2856:
stability and elegance in construction with a continuous flow of energy. Without trying to be pretentious or intentional, his written characters are well-balanced, natural and unconventional. As he was a patriarch of
Confucianism philosophy, it is understandable that his learning permeated in all his writings with due respect for traditional standards. He maintained that while rules had to be observed for each word, there should be room for tolerance, multiplicity and naturalness. In other words, calligraphy had to observe rules and at the same time not be bound by them so as to express the quality of naturalness. It is small wonder that his calligraphy had been highly esteemed throughout the centuries, by great personages as follows:
2722:. Though his manuscripts left to the world are piecemeal and incomplete, and most of his works are lost. Moreover, his fame in the realm of philosophy was so great that even his brilliance in calligraphy was overshadowed. He was skillful in both running and cursive scripts, especially in large characters, but extant artworks consist mainly of short written notes in running script and rarely of large characters. His authentic manuscripts are collected by Nanjing Museum, Beijing Palace Museum, Liaoning Province Museum, Taipei Palace Museum and the National Museum of Tokyo, Japan. Some pieces are in private collections in China and overseas. The
2626:
6554:
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2167:
580:
2730:
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2795:
6566:
724:. and got demoted three years later for attacking the incompetency and corruption of some influential officials. There were several instances of receiving an appointment and subsequently being demoted. Upon dismissal from his last appointment, he was accused of numerous crimes and a petition was made for his execution. Much of this opposition was headed by
6590:
2125:
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2454:); clarity of mind and purity of heart are ideal in Confucian philosophy. In the following poem, "Reflections While Reading - 1" Zhu Xi illustrates this concept by comparing the mind to a mirror, left covered until needed that simply reflects the world around it, staying clear by the flowing waters symbolizing the
2617:. While he appeared to have adopted some ideas from these competing systems of thought, unlike previous Neo-Confucians he strictly abided by the Confucian doctrine of active moral cultivation. He found Buddhist principles to be darkening and deluding the original mind as well as destroying human relations.
59:
2867:
Whilst Master Zhu inherited the orthodox teaching and propagated it to the realm of sages and yet he was also proficient in running and cursive scripts, especially in large characters. His execution of brush was well-poised and elegant. However piecemeal or isolated his manuscripts, they were eagerly
2228:
as the core curriculum for aspiring scholar officials. For all these classics he wrote extensive commentaries that were not widely recognized in his time; however, they later became accepted as the standard commentaries. The Four Books served as the basis of civil service examinations up until 1905,
2919:
Master Zhu was loyal, learned and a great scholar throughout ages . He was superb in calligraphy although he did not write much in his lifetime and hence they were rarely seen in later ages. This roll had been collected by Wong Sze Ma for a long time and of late, it appeared in the world. I chanced
2600:
He lamented more modern printing techniques and the proliferation of books that ensued. This, he believed, made students less appreciative and focused on books, simply because there were more books to read than before. Therefore, he attempted to redefine how students should learn and read. In fact,
2508:
According to Zhu Xi's epistemology, knowledge and action were indivisible components of truly intelligent activity. Although he did distinguish between the priority of knowing, since intelligent action requires forethought, and the importance of action, as it produces a discernible effect, Zhu Xi
639:
Zhu was a scholar with a wide learning in the classics, commentaries, histories and other writings of his predecessors. In his lifetime, he was able to serve multiple times as a government official, although he avoided public office for most of his adult life. He also wrote, compiled and edited
2855:
The calligraphy of Zhu Xi had been acclaimed as acquiring the style of the Han and Wei dynasties. He was skillful in the central tip, and his brush strokes are smooth and round, steady yet flowing in the movements without any trace of frivolity and abruptness. Indeed, his calligraphy possesses
2509:
said "Knowledge and action always require each other. It is like a person who cannot walk without legs although he has eyes, and who cannot see without eyes although he has legs. With respect to order, knowledge comes first, and with respect to importance, action is more important."
2920:
to see it once and whilst I regretted that I did not try to study it extensively until now, in the study room of my friend, I was so lucky to see it again. This showed that I am destined to see the manuscripts of master Zhu. I therefore wrote this preface for my intention.
682:
in 1140, Zhu Xi received instruction from his father at home. Many anecdotes attest that he was a highly precocious child. It was recorded that at age five he ventured to ask what lay beyond Heaven, and by eight he understood the significance of the
Classic of Filiality
2576:
His form of meditation was by nature
Confucian in the sense that it was concerned with morality. His meditation attempted to reason and feel in harmony with the universe. He believed that this type of meditation brought humanity closer together and more into harmony.
2232:
The sources of Zhu Xi's new approach to the
Confucian curriculum have been found in several works of the Cheng brothers. Zhu Xi "codified the Cheng brothers' teachings and reworked them into his own philosophical program," moving "from philology to philosophy."
2527:). How to investigate and what these things are is the source of much debate. To Zhu Xi, the things are moral principles and the investigation involves paying attention to everything in both books and affairs because "moral principles are quite inexhaustible".
2573:). His meditation did not require the cessation of all thinking as in some forms of Buddhism; rather, it was characterised by quiet introspection that helped to balance various aspects of one's personality and allowed for focused thought and concentration.
2379:
is still and silent, operating to reduce all things to equality and indistinguishability. He argued that there is a central harmony that is not static or empty but was dynamic, and that the
Supreme Ultimate is itself in constant creative activity.
687:). As a youth, he was inspired by Mencius' proposition that anyone could become a sage. Upon his father's death in 1143, he studied with his father's friends Hu Xian, Liu Zihui, and Liu Mianzhi. In 1148, at the age of 19, Zhu Xi passed the
2312:
operate together in mutual dependence. They are mutually aspective in all creatures in the universe. These two aspects are manifested in the creation of substantial entities. When their activity is waxing (rapid or expansive), that is the
728:, the Prime Minister, who was a political rival of Zhu's. Even though his teachings had been severely attacked by establishment figures, almost a thousand brave people attended his funeral. After the death of Han Tuozhou, Zhu's successor
2899:
People in the olden days said that there was embedded the bones of loyal subject in the calligraphy of Yan
Zhenqing. Observing the execution of brush strokes by Zhu Xi, I am indeed convinced of the truth of this opinion.
2325:
energy mode. The yang and yin phases constantly interact, each gaining and losing dominance over the other. In the process of the waxing and waning, the alternation of these fundamental vibrations, the so-called
640:
almost a hundred books and corresponded with dozens of other scholars. He acted as a teacher to groups of students, many of whom chose to study under him for years. He built upon the teachings of the
2357:(affairs, matters), though Zhu Xi and his followers strongly argued that they were not copying Buddhist ideas. Instead, they held, they were using concepts already present long before in the
2153:
2633:
From 1313 to 1905, Zhu Xi's commentaries on the Four Books formed the basis of civil service examinations in China. His teachings were to dominate Neo-Confucians such as
2880:
The brush strokes in his calligraphy were swift without attempting at formality, yet none of his strokes and dots were not in conformity with the rules of calligraphy.
678:, where his father worked as the subprefectural sheriff. After his father was forced from office due to his opposition to the government appeasement policy towards the
2597:
Zhu Xi heavily focused his energy on teaching, claiming that learning is the only way to sage-hood. He wished to make the pursuit of sage-hood attainable to all men.
3675:, edited by Anthony Grafton and Glenn W. Most, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 136–163, on Zhu Xi within the context and development of neo-Confucianism
5663:
5451:
2714:
Zhu Xi had, from an early age, followed his father and a number of great calligraphers at the time in practicing calligraphy. At first he learned the style of
5877:
3954:
2601:
disappointed by local schools in China, he established his own academy, White Deer Grotto
Academy, to instruct students properly and in the proper fashion.
6625:
6705:
6635:
6333:
2396:'s idea of innate human goodness. Even if people displayed immoral behaviour, the supreme regulative principle was good. The cause of immoral actions is
5512:
2458:. In Chinese, the mind was sometimes called "the square inch", which is the literal translation of the term alluded to in the beginning of the poem.
