:). The Baháʼí Faith was introduced in 1924 by the American 294:, which seeks to reconstruct the Germanic folk religion; a 3529:— in Iceland was completed in 2013 at the country's small 3008:

In 2023, according to the official statistics provided by

3004:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Iceland

4372: 4370: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 3907:"Populations by religious and life stance organizations" 2640:

system and therefore considerable power in the Althing.

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Swatos, William H.; Gissurarson, Loftur Reimar (1997).

4601: 4599: 4597: 4530: 4528: 4337: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4131: 4129: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 42: 4085: 4083: 4081: 3790:), a Christian denomination, also known simply as the 3505:, represented by the Theosophical Society of Iceland ( 2712:. After the conversion of the country, members of the 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3569:

In 2023, the country received the maximum score for

3523:

ceremony — the continued complete recitation of the

3216:

represented by the Fellowship of Tibetan Buddhists (

3043:

immigrant community; Catholics are organised in the

1800:

Church of God Ministry of Jesus Christ International

219:'s monarchical centralisation in 872–930, with some 6203: 6177: 6121: 6073: 6035: 5772: 5599: 5537: 5458: 5362: 5313: 5222: 5209: 5113: 5075: 5066: 4677:"Iceland: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report" 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 1755:

Wat Phra Dhammakaya Buddhist Association in Iceland

90: Free Lutheran Church in Hafnarfjörður (1.94%) 4849:. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. 4747: 2453:), who presided the Althing which met annually at 4985:Sigurbjörnsson, Sigurður Rósant (29 March 2016). 4951:Central European Journal of Contemporary Religion 4925:Ring of Seasons: Iceland, Its Culture and History 4349: 3298:) which was recognised in 2020. There are also a 3147:— who was later recognised as a prominent Baháʼí 2540:Early Icelandic churches maintained the style of 2478:, local land spirits, and the gods of the common 4750:Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments 2647:, who had been baptised on the continent by the 2163:Eþíópíska Tewahedo rétttrúnaðarkirkjan á Íslandi 3786:of Iceland is the Evangelical Lutheran Church ( 3109:has a meetinghouse in Reykjavík and another in 3107:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2899:(Germanic Neopaganism), in Iceland also called 2405:Scandinavians began to arrive in larger numbers 1710:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 96: Independent Lutheran Congregation (0.82%) 84: Free Lutheran Church in Reykjavík (2.57%) 4008: 3822: 3820: 3344:), all with about the same number of members. 3340:) and the Organisation of Muslims in Iceland ( 3210:Wat Phra Dhammakaya búddistasamtökin á Íslandi 1760:Wat Phra Dhammakaya búddistasamtökin á Íslandi 6155: 5750: 5040: 3806: 3804: 3188:represented by the community Zen in Iceland ( 8: 4712:"Iceland and the Jewish Question until 1940" 4588: 4546: 4190: 4159: 4041: 3517:, numbering about 40 individuals; the first 3497:According to official statistics yielded by 1806:Alþjóðleg kirkja Guðs og embætti Jesú Krists 1716:Kirkja Jesú Krists hinna síðari daga heilögu 4729:Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power 3411:; the Icelandic Faith Fellowship of Zuism ( 3286:As of 2023, there was a small community of 2336:9th–10th century: early Germanic settlement 1238:Siðmennt félag siðrænna húmanista á Íslandi 112: Other Christian denominations (1.78%) 26: 6162: 6148: 6140: 5757: 5743: 5735: 5543: 5464: 5368: 5219: 5215: 5072: 5047: 5033: 5025: 3012:, 69.55% of the Icelandic population were 2768:Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein 1056: 341: 4993:(analysis of the official data yolden by 4856:"100 Years of the Baháʼí Faith in Europe" 4448:"Óljóst hvað verður um sóknargjöld Zuism" 4401:Ágúst Arnar Ágústsson (24 October 2017). 3487:Other beliefs, humanism and unaffiliation 310:(Mesopotamian Neopaganism); and others. 254:, which culminated in 1550. The Lutheran 4659:"First Akhand Path in Iceland Completed" 4657:Himmat Singh Khalsa (4 September 2013). 4605: 4534: 2955:Religions, philosophies and life stances 1375:Kirkja sjöunda dags aðventista á Íslandi 64:Religious affiliation in Iceland (2023) 32:This is an accepted version of this page 4171: 3843: 3772: 3594:A Russian Orthodox church in Reykjavík. 3584: 28: 4854:Hassall, Graham; Fazel, Seena (1998). 4221: 4209: 4147: 4120: 4072: 3672:Interior of the Lutheran cathedral of 3543:Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1911:Cultural Fellowship of Jews in Iceland 1232:Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 342: 258:has since then remained the country's 4771:Conversion Among the Germanic Peoples 4513:from the original on 17 February 2006 4425:"Amargi (Endurgreiðsla Sóknargjalda)" 4338:Christiano, Swatos & Kivisto 2002 4314: 4289: 4240: 4135: 4089: 3958:from the original on 22 November 2017 3778: 3776: 7: 4665:from the original on 1 January 2023. 