2386:
414:
2393:
3776:
1630:
3337:
3342:
146:
2379:
1624:
1618:
3836:
573:, which includes a diverse array of shorebirds. However, since all species are known only from parts of the shoulder girdle and wing bone fragments, this classification is tentative, and a phylogenetic analysis failed to resolve the exact relationships of the many fragmentary Lancian-age bird species. Agnolin looked at anatomical similarities between the various species' coracoid bones, and concluded that
3782:
125:
507:. In a 2009 review, Nicholas Longrich synonymized them as the same species, dismissing the size difference as possibly based on sex or growth stage. However, Longrich reversed his position following a 2011 analysis of Lancian birds, in which he and co-authors considered all four named species to be distinct.
440:. It is known almost exclusively from a number of coracoids (a bone in the shoulder girdle). These have a distinct enough anatomy, however, to allow it to be distinguished from other birds, and even for distinct species to be recognized. The first such coracoid to be found (specimen number
474:
has changed over the years, and many species once thought to belong to this genus have been reclassified or deemed indeterminate. As of a re-evaluation of the fossil remains in 2002 by Sylvia Hope, at most five species were recognized:
703:
Tokaryk, T.T. and James, P.C. 1989. Cimolopteryx sp. (Aves: Charadriiformes) from the
Frenchman Formation (Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 26, p. 2729-2730.
2385:
3965:
554:
or a different genus. In 2011, Longrich concluded that it was probably distinct, but did not name a new genus for it. Several collections of material that is similar to
3901:
452:
in the footnote of an 1889 paper, but it was not validly described by him until 1892. Marsh also described a second species in the same paper, which he named
3975:
3960:
558:
were referred to by Hope as undetermined species, which lack enough unique characteristics to be properly identified, and these may or may not belong to
3888:
3970:
776:
525:. An additional species from the much earlier Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta has also since been re-evaluated as a probable species of
712:
Longrich, N. (2009). "An ornithurine-dominated avifauna from the Belly River Group (Campanian, Upper
Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada."
499:
were considered almost identical, and found in the same environments (the Lance and
Frenchman formations), but differed in size, with
1629:
445:
441:
3775:
3336:
2392:
614:
Longrich, N.R., Tokaryk, T. and Field, D.J. (2011). "Mass extinction of birds at the
Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary."
2378:
145:
3341:
736:
1623:
1569:
769:
1922:
867:
679:
1617:
666:
Hope, S. (2002). "The
Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes." Pp. 339-388 in Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L. (eds.),
3461:
2326:
642:
413:
3856:
3839:
3438:
3382:
3955:
3927:
3698:
1948:
1513:
449:
262:
3669:
3781:
762:
382:
2730:
2225:
2091:
1726:
458:
398:
3726:
2858:
2807:
2454:
2194:
1417:
894:
140:
2635:
2555:
3932:
3626:
3010:
3914:
3906:
3578:
2837:
2565:
2080:
1865:
1469:
836:
3919:
3809:
3734:
3676:
3269:
3160:
2867:
2545:
2269:
2248:
1558:
1492:
1399:
1036:
623:
588:
242:
3756:
3749:
3712:
3633:
3617:
3197:
3169:
2816:
2444:
2303:
2234:
2106:
2069:
1911:
1896:
1815:
1771:
1750:
1527:
1406:
1363:
1188:
1119:
852:
570:
364:
350:
37:
3799:
3741:
3705:
3602:
3534:
3509:
3482:
3450:
3094:
3064:
2929:
2768:
2686:
2575:
2315:
2241:
2204:
1702:
1499:
1258:
1154:
1093:
1072:
3949:
3819:
3814:
3683:
3543:
3427:
3371:
3050:
2969:
2913:
2883:
2830:
2823:
2709:
2700:
2484:
2464:
2007:
1996:
1882:
1851:
1808:
1757:
1743:
1437:
1169:
1147:
1132:
1050:
640:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
521:
by
Federico Agnolin in 2010, based on their similarity to the South American species
456:, but this has since been recognized as a different kind of bird and reclassified as