6630:
1189:
6445:
2146:
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5651:
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3241:
3205:
5773:
5758:
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5710:
5675:
5646:
6481:
6205:
6144:
6036:
6715:
6680:
6640:
3890:
3876:
6695:
5778:
5542:
2625:
6710:
6675:
6665:
5444:
3609:
3580:
3442:
3125:
3090:
2842:
2139:
6690:
6420:
5768:
5416:
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Zhu Xi's letter (1194) instructing a subordinate official on local government matters after he stepped down as
Administrator of
6685:
6660:
6655:
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4569:
4399:
4070:
1143:
6645:
5500:
3795:
3771:
3752:
2820:
2690:
Zhu Xi's descendants, like those of
Confucius and other notable Confucians, held the hereditary title of Wujing Boshi (五经博士;
500:
276:
703:), which he served from 1153 - 1156. From 1153 he began to study under Li Tong, who followed the Neo-Confucian tradition of
6306:
5604:
5495:
4014:
1026:
898:
714:
In 1179, after not serving in an official capacity since 1156, Zhu Xi was appointed
Prefect of Nankang Military District (
552:
328:
129:
6544:
6720:
6650:
5804:
5473:
5437:
4096:
2201:
2363:
Zhu Xi discussed how he saw the Supreme Ultimate concept to be compatible with principle of Taoism, but his concept of
920:
908:
679:
6700:
6265:
5796:
5792:
5718:
5690:
5469:
3940:
2327:
873:
812:
2805:
2939:
The writings are enticing, delicate, elegant and outstanding. Truly such calligraphy piece is the wonder of nature.
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5680:
5631:
5490:
4084:
4024:
2178:
836:
4395:
2824:
2809:
5552:
4729:
2995:
2990:
2590:
1898:
1621:
1128:
915:
903:
721:
584:
5537:
2229:
and education in the classics often began with Zhu Xi's commentaries as the cornerstone for understanding them.
6128:
5883:
5505:
3510:
740:
3692:
Confucian Cosmogony: A Translation of Section Forty-nine of the Complete Works of the Philosopher Choo-Foo-Tze
1467:
1242:
1111:
3413:
6390:
6159:
5871:
5734:
5567:
5247:
5053:
4877:
4529:
4079:
3169:"The Relationship Between Zhen Dexiu and Neo-Confucianism:under the Background of an Imperial Edict Drafter"
2816:
1758:
2585:
2241:
Zhu Xi maintained that all things are brought into being by the union of two universal aspects of reality:
618:
and fundamentally reshaped the Chinese worldview. His works include his editing of and commentaries to the
5984:
5532:
5382:
5008:
4754:
4590:
3909:
3358:, edited by Anthony Grafton and Glenn W. Most, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 136–163 (136).
754:
708:
663:
356:
3904:
779:
6514:
5753:
5208:
4739:
4367:
4228:
4039:
3668:(2014), a study of how and why Zhu Xi chose Zhou Dunyi to be the first true Confucian Sage since Mencius
2703:
2255:
2218:
2033:
1842:
646:
623:
607:
2729:
2555:
1292:
6620:
6615:
6400:
5889:
5658:
5609:
5367:
4714:
4347:
3434:
2212:
1460:
688:
2166:
6439:
6279:
5668:
5614:
5298:
4544:
4377:
4352:
4233:
4029:
2389:
2284:
1991:
1777:
1663:
1564:
1559:
783:
112:
6375:
5582:
5577:
5235:
4445:
4420:
3963:
3671:
Lianbin Dai, "From Philology to Philosophy: Zhu Xi (1130–1200) as a Reader-Annotator" (2016). In
3038:
2691:
2609:
Zhu Xi wrote what was to become the orthodox Confucian interpretation of a number of concepts in
2271:
1443:
1179:
888:
829:
820:
615:
536:
528:
312:
304:
122:
6415:
5557:
5517:
3595:
2726:, one of Zhu Xi's masterpieces in running-cursive script, is in an overseas private collection.
2003:
1569:
1426:
3168:
626:
in China between 1313 and 1905), his writings on the process of the 'investigation of things' (
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6294:
6289:
6226:
5763:
5587:
5572:
5562:
5401:
5389:
5274:
5228:
5203:
5185:
4460:
4327:
4168:
4050:
3982:
3919:
3791:
3767:
3748:
3620:
3605:
3591:
3576:
3541:
3516:
3489:
3483:
3438:
3237:
3231:
3201:
3142:
3121:
3115:
3096:
3086:
3082:
3075:
2495:
2129:
1928:
1802:
1789:
1401:
1235:
1184:
893:
599:
579:
484:
476:
260:
252:
3195:
2718:, but later specialized in the regular script of Zhong Yao and the running cursive script of
6582:
6365:
6299:
5846:
5814:
5597:
5592:
5357:
5321:
5303:
5292:
4943:
4002:
3997:
2955:
2105:
1885:
1485:
1250:
1135:
1074:
954:
929:
771:
667:
611:
405:
374:
181:
158:
134:
2412:
is the principle that is in everything and governs the universe. Each person has a perfect
6610:
6032:
5619:
5522:
5482:
5309:
5261:
5254:
5241:
5171:
5093:
4034:
3977:
3898:
3867:
3743:
Learning to be a sage: selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, arranged topically
3429:
3354:
Lianbin Dai, "From Philology to Philosophy: Zhu Xi (1130–1200) as a Reader-Annotator." In
1940:
1643:
1611:
1352:
744:
462:
238:
35:
3701:
3310:
3034:
697:). Zhu Xi's first official dispatch position was as Subprefectural Registrar of Tong'an (
446:
222:
3690:
6570:
6352:
6002:
5723:
5685:
5411:
5352:
5023:
4892:
4630:
4390:
3018:
3013:
3004:
2695:
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is not so clearly stated by Zhu Xi, leading some authorities to maintain that he was a
2224:
2206:
2038:
2008:
1914:
1850:
1434:
1104:
641:
349:
342:
76:
4009:
2416:. As such, individuals should act in perfect accordance with morality. However, while
6604:
6431:
6425:
6410:
6232:
6220:
5700:
5695:
5123:
5043:
4749:
4307:
4302:
3741:
3044:
3028:
3024:
2985:
2970:
2884:
2753:
2699:
2679:
2638:
2043:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1814:
1490:
1323:
1148:
1094:
942:
40:
1475:
644:
and others, further developing their metaphysical theories in regards to principle (
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6526:
6405:
6380:
6214:
6165:
6014:
5906:
5861:
5856:
5728:
5460:
5406:
5315:
5286:
5164:
5133:
5128:
5113:
5108:
5038:
4923:
4897:
4827:
4787:
4782:
4774:
4764:
4724:
4694:
4689:
4673:
4668:
4595:
4577:
4559:
4554:
4508:
4143:
4105:
3992:
3987:
2950:
2928:
2908:
2888:
2873:
2860:
2777:
2757:
2719:
2535:
Zhu Xi did believe in the existence of spirits, ghosts, divination, and blessings.
2321:
2315:
1906:
1797:
1713:
1596:
1581:
1497:
1345:
1333:
1216:
1123:
878:
843:
787:
736:, made Zhu's branch of Neo-Confucianism the dominant philosophy at the Song Court.
733:
545:
412:
321:
188:
72:
31:
4948:
3854:
Full translation of Zhu Xi's Zhouyi benyi 周易本義, with Introduction and annotations.
606:, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician of the
3512:
Men of Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907-1911
3291:
Chan 1989: 34. Hui refers to Hui-chou his ancestral place in Anhui, now Jiangxi.
2675:(주자학), where it became an orthodoxy. He also influenced Confucianism in Vietnam.
