408:
709:
combination of verapamil and silicone improves the overall quality of hypertrophic scars by reducing scar height and redness. This was verified with quantifiable histomorphometric parameters; however, oral verapamil is not a good choice because of its effect of lowering blood pressure. Intralesional injection of verapamil is also suboptimal because of the required frequency for injections. Topical silicone gel combined with verapamil does not lead to systemic hypotension, is convenient to apply, and shows enhanced results.
305:
544:, which is a specialized contractile fibroblast. These cells express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The myofibroblasts are absent in the first trimester in the embryonic stage where damage heals scar-free; in small incisional or excision wounds less than 2 mm that also heal without scarring; and in adult unwounded tissues where the fibroblast in itself is arrested; however, the myofibroblast is found in massive numbers in adult wound healing which heals with a scar.
198:
60:
744:
641:, ablative lasers work by removing the epidermis. Healing times for ablative therapy are much longer and the risk profile is greater compared to nonablative therapy; however, nonablative therapy offers only minor improvements in cosmetic appearance of atrophic and acne scars. Combination laser therapy and
781:
lines, though its effectiveness in this application is debatable. Essentially the process involves separating the skin tissue in the affected area from the deeper scar tissue. This allows the blood to pool under the affected area, eventually causing the deep rolling scar to level off with the rest of
500:
scar. The fibroblast proliferation is circular and cyclically, the fibroblast proliferation lays down thick, whitish collagen inside the provisional and collagen matrix, resulting in the abundant production of packed collagen on the fibers giving scars their uneven texture. Over time, the fibroblasts
3731:
Ferguson, Mark WJ; Duncan, Jonathan; Bond, Jeremy; Bush, James; Durani, Piyush; So, Karen; Taylor, Lisa; Chantrey, Jonquille; Mason, Tracey; James, Gaynor; Laverty, Hugh; Occleston, Nick L.; Sattar, Abdul; Ludlow, Anna; O'Kane, Sharon (2009). "Prophylactic administration of avotermin for improvement
860:
wounds. A 2022 scoping review covering twenty-five studies of 1515 participants reported that all studies reviewed reported favorable outcomes for scar massage, but that "while there may be benefits to scar massage in reducing pain, increasing movement and improving scar characteristics", there was
766:
Surgical excision of hypertrophic or keloid scars is often associated to other methods, such as pressotherapy or silicone gel sheeting. Lone excision of keloid scars, however, shows a recurrence rate close to 45%. A clinical study is currently ongoing to assess the benefits of a treatment combining
577:
Chemical peels are chemicals which destroy the epidermis in a controlled manner, leading to exfoliation and the alleviation of certain skin conditions, including superficial acne scars. Various chemicals can be used depending upon the depth of the peel, and caution should be used, particularly for
560:
Wounds under 2mm generally do not scar but larger wounds generally do scar. In 2011 it was found that mechanical stress can stimulate scarring and that stress shielding can reduce scarring in wounds. In 2021 it was found that using chemicals to manipulate fibroblasts to not sense mechanical stress
692:
are commonly used in managing burn and hypertrophic scars, although supporting evidence is lacking. Care providers commonly report improvements, however, and pressure therapy has been effective in treating ear keloids. The general acceptance of the treatment as effective may prevent it from being
218:
scarring, both of which experience excessive stiff collagen bundled growth overextending the tissue, blocking off regeneration of tissues. Another form is atrophic scarring (sunken scarring), which also has an overexpression of collagen blocking regeneration. This scar type is sunken, because the
2309:
These cells, which differentiate from the unwounded tissue cell type (fibroblasts), are responsible for laying down scar tissue. Indeed, myofibroblasts remain present in hypertrophic scars up to four years after the original wounding event. An in vitro assay was accordingly developed to identify
415:
A scar is the product of the body's repair mechanism after tissue injury. If a wound heals quickly within two weeks with new formation of skin, minimal collagen will be deposited and no scar will form. When the extracellular matrix senses elevated mechanical stress loading, tissue will scar, and
547:
The myofibroblasts make up a high proportion of the fibroblasts proliferating in the postembryonic wound at the onset of healing. In the rat model, for instance, myofibroblasts can constitute up to 70% of the fibroblasts, and is responsible for fibrosis on tissue. Generally, the myofibroblasts
3996:
Mascharak, Shamik; desJardins-Park, Heather E.; Davitt, Michael F.; Griffin, Michelle; Borrelli, Mimi R.; Moore, Alessandra L.; Chen, Kellen; Duoto, Bryan; Chinta, Malini; Foster, Deshka S.; Shen, Abra H.; Januszyk, Michael; Kwon, Sun Hyung; Wernig, Gerlinde; Wan, Derrick C. (23 April 2021).
708:
concluded that verapamil-releasing silicone gel is effective and is a superior alternative to the conventional silicone gel where decreased median SEI, fibroblast count, and collagen density in all verapamil-added treatment groups were observed. Gross morphologic features suggested that the
483:
inside the provisional matrix to create a collagen matrix. This collagen overexpression continues and crosslinks the fiber arrangement inside the collagen matrix, making the collagen dense. This densely packed collagen, morphing into an inelastic whitish collagen scar wall, blocks off cell
288:. In some people, keloid scars form spontaneously. Although they can be a cosmetic problem, keloid scars are only inert masses of collagen and therefore completely harmless and not cancerous. However, they can be itchy or painful in some individuals. They tend to be most common on the
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This is composed of the same main protein (collagen) as normal skin, but with differences in details of composition. Most crucially, the protein fibres in normal tissue have a random (basketweave) appearance, while those in scar tissue have pronounced alignment in a single
501:
continue to crawl around the matrix, adjusting more fibers and, in the process, the scarring settles and becomes stiff. This fibroblast proliferation also contracts the tissue. In unwounded tissue, these fibers are not overexpressed with thick collagen and do not contract.
255:
scars take the form of a red raised lump on the skin for lighter pigmented skin and the form of dark brown for darker pigmented skin. They usually occur within 4 to 8 weeks following wound infection or wound closure with excess tension and/or other traumatic skin injuries.
431:, the inner lining of the uterus, is the only adult tissue to undergo rapid cyclic shedding and regeneration without scarring, shedding and restoring roughly inside a 7-day window on a monthly basis. All other adult tissues, upon rapid shedding or injury, can scar.
156:
the collagen cross-links and forms a pronounced alignment in a single direction. This collagen scar tissue alignment is usually of inferior functional quality to the normal collagen randomised alignment. For example, scars in the skin are less resistant to
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Nor, N. M.; Ismail, R.; Jamil, A.; Shah, S. A.; Imran, F. H. (25 November 2016). "A Randomized, Single-Blind Trial of
Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% Cream Under Silicone Dressing Occlusion Versus Intra-Lesional Triamcinolone for Treatment of Keloid".
