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775:, minister of war in the Károlyi government. Due to the full disarmament of its army, Hungary was to remain without a national defense at a time of particular vulnerability. The Hungarian self-disarmament made the occupation of Hungary directly possible for the relatively small armies of Romania, the Franco-Serbian army and the armed forces of the newly established Czechoslovakia. During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary rapidly lost control over approx. 75% of its former pre-WW1 territories (325 411 km) without armed resistance and was subject to foreign occupation.
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the parties of the
National Council. Károlyi assembled his cabinet that day. The revolution technically didn't change Hungary's legal status, as the new government still swore an oath to the king. However, afraid of the radicalized public opinion, Károlyi asked to be relieved of his oath by the next day 1 November, which he was granted. Subsequently the government took a new oath to the Hungarian National Council.
77:
742:). Targets of violence differed from region: apart from landowners and administrators, Jewish merchants were often targeted, especially in the east. In areas mostly inhabited by non-Magyars, unrest took an explicitly ethnic character. Unrest continued throughout November and December, and in many places order was only restored by the arrival of Czech, Romanian, Serbian or French troops.
36:
721:, who then turned to the revolution and looted the train for weapons. Unions halted rail traffic to and from Budapest. Telephone exchanges, posts and banks were seized. Lukachich himself was arrested. At this point the National Council, still wanting to avoid a violent confrontation, had lost control. Their members slept in Hotel Astoria, uncertain of the future.
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on 16 November 1918. Károlyi, who was already Prime
Minister, would also serve as the provisional head of state. That day, both houses of parliament dissolved themselves, and an expanded Hungarian National Council was called representing local councils that sprung up throughout the country during the
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Although the Károlyi government initially didn't declare independence, the collapse of
Habsburg power in Austria made the distinction meaningless. On 13 November, after a similar proclamation was made for the Austrian throne, Charles issued a proclamation recognizing Hungary's right to determine the
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At 3 on the morning of 31 October 1918, János Hadik called up the
Emperor and notified him of his resignation. He had been Prime Minister for a mere 17 hours, the shortest tenure in Hungarian history. The Emperor relented, nominated Károlyi as Prime Minister, and asked him to form a government with
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in
January 1918 had demanded only "autonomous development" of nations). Meanwhile emerging in influence among the Entente powers had been demands by Italian-backed Czechs and the Southern Slavs. After abortive attempts to negotiate a separate peace, plans among Entente leaders increasingly favoured
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In a final attempt to salvage his empire, Emperor
Charles on 16 October legitimised the formation of National Councils and published the Völkermanifest, declaring federalisation of the Austrian part of the empire. This, however, only accelerated collapse: by the end of October, secession had been
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The revolution was brought about by widespread protests as World War I wore on, from which Mihály Károlyi emerged as the leader of the newly proclaimed First
Hungarian People's Republic. This lasted between 16 November 1918 and 21 March 1919. Supporters of Károlyi, many of whom were demobilised
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the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. By Summer 1918 the
Entente recognised the Czechoslovak National Council as the future government of an independent Czechoslovakia. Therefore Austro-Hungarian peace offers based on the 14 points were rejected.
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during
Wekerle's resignation, but had to return to Vienna due to the deteriorating situation) was inclined to nominate Károlyi as Prime Minister to stabilise the situation. He changed his mind following the advice of prominent Hungarian politicians like
671:. Independently, two days later, a Soldiers' Council was established by flight lieutenant Imre Csernyák. Two days afterwards, on 27 October, the National Council nominated him as chairman of the committee of the armed forces.
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Although the revolution in
Budapest was relatively bloodless, a wave of violence and looting swept across the countryside as returning soldiers wrecked havoc on representatives of the old order. Local administration and the
223:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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István Tisza, the former prime minister, became a target of anger for the revolutionary crowds, blaming him for the war. He was assassinated the afternoon of 31 October in his villa near City Park by disgruntled soldiers.
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on the Italian front. In mid-September, the Entente broke through the Macedonian Front. Unable to halt their advance, Bulgaria capitulated on 29 September; the position of the Austrian military became untenable.
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collapsed, replaced by local National Councils and a variety of spontaneously formed paramilitaries to protect local interests. The government attempted to formalize and regulate them as the National Guard
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713:, which quickly became a revolutionary symbol. Over the course of the day, the Soldiers' Council took over strategic points in the city, and freed political prisoners. Notably, on the initiative of
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Romania and Italy had been promised large territorial concessions earlier in the war. However, there had been differing opinions over the future dismemberment of Austria-Hungary (the 14 points of
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was tasked to keep order in Budapest. Although he was firmly set against the National Council, his forces quickly deserted him, rendering him powerless to stop the revolution.
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form of the state and withdrawing from Hungarian affairs of state (although he did not explicitly resign). This opened the legal path to declare full independence as the
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revolution. This National Council would serve as a provisional legislature throughout Károlyi's reign, as free elections would ultimately never be held.