4624:. Zuist Church. 2010. Archived from 4446:Kjartan Kjartansson (8 April 2022). 4388: 4376: 4361: 3938: 3262:in Iceland, in the country known as 3067:at the age of thirteen and became a 2728:16th century: Protestant Reformation 168: Other and unspecified (18.89%) 4570:from the original on 4 October 2016 3541:declared that they belonged to the 2620:and its official doctrine — as the 2532:10th–11th century: Christianisation 2225:World Peace Association of Families 4991:Trúrýni – trúarbrögðin sneiðmynduð 4980:from the original on 17 June 2022. 4731:. University of California Press. 3917:from the original on 10 March 2023 3358:Iceland has a small population of 3266:, part of the broader movement of 2869:Heathenry (new religious movement) 2373:When Iceland was first settled by 2156:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 1487:Islamic Cultural Centre of Iceland 1416:Organisation of Muslims in Iceland 57: 4944:"Zuism: History and Introduction" 4845:Gudnason, Gerhard (18 May 2021). 4509:. Manresa, Jesuit Retreat House. 4487:from the original on 4 March 2016 3117:, who converted while staying in 2498:, as highlighted by the poems of 5200: 4927:. University of Michigan Press. 4807:Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1990). 3728: 3713: 3697: 3681: 3665: 3649: 3627: 3611: 3606:Lutheran cathedral of Reykjavík. 3599: 3587: 3368:Menningarfélag Gyðinga á Íslandi 3254:From the 1970s there has been a 2668:in 995–996 and the Saxon priest 2185:Endurfædd kristin kirkja af Guði 1916:Menningarfélag Gyðinga á Íslandi 1492:Menningarsetur múslima á Íslandi 1345:Fellowship of Muslims in Iceland 3968:Section VI deals with religion. 3751:Christianisation of Scandinavia 2067:Theosophical Society of Iceland 1102:Other religions and unspecified 4792:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 481–483. 3409:ancient Mesopotamian religions 3354:History of the Jews in Iceland 3053:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin 2472:)". The Icelanders worshipped 2415:under a centralised monarchy. 2180:Reborn Christian Church of God 2133:Church of the Resurrected Life 1889:Baptist Church of the Emmanuel 1733:Christian Community of Betania 1299:Buddhist Fellowship of Iceland 1: 4661:. Sikh Dharma International. 4350:Swatos & Gissurarson 1997 3509:) and the New Avalon Centre ( 3419:(the supreme God of Heaven), 2561: 2349: 2231:Heimsfriðarsamtök fjölskyldna 1516:Serbneska rétttrúnaðarkirkjan 1328:Rússneska rétttrúnaðarkirkjan 1277:Pentecostal Church in Iceland 4710:Bergsson, Snorri G. (1998). 3974:This may be amended by law. 3016:, most of them adherents of 2982:Cathedral of Christ the King 2656:while Thorvald embarked for 2383:Norse settlements in Britain 2344:Statue representing the god 1368:Seventh-day Adventist Church 1185:Free Church in Hafnarfjörður 296:secular grouping of Humanism 4875:Studia Theologica Islandica 4507:"Jon Sveinsson, SJ (Nonni)" 3788:Evangelíska lúterska kirkja 3704:Stonen church in Hvalsnes, 3638:in the foreground, and the 3153:National Spiritual Assembly 3024:(58.61%) or minor Lutheran 2990:Christianization of Iceland 2577:Christianisation of Iceland 2480:northern Germanic tradition 1955:Tibetan Buddhist Fellowship 1282:Hvítasunnukirkjan á Íslandi 6285: 5188:2008–2011 financial crisis 5010:. Transaction Publishers. 4809:The Reformation, 1520-1559 4769:Cusack, Carole M. (1998). 3490: 3396: 3351: 3321: 3260:northern Germanic religion 3247: 3170: 3157:Local Spiritual Assemblies 3128: 3020:, belonging to either the 3000:Catholic Church in Iceland 2993: 2987: 2866: 2835:and the Church Ordinance. 2765: 2759: 2580: 2574: 2569:National Museum of Iceland 2468:, "truth of the gods (the 2362: 2357:National Museum of Iceland 1777:Church of the Annunciation 1602:Icelandic Church of Christ 229:northern Germanic religion 174: Unaffiliated (7.71%) 5696: 5546: 5467: 5371: 5218: 5198: 4971:10.14712/25704893.2021.31 3954:. Government of Iceland. 3342:Stofnun múslima á Íslandi 3318:of Iceland, in Reykjavík. 3198:Soka Gakkai International 2138:Kirkja hins upprisna lífs 2045:Congregation of Sjónarhæð 1585:Hjálpræðisherinn trúfélag 1470:Vegurinn kirkja fyrir þig 1451:Mesopotamian Neopaganism 1438:Faith Fellowship of Zuism 1421:Stofnun múslima á Íslandi 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 5376:Administrative divisions 4942:Nash, Alexander (2020). 4869:Hugason, Hjalti (2018). 4727:Byock, Jesse L. (1988). 