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As part of the healing process, specialized cells called fibroblasts in adjacent areas of skin produce a fibrous connective tissue made up of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish, rather inelastic fibres make up the bulk of the scar
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988:(avotermin, planned trade name Juvista) failed in Phase III trials. In 2011, the scientific literature highlighted stress shielding a fresh wound through the wound healing process, brings significant scar improvement and smaller scars.
205:
All scarring is composed of the same collagen as the tissue it has replaced, but the composition of the scar tissue, compared to the normal tissue, is different. Scar tissue also lacks elasticity unlike normal tissue which distributes
665:
is sometimes used to prevent recurrence of severe keloid and hypertrophic scarring. It is thought to be effective despite a lack of clinical trials, but only used in extreme cases due to the perceived risk of long-term side effects.
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Wounds that are allowed to heal secondarily tend to have larger and more noticeable scars than the scars that results from primary closure. Secondary healing also has a greater tendency for hypertrophic scar/keloid formation. (page
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myofibroblasts become differentiated from other cells in the wound within a few days after the onset of healing, and in the rat model can reach a peak where about 70% of the fibroblastic cells present are of the myofibroblast
516:
Mammalian wounds that involve the dermis of the skin heal by repair, not regeneration (except in 1st trimester inter-uterine wounds and in the regeneration of deer antlers). Full-thickness wounds heal by a combination of
484:
communication and regeneration; as a result, the new tissue generated will have a different texture and quality than the surrounding unwounded tissue. This prolonged collagen-producing process results in a fortuna scar.
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is created; this clot is the beginning process that results in a provisional matrix. In the process, the first layer is a provisional matrix and is not a scar. Over time, the wounded body tissue overexpresses
3377:
Jenkins M, Alexander JW, MacMillan BG, Waymack JP, Kopcha R. Failure of topical steroids and vitamin E to reduce postoperative scar formation following reconstructive surgery. J Burn Care
Rehabil. 1986
3486:
Farris PK. Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. Although many people claim that vitamin therapy does in fact help. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:814-818.
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In hypertrophic scar tissue, no sweet gland and hair follicle exist usually because of the dermal and epidermal damage in extensive thermal skin injury, thus impairing regulation of body temperature
4255:
569:
Early and effective treatment of acne scarring can prevent severe acne and the scarring that often follows. In 2004, no prescription drugs for the treatment or prevention of scars were available.
296:. Hypertrophic scars and keloids tend to be more common in wounds closed by secondary intention. Surgical removal of keloid is risky and may exacerbate the condition and worsening of the keloid.
3612:
Scott, Helen C.; Stockdale, Claire; Robinson, Andrea; Robinson, Luke S; Brown, Ted (2022). "Is massage an effective intervention in the management of post-operative scarring? A scoping review".
474:
An injury does not become a scar until the wound has completely healed; this can take many months, or years in the worst pathological cases, such as keloids. To begin to patch the damage, a
420:. Sweat glands do not form in scar tissue, which impairs the regulation of body temperature. Elastic fibers are generally not detected in scar tissue younger than 3 months old. In scars,
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dressing was undergoing research, the material was shown to prevent scar formation. By 2021, more people were paying attention to the possibility of scar revision and new technologies.
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2530:
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Healing in 2 weeks – minimal to no scar; Healing in 3 weeks – minimal to no scar except in high risk scar formers;Healing in 4 weeks or more – hypertrophic in more than 50% of patients
4751:
152:) as the tissue that it replaces, but the fiber composition of the protein is different; instead of a random basketweave formation of the collagen fibers found in normal tissue, in
277:
Hypertrophic scars are often distinguished from keloid scars by their lack of growth outside the original wound area, but this commonly taught distinction can lead to confusion.
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scars can be limited by stress shielding wounds. Small full thickness wounds under 2mm reepithelize fast and heal scar free. Deep second-degree burns heal with scarring and
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An atrophic scar takes the form of a sunken recess in the skin, which has a pitted appearance. These are caused when underlying structures supporting the skin, such as
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is cut after birth. Egg-laying animals have an umbilical scar which, depending on the species, may remain visible for life or disappear within a few days after birth.
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the number of myofibroblasts present in the forming scar tissue begins to reduce via apoptosis, until by about 30 days no myofibroblasts are obvious within the scar.
1617:
1933:
1128:
Histologic
Diagnosis of Inflammatory Skin Diseases An Algorithmic Method Based on Pattern Analysis: Embryologic, Histologic, and Anatomic Aspects: Elastic Fibers
552:, such as keloids. Myofibroblasts have plasticity and in mice can be transformed into fat cells, instead of scar tissue, via the regeneration of hair follicles.
3127:
Stavrou D, Weissman O, Winkler E, Yankelson L, Millet E, Mushin OP, Liran A, Haik J (October 2010). "Silicone-based scar therapy: a review of the literature".
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Research, before 2009, focused on scar improvements with research into molecular mechanisms. Treatments involving molecular mechanisms including avotermin,
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Ogawa R, Yoshitatsu S, Yoshida K, Miyashita T (October 2009). "Is radiation therapy for keloids acceptable? The risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis".
2940:
Friedstat, JS; Hultman, CS (2014). "Hypertrophic burn scar management: what does the evidence show? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials".
2336:
Kapoor, Mohit; Liu, Shangxi; Shi-Wen, Xu; Huh, Kun; McCann, Matthew; Denton, Christopher P.; Woodgett, James R.; Abraham, David J.; Leask, Andrew (2008).
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actives which prevent or reduce myofibroblast formation and thus identify actives which are effective in reducing and/or preventing scar tissue formation.
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within some cultures and subcultures. These forms of ritual and non-ritual scarring practices can be found in many groups and cultures around the world.
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210:. Scars differ in the amounts of collagen overexpressed. Labels have been applied to the differences in overexpression. Two of the most common types are
1029:-approved drug for eye disease, could enable scar-free healing in mice. According to the study, the drug works by blocking mechanical stress signals in
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1003:. and scar-free healing had been operationalized and induced by four main regeneration techniques: by instrument, by materials, by drugs, and by
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laser treatment is however very effective (and more efficacious than laser treatment alone) and has shown benefit in numerous clinical studies.
4734:
2732:
2759:
1454:
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1854:"Morphological and distribution characteristics of sweat glands in hypertrophic scar and their possible effects on sweat gland regeneration"
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are used as laser therapy for hypertrophic scars and keloids. There is tentative evidence for burn scars that they improve the appearance.
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1324:
1977:
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genetic marker. EPFs are the primary contributors to all fibrotic outcomes after wounding. ENFs do not contribute to fibrotic outcomes.