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on the Italian Front. Hungarian units of the already disintegrating army flooded home, destabilising the already precarious situation on the street.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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still had more than 1,400,000 soldiers when Mihály Károlyi was announced as prime minister of Hungary. Károlyi yielded to U.S. President
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Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Issue 3 of CHSP Hungarian authors series East European monographs
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hungarian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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streets in favour of a National Council, and demanding Károlyi as Prime Minister. On 28 October 1918 the crowd (
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and, after a brief revival of the People's Republic, the monarchy was restored, now as an independent country.
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In Hungary, on 17 October, the ruling Third Wekerle Government abolished the 1867 Compromise, retaining only a
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In the second half of 1918, the course of World War I turned decisively against the Central Powers. The
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as the symbol of the revolution. Following its success, Hungary declared its independence. As a result,
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declared the war "lost" before Parliament. Unable to cope, Wekerle resigned on 23 October.
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was established from opposition forces, most prominent among them Mihály Károlyi and his
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announced by most National Councils, including the Austrian Germans themselves.
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Rudnytsky, Peter L.; Bokay, Antal; Giampieri-Deutsch, Patrizia (1 July 2000).
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The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923
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Demonstration in favour of the National Council in Budapest on 27 October
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The Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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786:. Soviet Hungary soon collapsed due to internal discontent and a
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The trigger point came on 30 October, when the Emperor nominated
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collapsed by July. The Central Powers likewise suffered at the
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Revolutionary soldiers wearing aster flowers, 31 October 1918
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In March 1919, the republic was itself overthrown by a
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a machine-translated version of the Hungarian article.
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Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
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A forradalmak kora: Magyarország története: 1918-1920
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with Austria. On the same day, former prime minister
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1123:. Associated University Presses 1986. p. 34.
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846:Cornelius, Deborah S. (25 February 2017).
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1855:Commune of the Working People of Estonia
1698:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1164:. Mediaworks Hungary Zrt. Archived from
1138:. Palgrave Macmillan 2008. p. 156.
623:On 24 October, the Entente launched its
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987:. Magyar Szemle Társaság. p. 344.
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1885:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
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852:. Fordham Univ Press. p. 10.
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1860:Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
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1708:1919 Egyptian revolution
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797:
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767:'s demand for
765:Woodrow Wilson
747:
744:
707:Vörösmarty tér
692:Géza Lukachich
632:
629:
610:Gyula Andrássy
594:personal union
582:Woodrow Wilson
565:
562:
538:Mihály Károlyi
512:
511:
509:
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506:Géza Lukachich
503:
501:Sándor Wekerle
498:
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469:
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457:Mihály Károlyi
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1723:Ruhr uprising
1721:
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1319:Clerk Mission
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1270:
1264:
1261:
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1244:
1241:
1237:(for Austria)
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536:led by Count
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471:Imre Csernyák
470:
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467:József Pogány
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355:Revolutionary
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188:You can help
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112: –
111:
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106:Find sources:
100:
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84:This article
82:
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51:
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1743:March Action
1728:Iraqi Revolt
1692:
1576:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1161:
1151:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1117:Dixon J. C.
1113:
1094:
1088:
1064:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
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1017:. Retrieved
1012:
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653:Oszkár Jászi
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602:
598:István Tisza
591:
587:
579:
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517:
515:
417:
393:
388:Belligerents
353:
305:Part of the
294:
279:
239:edit summary
230:
197:
194:in Hungarian
189:
157:
151:October 2021
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1808:Territories
1519:Lajtabánság
1435:Short-lived
1378:Sudetenland
1294:Pichon Line
773:Béla Linder
740:Nemzetőrség
735:gendarmerie
715:Béla Szántó
703:Gizella Tér
699:János Hadik
684:Buda Castle
657:Ernő Garami
618:homo regius
560:dissolved.
496:János Hadik
367:End of the
199:(June 2013)
1942:Categories
994:9630562707
834:References
676:Budapest's
616:was named
564:Background
486:Charles IV
462:János Hock
371:in Hungary
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1899:Reactions
1541:to Poland
1272:Diplomacy
1132:Sharp A.
1070:Routledge
780:Communist
746:Aftermath
526:Hungarian
257:talk page
56:talk page
1774:Red Week
1762:Protests
1560:to China
1554:to Italy
1545:Bukovina
1532:Cessions
1304:Vix Note
1221:Treaties
1062:(2014).
937:Bulgaria
822:See also
799:Timeline
769:pacifism
357:victory
340:Location
309:and the
233:provide
1915:Related
1671:Revolts
1539:Galicia
1404:Hungary
1361:Austria
1162:veol.hu
925:Germany
794:History
605:Gödöllő
540:in the
534:Hungary
344:Hungary
255:to the
237:in the
196:.
135:scholar
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1101:
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935:, and
931:, the
919:, and
911:, the
909:Russia
903:, the
901:France
883:
856:
631:Events
424:
350:Result
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1172:3 May
1044:4 May
1019:4 May
1013:telex
921:Japan
917:Italy
711:aster
705:(now
554:aster
217:DeepL
142:JSTOR
128:books
1174:2020
1140:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1046:2024
1021:2024
989:ISBN
955:ISBN
881:ISBN
854:ISBN
759:The
669:Pest
516:The
332:Date
231:must
229:You
210:View
114:news
659:'s
520:or
219:or
97:by
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158:(
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149:(
139:·
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62:(
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