2428:
obscures our perfect moral nature. The task of moral cultivation is to clear our
6520:
6477:
6370:
6360:
6322:
6311:
6201:
6177:
6051:
6020:
5924:
5851:
5809:
5377:
5362:
5138:
5098:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5018:
4963:
4928:
4918:
4902:
4887:
4817:
4812:
4802:
4734:
4534:
4503:
4470:
4410:
4286:
4281:
4253:
2980:
2904:
2794:
2765:
2761:
2645:
2092:
1982:
1706:
1451:
1369:
1364:
1284:
991:
967:
962:
791:
758:
725:
3915:
2375:
is a differentiating principle that results in the emergence of something new,
6316:
6273:
6171:
6134:
6104:
6098:
6075:
6057:
5966:
5954:
5930:
5118:
5088:
5063:
5048:
5013:
4983:
4953:
4938:
4867:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4650:
4635:
4625:
4605:
4485:
4475:
4362:
4337:
4198:
4193:
4148:
4118:
3048:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2684:
2634:
2544:
2319:
energy mode. When their activity is waning (slow or contractive), that is the
2298:. What is referred to as the human soul, mind, or spirit is understood as the
2013:
1718:
1701:
1684:
1671:
1651:
1515:
1269:
1203:
1172:
1160:
1039:
729:
619:
3871:
2290:
According to Zhu Xi's theory, every physical object and every person has its
6341:
6250:
6195:
6189:
6110:
5978:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5942:
5866:
5829:
5819:
5395:
5328:
5103:
5028:
5003:
4988:
4958:
4933:
4862:
4807:
4719:
4709:
4699:
4684:
4645:
4610:
4585:
4430:
4332:
4243:
4223:
4178:
4133:
4123:
3100:
2683:
magazine ranked Zhu Xi as the forty-fifth most important person in the last
2265:, sometimes translated as rational principle or law). The source and sum of
2191:
2075:
1689:
1410:
1374:
1328:
1279:
1034:
996:
855:
704:
493:
269:
1748:
3924:
2302:, or the supreme creative principle, as it works its way out in a person.
6502:
6490:
6471:
6395:
6284:
6244:
6116:
6092:
6069:
6026:
6008:
5834:
5216:
5192:
5033:
4998:
4968:
4872:
4842:
4822:
4797:
4792:
4744:
4615:
4549:
4455:
4415:
4317:
4297:
4238:
4203:
4113:
3848:
The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change
3590:(Tezukayama daigaku ronshū), Nara, Japan, no. 15, 1977, pp. 13–18.
3233:
Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960–1368)
3000:
2769:
2614:
2346:
2018:
1970:
1877:
1763:
1696:
1656:
1533:
1520:
1480:
1357:
1014:
588:
514:
426:
290:
202:
602:; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized
6508:
6496:
6385:
6140:
5918:
5912:
5839:
5824:
5547:
5527:
4993:
4978:
4837:
4704:
4620:
4600:
4490:
4480:
4465:
4450:
4435:
4425:
4372:
4357:
4268:
4213:
4183:
4158:
4153:
4128:
4065:
4057:
3826:
Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi)
2924:
2773:
2715:
2644:
His philosophy survived the Intellectual Revolution of 1917, and later
2549:
2393:
2196:
2067:
1965:
1828:
1753:
1631:
1626:
1586:
1551:
1384:
1318:
1309:
1301:
1259:
1155:
1082:
1067:
860:
671:
636:), and his development of meditation as a method for self-cultivation.
17:
5429:
3812:
Introduction to the study of the classic of change (I-hsüeh ch'i-meng)
3673:
Canonical Texts and Scholarly Practices: A Global Comparative Approach
3666:
Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi
3661:(1988), an analysis of the concept of human nature in Zhu Xi's thought
3356:
Canonical Texts and Scholarly Practices: A Global Comparative Approach
3147:(Summer 2017 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2253:, sometimes translated as vital – or physical, material – force); and
6122:
6045:
5996:
5990:
5936:
5372:
5280:
5058:
4882:
4832:
4640:
4539:
4524:
4440:
4342:
4322:
4312:
4258:
4208:
4044:
4019:
3932:
3719:
Chu Hsi and Ta-hsueh: Neo-Confucian Reflection on the Confucian Canon
3117:
The Essential Analects: Selected Passages with Traditional Commentary
2610:
2280:
2060:
2056:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1616:
1591:
1546:
1502:
1393:
1340:
1196:
1116:
1099:
1046:
1019:
974:
937:
883:
693:
675:
654:). His followers recorded thousands of his conversations in writing.
3414:"Varieties of Spiritual Experience: Shen in Neo-Confucian Discourse"
3257:
2444:"Heart" and "mind" are both expressed in Chinese with the same word
6183:
6153:
5335:
4973:
4759:
4519:
4218:
4173:
4163:
4138:
3345:
Red Pine, Poems of the Masters, Copper Canyon Press, 2003, p. 164.
2664:
2584:
2436:
is clear and balanced, then we will act in a perfectly moral way.
2190:
During the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's teachings were considered to be
2165:
2110:
2028:
1977:
1833:
1819:
1807:
1601:
1576:
1418:
1264:
1167:
1087:
986:
578:
58:
2330:
evolve (fire, water, wood, metal, and earth). Zhu Xi argues that
354:
6238:
5268:
5178:
4263:
4188:
3885:
3009:
2023:
1636:
1606:
1274:
1054:
775:
761:
5433:
3936:
3684:
All translations are of excerpts except where otherwise noted.
27:
Chinese historian, philosopher, poet and politician (1130–1200)
5158:
3647:(1981), on the development of Zhu Xi's thought after his death
3645:
Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy and the Learning of the Mind-and-Heart
3629:
Gedalecia, D (1974). "Excursion Into Substance and Function."
3175:. Journal of Peking University (philosophy of Social Sciences)
2788:
2460:
1009:
557:
333:
3638:
Utilitarian Confucianism: Ch‘en Liang's Challenge to Chu Hsi
2294:
and therefore has contact in its metaphysical core with the
5222:
2243:
1221:
770:). In 1241, a memorial tablet to Zhu Xi was placed in the
651:
3832:
Full translation of Zhu Xi's commentaries on Zhou Dunyi's
3194:
Rodney Leon Taylor; Howard Yuen Fung Choy (January 2005).
2513:
The investigation of things and the extension of knowledge
753:), meaning "Venerable gentleman of culture". Around 1228,
533:
519:
505:
309:
295:
281:
3586:
Bruce E. Carpenter. 'Chu Hsi and the Art of Reading' in
2641:
and the School of Mind two and a half centuries later.
3367:
Zhu Xi 1986, Zhuzi yulei, Beijing; Zhonghua Shuju, p.1
3311:"World Architecture Images- Beijing- Confucius Temple"
2629:
Zhu Xi's Memorial Temple at Huishan ancient town, Wuxi
100:
Calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, politician
6542:
2581:
On teaching, learning, and the creation of an academy
2200:
like other Neo-Confucians, he chose to emphasize the
481:
467:
451:
431:
417:
257:
243:
227:
207:
193:
3905:
Zhu Xi's large-character calligraphy from the Yijing
3575:, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990.
6464:
6332:
6264:
6085:
5899:
5791:
5744:
5709:
5639:
5468:
5345:
5151:
4911:
4773:
4664:
4568:
4499:
4386:
4277:
4104:
4095:
3970:
3081:(2nd ed.). New York: The Free Press. pp.
2749:
102 characters by Zhu Xi in running cursive scripts
2694:; Wǔjīng Bóshì), which translated means Erudite or
2671:(朱子学, School of Master Zhu), and in Korea known as
2400:. Zhu Xi's metaphysics is that everything contains
551:
544:
527:
513:
499:
492:
475:
461:
445:
425:
411:
404:
399:
387:
373:
368:
348:
341:
327:
320:
303:
289:
275:
268:
251:
237:
221:
201:
187:
180:
175:
157:
152:
128:
118:
108:
96:
84:
65:
49:
3740:
3074:
3538:A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China
3329:
3327:
3197:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Confucianism: A-M
3141:Thompson, Kirill (2017). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
3482:H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013).
2593:for reappointment to teach at the imperial court
2237:Vital force, principle, and the Supreme Ultimate
794:and Chinese often refer to him as Zhu Wen Gong (
3790:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
3515:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 132.