446:). The time it takes for this redness to dissipate may, however, range from a few days to, in some serious and rare cases, a few years.
4978:
4871:
4809:
985:
704:, a type of calcium channel blocker, is considered a candidate drug for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. A study conducted by the
270:
Keloid scars are a more serious form of excessive scarring, because they can grow indefinitely into large, tumorous (although benign)
3697:
3275:
Choi, Jangyoun; Han, Yu Na; Rha, Eun Young; Kang, Hwi Ju; Kim, Ki Joo; Park, Il Kyu; Kim, Hyun-Jung; Rhie, Jong Won (17 March 2021).
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1961:
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may offer superior results to single modality treatment. The biggest recent advance in scar management is the use of fractionated CO
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3844:'Molecular mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis: knockdown of osteopontin leads to rapid repair and reduced scarring'
1951:
1142:
280:
Keloid scars can occur on anyone, but they are most common in dark-skinned people. They can be caused by surgery, cuts, accident,
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4906:
4548:
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Elsaie ML, Baumann LS, Elsaaiee LT (2009). "Striae
Distensae (Stretch Marks) and Different Modalities of Therapy: An Update".
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4538:
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1768:
755:
Scar revision is a process of cutting the scar tissue out. After the excision, the new wound is usually closed up to heal by
442:
proliferation, can occur. Redness that often follows an injury to the skin is not a scar and is generally not permanent (see
3971:
2202:
Rinkevich, Y (2015), "Skin fibrosis. Identification and isolation of a dermal lineage with intrinsic fibrogenic potential",
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scars to the level of surrounding skin. Risks vary based upon the filler used, and can include further disfigurement and
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947:
705:
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2156:
Jiang, D; Rinkevich, Y (2020), "Scars or
Regeneration?—Dermal Fibroblasts as Drivers of Diverse Skin Wound Responses",
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and edge re-epitheliasation. Partial thickness wounds heal by edge re-epithelialisation and epidermal migration from
335:
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2015:
1100:
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in up to 33% of users and in some cases it may worsen scar appearance and could cause minor skin irritations, but
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Silicone scar treatments are commonly used in preventing scar formation and improving existing scar appearance. A
496:
proliferation, a process that begins with a reaction to the clot. To mend the damage, fibroblasts slowly form the
449:
Scars form differently based on the location of the injury on the body and the age of the person who was injured.
4756:
4702:
4373:
4296:
917:
2785:
Cooper JS, Lee BT (December 2009). "Treatment of facial scarring: lasers, filler, and nonoperative techniques".
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brought scar-free healing. The scar-free healing also occurred when mechanical stress was placed onto a wound.
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304:
2338:"GSK-3β in mouse fibroblasts controls wound healing and fibrosis through an endothelin-1–dependent mechanism"
763:. Deeper cuts need a multilayered closure to heal optimally, otherwise depressed or dented scars can result.
751:(left), and photo one day after scar revision surgery: The area around sutures is still swollen from surgery.
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5278:
4886:
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3561:
Shin, Thuzar M.; Bordeaux, Jeremy S. (2012). "The Role of
Massage in Scar Management: A Literature Review".
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Tam, Joshua; Wang, Ying; Vuong, Linh N.; Fisher, Jeremy M.; Farinelli, William A.; Anderson, R. Rox (2016).
679:
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142:
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Shih R, Waltzman J, Evans GR (March 2007). "Review of over-the-counter topical scar treatment products".
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4570:
4502:
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Cohen, BE; Elbuluk, N (February 2016). "Microneedling in skin of color: A review of uses and efficacy".
1923:
1403:
Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D'Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, Pastore F, Monfrecola G (2010).
725:
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helps prevent scarring. However, the studies examining it were of poor quality and susceptible to bias.
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356:) are also a form of scarring. These are caused when the skin is stretched rapidly (for instance during
170:
158:
31:
4247:
3449:
Deep cuts need multi-layered closure to heal optimally; otherwise, depressed or dented scars can result
459:(the deep, thick layer of skin) is damaged. Most skin scars are flat and leave a trace of the original
330:
infection), surgery, certain insect and spider bites, or accidents. It can also be caused by a genetic
2657:
1994:
Importantly, the endometrium is the only adult tissue to undergo rapid cyclic repair without scarring.
1582:
Hengge UR, Ruzicka T, Schwartz RA, Cork MJ (2006). "Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids".
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was efficacious in scar management. Any beneficial effect appeared to be greater in wounds created by
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injections into the scar may help flatten and soften the appearance of keloid or hypertrophic scars.
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3461:
1125:
A. Bernard
Ackerman, MD, Almut Böer, MD, Bruce Bennin, MD, Geoffrey J. Gottlieb, MD (January 2005).
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Elsaie ML, Choudhary S (November 2010). "Lasers for scars: A review and evidence-based appraisal".
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174:
1185:"Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies"
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244:
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Willows, B.M.; Ilyas, M.; Sharma, A. (4 August 2017). "Laser in the management of burn scars".
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involves the removal of the surface of the skin with special equipment, and usually involves a
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Tredget, Edward E.; Ding, Jie (2009). "Wound healing: From embryos to adults and back again".
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Early and effective acne treatment can prevent severe acne and the scarring that often follows
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3999:"Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring"
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946:("notch, gap"). The conflation helped to form the English meaning. Compare the place name
114:
81:
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Renovo shares plummet 75% as scar revision product
Juvista fails to meet study endpoints
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1516:
1483:
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Cosmetics; Medical makeup can temporarily conceal scars. This is most commonly used for
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Wounds allowed to heal secondarily tend to scar worse than wounds from primary closure.
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Goodman GJ (2000). "Postacne scarring: A review of its pathophysiology and treatment".
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levels and either
African or Asian ancestry may make adverse scarring more noticeable.
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3745:
2433:
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2250:
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Wong, Victor W.; Akaishi, Satoshi; Longaker, Michael T.; Gurtner, Geoffrey C. (2011).
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are lost; through a lack of rete pegs, scars tend to shear easier than normal tissue.
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a lack of "consistent research methods, intervention protocols and outcome measures".
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Key processes contributing to the quasi-neoplastic expression of keloid pathobiology.
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141:) results in some degree of scarring. An exception to this are animals with complete
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Formation of a thick eschar, slow healing (>1month), Obvious scarring, hair loss.
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Khatri KA, Mahoney DL, McCartney MJ (April 2011). "Laser scar revision: A review".
1853:
1568:
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838:
662:
638:
526:
435:
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110:
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Roques C, Téot L (2008). "The Use of
Corticosteroids to Treat Keloids: A Review".
2575:"Updated Scar Management Practical Guidelines: Non-invasive and invasive measures"
2102:
Wipff, Pierre-Jean; Rifkin, Daniel B.; Meister, Jean-Jacques; Hinz, Boris (2007).