4547:Hassall & Fazel 1998 4475:Dioecesis Reykiavikensis 3794:or the National Church ( 3538:Icelandic civil registry 3423:(the Earth), as well as 3220:) and by a community of 2929:In the early 2010s, the 2742:Hólar University College 2202:Iceland Christian Nation 1894:Emmanúel baptistakirkjan 1845:Lakulish Yoga in Iceland 1738:Betanía kristið samfélag 1649:Dialectical materialism 1577:Faith Fellowship of the 1255:Independent Congregation 1190:Fríkirkjan í Hafnarfirði 1162:Free Church in Reykjavík 39:latest accepted revision 4923:Lacy, Terry G. (2000). 4473:"Diocese of Reykjavik, 3559:dialectical materialism 3338:Félag múslima á Íslandi 3296:Lakulish jóga á Íslandi 3131:Baháʼí Faith in Iceland 2460:The religion was named 2111:Fellowship of Believers 1850:Lakulish jóga á Íslandi 1510:Serbian Orthodox Church 1350:Félag múslima á Íslandi 1322:Russian Orthodox Church 266:receive support from a 246:, formally switched to 234:Starting in the 1530s, 199:under the influence of 183:has been predominantly 18:Christianity in Iceland 5815:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4826:Fell, Michael (1999). 4634:"Kennisetningar Zuism" 3990: 3319: 3245: 3226:Demantsleið búddismans 3090:(0.02%), and forms of 3063:. The latter moved to 2985: 2973: 2864: 2856: 2814:and Norway under King 2757: 2754:Protestant Reformation 2745: 2572: 2549: 2434:) were organised into 2430:Icelandic landowners ( 2360: 2050:Sjónarhæðarsöfnuðurinn 1984:Demantsleið búddismans 1938:Fyrsta baptistakirkjan 1607:Íslenska Kristskirkjan 1168:Fríkirkjan í Reykjavík 225:Norse British settlers 6195:Roman Catholic Church 5158:Independence Movement 5153:Danish trade monopoly 4861:Baháʼí Studies Review 3969: 3688:Wooden church in the 3636:Reykjavík Free Church 3557:, an organisation of 3511:Nýja Avalon miðstöðin 3507:Lífspekifélag Íslands 3493:Irreligion in Iceland 3427:(the god of air) and 3397:Further information: 3313: 3239: 3182:Búddistafélag Íslands 3084:Seventh-day Adventism 3080:Orthodox Christianity 3049:Dávid Bartimej Tencer 3030:Reykjavík Free Church 2979: 2970:Cathedral of Skálholt 2967: 2867:Further information: 2862: 2854: 2766:Further information: 2762:Icelandic Reformation 2751: 2735: 2618:Roman Catholic Church 2587:Apart from the Irish 2583:Germanic Christianity 2581:Further information: 2555: 2539: 2522:, as attested in the 2363:Further information: 2343: 2277:Nýja Avalon miðstöðin 2072:Lífspekifélag Íslands 1304:Búddistafélag Íslands 914:Other and unspecified 520:└ Other non-Catholic 280:University of Iceland 252:Icelandic Reformation 4560:"Hvað er hindúismi?" 4435:on 29 December 2017. 4413:on 20 December 2017. 4224:, pp. 162, 168. 3658:Theosophical Society 3549:), which represents 3431:(the god of water), 3240:Heathen ceremony at 3222:Diamond Way Buddhism 3218:Félag Tíbet búddista 3088:Baptist Christianity 3047:, led by the bishop 3045:Diocese of Reykjavík 3028:(5.33%), namely the 2686:Thorgeir Thorkelsson 2381:and people from the 2023:Godword of Reykjavík 1978:Diamond Way Buddhism 1960:Félag Tíbet búddista 1933:First Baptist Church 1823:Free Church of Kefas 6269:Religion in Iceland 6171:Religion in Iceland 6036:States with limited 5766:Religion in Europe 4754:. Rowman Altamira. 4722:on 22 January 2008. 4716:notendur.centrum.is 4644:on 16 January 2018. 4009:Sigurbjörnsson 2016 3737:Kirkjubæjarklaustur 3723:church in Víðimýri. 3618:Catholic church of 3565:Freedom of religion 3196:represented by the 3173:Buddhism in Iceland 3096:Jehovah's Witnesses 2793:Oddur Gottskálksson 2666:Stefnir Thorgilsson 2645:Thorvald Konradsson 2500:Hallfreðr Óttarsson 2411:, who was unifying 2207:Ísland kristin þjóð 1393:Jehovah's Witnesses 1208:Asatruar Fellowship 1059: 347: 288:Germanic Heathenism 181:Religion in Iceland 29:Page version status 5576:Icelandic Language 5001:on 12 August 2017. 4995:Statistics Iceland 4963:Charles University 4481:Catholic Hierarchy 4471:Chenery, David M. 3911:Statistics Iceland 3761:Religion in Europe 3756:Religion in Norway 3644:in the background. 3499:Statistics Iceland 3320: 3268:Germanic Heathenry 3246: 3206:Theravada Buddhism 3115:Gudmund Gudmundson 3035:At the same time, 3010:Statistics Iceland 2986: 2974: 2935:Mesopotamian Zuism 2905:Icelandic language 2897:Germanic Heathenry 2893:Neopagan religions 2865: 2857: 2801:Icelandic language 2776:and Jón Arason of 2758: 2746: 2738:Cathedral of Hólar 2658:Viking expeditions 2573: 2550: 2377:(but also by some 2365:Old Norse religion 2361: 1057: 345:Statistics Iceland 315:Statistics Iceland 308:Mesopotamian Zuism 276:statistical office 211:— who were mostly 35: 6256: 6255: 6185:Church of Iceland 6137: 6136: 5732: 5731: 5692: 5691: 5533: 5532: 5454: 5453: 5431:Political parties 5396:Foreign relations 5358: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5196: 5195: 4997:). Archived from 4773:. A&C Black. 4589:Arnarsdóttir 2014 4391:, pp. 56–57. 4379:, pp. 52–55. 