3021:, Japanese follower of the philosophy of Zhu Xi
2637:, though dissenters would later emerge such as
2517:Zhu Xi advocated the investigation of things (
2275:, meaning the Supreme Ultimate. The source of
743:rehabilitated Zhu Xi and honored him with the
5445:
3948:
3814:. Provo, Utah: Global Scholarly Publications.
3012:or Yulgok, A Korean Confucian scholar of the
3003:or Toegye, A Korean Confucian scholar of the
2564:
2449:
2260:
2248:
2147:
795:
765:
748:
715:
698:
379:
163:
8:
5878:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
3714:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
782:. Today, Zhu Xi is venerated as one of the "
610:. Zhu was influential in the development of
3485:Present Day Political Organization of China
3236:. Cambridge University Press. p. 183.
2823:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
711:, and formally became his student in 1160.
6461:
5896:
5706:
5452:
5438:
5430:
4101:
3955:
3941:
3933:
3695:. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission.
3341:
3339:
3200:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 53.
2553:similar to, but not the same as, Buddhist
2481:Where sunlight and clouds linger and leave
2154:
2140:
807:
622:(which later formed the curriculum of the
396:
172:
57:
46:
2843:Learn how and when to remove this message
3540:. Peking University Press. p. 569.
2728:
2624:
2388:Zhu Xi considered the earlier Confucian
2367:was different from the understanding of
6549:
3766:. Lanham: University Press of America.
3659:Images of Human Nature: A Sung Portrait
3144:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3062:
2859:Tao Chung Yi (around 1329～1412) of the
2605:Taoist and Buddhist influence on Zhu Xi
2485:it said spring water keeps flowing in.
2479:A small square pond an uncovered mirror
819:
6446:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
6371:Endless power transmitting chain drive
3927:Classified Conversations of Master Zhu
3850:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3729:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2334:existed even before Heaven and Earth.
739:In 1208, eight years after his death,
598:
535:
483:
311:
259:
3764:Further reflections on things at hand
3619:. University of Hawaii Press: 1989.
3568:, Probsthain & Co., London, 1922.
2345:, Zhu Xi's system strongly resembles
2283:and others to maintain that he was a
7:
3068:
3066:
2821:adding citations to reliable sources
3891:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3877:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3712:A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy
2392:to be a heretic for departing from
662:Zhu Xi, whose family originated in
6626:12th-century Chinese calligraphers
3899:Zhu Xi and his Calligraphy Gallery
3654:(1986), a set of conference papers
3536:Charles O. Hucker (1 April 2008).
3077:Chinese civilization: a sourcebook
2872:Wang Sai Ching (1526–1590) of the
2702:and enjoyed the rank of 8a in the
2648:would interpret his conception of
1190:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
25:
6706:Song dynasty government officials
6636:12th-century Chinese philosophers
3747:. Berkeley: U. California Press.
3258:"Writings of the Orthodox School"
2543:Zhu Xi practiced a form of daily
6588:
6576:
6564:
6552:
5630:
3472:, section 138 in Chan 1963: 647.
3460:, section 147 in Chan 1963: 653.
3230:Bettine Birge (7 January 2002).
3073:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1993).
2793:
2660:into a new metaphysical theory.
2123:
757:honored him with the posthumous
691:and became a presented scholar (
6631:12th-century Chinese historians
3403:, section 27 in Chan 1963: 610.
3391:, section 26 in Chan 1963: 609.
3379:, section 20 in Chan 1963: 609.
2742:contains three separate parts:
558:
534:
520:
506:
355:
334:
310:
296:
282:
5872:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
3703:The philosophy of human nature
3041:academician/scholar/bureaucrat
2523:
2194:. Rather than focusing on the
632:
482:
468:
452:
433:
432:
418:
380:
258:
244:
228:
209:
208:
194:
164:
1:
6307:Southern Song dynasty coinage
3886:"Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi, 1130—1200)"
3727:Reflections On Things at Hand
3470:The Complete Works of Chu Hsi
3458:The Complete Works of Chu Hsi
3401:The Complete Works of Chu Hsi
3389:The Complete Works of Chu Hsi
3377:The Complete Works of Chu Hsi
3120:. Hackett. pp. 148–149.
2483:I asked how it stays so clear
2420:is the underlying structure,
2174:
899:Unity of knowledge and action
3652:Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism
3588:Tezukayama University Review
3114:Slingerland, Edward (2006).
2868:sought after and treasured.
2424:is also part of everything.
614:. He contributed greatly to
5719:Department of State Affairs
3818:A full translation of 易學啟蒙.
3780:A full translation of 續近思錄.
3739:Gardner, Daniel K. (1990).
3689:McClatchie, Thomas (1874).
3313:. Chinese-architecture.info
3051:writer/botanist/philosopher
2663:He was also influential in
916:Theory of Evil Human Nature
904:Theory of Good Human Nature
778:, thereby elevating him to
6737:
6716:12th-century Confucianists
6681:Song dynasty calligraphers
6641:12th-century Chinese poets
5681:Bureau of Military Affairs
4085:Hundred Schools of Thought
3762:Wittenborn, Allen (1991).
3733:A full translation of 近思錄.
3488:. Routledge. p. 494.
2931:in his postscript for the
2911:in his postscript for the
2891:in his postscript for the
2179:Philadelphia Museum of Art
837:Hundred Schools of Thought
29:
6696:Song dynasty philosophers
5628:
5553:Alliance Conducted at Sea
5543:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
3846:Adler, Joseph A. (2020).
3824:Adler, Joseph A. (2014).
3810:Adler, Joseph A. (2002).
3804:A full translation of 家禮.
3602:Chu Hsi: Life and Thought
3427:Pavlac, Brian A. (2005).
2996:Classical Chinese writers
2991:White Deer Grotto Academy
2565:
2518:
2450:
2261:
2249:
2170:As depicted in the album
1129:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
796:
766:
749:
722:White Deer Grotto Academy
716:
699:
627:
585:White Deer Grotto Academy
573:
569:
395:
171:
148:
144:
140:
104:
56:
6711:Song dynasty classicists
6676:Politicians from Sanming
6666:Philosophers from Fujian
5884:Four Great Books of Song
3788:Chu Hsi's family rituals
3786:Ebrey, Patricia (1991).
3725:Chan, Wing-tsit (1967).
3721:. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
3717:Gardner, Daniel (1986).
3700:Bruce, J. Percy (1922).
3636:Hoyt Cleveland Tillman,
3631:Philosophy East and West
3057:Footnotes and references
3027:, Seika's student &
2933:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2913:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2893:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2740:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2734:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2724:Thatched Hut Hand Scroll
2464:
741:Emperor Ningzong of Song
583:Statue of Zhu Xi at the
369:Alternative Chinese name
6691:Song dynasty historians
5735:Secretariat-Chancellery
4080:Nine Schools of Thought
3710:Wing-tsit Chan (1963),
3566:Chu Hsi and His Masters
3509:Chang Woei Ong (2008).
2172:Portraits of Famous Men
800:) in lieu of his name.
674:province), was born in
79:, Southern Song dynasty
6686:Song dynasty essayists
6661:Neo-Confucian scholars
6656:Historians from Fujian
6366:Early Bessemer process
6334:Science and technology
5533:Nong Zhigao rebellions
5383:State consequentialism
3910:Chu Hsi and Divination
3901:at China Online Museum
3650:Wing-tsit Chan (ed.),
3643:Wm. Theodore de Bary,
2941:
2922:
2902:
2882:
2870:
2736:
2630:
2594:
2477:
2182:
755:Emperor Lizong of Song
591:
6646:Chinese Confucianists
5754:Ministry of Personnel
5659:Imperial examinations
4400:Northern and Southern
3828:. Albany: SUNY Press.
3706:. London: Probsthain.