422:
372:
75:
20:
3829:
3691:
3418:
3292:
3224:
3142:
2875:
2754:
2666:
2615:
2585:
2534:
2474:
2292:
2145:
2130:
2115:
2049:
1937:
1889:
1801:
1691:
1546:
1506:
1485:
1478:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1391:
1376:
1312:
1269:
1230:
1100:
1079:
1010:
988:
550:, but not enough of its anatomy is known to confidently determine if it belongs to
517:
402:
271:
3654:
3564:
3499:
3240:
3190:
3121:
3073:
2898:
2844:
2792:
2739:
2625:
2595:
2514:
2278:
2028:
2018:
1681:
1520:
1285:
1244:
1215:
1208:
1176:
1086:
1020:
960:
947:
906:
785:
50:
3879:
3719:
3587:
3394:
3278:
3248:
3215:
3183:
3149:
3135:
3128:
2952:
2922:
2716:
2676:
2605:
2494:
2423:
2410:
2338:
2285:
2161:
2138:
2123:
2059:
1986:
1874:
1844:
1837:
1780:
1736:
1430:
1319:
1303:
1292:
1251:
1237:
1201:
1162:
1140:
583:
426:
203:
95:
60:
3824:
3804:
3640:
3595:
3557:
3550:
3107:
3040:
3020:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2784:
2777:
2746:
2211:
2038:
1830:
1712:
1384:
1326:
1278:
1222:
1108:
977:
879:
827:
627:
436:
was a fairly small bird, with a maximum size about equal to that of a small
216:
157:
100:
44:
124:
3873:
3647:
3519:
3176:
3114:
2936:
2890:
2504:
2255:
2179:
1823:
1787:
1333:
1065:
818:
809:
394:
190:
177:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
3893:
3661:
3407:
3255:
3080:
2655:
1965:
1794:
1660:
1647:
1581:
390:
386:
368:
229:
105:
80:
3232:
3030:
2645:
2524:
999:
803:
737:"An avian coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina"
167:
3850:
1057:
412:
375:
age, which ended about 66 million years ago. The dubious species "
353:
Period. It is currently thought to contain only a single species,
346:
3359:
3304:
437:
343:
3854:
3357:
2408:
1645:
945:
796:
758:
754:
448:) was first mentioned and informally named by paleontologist
470:
The classification of various species assigned to the genus
381:
has been described from both the Lance
Formation and the
3614:
3575:
3531:
3515:
3505:
3495:
3266:
3212:
3091:
3061:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2965:
2910:
2855:
2804:
2765:
2727:
2697:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2312:
2266:
2222:
2191:
2174:
2103:
2087:
2076:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2003:
1992:
1982:
1934:
1908:
1862:
1768:
1723:
1708:
1698:
1687:
1677:
1555:
1360:
1033:
1016:
1006:
995:
984:
973:
314:
301:
278:
3863:
3613:
3574:
3530:
3480:
3449:
3426:
3417:
3393:
3370:
3303:
3265:
3211:
3159:
3090:
3060:
2950:
2909:
2854:
2803:
2764:
2726:
2696:
2421:
2337:
2311:
2302:
2265:
2221:
2190:
2159:
2102:
1963:
1933:
1907:
1861:
1767:
1722:
1658:
1580:
1554:
1545:
1468:
1416:
1359:
1302:
1268:
1187:
1118:
1031:
958:
905:
878:
851:
610:
608:
606:
604:
616:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
730:
728:
726:
359:. The only specimen confidently attributed to
770:
668:Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs.
342:(meaning "Cretaceous wing") is a prehistoric
8:
569:as a likely member of the modern bird group
3966:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
3851:
3488:
3423:
3399:
3367:
3354:
3099:
2958:
2433:
2429:
2418:
2405:
2308:
2167:
1975:
1971:
1670:
1666:
1655:
1642:
1551:
1422:
1368:
1356:
1193:
1124:
1042:
966:
955:
942:
884:
857:
848:
793:
777:
763:
755:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
123:
27:
421:species (lower right) compared to other
600:
405:has also been attributed to the genus.
581:could be grouped together, along with
643:Winter 2010 Supplementary Information
7:
3976:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
680:"Fossilworks: Cimolopteryx maxima"
515:were transferred to the new genus
14:
3961:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
446:Peabody Museum of Natural History
3835:
3834:
3780:
3774:
3340:
3335:
2391:
2384:
2377:
1628:
1622:
1616:
444:1845, in the collections of the
144:
741:Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia
491:, and one yet-unnamed species.
1:
3971:Fossil taxa described in 1892
735:Federico L. Agnolin (2010).
638:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008)
587:, in a distinct family, the
546:was about twice the size of
371:, dating to the end of the
3992:
466:Classification and species
18:
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3794:
3772:
3491:
3402:
3366:
3353:
3333:
3102:
2961:
2436:
2432:
2417:
2404:
2375:
2170:
1978:
1974:
1673:
1669:
1654:
1641:
1614:
1425:
1371:
1355:
1196:
1127:
1045:
969:
954:
941:
887:
860:
847:
792:
298:
293:
277:
270:
141:Scientific classification
139:
131:
122:
30:
19:Not to be confused with
628:10.1073/pnas.1110395108
409:Description and history
430:
3928:Paleobiology Database
1514:Paralitherizinosaurus
450:Othniel Charles Marsh
416:
383:Hell Creek Formation
378:Cimolopteryx" maxima
2731:Patagopterygiformes
2226:Confuciusornithidae
2092:Scansoriopterygidae
1727:Scansoriopterygidae
714:Cretaceous Research
622:(37): 15253-15257.
459:Palintropus retusus
454:Cimolopteryx retusa
399:Frenchman Formation
2859:Songlingornithidae
2808:Hongshanornithidae
2195:Omnivoropterygidae
2107:Jeholornithiformes
1418:Therizinosauroidea
431:
3943:
3942:
3915:Open Tree of Life
3857:Taxon identifiers
3848:
3847:
3790:
3789:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3670:Lutetodontopteris
3579:Gastornithiformes
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3360:Aves / Neornithes
3349:
3348:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3305:Aves / Neornithes
3207:
3206:
2946:
2945:
2838:Parahongshanornis
2400:
2399:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2155:
2154:
2081:Archaeopterygidae
1959:
1958:
1866:Archaeopterygidae
1637:
1636:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1470:Therizinosauridae
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
837:Maniraptoriformes
477:Cimolopteryx rara
363:was found in the
356:Cimolopteryx rara
335:
334:
329:
311:
283:Cimolopteryx rara
266:
132:Left coracoid of
3983:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3852:
3838:
3837:
3810:Deinonychosauria
3785:
3784:
3778:
3735:Protodontopteryx
3677:Macrodontopteryx
3616:
3577:
3533:
3517:
3507:
3497:
3489:
3424:
3400:
3368:
3355:
3344:
3339:
3270:Cimolopterygidae
3268:
3214:
3161:Hesperornithidae
3100:
3093:
3063:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2967:
2959:
2912:
2857:
2806:
2767:
2729:
2699:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2419:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2314:
2309:
2270:Jinguofortisidae
2268:
2249:Eoconfuciusornis
2224:
2193:
2176:
2168:
2105:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2036:
2026:
2016:
2005:
1994:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1936:
1910:
1864:
1770:
1725:
1710:
1700:
1689:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1656:
1643:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1570:Oviraptorosauria
1559:Oviraptorosauria
1557:
1552:
1493:Nanshiungosaurus
1423:
1400:Jianchangosaurus
1369:
1362:
1357:
1194:
1125:
1043:
1037:Alvarezsauroidea
1035:
1018:
1008:
997:
986:
975:
967:
956:
943:
885:
858:
849:
842:
841:
794:
779:
772:
765:
756:
749:
748:
732:
721:
710:
704:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
676:
670:
664:
645:
636:
630:
612:
589:Cimolopterygidae
327:
316:
309:
303:
280:
261:
254:
243:Cimolopterygidae
241:
149:
148:
127:
117:
47:
36:Temporal range:
28:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3859:
3849:
3844:
3786:
3779:
3762:
3757:Tympanonesiotes
3750:Pseudodontornis
3713:Palaeochenoides
3634:Caspiodontornis
3618:Pelagornithidae
3609:
3570:
3526:
3468:
3445:
3413:
3389:
3362:
3345:
3319:
3299:
3261:
3203:
3198:Parahesperornis
3170:Asiahesperornis
3155:
3086:
3056:
2955:
2942:
2905:
2850:
2817:Archaeornithura
2799:
2760:
2722:
2692:
2445:Archaeorhynchus
2426:
2413:
2396:
2383:
2353:
2333:
2304:Ornithothoraces
2298:
2261:
2235:Changchengornis
2217:
2186:
2164:
2151:
2098:
2070:Anchiornithidae
1968:
1955:
1929:
1923:Dromaeosauridae
1912:Dromaeosauridae
1903:
1897:Anchiornithidae
1857:
1816:Liaoningvenator
1772:Anchiornithidae
1763:
1751:Scansoriopteryx
1718:
1663:
1650:
1633:
1596:
1576:
1533:
1528:Therizinosaurus
1464:
1412:
1407:Lingyuanosaurus
1364:Therizinosauria
1339:
1298:
1264:
1189:Parvicursorinae
1183:
1120:Alvarezsauridae
1114:
1039:
1027:
963:
950:
921:
901:
874:
868:Avemetatarsalia
853:Avemetatarsalia
843:
799:
798:
788:
783:
753:
752:
734:
733:
724:
711:
707:
702:
698:
688:
686:
684:fossilworks.org
678:
677:
673:
665:
648:
637:
633:
613:
602:
597:
571:Charadriiformes
468:
411:
365:Lance Formation
351:Late Cretaceous
289:
286:
260:
252:
239:
143:
118:
116:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:Late Cretaceous
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3924:
3911:
3898:
3885:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Archaeornithes
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3742:Protopelicanus
3738:
3731:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3706:Osteodontornis
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:Dromornithidae
3599:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3537:
3535:Dromornithidae
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3510:Perplexicervix
3503:
3492:
3486:
3483:Incertae sedis
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:Pangalliformes
3455:
3453:
3451:Pangalliformes
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3095:Hesperornithes
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3067:
3065:Ichthyornithes
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3024:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2930:Similiyanornis