4140:
3462:"Chemical peels vs laser peels vs microdermabrasion: which one is right for you?"
3175:"Silicone gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars"
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2996:
2953:
2104:"Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-β1 from the extracellular matrix"
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disappear from the wound within 30 days, but can remain in pathological cases in
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3939:
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2684:"Scar-free healing: from embryonic mechanisms to adult therapeutic intervention"
1325:"Practical Plastic Surgery for Nonsurgeons - Secondary Wound Closure - Scarring"
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of skin scarring: Three double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I/II studies".
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2547:
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Roten SV1, Bhat S, Bhawan J. (February 1996). "Elastic fibers in scar tissue".
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1618:"What Types of Animals Have Been to Space and More Questions From our Readers"
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811:
505:
493:
439:
368:), or when skin is put under tension during the healing process (usually near
321:
4093:
4022:
3948:
3582:
3345:
3300:
1507:
5400:
5326:
5230:
5225:
5215:
5132:
5109:
5094:
4525:
4516:
4339:
4324:
4219:
4014:
2497:
2215:
2061:
940:
815:
803:
701:
534:
525:
structures (hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands). The site of
421:
417:
357:
4040:
3796:
3753:
3668:
3633:
3590:
3524:
3516:
3410:
3353:
3318:
3250:
3208:
3148:
3105:
3039:
3004:
2961:
2926:
2891:
2853:
2806:
2798:
2771:
2744:
2717:
2699:
2629:"In mouse experiments, scientists unlock the key to scar-free skin healing"
2610:
2556:
2515:
2390:
2371:
2233:
2189:
2137:
2079:
1869:
1838:
1784:
1742:
1603:
1560:
1525:
1440:
1381:
1294:
1253:
1218:
1101:"Giving Burns the First, Second and Third Degree - Classification of burns"
777:
or other skin diseases. It is also used to lessen the appearance of severe
743:
2400:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace
2119:
1907:
1421:
17:
5343:
5188:
5052:
4194:
2601:
2170:
1733:
1716:
1015:
999:
887:
778:
591:
497:
480:
289:
271:
248:
153:
149:
130:
98:
452:
The worse the initial damage is, the worse the scar will generally be.
59:
5242:
5237:
5210:
4836:
4781:
2382:
1012:
993:
886:
The permanence of scarring has led to its intentional use as a form of
849:
807:
595:
372:). This type of scar usually improves in appearance after a few years.
227:
138:
134:
122:
4115:
3292:
1820:
529:
stem cells remains unknown but stem cells are likely to reside in the
5348:
5331:
4983:
4696:
4652:
4492:
4404:
4127:
2353:
929:
819:
634:
615:
579:
460:
456:
369:
317:
265:
215:
126:
106:
5002:
2474:"Regeneration of fat cells from myofibroblasts during wound healing"
1717:"Pushing Back: Wound Mechanotransduction in Repair and Regeneration"
767:
surgery and laser-assisted healing in hypertrophic or keloid scars.
189:) that can heal without any structural or functional deterioration.
810:) as treatments for scars is ineffective. Vitamin E causes contact
5410:
2044:
Bayat A, McGrouther DA, Barton JJ, Ferguson MW (11 January 2003).
1482:
Brennan, Miriam; Young, Gavin; Devane, Declan (14 November 2012).
1455:"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes"
742:
406:
392:
303:
293:
196:
178:
320:, are lost. This type of scarring is often associated with acne,
251:, which causes the scar to be raised above the surrounding skin.
5405:
5220:
4474:
4152:
1769:"Regenerative healing in fetal skin: A review of the literature"
1484:"Topical preparations for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy"
1008:
857:
832:
475:
186:
102:
27:
Area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury
5006:
4251:
4156:
1805:"Reconstitution of full-thickness skin by microcolumn grafting"
2432:
Linge, Claire (Harrow, GB), Mackie, Ian Paul (Sheffield, GB).
2295:
Linge, Claire (Harrow, GB), Mackie, Ian Paul (Sheffield, GB).
2249:
Linge, Claire (Harrow, GB), Mackie, Ian Paul (Sheffield, GB).
1232:
Kelly, A. Paul (2009). "Update on the Management of Keloids".
578:
dark-skinned individuals and those individuals susceptible to
504:
EPF and ENF fibroblasts have been genetically traced with the
313:
3972:"Researchers find drug that enables healing without scarring"
1956:(Third ed.). USA: Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 7.
898:
First attested in English in the late 14th century, the word
782:
the skin area. Once the skin has leveled, treatments such as
773:
is a process used to treat deep rolling scars left behind by
3277:"Verapamil-containing silicone gel reduces scar hypertrophy"
2531:"Repeal and Replace: Adipocyte Regeneration in Wound Repair"
1064:
1062:
4055:
3923:"Micro-compound tissue grafting for repairing linear scars"
980:
were investigated at the time. After successful phase I/II
540:
The fibroblast involved in scarring and contraction is the
181:
muscle, which leads to loss of muscular power and possibly
2828:
Lemperle G, Rullan PP, Gauthier-Hazan N (September 2006).
2579:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
1311:
Seventh Edition, p. 171. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco.
728:
can be used as an alternative treatment for keloid scars.
2434:"Method of preventing or reducing scarring of human skin"
2297:"Method of preventing or reducing scarring of human skin"
2251:"Method of preventing or reducing scarring of human skin"
731:
Topical steroid applied immediately after fractionated CO
637:
offer the best results for atrophic and acne scars. Like
2764:
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
2737:
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
1405:"Acne Scars: Pathogenesis, Classification and Treatment"
308:
Atrophic "cigarette paper" scar in Ehlers-Danlos patient
2656:. American Academy of Dermatology. 2011. Archived from
1809:
Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
1269:"Prevention and treatment of excessive dermal scarring"
928:), meaning "hearth, fireplace", but in medicine "scab,
30:
This article is about scar tissue. For other uses, see
3927:
Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1980:. princehenrys.org. 18 September 2012. Archived from
121:
of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the
4278:
Cutaneous keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
4105:
3026:
Verma, Neil; Yumeen, Sara; Raggio, Blake S. (2022),
1267:
Roseborough IE, Grevious MA, Lee RC (January 2004).
5391:
5368:
5312:
5277:
5268:
5261:
5179:
5161:
5150:
5123:
5082:
5073:
5066:
5040:
4961:
4943:
4905:
4835:
4775:
4710:
4695:
4666:
4613:
4591:
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis
4524:
4511:
4283:
4109:
3334:
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
2830:"Avoiding and treating dermal filler complications"
1073:. Department of Mathematics, Heriot-Watt University
649:laser and immediate application of topical steroid
71:
49:
44:
4752:Lupus erythematosus–lichen planus overlap syndrome
848:A 2012 literature review found weak evidence that
822:fade the dark pigment associated with some scars.