3573:Learning To Be a Sage
3264:. Library of Congress
3262:World Digital Library
2937:
2917:
2897:
2878:
2865:
2732:
2704:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
2628:
2588:
2219:Analects of Confucius
2169:
2130:Philosophy portal
1843:Japanese Confucianism
1112:East Asian Mādhyamaka
1061:Military and Strategy
624:imperial examinations
608:Southern Song dynasty
582:
5890:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
5664:Administrative units
5538:Song–Tibet relations
5513:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
3617:Chu Hsi: New Studies
3437:. pp. 491–492.
2817:improve this section
2504:Knowledge and action
2285:metaphysical dualist
2213:Doctrine of the Mean
2177:1900, housed in the
720:), where he revived
689:Imperial Examination
6721:Writers from Fujian
6651:Critics of Buddhism
6440:Forensic entomology
6401:Watertight bulkhead
6280:Joint-stock company
5774:Ministry of Justice
5759:Ministry of Revenue
5669:Sixteen Prefectures
4030:School of Diplomacy
3571:Daniel K. Gardner.
2776:(1514～1587) of the
2752:The postscripts by
2281:metaphysical monist
1992:Korean Confucianism
1468:Nāstika (heterodox)
784:Twelve Philosophers
780:Confucian sainthood
650:) and vital force (
113:Medieval philosophy
6701:Song dynasty poets
6376:Astronomical clock
5583:Treaty of Shaoxing
3964:Chinese philosophy
3925:First part of the
3633:. vol. 4, 443–451.
3157:Gardner, pp. 3 - 6
3039:Tokugawa shogunate
3031:political theorist
2737:
2631:
2595:
2183:
1444:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1180:Four Tenets system
821:Eastern philosophy
616:Chinese philosophy
592:
123:Chinese philosophy
6671:Poets from Fujian
6540:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6455:Dream Pool Essays
6347:Gunpowder weapons
6260:
6259:
5787:
5786:
5779:Ministry of Works
5764:Ministry of Rites
5711:Three Departments
5548:Fang La rebellion
5528:Wang Ze rebellion
5427:
5426:
5275:Mandate of Heaven
5147:
5146:
3920:Project Gutenberg
3912:- Joseph A. Adler
3664:Joseph A. Adler,
3657:Donald J. Munro,
3625:978-0-8248-1201-0
3564:J. Percy Bruce.
3547:978-7-301-13487-0
3522:978-0-674-03170-8
3495:978-1-135-79795-9
3433:. Passadena, CA:
3243:978-1-139-43107-1
3207:978-0-8239-4080-6
2853:
2852:
2845:
2785:Calligraphy style
2501:
2500:
2371:in Daoism. Where
2164:
2163:
1790:Japanese Buddhism
1759:Pratītyasamutpāda
1243:Āstika (orthodox)
1185:Rangtong-Shentong
577:
576:
565:
564:
501:Yale Romanization
406:Standard Mandarin
364:
363:
277:Yale Romanization
182:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
6728:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6548:
6486:
6483:
6462:
6210:
6209: 1174–1189
6207:
6149:
6148: 1050–1080
6146:
6041:
6040: 1111–1117
6038:
5897:
5847:Longquan celadon
5815:Five Great Kilns
5707:
5634:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5431:
5304:Self-cultivation
5209:Neo-Confucianism
4944:Chung-ying Cheng
4102:
4003:New Confucianism
3998:Neo-Confucianism
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3895:
3881:
3868:Zalta, Edward N.
3851:
3829:
3815:
3801:
3777:
3758:
3746:
3730:
3707:
3696:
3615:Wing-tsit Chan,
3600:Wing-tsit Chan,
3552:
3551:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3334:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3300:Gardner 1989: 9.
3298:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3080:
3070:
2956:Neo-Confucianism
2848:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2797:
2789:
2772:(1470～1523) and
2571:chʻan-ting
2568:
2567:
2525:
2520:
2494:—translation by
2461:
2453:
2452:
2353:(principle) and
2264:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2176:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2106:Minjung theology
1886:Motoori Norinaga
1565:Ātman (Buddhism)
1560:Ātman (Hinduism)
1486:Kashmir Shaivism
1251:Vedic philosophy
1136:Tibetan Buddhism
955:New Confucianism
930:Neo Confucianism
924:
912:
808:
799:
798:
772:Confucian Temple
769:
768:
764:of (State) Hui (
752:
751:
732:, together with
719:
718:
702:
701:
634:
629:
612:Neo-Confucianism
601:
561:
560:
540:
539:
538:
523:
522:
509:
508:
488:
487:
486:
471:
470:
457:
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440:
439:
437:
421:
420:
397:
383:
382:
360:
359:
358:
337:
336:
316:
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314:
299:
298:
285:
284:
264:
263:
262:
247:
246:
233:
232:
231:
217:
216:
215:
213:
197:
196:
173:
167:
166:
135:Neo-Confucianism
91:
69:October 18, 1130
61:
47:
21:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6587:
6577:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6543:
6541:
6532:
6484:
6460:
6416:Horner's method
6328:
6256:
6208:
6160:Emperor Huizong
6147:
6081:
6039:
5895:
5783:
5769:Ministry of War
5740:
5705:
5635:
5626:
5605:Mongol conquest
5523:Chanyuan Treaty
5483:Chenqiao mutiny
5464:
5458:
5428:
5423:
5341:
5242:Three teachings
5143:
5094:Tsang Lap Chuen
4907:
4769:
4678:
4660:
4576:
4572:
4564:
4513:
4495:
4404:
4398:
4382:
4291:
4273:
4091:
4089:
4035:School of Names
3978:Agriculturalism
3966:
3961:
3916:Works by Zhu Xi
3884:
3866:
3863:
3845:
3823:
3809:
3798:
3785:
3774:
3761:
3755:
3738:
3724:
3699:
3688:
3682:
3561:
3559:Further reading
3556:
3555:
3548:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3435:Salem Press Inc
3430:The Middle Ages
3426:
3425:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3333:Chan 1963: 589.
3332:
3325:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3220:Chan 1963: 588.
3219:
3215:
3208:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3093:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
2946:
2849:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2814:
2798:
2787:
2756:(1236～1283) of
2712:
2623:
2607:
2583:
2541:
2533:
2515:
2506:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2442:
2386:
2239:
2188:
2160:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2101:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2052:
1999:
1995:
1944:
1941:Korean Buddhism
1937:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1881:
1846:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1729:
1680:
1667:
1647:
1570:Ātman (Jainism)
1542:
1529:
1511:
1471:
1456:
1439:
1406:
1389:
1353:Sri Vaishnavism
1314:
1297:
1255:
1246:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1212:
1139:
1078:
1063:
1050:
1030:
1005:
982:
978:
958:
933:
918:
906:
869:
851:
847:
840:
832:
806:
745:posthumous name
660:
587:at the foot of
463:Tongyong Pinyin
453:
435:
388:Literal meaning
239:Tongyong Pinyin
229:
211:
89:
80:
70:
52:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6597:
6585:
6573:
6561:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6485: 10th c.
6475:
6468:
6466:
6459:
6458:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6428:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:Wujing Zongyao
6349:
6338:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6199:
6193:
6187:
6181:
6175:
6169:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6138:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6030:
6024:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6003:Huang Tingjian
6000:
5994:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5903:
5901:
5894:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5746:Six Ministries
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Qingli Reforms
5683:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5506:Gaoliang River
5503:
5498:
5493:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5466:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5412:Metaphilosophy
5409:
5404:
5399:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5289:
5284:
5277:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5024:Lee Shui-chuen
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4893:Zhang Xuecheng
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:Wang Chongyang
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4570:Five Dynasties
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4391:Three Kingdoms
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3922:
3913:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3882:
3862:
3861:External links
3859:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3796:
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3782:
3781:
3772:
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3735:
3734:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3697:
3681:
3678:
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3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
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3627:
3613:
3598:
3584:
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3554:
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3546:
3528:
3521:
3501:
3494:
3474:
3462:
3450:
3443:
3419:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3360:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3282:Chan 1989: 34.