3792:Church of Iceland 3735:Modern church in 3571:religious freedom 3526:Guru Granth Sahib 3383:Dorrit Moussaieff 3276:Reykjavíkurgoðorð 3194:Nichiren Buddhism 3149:Hand of the Cause 3141:Baháʼí samfélagið 3100:Latter-day Saints 3037:Roman Catholicism 3022:Church of Iceland 2996:Church of Iceland 2949:Sumerian language 2556:Carved statue of 2444:("god-man"). The 2369:Germanic paganism 2328: 2327: 2302: 2280: 2272:New Avalon Centre 2258: 2234: 2210: 2188: 2166: 2141: 2119: 2097: 2075: 2053: 2031: 2028:Reykjavíkurgoðorð 2009: 1987: 1963: 1941: 1919: 1897: 1875: 1853: 1831: 1809: 1785: 1763: 1741: 1719: 1695: 1670: 1632: 1610: 1588: 1563: 1560:Baháʼí samfélagið 1541: 1533:Church of Smárinn 1519: 1495: 1473: 1446: 1424: 1402: 1378: 1353: 1331: 1307: 1285: 1263: 1260:Óháði söfnuðurinn 1244:Secular humanism 1241: 1217: 1193: 1171: 1147: 1087: 1078:Church of Iceland 1054: 1053: 472:Church of Iceland 256:Church of Iceland 215:settlers fleeing 72:Church of Iceland 16:(Redirected from 6276: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6141: 6074:Dependencies and 5773:Sovereign states 5759: 5752: 5745: 5736: 5712: 5705: 5669:National costume 5544: 5490: 5465: 5369: 5220: 5216: 5204: 5133:Christianization 5073: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5021: 5002: 4981: 4979: 4948: 4938: 4919: 4882: 4865: 4850: 4841: 4822: 4803: 4784: 4765: 4753: 4742: 4723: 4718:. Archived from 4706: 4685: 4684: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4640:. Archived from 4629: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4566:. 29 July 2013. 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4460:on 26 June 2022. 4456:. Archived from 4443: 4437: 4436: 4431:. Archived from 4421: 4415: 4414: 4409:. Archived from 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4318: 4312: 4293: 4287: 4244: 4238: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4124: 4118: 4093: 4087: 4076: 4070: 4045: 4039: 4012: 4006: 3991: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3903: 3827: 3824: 3815: 3808: 3799: 3782:Since 1550, the 3780: 3732: 3717: 3701: 3685: 3669: 3656:Building of the 3653: 3634:Building of the 3631: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3551:secular humanism 3376:Second World War 3324:Islam in Iceland 3214:Tibetan Buddhism 2808:Gissur Einarsson 2698:Snorri Sturluson 2566: 2563: 2354: 2351: 2296: 2274: 2252: 2228: 2204: 2182: 2160: 2135: 2116:Samfélag trúaðra 2113: 2091: 2069: 2047: 2025: 2003: 1981: 1957: 1935: 1913: 1891: 1869: 1847: 1828:Fríkirkjan Kefas 1825: 1803: 1779: 1757: 1735: 1713: 1689: 1664: 1626: 1604: 1582: 1557: 1555:Baháʼí Community 1535: 1513: 1489: 1467: 1440: 1418: 1396: 1372: 1347: 1325: 1301: 1279: 1257: 1235: 1211: 1187: 1165: 1144:Kaþólska kirkjan 1141: 1081: 1060: 348: 173: 167: 157: 147: 137: 127: 117: 111: 101: 95: 89: 83: 69: 21: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6241:Ásatrúarfélagið 6199: 6173: 6168: 6138: 6133: 6117: 6075: 6069: 6055:Northern Cyprus 6037: 6031: 5947:North Macedonia 5768: 5763: 5733: 5728: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5688: 5674:Public holidays 5595: 5529: 5488: 5450: 5411:Law enforcement 5350: 5309: 5205: 5192: 5109: 5062: 5053: 5018: 5005: 4984: 4977: 4959:Karolinum Press 4946: 4941: 4935: 4922: 4900:10.2307/2886763 4894:(74): 621–655. 4885: 4868: 4853: 4844: 4838: 4825: 4819: 4806: 4800: 4787: 4781: 4768: 4762: 4745: 4739: 4726: 4709: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4638:Zuism á Íslandi 4632: 4628:on 4 June 2012. 4620: 4616: 4612: 4604: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4429:Zuism á Íslandi 4423: 4422: 4418: 4407:Zuism á Íslandi 4400: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4383: 4375: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4321: 4313: 4296: 4288: 4247: 4239: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4208: 4197: 4189: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4158: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4119: 4096: 4088: 4079: 4071: 4048: 4040: 4015: 4007: 3994: 3961: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3905: 3904: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3809: 3802: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3724: 3718: 3709: 3702: 3693: 3686: 3677: 3670: 3661: 3654: 3645: 3641:Hallgrímskirkja 3632: 3623: 3616: 3607: 3604: 3595: 3592: 3583: 3567: 3495: 3489: 3435:(the Moon) and 3407:rebirth of the 3401: 3395: 3356: 3350: 3326: 3308: 3284: 3272:Ásatrúarfélagið 3258:rebirth of the 3252: 3250:Ásatrúarfélagið 3244:, in Reykjavík. 3234: 3184:), followed by 3175: 3169: 3133: 3127: 3057:Halldór Laxness 3051:(1963–) of the 3006: 2994:Main articles: 2992: 2962: 2957: 2923:Ásatrúarfélagið 2875: 2849: 2843:was published. 