391:have an umbilical scar (commonly referred to as a
3712:
3710:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1672:"POST BURN SCAR RELATIVE TO RE-EPITHELIALIZATION"
1178:
1176:
1174:
1071:"Mathematical Modelling of Scar Tissue Formation"
4094:American Academy of Dermatology: What is a scar?
3270:
3268:
2760:"Standard guidelines of care for chemical peels"
2568:
2566:
1852:Fu XB, Sun TZ, Li XK, Sheng ZY (February 2005).
1644:"Flat-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii)"
1319:
1317:
1131:(Third ed.). Ardor Scribendi. p. 522.
932:on a wound caused by burning or otherwise", and
5446:Skin conditions resulting from physical factors
3034:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2873:
2871:
2622:
2620:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2016:"Facts about fibroblast: scar tissue formation"
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
219:collagen bundles do not overextend the tissue.
4800:Morphea–lichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap
3649:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2733:"Standard guidelines of care for acne surgery"
1584:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
794:can be used to smooth out the scarred tissue.
145:, which regrow tissue without scar formation.
109:. Scars result from the biological process of
5018:
4263:
4168:
3373:
3371:
2427:
2425:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1798:
1796:
1794:
379:levels are implicated in striae development.
148:Scar tissue is composed of the same protein (
8:
3498:"Medical Makeup for Concealing Facial Scars"
3466:Beautiful Canadian Laser and Skincare Clinic
2457:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2321:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2275:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2244:
2242:
1928:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1163:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1094:
1092:
610:Nonablative lasers, such as the 585 nm
537:and below the bulge area of hair follicles.
173:, commonly known as a heart attack, causes
3726:
3724:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3179:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3173:O'Brien, L; Jones, DJ (12 September 2013).
2158:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2151:
2149:
2147:
1488:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
724:Topical steroids are ineffective. However,
5274:
5265:
5158:
5079:
5070:
5025:
5011:
5003:
4707:
4521:
4270:
4256:
4248:
4175:
4161:
4153:
4106:
3496:Mee, Donna; Wong, Brian (1 October 2012).
2414:|...|intentional=yes}}
1932:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1234:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
125:process. With the exception of very minor
58:
41:
4364:Seborrheic keratosis with squamous atypia
4030:
3938:
3308:
3198:
3168:
3166:
2707:
2600:
2590:
2546:
2505:
2361:
2223:
2179:
2169:
2127:
2069:
1953:Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1828:
1732:
1515:
1430:
1420:
1309:Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology,
1284:
1208:
4605:Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction
4576:Annular elastolytic giant-cell granuloma
4398:Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
4381:Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases
2688:Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci
1945:
1943:
939:("cut, crack, incision"), which is from
223:(striae) are regarded as scars by some.
185:. However, there are some tissues (e.g.
169:do not grow back within scar tissues. A
4450:Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis
4435:Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola
1058:
4307:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
3970:Vaughan, Christopher (22 April 2021).
3700:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
2472:Plikus; et al. (5 January 2017).
2450:
2314:
2268:
1921:
1183:Gauglitz, Gerd; Korting, Hans (2011).
1156:
4897:Atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis
4601:Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis
3684:, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short,
2985:Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy
1477:
1475:
582:formation or with active infections.
7:
4425:Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans
1721:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
693:further studied in clinical trials.
4877:Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
1677:. eplasty.com. 2011. Archived from
991:By 2016, skin had been regenerated
4979:Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
4872:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
4810:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
3819:"Liver damage 'could be reversed'"
3243:10.1097/01.prs.0000255814.75012.35
3231:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
3086:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2846:10.1097/01.prs.0000234672.69287.77
2834:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2682:Ferguson MW, O'Kane S (May 2004).
1900:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1996.tb00775.x
352:Stretch marks (technically called
25:
5322:Dense irregular connective tissue
4920:Reactive perforating collagenosis
4554:Granuloma annulare in HIV disease
4056:"Imagine, Surgery Without a Scar"
3856:"Gel 'to speed up wound healing'"
2342:Journal of Clinical Investigation
1409:Dermatology Research and Practice
1021:In 2021, researchers found that,
697:Verapamil-containing silicone gel
247:occur when the body overproduces
113:in the skin, as well as in other
4369:Reticulated seborrheic keratosis
3575:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02201.x
2627:Molteni, Megan (22 April 2021).
2573:Monstrey, Stan (1 August 2014).
1553:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01094.x
1374:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2000.99232.x
614:, 1064 nm and 1320 nm
395:) which starts to heal when the
5339:Dense regular connective tissue
4935:Acquired perforating dermatosis
4925:Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
4865:Jadassohn–Pellizzari anetoderma
4088:WebMd.com: Skin Scars Directory
3921:Tang, Xuwen (1 December 2021).
2880:Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
4359:Irritated seborrheic keratosis
4054:Kolata, Gina (22 April 2021).
3895:"Silk route to scar-free skin"
3893:Dey, Becky (29 October 2018).
3191:10.1002/14651858.CD003826.pub3
2529:Horsley, Watt (6 April 2017).
1888:Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
1651:US Fish & Wildlife Service
1500:10.1002/14651858.CD000066.pub2
1069:Sherratt, Jonathan A. (2010).
670:Dressings and topical silicone
1:
4892:Linear atrophoderma of Moulin
4564:Patch-type granuloma annulare
4440:Inverted follicular keratosis
3789:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60705-4
3746:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60322-6
1307:Martini, Frederic H. (2006).
1099:Kraft, John; Lynde, Charles.
902:derives from a conflation of
324:, other diseases (especially
201:Man with visible facial scars
4860:Schweninger–Buzzi anetoderma
4559:Localized granuloma annulare
4090:(archived 21 September 2017)
3098:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181b5a3ae
3028:"Ablative Laser Resurfacing"
2997:10.3109/14764172.2011.564625
2954:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000103
706:Catholic University of Korea
625:Ablative lasers such as the
4586:Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
4485:Waxy keratosis of childhood
4354:Common seborrheic keratosis
4349:Clonal seborrheic keratosis
4331:Keratoderma blennorrhagicum
3940:10.1016/j.cjprs.2021.11.002
3717:Online Etymology Dictionary
3391:Clinical Drug Investigation
3281:International Wound Journal
2919:10.1016/j.burns.2017.07.001
2108:The Journal of Cell Biology
2050:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
806:and onion extract (sold as
492:The scarring is created by
129:, every wound (e.g., after
5462:
4302:Paraneoplastic keratoderma
3661:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.024
2758:Khunger N (January 2008).