3275:
3249:
3242:
3222:
3213:
3206:
3186:
3159:
3150:
3133:
3126:
3106:
3091:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3019:Fujiwara Seika
3016:
3014:Joseon Dynasty
3007:
3005:Joseon Dynasty
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
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2603:
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2579:
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2537:
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2529:
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2511:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2475:
2441:
2438:
2385:
2382:
2238:
2235:
2207:Great Learning
2187:
2186:The Four Books
2184:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2082:Modern Thought
2079:
2078:
2064:
2063:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:Jeong Yak-yong
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Seo Gyeongdeok
2006:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:Kitaro Nishida
1892:Modern Thought
1889:
1888:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1851:Fujiwara Seika
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1675:
1674:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1540:General topics
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1464:
1463:
1447:
1446:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1413:
1397:
1396:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1210:General topics
1207:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:Guifeng Zongmi
1102:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
971:
970:
965:
951:
950:
945:
940:
926:
925:
913:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
864:
863:
858:
834:
833:
828:
827:
824:
823:
817:
816:
805:
802:
659:
656:
642:Cheng brothers
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
555:
549:
548:
542:
541:
531:
525:
524:
517:
511:
510:
503:
497:
496:
494:Yue: Cantonese
490:
489:
479:
473:
472:
465:
459:
458:
449:
443:
442:
429:
423:
422:
415:
409:
408:
402:
401:
400:Transcriptions
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
377:
371:
370:
366:
365:
362:
361:
352:
350:Middle Chinese
346:
345:
343:Middle Chinese
339:
338:
331:
325:
324:
318:
317:
307:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
279:
273:
272:
270:Yue: Cantonese
266:
265:
255:
249:
248:
241:
235:
234:
225:
219:
218:
205:
199:
198:
191:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:Transcriptions
169:
168:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
92:(aged 69)
88:April 23, 1200
86:
82:
81:
77:Fujian Circuit
71:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6733:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6596:
6586:
6584:
6574:
6572:
6562:
6560:
6550:
6546:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6432:Yingzao Fashi
6429:
6427:
6426:Liaodi Pagoda
6424:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:Tianchi basin
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6233:Zhao Mengjian
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6221:Wuzhun Shifan
6219:
6216:
6213:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5701:Three Bureaus
5699:
5697:
5696:Baojia system
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Huangtiandang
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5558:Jin–Song Wars
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5518:Song–Xia wars
5516:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5501:Southern Tang
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Zhang Dongsun
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5044:Liang Shuming
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Wang Yangming
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:Dongfang Shuo
4306:
4304:
4303:Dong Zhongshu
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:0-312-13470-3
3607:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:0-520-06525-5
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3444:1-58765-168-8
3440:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3127:1-603-84346-9
3123:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3092:0-029-08752-X
3088:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3045:Kaibara Ekken
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3025:Hayashi Razan
3023:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Yuelu Academy
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:Wang Yangming
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2885:Wen Tianxiang
2881:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2844:
2836:
2833:February 2024
2826:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2802:This section
2800:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:(1460–1526),
2767:
2764:(1375～1402),
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:Wen Tianxiang
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:Five Classics
2697:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2639:Wang Yangming
2636:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2569:; Wade–Giles
2562:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2512:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:five elements
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:Kim Jeong-hui
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Hayashi Razan
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:Rinzai school
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:Abhinavagupta
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:Sakya Pandita
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:Huayan school
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
981:
977:
976:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
957:
956:
949:
946:
944:
943:Wang Yangming
941:
939:
936:
935:
934:
932:
931:
922:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
852:
850:
846:
845:
839:
838:
831:
826:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:
803:
801:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
760:
756:
747:of Wen Gong (
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
712:
710:
706:
696:
695:
690:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Wuyuan County
657:
655:
653:
649:
648:
643:
637:
635:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
590:
586:
581:
572:
568:
556:
554:
550:
547:
543:
537:
532:
530:
526:
518:
516:
512:
504:
502:
498:
495:
491:
485:
480:
478:
474:
466:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
430:
428:
424:
416:
414:
410:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
372:
367:
353:
351:
347:
344:
340:
332:
330:
326:
323:
319:
313:
308:
306:
302:
294:
292:
288:
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
261:
256:
254:
250:
242:
240:
236:
226:
224:
220:
206:
204:
200:
192:
190:
186:
183:
179:
174:
170:
162:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
97:Occupation(s)
95:
87:
83:
78:
74:
68:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6527:Guo Shoujing
6453:
6444:
6430:
6421:Architecture
6406:Fishing reel
6381:Movable type
6351:
6321:
6215:Zhou Jichang
6166:Zhang Zeduan
6063:
6015:Zhou Bangyan
5907:Fan Zhongyan
5888:
5876:
5862:Yaozhou ware
5857:Qingbai ware
5691:New Policies
5496:Southern Han
5487:Unification
5461:Song dynasty
5407:Epistemology
5394:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5316:Yin and yang
5308:
5299:Human nature
5291:
5287:Filial piety
5279:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5234:
5227:
5215:
5204:Confucianism
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5134:Zhou Guoping
5129:Zhang Shenfu
5114:Yin Haiguang
5109:Yang Changji
5054:Liu Xiaofeng
5039:Liang Qichao
4924:Carsun Chang
4912:20th century
4898:Zhuang Cunyu
4828:Hong Liangji
4788:Chen Menglei
4783:Chen Hongmou
4765:Zhan Ruoshui
4725:Liu Zongzhou
4695:Hong Zicheng
4690:Huang Zongxi
4655:
4596:Fan Zhongyan
4574:Ten Kingdoms
4560:Linji Yixuan
4555:Liu Zongyuan
4144:Gongsun Long
4106:Eastern Zhou
4097:Philosophers
4075:
4071:Mixed School
4056:
4049:
3993:Han learning
3988:Confucianism
3926:
3889:
3875:
3847:
3837:
3834:Taijitu shuo
3833:
3825:
3811:
3787:
3763:
3742:
3726:
3718:
3711:
3702:
3691:
3683:
3680:Translations
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3616:
3601:
3587:
3572:
3565:
3537:
3531:
3511:
3504:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3428:
3422:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3315:. Retrieved
3305:
3296:
3287:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3196:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3172:
3167:Xu, Haoran.