2926:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2771:
2769:Ambiortiformes
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2687:Zhongjianornis
2680:
2670:
2660:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2576:Jianchangornis
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:Enantiornithes
2320:
2318:
2316:Enantiornithes
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2242:Confuciusornis
2238:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2205:Omnivoropteryx
2200:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2171:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2074:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2001:
1990:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1703:Pneumatoraptor
1696:
1685:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1500:Neimongosaurus
1496:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1259:Trierarchuncus
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1155:Bonapartenykus
1151:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1094:Shishugounykus
1090:
1083:
1076:
1073:Bonapartenykus
1069:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1014:
1004:
993:
982:
970:
964:
959:
952:
951:
946:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
920:
919:
918:
917:
911:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
898:
897:
888:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
871:
870:
861:
855:
845:
844:
840:
839:
830:
821:
812:
806:
797:
790:
789:
784:
782:
781:
774:
767:
759:
751:
750:
722:
705:
696:
671:
646:
631:
599:
598:
596:
593:
565:Hope regarded
467:
464:
410:
407:
393:end of a left
333:
332:
331:
330:
328:Brodkorb, 1963
312:
296:
295:
291:
290:
287:
275:
274:
268:
267:
250:
246:
245:
237:
233:
232:
227:
220:
219:
214:
207:
206:
201:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
129:
128:
120:
119:
111:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3841:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Odontornithes
3818:
3816:
3815:Odontognathae
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3783:
3777:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3544:Barawertornis
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3439:Anserimorphae
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3428:Anserimorphae
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3383:Palaeognathae
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3372:Palaeognathae
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3343:
3338:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3051:Tingmiatornis
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:Antarcticavis
2964:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2914:Yanornithidae
2908:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2884:Songlingornis
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:Longicrusavis
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:Hongshanornis
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:Mengciusornis
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2701:Schizoouridae
2695:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:Changzuiornis
2479:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:Brevidentavis
2459:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:Cretaaviculus
2002:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:Archaeopteryx
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1852:Yixianosaurus
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:Fujianvenator
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:Epidexipteryx
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1438:Beipiaosaurus
1435:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:Heptasteornis
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1148:Alvarezsaurus
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:Achillesaurus
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:Achillesaurus
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
990:
983:
980:
979:
972:
971:
968:
965:
962:
957:
953:
949:
944:
940:
915:
914:
913:
912:
910:
908:
904:
896:
892:
891:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:
877:
869:
865:
864:
863:
862:
859:
856:
854:
850:
846:
838:
834:
831:
829:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
811:
807:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
780:
775:
773:
768:
766:
761:
760:
757:
746:
742:
738:
731:
729:
727:
723:
720:(1): 161-177.
719:
715:
709:
706:
700:
697:
685:
681:
675:
672:
669:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
647:
644:
641:
635:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
611:
609:
607:
605:
601:
594:
592:
590:
586:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
540:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
503:smaller than
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
465:
463:
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:, and a human
428:
424:
423:Maastrichtian
420:
415:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
373:Maastrichtian
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
352:
348:
345:
341:
340:
326:
325:
321:
313:
308:
307:
300:
299:
297:
292:
285:
284:
276:
273:
269:
264:
259:
258:
251:
248:
247:
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
135:
130:
126:
121:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
39:
33:
29:
26:
22:
21:Cimoliopterus
3956:Euornitheans
3865:Cimolopteryx
3864:
3830:Unenlagiidae
3755:
3748:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3692:Odontopteryx
3690:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3481:
3419:Galloanserae
3406:
3293:Lamarqueavis
3291:
3286:