2731:Khunger N (January 2008).
2592:10.1016/j.bjps.2014.04.011
2548:10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.015
1596:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.01.010
1246:10.1016/j.sder.2009.04.002
965:
879:
802:Research shows the use of
680:the Cochrane collaboration
455:Skin scars occur when the
345:
263:
237:
29:
4374:Dermatosis papulosa nigra
4297:Keratoderma climactericum
4190:
3626:10.1016/j.jht.2022.01.004
3403:10.1007/s40261-016-0484-x
3141:10.1007/s00266-010-9496-8
3129:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
2942:Annals of Plastic Surgery
1201:10.2119/molmed.2009.00153
1007:3-D printing. In 2018, a
682:found weak evidence that
66:
57:
4930:Perforating folliculitis
4882:Semicircular lipoatrophy
4319:Drug-induced keratoderma
4099:21 November 2018 at the
3346:10.1177/1534734608320786
2537:(Submitted manuscript).
2056:(7380). The BMJ: 88–92.
4887:Follicular atrophoderma
4675:eosinophilic dermatosis
4015:10.1126/science.aba2374
3702:A Greek-English Lexicon
3614:Journal of Hand Therapy
2498:10.1126/science.aai8792
2436:. freepatentsonline.com
2299:. freepatentsonline.com
2253:. freepatentsonline.com
2216:10.1126/science.aaa2151
2062:10.1136/bmj.326.7380.88
1858:Chinese Medical Journal
1779:(6): 16–31, quiz 32–3.
1773:Ostomy/Wound Management
4615:Foreign body granuloma
4526:Necrobiotic/palisading
4420:Chronic scar keratosis
3517:10.1055/s-0032-1325647
3505:Facial Plastic Surgery
2799:10.1055/s-0029-1243079
2787:Facial Plastic Surgery
2700:10.1098/rstb.2004.1475
1767:Wilgus, T. A. (2007).
1048:Regeneration in humans
856:than for traumatic or
752:
717:A long-term course of
661:Low-dose, superficial
618:, or the 1540 nm
412:
336:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
309:
202:
4790:Localized scleroderma
4571:Necrobiosis lipoidica
4503:Cutis verticis gyrata
4430:Hydrocarbon keratosis
4314:Aquagenic keratoderma
3933:(4). China: 202–203.
3378:Jul–Aug;7(4):309–312.
2840:(3 Suppl): 92S–107S.
2406:|...}}
2377:(Retracted, see
2120:10.1083/jcb.200704042
1950:Ira D. Papel (2011).
966:Further information:
746:
726:clobetasol propionate
684:silicone gel sheeting
594:can be used to raise
590:Filler injections of
410:
307:
200:
171:myocardial infarction
159:ultraviolet radiation
101:that replaces normal
67:Scar tissue on an arm
32:Scar (disambiguation)
4953:Pyoderma gangrenosum
4815:Pansclerotic morphea
4596:Rheumatoid nodulosis
4581:Granuloma multiforme
4460:Reactional keratosis
4410:Ichthyosis acquisita
4393:Acanthosis nigricans
4344:Seborrheic keratosis
4285:Epidermal thickening
3563:Dermatologic Surgery
2739:. 74 Suppl: S28–36.
2171:10.3390/ijms21020617
1984:on 14 September 2009
1978:"Endometrial repair"
1734:10.1038/jid.2011.212
1541:Dermatologic Surgery
1362:Dermatologic Surgery
984:, human recombinant
876:Intentional scarring
627:carbon dioxide laser
4805:Generalized morphea
4643:Zirconium granuloma
4623:Beryllium granuloma
4491:other hypertrophy:
4445:Lichenoid keratosis
4415:Arsenical keratosis
3783:(9671): 1226–1228.
3740:(9671): 1264–1274.
3468:. 17 September 2014
3060:"Laser resurfacing"
2766:. 74 Suppl: S5–12.
2660:on 12 February 2011
2490:2017Sci...355..748P
1422:10.1155/2010/893080
974:ribosomal s6 kinase
871:Society and culture
761:secondary intention
747:Scarring caused by
4825:Linear scleroderma
4638:Silicone granuloma
4534:Granuloma annulare
4205:Granulation tissue
4066:on 9 December 2023
4060:The New York Times
3883:, 14 February 2011
3825:. 27 December 2007
3686:A Latin Dictionary
3439:on 19 January 2012
2383:10.1172/JCI35381R1
1189:Molecular Medicine
1103:. skincareguide.ca
753:
690:Pressure dressings
470:Collagen synthesis
463:that caused them.
413:
334:disorder, such as
310:
245:Hypertrophic scars
240:Hypertrophic scars
203:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5364:
5363:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5146:
5145:
5034:Connective tissue
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4795:Localized morphea
4767:Rowell's syndrome
4691:
4690:
4681:Granuloma faciale
4628:Mercury granuloma
4498:Hypertrophic scar
4480:Warty dyskeratoma
4470:Thermal keratosis
4245:
4244:
4150:
4149:
3976:Stanford Medicine
3862:. 22 January 2008
3542:on 5 October 2016
3293:10.1111/iwj.13566
2484:(6326): 748–752.
2210:(6232): aaa2151,
1821:10.1002/term.2174
1815:(10): 2796–2805.
1727:(11): 2186–2196.
1684:on 5 October 2016
1337:on 26 August 2016
968:Scar free healing
950:for evolution of
854:surgical incision
843:local anaesthetic
788:microdermabrasion
784:laser resurfacing
757:primary intention
600:allergic reaction
586:Filler injections
556:Mechanical stress
519:wound contracture
438:, as well as the
389:placental mammals
387:Humans and other
332:connective tissue
87:
86:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5453:
5275:
5266:
5194:Reticular fibers
5163:Ground substance
5159:
5080:
5071:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5004:
4969:Calcinosis cutis
4850:Lichen sclerosus
4820:Morphea profunda
4708:
4633:Silica granuloma
4522:
4465:Stucco keratosis
4272:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
4107:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4062:. Archived from
4051:
4045:
4044:
4034:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3942:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3728:
3719:
3714:
3705:
3695:
3689:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3535:. Archived from
3502:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3435:. Archived from
3433:"Scar revisions"
3429:
3423:
3422:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3226:
3213:
3212:
3202:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3023:
3017:
3016:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2913:(7): 1379–1389.
2902:
2896:
2895:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2694:(1445): 839–50.
2679:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2654:"What is a Scar"
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2396:Retraction Watch
2375:
2365:
2354:10.1172/JCI35381
2333:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2173:
2153:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2114:(6): 1311–1323.
2099:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1919:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1764:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1712:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1519:
1494:(11): CD000066.