2829:Peder Palladius 2770: 2764: 2730: 2634:Olaf Tryggvason 2585: 2579: 2564: 2534: 2525:Víga-Glúms saga 2409:Harald Fairhair 2371: 2352: 2338: 2333: 2295: 2273: 2251: 2227: 2203: 2181: 2159: 2134: 2112: 2090: 2089:House of Prayer 2068: 2046: 2024: 2002: 2001:Heaven on Earth 1980: 1956: 1934: 1912: 1890: 1868: 1846: 1824: 1802: 1778: 1756: 1734: 1712: 1688: 1663: 1625: 1603: 1581: 1556: 1534: 1512: 1488: 1466: 1450: 1439: 1417: 1395: 1371: 1346: 1324: 1300: 1278: 1256: 1234: 1214:Ásatrúarfélagið 1210: 1186: 1164: 1140: 1138:Catholic Church 1080: 1055: 572:Catholic Church 339: 217:Harald Fairhair 201:Olaf Tryggvason 178: 177: 176: 175: 171: 169: 165: 163: 155: 153: 145: 143: 135: 133: 125: 123: 115: 113: 109: 107: 104:Catholic Church 99: 97: 93: 91: 87: 85: 81: 79: 67: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6282: 6280: 6272: 6271: 6261: 6260: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6129:European Union 6125: 6123: 6122:Other entities 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6076:other entities 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6041: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6022:United Kingdom 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5835:Czech Republic 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5713: 5706: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5500:Nasdaq Iceland 5497: 5492: 5484: 5482:Communications 5479: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5441:Prime Minister 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5341:Municipalities 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5321:Constituencies 5317: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5280:National parks 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5240:Extreme points 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5016: 5003: 4982: 4939: 4933: 4920: 4883: 4866: 4851: 4842: 4836: 4823: 4817: 4804: 4799:978-1610695664 4798: 4785: 4779: 4766: 4760: 4743: 4737: 4724: 4707: 4699:Iceland Review 4692: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4668: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4630: 4610: 4593: 4581: 4551: 4539: 4524: 4498: 4463: 4438: 4416: 4393: 4381: 4366: 4364:, p. 250. 4354: 4342: 4340:, p. 331. 4319: 4317:, p. 156. 4294: 4292:, p. 155. 4245: 4243:, p. 154. 4226: 4214: 4212:, p. 167. 4195: 4193:, p. 483. 4176: 4164: 4162:, p. 481. 4152: 4150:, p. 168. 4140: 4138:, p. 138. 4125: 4123:, p. 161. 4094: 4077: 4075:, p. 160. 4046: 4044:, p. 482. 4013: 3992: 3943: 3928: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3816: 3812:civil registry 3800: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3727: 3725: 3719: 3712: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3680: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3646: 3633: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3566: 3563: 3491:Main article: 3488: 3485: 3413:Zuism trúfélag 3394: 3391: 3352:Main article: 3349: 3346: 3322:Main article: 3307: 3304: 3283: 3280: 3248:Main article: 3233: 3230: 3171:Main article: 3168: 3165: 3161:Margit Warburg 3145:Amelia Collins 3129:Main article: 3126: 3123: 3092:Restorationism 3076:Pentecostalism 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2931:Zuism trúfélag 2848: 2845: 2760:Main article: 2729: 2726: 2662:Eastern Europe 2630:king of Norway 2622:state religion 2611:Eyrbyggja saga 2599:, integrating 2575:Main article: 2533: 2530: 2511:Eyrbyggja saga 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006:Himinn á jörðu 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782:Boðunarkirkjan 1774: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1667:Catch the Fire 1661:Catch the Fire 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1624:Zen in Iceland 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1579:Salvation Army 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1465:Church for You 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1447: 1443:Zuism trúfélag 1435: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 958: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 911: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 862: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 813: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 764: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 715: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 666: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 617: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 567: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 517: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 467: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 418: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 374: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 340: 338: 335: 264:civil registry 242:and under the 240:Roman Catholic 205:king of Norway 193:state religion 170: 164: 154: 144: 134: 124: 114: 108: 98: 92: 86: 80: 66: 62: 61: 60: 56: 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6281: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6153: 6151: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088:Faroe Islands 6086: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6060:South Ossetia 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5907:Liechtenstein 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5446:Supreme