3162:
3153:
3143:
3136:
3116:
3109:
3076:
3035:Hayashi Gahō
2951:Confucianism
2938:
2932:
2929:Ming dynasty
2923:
2918:
2912:
2909:Ming dynasty
2903:
2898:
2892:
2889:Song dynasty
2883:
2879:
2874:Ming dynasty
2871:
2866:
2861:Ming dynasty
2858:
2854:
2839:
2830:
2815:Please help
2803:
2778:Ming dynasty
2758:Song dynasty
2739:
2738:
2733:
2723:
2720:Yan Zhenqing
2713:
2689:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2632:
2608:
2599:
2596:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2522:
2516:
2507:
2478:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2384:Human nature
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2337:In terms of
2336:
2331:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2195:
2189:
2171:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2066:
2065:
2049:
2048:
2004:Chŏng To-jŏn
1996:
1990:
1989:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1907:Kyoto School
1905:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1875:
1841:
1840:
1798:Japanese Zen
1788:
1787:
1783:
1726:
1725:
1714:Indian logic
1677:
1676:
1662:
1661:
1642:
1641:
1597:Indian logic
1582:Anekantavada
1539:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1508:
1507:
1498:Pratyabhijna
1466:
1465:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1346:Madhvacharya
1334:Adi Shankara
1308:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1194:
1134:
1133:
1124:Chinese Chan
1075:Han Buddhism
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1002:
1001:
979:
973:
972:
953:
952:
947:
928:
927:
879:Filial piety
866:
865:
848:
844:Confucianism
842:
841:
835:
788:Confucianism
738:
734:Wei Liaoweng
713:
692:
684:
661:
645:
638:
631:
603:
594:
593:
546:Southern Min
413:Hanyu Pinyin
391:"Master Zhu"
322:Southern Min
189:Hanyu Pinyin
153:Chinese name
90:(1200-04-23)
39:
32:Chinese name
6621:1200 deaths
6616:1130 births
6529:(1231–1316)
6523:(1202–1261)
6521:Qin Jiushao
6517:(1192-1279)
6511:(1186–1249)
6505:(1031–1095)
6499:(1020–1101)
6493:(1010–1070)
6478:Zhang Sixun
6323:Zhu Fan Zhi
6312:Champa rice
6276:(1021–1086)
6253:(1235–1305)
6247:(1222–1307)
6241:(1210–1269)
6235:(1199–1295)
6229:(1190–1230)
6223:(1178–1249)
6202:Lin Tinggui
6198:(1140–1210)
6192:(1120–1182)
6186:(1100–1197)
6180:(1096–1119)
6178:Wang Ximeng
6174:(1094-1172)
6168:(1085–1145)
6162:(1082–1135)
6156:(1051–1107)
6137:(1049–1106)
6131:(1036–1093)
6125:(1020–1090)
6119:(1019–1079)
6113:(1000–1064)
6078:(1170–1231)
6072:(1140–1207)
6066:(1130–1200)
6060:(1127–1206)
6054:(1126–1193)
6052:Fan Chengda
6048:(1125–1209)
6029:(1085–1144)
6023:(1084–1155)
6021:Li Qingzhao
6017:(1056–1121)
6011:(1047–1126)
6005:(1045–1105)
5999:(1039–1112)
5993:(1037–1101)
5987:(1033–1107)
5981:(1032–1085)
5975:(1022–1077)
5969:(1019–1086)
5963:(1019–1083)
5957:(1017–1073)
5951:(1012–1067)
5945:(1011–1077)
5939:(1009–1066)
5933:(1007–1072)
5927:(1002–1060)
5925:Mei Yaochen
5852:Cizhou ware
5729:Chancellery
5724:Secretariat
5652:Family tree
5610:Diaoyucheng
5378:Role ethics
5363:Metaphysics
5139:Zhou Zuoren
5099:Xiong Shili
5084:Tang Chun-i
5079:Sun Yat-sen
5074:Qiu Renzong
5069:Mou Zongsan
5019:Kang Youwei
4964:Feng Youlan
4929:P. C. Chang
4919:Cai Yuanpei
4903:Zeng Guofan
4888:Yu Zhengxie
4818:Gong Zizhen
4813:Feng Guifen
4803:Fang Lanfen
4735:Qian Dehong
4535:Zhang Zhihe
4471:Xiahou Xuan
4411:Bao Jingyan
4254:Zhuang Zhou
3836:(太極圖說) and
2981:Feng Youlan
2935:by Zhu Xi:
2915:by Zhu Xi:
2905:Zhu Yunming
2895:by Zhu Xi:
2766:Zhu Yunming
2762:Fang Xiaoru
2710:Calligraphy
2646:Feng Youlan
2524:gewu zhizhi
2093:Jaegwon Kim
1803:Sōtō school
1707:Dharmakirti
1452:Vaisheshika
1435:Navya-Nyāya
1370:Vivekananda
1365:Neo-Vedanta
1285:Yajnavalkya
968:Mou Zongsan
963:Xiong Shili
919: [
907: [
792:Sinologists
759:noble title
726:Han Tuozhou
670:(in modern
36:family name
6605:Categories
6595:Philosophy
6474:(972–1051)
6391:Pound lock
6317:Nanhai One
6274:Wang Anshi
6172:Su Hanchen
6135:Li Gonglin
6105:Zhao Chang
6101:(970–1053)
6099:Xu Daoning
6095:(960–1030)
6076:Zhao Rukuo
6058:Yang Wanli
5967:Sima Guang
5955:Zhou Dunyi
5931:Ouyang Xiu
5921:(998–1061)
5915:(991–1055)
5909:(989–1052)
5640:Government
5417:Legitimacy
5119:Yu Dunkang
5089:Tang Yijie
5064:Mao Zedong
5049:Lin Yutang
5014:Jin Yuelin
5009:Jiang Qing
4984:He Guanghu
4954:Chu Anping
4939:Chen Duxiu
4868:Wang Fuzhi
4858:Tan Sitong
4853:Pan Pingge
4848:Liu Yiming
4730:Luo Rufang
4651:Zhou Dunyi
4636:Wang Chuyi
4626:Wang Anshi
4606:Lu Jiuyuan
4486:Yan Zhitui
4476:Xie Daoyun
4378:Yang Xiong
4363:Wang Chong
4338:Kong Anguo
4199:Shen Buhai
4194:Shang Yang
4149:Guan Zhong
4119:Chunyu Kun
4040:Naturalism
3797:0691031495
3773:0819183725
3754:0520909046
3317:2013-04-22
3268:11 January
3179:11 January
3049:Edo period
2976:Wang Fuzhi
2966:Lu Jiuyuan
2961:Zhou Dunyi
2685:millennium
2669:Shushigaku
2635:Wang Fuzhi
2545:meditation
2539:Meditation
2440:Heart/mind
2222:, and the
2202:Four Books
2192:unorthodox
2014:Yi Eonjeok
1935:Traditions
1871:Ogyū Sorai
1866:Itō Jinsai
1861:Nakae Tōju
1784:Traditions
1702:Vasubandhu
1685:Madhyamika
1678:Traditions
1672:The Buddha
1652:Haribhadra
1622:Nondualism
1324:Badarayana
1270:Ashtavakra
1173:Tsongkhapa
1161:Longchenpa
1040:Shang Yang
790:. Modern
730:Zhen Dexiu
620:Four Books
447:Wade–Giles
223:Wade–Giles
6583:Biography
6465:Inventors
6342:Gunpowder
6251:Qian Xuan
6217:(12th c.)
6196:Liang Kai
6190:Zhao Boju
6129:Wang Shen
6111:Yi Yuanji
6107:(10th c.)
5979:Cheng Hao
5973:Zhang Zai
5961:Zeng Gong
5949:Cai Xiang
5943:Shao Yong
5867:Jian ware
5830:Guan ware
5820:Ding ware
5615:Xiangyang
5491:Later Shu
5396:Shan shui
5329:Zhengming
5104:Xu Fuguan
5029:Li Shicen
5004:Ray Huang
4989:Hu Qiaomu
4959:Fang Keli
4949:Ch'ien Mu
4934:Chen Daqi
4863:Tang Zhen
4808:Fang Quan
4720:Liu Bowen
4710:Lai Zhide
4700:Jiao Hong
4685:Chen Jiru
4646:Zhang Zai
4611:Shao Yong
4586:Cheng Hao
4530:Wang Tong
4431:Guo Xiang
4353:Liu Xiang
4333:Jing Fang
4244:Yuan Xian
4224:Ximen Bao
4179:Lie Yukou
4134:Duanmu Ci
4124:Confucius
4010:Huang–Lao
3604:(1987).
3596:0385-7743
2804:does not
2667:known as
2561:chan ding
2472:為有源頭活水來。
2349:ideas of
2076:Choe Je-u
2034:Bak Jiwon
1764:Emptiness
1690:Nagarjuna
1411:Patanjali
1375:Aurobindo
1329:Gaudapada
1280:Vashistha
1035:Han Feizi
997:Lie Yukou
856:Confucius
804:Teachings
705:Cheng Hao
297:Zyu1 hei1
6503:Shen Kuo
6491:Jia Xian
6472:Bi Sheng
6396:Dry dock
6285:Banknote
6245:Gong Kai
6117:Wen Tong
6093:Fan Kuan
6086:Painters
6070:Xin Qiji
6027:Zhu Bian
6009:Cai Jing
5985:Cheng Yi
5835:Jun ware
5805:Religion
5676:Military
5647:Emperors
5578:Yancheng
5563:Jingkang
5474:Timeline
5390:Ink wash
5368:Politics
5358:Theology
5217:Ming yun
5193:Jing zuo
5152:Concepts
5034:Li Zehou
4999:Hua Gang
4969:Gan Yang
4878:Yan Yuan
4873:Wei Yuan
4843:Lin Zexu
4823:Gu Yanwu
4798:Fang Bao
4793:Dai Zhen
4755:Wu Cheng
4745:Wang Gen
4616:Shen Kuo
4591:Cheng Yi
4550:Liu Yuxi
4456:Sengzhao
4416:Fan Zhen
4318:Huan Tan
4298:Ban Zhao
4249:Zhang Yi
4239:Yang Zhu
4204:Shen Dao
4114:Bu Shang
4015:Legalism
3983:Buddhism
3872:"Zhu Xi"
3101:27226697
3029:Tokugawa
3001:Yi Hwang
2944:See also
2770:Tang Yin
2706:system.