1479:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1459:www.uptodate.com
1451:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1330:. Archived from
1329:
1321:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1273:J Natl Med Assoc
1264:
1258:
1257:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1180:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1141:. Archived from
1122:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1066:
818:and some of its
612:pulsed dye laser
364:, or adolescent
208:fiber elasticity
97:) is an area of
62:
42:
21:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5415:
5387:
5360:
5308:
5249:
5189:Collagen fibers
5175:
5153:
5142:
5125:Wandering cells
5119:
5062:
5036:
5031:
5001:
4992:
4957:
4939:
4901:
4840:
4831:
4780:
4771:
4713:
4712:Cutaneous lupus
4700:
4687:
4667:Other/ungrouped
4662:
4609:
4507:
4475:Viral keratosis
4279:
4276:
4246:
4241:
4230:Intussusception
4186:
4181:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4118:
4101:Wayback Machine
4084:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4053:
4052:
4048:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3900:Chemistry World
3892:
3891:
3887:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3696:
3692:
3680:
3676:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3369:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3228:
3227:
3216:
3185:(9): CD003826.
3172:
3171:
3164:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3092:(4): 1196–201.
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3025:
3024:
3020:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2948:(6): S198–201.
2939:
2938:
2934:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2886:(11): 1355–62.
2877:
2876:
2869:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2409:
2401:
2399:
2376:
2348:(10): 3279–90.
2335:
2334:
2330:
2313:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2267:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2101:
2100:
2087:
2046:"Skin scarring"
2043:
2042:
2038:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1920:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1766:
1765:
1750:
1714:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1195:(1–2): 113–25.
1182:
1181:
1172:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1145:on 20 June 2018
1139:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1039:
970:
964:
916:, which is the
896:
884:
878:
873:
828:
800:
741:
734:
715:
699:
672:
659:
648:
632:
608:
606:Laser treatment
588:
575:
567:
558:
514:
490:
472:
405:
403:Pathophysiology
385:
350:
344:
302:
284:or, sometimes,
268:
262:
242:
236:
195:
82:plastic surgery
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5459:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5428:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5218:
5213:
5206:Elastic fibers
5203:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5185:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5152:Extracellular
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5100:Reticular cell
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5077:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5007:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4786:
4784:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4742:
4741:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4718:
4716:
4705:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4530:
4528:
4519:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4455:PUVA keratosis
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4389:hyperkeratosis
4384:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4237:Vasculogenesis
4234:
4233:
4232:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:Maggot therapy
4197:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4132:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:Classification
4104:
4103:
4091:
4083:
4082:External links
4080:
4078:
4077:
4046:
3988:
3962:
3913:
3885:
3873:
3847:
3836:
3810:
3767:
3720:
3706:
3690:
3674:
3639:
3620:(2): 186–199.
3604:
3569:(3): 414–423.
3553:
3511:(5): 536–540.
3488:
3479:
3453:
3424:
3397:(3): 295–301.
3380:
3367:
3340:(3): 137–145.
3324:
3287:(5): 647–656.
3264:
3214:
3162:
3119:
3076:
3051:
3018:
2975:
2932:
2897:
2867:
2820:
2777:
2750:
2723:
2674:
2645:
2616:
2585:(8): 1017–25.
2562:
2541:(4): 424–426.
2535:Cell Stem Cell
2521:
2464:
2421:
2328:
2282:
2238:
2194:
2143:
2085:
2036:
2020:Britannica.com
1998:
1969:
1962:
1939:
1878:
1844:
1790:
1748:
1698:
1663:
1635:
1609:
1574:
1547:(4): 563–573.
1531:
1471:
1446:
1395:
1368:(9): 857–871.
1352:
1313:
1300:
1259:
1224:
1170:
1137:
1117:
1088:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1035:
963:
960:
934:Middle English
895:
892:
880:Main article:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
862:
846:
836:
827:
824:
799:
796:
792:chemical peels
740:
737:
732:
719:corticosteroid
714:
711:
698:
695:
671:
668:
658:
655:
646:
630:
607:
604:
587:
584:
574:
573:Chemical peels
571:
566:
563:
557:
554:
513:
510:
489:
486:
471:
468:
404:
401:
397:umbilical cord
384:
381:
377:corticosteroid
360:, significant
346:Main article:
343:
340:
327:Staphylococcus
301:
298:
286:body piercings
264:Main article:
261:
258:
238:Main article:
235:
232:
194:
191:
175:scar formation
167:hair follicles
99:fibrous tissue
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5458:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5149:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5005:
4989:
4988:Pseudo-ainhum
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4974:Sclerodactyly
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4915:Kyrle disease
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4714:erythematosus
4709:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4694:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Growth factor
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4184:Wound healing
4178:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3989:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3655:(2): 348–55.
3654:
3650:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:(3): 1091–5.
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:(5): 646–51.
3134:
3130:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2602:11577/2834337
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2447:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1963:9781588905154
1959:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:(3): 186–91.
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1333:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1279:(1): 108–16.
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1144:
1140:
1138:9781893357259
1134:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1072:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Wound healing
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
908:
905:
901:
893:
891:
889:
883:
882:Scarification
875:
870:
866:
865:Microneedling
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
762:
759:, instead of
758:
750:
745:
738:
736:
729:
727:
722:
720:
712:
710:
707:
703:
696:
694:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
669:
667:
664:
656:
654:
652:
651:Triamcinolone
644:
643:microneedling
640:
636:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
572:
570:
564:
562:
555:
553:
551:
545:
543:
542:myofibroblast
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
512:Myofibroblast
511:
509:
507:
502:
499:
495:
487:
485:
482:
477:
469:
467:
464:
462:
458:
453:
450:
447:
445:
444:wound healing
441:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
419:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
373:
371:
367:
366:growth spurts
363:
359:
355:
349:
348:Stretch marks
342:Stretch marks
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
306:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
275:
273:
267:
259:
257:
254:
250:
246:
241:
233:
231:
229:
224:
222:
221:Stretch marks
217:
213:
209:
199:
192:
190:
188:
184:
183:heart failure
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5171:Tissue fluid
5057:
4842:atrophoderma
4728:Panniculitis
4673:
4658:Carbon stain
4549:Subcutaneous
4323:
4225:Angiogenesis
4214:
4134:
4122:
4070:13 September
4068:. Retrieved
4064:the original
4059:
4049:
4006:
4002:
3991:
3981:13 September
3979:. Retrieved
3975:
3965:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3904:. Retrieved
3898:
3888:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3859:
3850:
3839:
3827:. Retrieved
3822:
3813:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3737:
3733:
3704:, on perseus
3701:
3693:
3688:, on Perseus
3685:
3677:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3537:the original
3508:
3504:
3491:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3465:
3456:
3448:
3441:. Retrieved
3437:the original
3427:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3284:
3280:
3234:
3230:
3182:
3178:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3043:, retrieved
3031:
3021:
2991:(2): 54–62.