Court 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4957:(1). Prague: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4752: 4751: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4681:Freedom House 4678: 4672: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4650: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4622:"About Zuism" 4619: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4606:Bergsson 1998 4602: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4582: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4535:Gudnason 2021 4531: 4529: 4525: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4464: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4191:D'Angelo 2016 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4165: 4161: 4160:D'Angelo 2016 4156: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4092:, p. 55. 4091: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4042:D'Angelo 2016 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3660:in Reykjavík. 3659: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3575:Freedom House 3572: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3387:Bukharian Jew 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3202:SGI á Íslandi 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Zen á Íslandi 3187: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061:Jón Sveinsson 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3026:free churches 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2984:in Reykjavík. 2983: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2895:, especially 2894: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2836: 2834: 2833:Old Testament 2830: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816:Christian III 2813: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2797:New Testament 2794: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2755: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2736:The Lutheran 2734: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2570: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2347: 2342: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2305:Spirituality 2304: 2300: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2237:Christianity 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2213:Christianity 2212: 2208: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2191:Christianity 2190: 2186: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2169:Christianity 2168: 2164: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2144:Christianity 2143: 2139: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2122:Christianity 2121: 2117: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100:Christianity 2099: 2095: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2056:Christianity 2055: 2051: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2012:Christianity 2011: 2007: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1944:Christianity 1943: 1939: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1900:Christianity 1899: 1895: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1878:Christianity 1877: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1834:Christianity 1833: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1812:Christianity 1811: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1788:Christianity 1787: 1783: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1744:Christianity 1743: 1739: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1722:Christianity 1721: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692:SGI á Íslandi 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1673:Christianity 1672: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1629:Zen á Íslandi 1623: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1613:Christianity 1612: 1608: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1591:Christianity 1590: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1566:Baháʼí Faith 1565: 1561: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1544:Christianity 1543: 1539: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1522:Christianity 1521: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1476:Christianity 1475: 1471: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1405:Christianity 1404: 1400: 1399:Vottar Jehóva 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1381:Christianity 1380: 1376: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1334:Christianity 1333: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1288:Christianity 1287: 1283: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1266:Christianity 1265: 1261: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1196:Christianity 1195: 1191: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1174:Christianity 1173: 1169: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1150:Christianity 