2615:Buddhism
2531:Religion
2496:Red Pine
2470:問渠那得清如許，
2468:天光雲影共徘徊。
2466:半畝方塘一鑑開，
2359:I Ching.
2347:Buddhist
2019:Yi Hwang
1971:Cheontae
1878:Kokugaku
1697:Yogacara
1664:Buddhism
1657:Umaswati
1534:Chanakya
1521:Valluvar
1516:Valluvam
1481:Charvaka
1358:Ramanuja
1027:Legalism
1015:Yin yang
992:Zhuangzi
813:a series
811:Part of
709:Cheng Yi
685:Xiaojing
589:Mount Lu
521:Zyu1 zi2
515:Jyutping
427:Bopomofo
291:Jyutping
203:Bopomofo
30:In this
6571:History
6545:Portals
6509:Song Ci
6497:Su Song
6386:Compass
6266:Economy
6227:Li Song
6141:Cui Bai
5919:Song Qi
5913:Yan Shu
5900:Writers
5840:Ru ware
5825:Ge ware
5797:Society
5793:Culture
5598:Caizhou
5588:Tangdao
5470:History
5402:Society
5179:Jian'ai
4994:Hu Shih
4979:Gu Zhun
4838:Ma Qixi
4740:Wang Ji
4705:Jiao Yu
4621:Su Song
4601:Hu Hong
4491:Zhi Dun
4481:Xun Can
4466:Wang Bi
4461:Wang Su
4451:Ji Kang
4446:Huiyuan
4436:Fu Xuan
4426:Ge Hong
4373:Xun Yue
4368:Wang Fu
4358:Ma Rong
4328:Jia Kui
4269:Zou Yan
4229:Xu Xing
4214:Sun Tzu
4184:Mencius
4159:Hui Shi
4154:Han Fei
4129:Deng Xi
4066:Yangism
4058:Xuanxue
4025:Marxism
3971:Schools
3870:(ed.).
3838:Tongshu
2927:of the
2925:Hai Rui
2907:of the
2887:of the
2825:removed
2810:sources
2774:Hai Rui
2716:Cao Cao
2698:of the
2673:Jujahak
2591:Tanzhou
2550:jingzuo
2547:called
2432:If our
2269:is the
2225:Mencius
2197:I Ching
2086:Persons
2068:Donghak
1997:Persons
1966:Uicheon
1899:Statism
1829:Shingon
1754:Nirvana
1719:Dignāga
1644:Jainism
1632:Pramana
1627:Samadhi
1587:Brahman
1552:Atomism
1476:Ājīvika
1385:Samkhya
1319:Advaita
1310:Vedanta
1302:Jaimini
1293:Mimamsa
1260:Agastya
1156:Nyingma
1083:Tientai
1068:Sun Tzu
980:Persons
861:Mencius
849:Persons
680:Jurchen
672:Jiangxi
668:Huizhou
604:Chu Hsi
559:Tsu-tzú
469:Jhu-zǐh
454:Chu-tzu
375:Chinese
357:tʃjuhji
283:Jyū Hēi
230:Chu Hsi
159:Chinese
18:Chu Hsi
6611:Zhu Xi
6295:Guanzi
6290:Jiaozi
6123:Guo Xi
6064:Zhu Xi
6046:Lu You
6033:Zhu Yu
5997:Su Zhe
5991:Su Shi
5937:Su Xun
5810:Poetry
5593:Caishi
5463:topics
5373:Ethics
5346:Topics
5281:Wu wei
5059:Lu Xun
4883:Yu Yue
4833:Ji Yun
4715:Li Zhi
4656:Zhu Xi
4641:Ye Shi
4540:Han Yu
4525:Jizang
4441:He Yan
4421:Fan Ye
4348:Lu Jia
4343:Liu An
4323:Jia Yi
4313:Dou Wu
4259:Zichan
4209:Su Qin
4169:Li Kui
4051:Daoxue
4045:Taoism
4020:Mohism
3794:
3770:
3751:
3640:(1982)
3623:
3608:
3594:
3579:
3544:
3519:
3492:
3441:
3240:
3204:
3124:
3099:
3089:
2696:Doctor
2656:, and
2621:Legacy
2611:Taoism
2556:dhyana
2394:Mengzi
2216:, the
2210:, the
2204:: the
2099:Topics
2061:Seohak
2057:Silhak
2050:Topics
1959:Hwaeom
1954:Uisang
1949:Wonhyo
1749:Maitrī
1744:Anicca
1739:Anatta
1734:Dukkha
1727:Topics
1617:Moksha
1592:Dharma
1556:Atman
1547:Ahimsa
1503:Tantra
1461:Kanada
1427:Gotama
1394:Kapila
1341:Dvaita
1197:Maoism
1117:Jizang
1100:Fazang
1047:Mohism
1020:Wu wei
1003:Topics
975:Daoism
948:Zhu Xi
938:Han Yu
921:simple
909:simple
884:Guanxi
867:Topics
694:jinshi
676:Fujian
595:Zhu Xi
553:Tâi-lô
507:Jyū-jí
436:
335:Tsu Hi
329:Tâi-lô
245:Jhu Si
212:
195:Zhū Xī
130:School
119:Region
51:Zhu Xi
34:, the
6559:China
6515:Li Ye
6300:Huizi
6184:Li Di
6154:Mi Fu
5620:Yamen
5573:De'an
5353:Logic
5336:Ziran
4974:Gu Su
4760:Xu Ai
4545:Li Ao
4520:Fu Yi
4234:Xunzi
4219:Wu Qi
4174:Li Si
4164:Laozi
4139:Gaozi
3840:(通書).
2746:Title
2665:Japan
2658:taiji
2390:Xunzi
2373:taiji
2365:taiji
2300:taiji
2296:taiji
2272:taiji
2111:Juche
2029:Yi Ik
1978:Jinul
1929:Korea
1834:Kukai
1820:Eisai
1808:Dogen
1778:Japan
1602:Karma
1577:Artha
1527:Other
1509:Tamil
1419:Nyaya
1265:Aruni
1236:India
1168:Gelug
1144:Sakya
1088:Zhiyi
987:Laozi
923:]
911:]
830:China
786:" of
700:同安縣主簿
419:Zhūzǐ
73:Youxi
6361:Coke
6239:Muqi
5795:and
5322:Yong
5269:Tian
5248:Shen
5229:Qing
5186:Jing
4775:Qing
4674:Ming
4669:Yuan
4578:Song
4509:Tang
4264:Zisi
4189:Mozi
3792:ISBN
3768:ISBN
3749:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3606:ISBN
3592:ISSN
3577:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3517:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3439:ISBN
3270:2017
3238:ISBN
3202:ISBN
3181:2017
3173:CNKI
3122:ISBN
3097:OCLC
3087:ISBN
3010:Yi I
2808:any
2806:cite
2692:五經博士
2680:Life
2613:and
2519:格物致知
2404:and
2341:and
2316:yang
2308:and
2024:Yi I
1983:Seon
1637:Yoga
1612:Maya
1607:Kama
1402:Yoga
1275:Atri
1055:Mozi
874:Face
776:Qufu
762:Duke
707:and
658:Life
633:géwù
85:Died
66:Born
6482:fl.
6206:fl.
6145:fl.
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