2988:
2984:
2978:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2883:
2879:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2793:(5): 311–5.
2790:
2786:
2780:
2763:
2753:
2736:
2726:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2669:
2662:. Retrieved
2658:the original
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2633:statnews.com
2632:
2582:
2578:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2445:
2438:. Retrieved
2410:{{
2402:{{
2395:
2393:,
2345:
2341:
2331:
2308:
2301:. Retrieved
2262:
2255:. Retrieved
2207:
2203:
2197:
2161:
2157:
2111:
2107:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2030:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
1993:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:the original
1972:
1952:
1924:cite journal
1894:(1): 37–42.
1891:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1812:
1808:
1776:
1772:
1724:
1720:
1693:
1686:. Retrieved
1679:the original
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1491:
1487:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1339:. Retrieved
1332:the original
1308:
1303:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1240:(2): 71–76.
1237:
1233:
1227:
1192:
1188:
1149:19 September
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1127:
1120:
1112:
1105:. Retrieved
1082:
1075:. Retrieved
1020:
1004:
998:
992:
990:
971:
955:
951:
943:
936:
925:
918:Latinisation
913:
906:
899:
897:
885:
839:Dermabrasion
801:
770:
769:
765:
754:
730:
723:
716:
700:
688:
673:
663:radiotherapy
660:
657:Radiotherapy
639:dermabrasion
624:
609:
589:
576:
568:
559:
546:
539:
527:keratinocyte
515:
503:
491:
473:
465:
454:
451:
448:
436:inflammation
433:
426:
414:
386:
374:
353:
351:
325:
311:
279:
276:
269:
253:Hypertrophic
243:
234:Hypertrophic
225:
212:hypertrophic
204:
163:sweat glands
147:
143:regeneration
111:wound repair
94:
90:
88:
36:
5393:Specialized
5383:Mesenchymal
5354:Aponeurosis
5105:Tendon cell
5067:Composition
5048:Soft tissue
4907:Perforating
4777:Scleroderma
4745:ungrouped:
4648:Soot tattoo
4544:Generalized
4539:Perforating
4513:Necrobiosis
4293:keratoderma
3064:Mayo Clinic
1656:25 November
1628:25 November
1622:Smithsonian
1590:(1): 1–15.
1023:verteporfin
978:osteopontin
976:(RSK), and
948:Scarborough
550:hypertrophy
531:basal layer
506:Engrailed-1
488:Fibroblasts
429:endometrium
362:weight gain
95:scar tissue
78:Dermatology
50:Other names
5430:Categories
5138:Macrophage
5115:Melanocyte
5090:Fibroblast
5041:Physiology
4945:Skin ulcer
4855:Anetoderma
4721:chronic:
4701:localized
3777:The Lancet
3734:The Lancet
3546:30 January
3443:16 October
3032:StatPearls
2264:phenotype.
2164:(2): 617,
1688:6 February
1624:. May 2012
1341:11 January
1107:31 January
1084:direction.
1054:References
1031:fibroblast
911:Late Latin
904:Old French
812:dermatitis
676:meta-study
494:fibroblast
440:fibroblast
434:Prolonged
322:chickenpox
18:Cicatrices
5401:Cartilage
5370:Embryonic
5327:Submucosa
5287:Reticular
5216:Fibrillin
5133:Mast cell
5110:Adipocyte
5095:Fibrocyte
4762:Verrucous
4747:Chilblain
4517:granuloma
4340:keratosis
4325:psoriasis
4220:Stem cell
4023:0036-8075
3957:244827273
3949:2096-6911
3829:1 January
3583:1076-0512
3301:1742-4801
2815:260136591
2664:25 August
2412:retracted
2404:retracted
2032:tissue...
1508:1469-493X
1159:cite book
1077:20 August
1011:-derived
941:Old Norse
894:Etymology
816:Vitamin C
804:vitamin E
771:Subcision
702:Verapamil
565:Treatment
535:epidermis
422:rete pegs
418:hair loss
383:Umbilical
375:Elevated
358:pregnancy
290:shoulders
272:neoplasms
105:after an
73:Specialty
5436:Scarring
5344:Ligament
5083:Resident
5058:Scarring
5053:Fibrosis
4837:Atrophic
4739:Neonatal
4735:subacute
4195:Fibrosis
4097:Archived
4041:33888614
4009:(6540).
3860:BBC News
3823:BBC News
3805:10236414
3797:19362658
3762:35671002
3754:19362676
3669:26549251
3634:35227556
3591:22093081
3533:23900892
3525:23027221
3419:33614354
3411:27888448
3354:18611924
3319:33733593
3251:17312518
3209:24030657
3157:43820233
3149:20354695
3114:25294698
3106:19935303
3040:32491406
3013:11520661
3005:21401378
2970:47573176
2962:24835874
2927:28784339
2892:21061757
2862:32471639
2854:16936549
2807:20024872
2772:18688104
2745:18688101
2718:15293811
2611:24888226
2557:28388424
2516:28059714
2453:cite web
2440:26 March
2391:19043845
2372:18802478
2317:cite web
2303:26 March
2271:cite web
2257:26 March
2234:25883361
2190:31963533
2138:18086923
2080:12521975
2025:19 April
1916:37823718
1870:15740645
1839:27296503
1785:17586870
1743:21776006
1604:16384751
1561:19400881
1526:23152199
1517:10001689
1441:20981308
1415:: 1–13.
1390:25244676
1382:10971560
1295:14746360
1254:19608056
1219:20927486
1037:See also
1016:hydrogel
1005:in vitro
1000:in vitro
962:Research
924:ἐσχάρα (
907:escharre
888:body art
798:Vitamins
779:glabella
713:Steroids
620:Er:Glass
596:atrophic
592:collagen
498:collagen
481:collagen
300:Atrophic
249:collagen
154:fibrosis
150:collagen
131:accident
53:Cicatrix
5441:Healing
5292:Adipose
5243:Elaunin
5238:EMILIN1
5211:Elastin
4782:Morphea
4723:Discoid
4141:D002921
4131:: L90.5
4032:9008875
4003:Science
3906:18 June
3682:eschara
3599:1018590
3472:24 June
3362:9577277
3310:8450805
3259:2756632
3200:7156908
3069:21 July
3045:21 July
2709:1693363
2507:5464786
2486:Bibcode
2478:Science
2363:2542848
2225:5088503
2204:Science
2181:7014275
2129:2140013
2071:5398751
1988:30 June
1908:8720985
1830:5697650
1569:7887237
1464:15 June
1432:2958495
1286:2594768
1210:3022978
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