1149: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1090:Christianity 1089: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1063:Organisation 1062: 1061: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 959: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 912: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 867: 864: 863: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 614: 611: 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4999:the original 4990: 4954: 4950: 4924: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4874: 4859: 4827: 4808: 4789: 4770: 4749: 4728: 4720:the original 4715: 4702: 4698: 4680: 4671: 4652: 4642:the original 4637: 4626:the original 4613: 4584: 4572:. Retrieved 4563: 4554: 4542: 4515:. Retrieved 4501: 4489:. Retrieved 4480: 4474: 4466: 4458:the original 4451: 4441: 4433:the original 4428: 4419: 4411:the original 4406: 4396: 4384: 4357: 4345: 4217: 4172:Jochens 1999 4167: 4155: 4143: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3960:. Retrieved 3946: 3919:. Retrieved 3795: 3787: 3784:state church 3639: 3568: 3554: 3546: 3535: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3412: 3402: 3372:anti-Semitic 3367: 3357: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3295: 3292:Ananda Marga 3285: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3253: 3225: 3217: 3209: 3201: 3200:in Iceland ( 3189: 3186:Zen Buddhism 3181: 3176: 3140: 3137:Baháʼí Faith 3134: 3125:Baháʼí Faith 3098:(0.15%) and 3073: 3034: 3007: 2960:Christianity 2942: 2938: 2930: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2900: 2889: 2880:spiritualist 2876: 2837: 2805: 2786: 2771: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2694:ættarspillar 2693: 2690: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2642: 2637: 2625: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2601:Jesus Christ 2592: 2588: 2586: 2558:Jesus Christ 2542:Heathen hofs 2523: 2509: 2503: 2489: 2483: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2435: 2432:landnámsmenn 2431: 2429: 2417: 2400: 2394: 2372: 2298: 2276: 2255:Ananda Marga 2254: 2249:Ananda Marga 2230: 2206: 2184: 2162: 2137: 2115: 2093: 2071: 2049: 2027: 2005: 1983: 1959: 1937: 1915: 1893: 1871: 1849: 1827: 1805: 1781: 1759: 1737: 1715: 1691: 1666: 1628: 1606: 1584: 1559: 1537: 1515: 1491: 1469: 1442: 1420: 1398: 1374: 1349: 1327: 1303: 1281: 1259: 1237: 1213: 1189: 1167: 1143: 1124: 1120:Unaffiliated 1119: 1106: 1101: 1083: 961:Unaffiliated 866:Baháʼí Faith 422:Christianity 337:Demographics 331: 324: 312: 291: 284: 271: 260:state church 244:Danish crown 233: 189:its adoption 185:Christianity 180: 179: 63: 58: 46: 37:This is the 31: 6236:Neopaganism 6204:Other types 6103:Isle of Man 6038:recognition 6007:Switzerland 5942:Netherlands 5472:Agriculture 5416:LGBT rights 5235:Earthquakes 5148:Reformation 5138:Aristocracy 5100:Prohibition 5095:Nationality 4881:(2): 44–71. 4864:(8): 35–44. 4705:(1): 64–68. 4222:Cusack 1998 4210:Cusack 1998 4148:Cusack 1998 4121:Cusack 1998 4073:Cusack 1998 3796:Þjóðkirkjan 3520:Akhand Path 3439:(the Sun), 3362:practising 3300:Sri Chinmoy 3242:Thingvellir 3018:Lutheranism 2939:sóknargjald 2820:monasteries 2782:Lutheranism 2722:sóknargjald 2709:Poetic Edda 2674:frændaskomm 2626:kristnitaka 2593:Landnámabók 2565: 1200 2546:Thingvellir 2508:and in the 2505:Landnámabók 2455:Thingvellir 2451:lögsögumaðr 2353: 1000 2316:Population 1872:Heimakirkja 1867:Home Church 1538:Smárakirkja 1084:Þjóðkirkjan 272:sóknargjald 248:Lutheranism 47:3 July 2024 6221:Irreligion 6190:LDS Church 5977:San Marino 5937:Montenegro 5917:Luxembourg 5897:Kazakhstan 5800:Azerbaijan 5684:Television 5654:Mass media 5649:Literature 5571:Icelanders 5566:Healthcare 5489:(currency) 5426:Parliament 5336:Localities 5300:Waterfalls 5123:Settlement 5017:1412825776 4934:0472086618 4837:0820438812 4818:0521345367 4780:0304701556 4761:0759100357 4738:0520054202 4564:Áttavitinn 4517:21 January 4315:Elton 1990 4290:Elton 1990 4241:Elton 1990 4136:Byock 1988 4090:Byock 1988 3962:14 October 3834:References 3690:Westfjords 3380:First Lady 3014:Christians 2988:See also: 2913:s and the 2824:Copenhagen 2703:Prose Edda 2670:Thangbrand 2597:syncretism 2475:landvættir 2399:(singular 2391:anchorites 2389:Christian 2375:Norwegians 2283:Theosophy 2158:in Iceland 2078:Theosophy 2034:Heathenry 1687:in Iceland 1370:in Iceland 1220:Heathenry 1008:Population 522:Christians 268:church tax 227:— was the 209:Icelanders 120:Heathenism 78:) (58.61%) 6248:Theosophy 6093:Gibraltar 5912:Lithuania 5581:Languages 5561:Education 5525:Transport 5510:Outvasion 5436:President 5391:Elections 5331:Farthings 5314:Political 5295:Volcanoes 5265:Highlands 5211:Geography 4965:: 51–69. 4916:162464020 4847:"Iceland" 4389:Nash 2020 4377:Nash 2020 4362:Fell 1999 3939:Lacy 2000 3839:Citations 3706:Reykjanes 3531:gurudwara 3503:Theosophy 3232:Heathenry 3105:(0.04%). 3103:Mormonism 3094:, namely 3086:(0.15%), 3078:(0.54%), 2980:Catholic 2968:Lutheran 2884:Theosophy 2882:beliefs. 2799:into the 2502:, in the 2482:, within 2393:known as 2261:Hinduism 2094:Bænahúsið 1990:Buddhism 1966:Buddhism 1856:Hinduism 1766:Buddhism 1698:Buddhism 1635:Buddhism 1310:Buddhism 1066:Religion 621:Heathenry 351:Religion 250:with the 213:Norwegian 6263:Category 6216:Buddhism 6113:Svalbard 6098:Guernsey 6045:Abkhazia 5992:Slovenia 5987:Slovakia 5962:Portugal 5820:Bulgaria 5719:Category 5586:Religion 5551:Abortion 5515:Taxation 5421:Military 5364:Politics 5326:Counties 5305:Wildlife 5260:Glaciers 5183:Cod Wars 5178:Cold War 5173:Invasion 5115:Timeline 5090:Military 5085:Economic 5077:By topic 5060:articles 4975:Archived 4888:Speculum 4663:Archived 4568:Archived 4511:Archived 4485:Archived 4453:Vísir.is 3956:Archived 3921:10 March 3915:Archived 3745:See also 3674:Skálholt 3620:Akureyri 3547:Siðmennt 3405:Neopagan 3282:Hinduism 3256:Neopagan 3178:Buddhism 3167:Buddhism 3082:(0.3%), 2774:Skálholt 2718:Skálholt 2706:and the 2403:). When 2321:387,758 1922:Judaism 1093:227,259 1069:Members 719:Buddhism 670:Humanism 300:Buddhism 140:Buddhism 130:Humanism 76:Lutheran 43:reviewed 6231:Judaism 6017:Ukraine 5967:Romania 5927:Moldova 5885:Ireland 5880:Iceland 5875:Hungary 5865:Germany 5860:Georgia 5850:Finland 5845:Estonia 5840:Denmark 5825:Croatia 5810:Belgium 5805:Belarus 5795:Austria 5790:Armenia 5785:Andorra 5780:Albania 5703:Outline 5639:Cuisine 5601:Culture 5539:Society 5520:Tourism 5477:Banking 5460:Economy 5381:Cabinet 5346:Regions 5290:Valleys 5270:Islands 5255:Geology 5250:Forests 5230:Climate 5223:Natural 5163:Kingdom 5068:History 5056:Iceland 4908:2886763 4691:Sources 4491:29 June 3581:Gallery 3515:Sikhism 3479:), and 3473:Ninurta 3461:Mercury 3453:Jupiter 3385:, is a 3364:Judaism 3348:Judaism 3333:Muslims 3212:), and 3119:Denmark 3111:Selfoss 2947:in the 2812:Denmark 2789:Germany 2462:Goðatrú 2423:. The " 2421:Althing 2331:History 2324:100.00 1646:DíaMat 1463:The Way 1153:14,869 1129:29,883 1125:Unknown 1111:72,631 1107:Various 1047:364,134 1041:332,529 1035:317,630 1029:299,404 1023:282,845 1017:267,809 1011:255,855 515:63.47% 512:231,112 506:237,938 500:251,487 494:251,728 488:248,411 482:245,049 476:236,959 462:273,321 456:276,649 450:284,146 444:277,863 438:268,642 432:260,311 426:250,501 413:Number 407:Number 401:Number 395:Number 389:Number 383:Number 377:Number 236:Iceland 197:Althing 195:by the 191:as the 162:(0.14%) 142:(0.42%) 132:(1.39%) 106:(3.83%) 6108:Jersey 6050:Kosovo 6012:Turkey 6002:Sweden 5982:Serbia 5972:Russia 5957:Poland 5952:Norway 5932:Monaco 5902:Latvia 5870:Greece 5855:France 5830:Cyprus 5724:Portal 5629:Cinema 5609:Anthem 5495:Energy 5487:Króna 5285:Rivers 5245:Fjords 5105:Rulers 5058: 5014: 4931: 4914: 4906: 4834: 4815: 4796: 4777: 4758: 4735: 4574:28 May 3721:Turfen 3555:DíaMat 3481:Dumuzi 3477:Saturn 3465:Nergal 3449:Marduk 3441:Inanna 3316:Mosque 3314:Grand 3288:Hindus 3264:Ásatrú 3069:Jesuit 3065:France 3041:Polish 3002:, and 2944:amargi 2901:Ásatrú 2740:, and 2714:goðorð 2654:Saxony 2638:goðorð 2606:Ásatrú 2491:hörgar 2466:Ásatrú 2436:goðorð 2425:things 2413:Norway 2379:Swedes 2299:Vitund 2294:Vitund 1498:Islam 1427:Islam 1356:Islam 1313:1,101 1291:2,076 1269:3,166 1247:5,401 1223:5,770 1199:7,509 1177:9,953 1114:18.73 1096:58.61 1003:7.17% 1000:26,114 994:19,202 988:10,336 956:14.3% 953:52,086 947:26,359 941:19,647 935:11,794 860:0.33% 811:0.35% 762:0.42% 713:0.96% 664:1.31% 615:4.02% 612:14,632 606:12,414 565:7.57% 562:27,577 556:26,297 550:22,987 544:19,684 538:15,924 532:12,709 526:11,146 465:75.1% 292:Ásatrú 221:Swedes 203:, the 187:since 172: 166: 158: 156: 152:(0.4%) 148: 146: 138: 136: 128: 126: 122:(1.5%) 118: 116: 110: 102: 100: 94: 88: 82: 70: 68: 6226:Islam 6083:Åland 5997:Spain 5922:Malta 5892:Italy 5710:Index 5679:Sport 5664:Names 5659:Music 5624:Chess 5591:Women 5275:Lakes 4978:(PDF) 4947:(PDF) 4912:S2CID 4904:JSTOR 3767:Notes 3573:from 3445:Venus 3433:Nanna 3425:Enlil 3399:Zuism 3393:Zuism 3329:Islam 3306:Islam 2873:Zuism 2841:Bible 2778:Hólar 2682:goðar 2649:Saxon 2589:papar 2446:goðar 2396:papar 2387:Irish 2311:0.00 2289:0.00 2267:0.00 2243:0.00 2219:0.00 2197:0.01 2175:0.01 2150:0.01 2128:0.01 2106:0.01 2084:0.01 2062:0.01 2040:0.01 2018:0.01 1996:0.01 1972:0.01 1950:0.01 1928:0.01 1906:0.01 1884:0.02 1862:0.02 1840:0.02 1818:0.03 1794:0.03 1772:0.03 1750:0.04 1728:0.04 1704:0.04 1679:0.05 1655:0.05 1641:0.05 1619:0.06 1597:0.06 1572:0.08 1550:0.09 1528:0.10 1504:0.11 1482:0.11 1457:0.14 1449:Zuism 1433:0.14 1411:0.15 1387:0.15 1362:0.15 1340:0.20 1316:0.28 1294:0.54 1272:0.82 1250:1.39 1226:1.49 1202:1.94 1180:2.57 1156:3.83 1132:7.71 1050:100% 982:7,379 976:6,350 970:3,923 964:3,373 929:6,325 923:2,753 917:1,505 909:0.1% 879:0.15% 857:1,213 851:3,087 817:Zuism 808:1,281 787:0.05% 768:Islam 759:1,495 753:1,336 747:1,090 732:0.08% 710:3,507 704:1,456 661:4,764 655:3,210 649:1,422 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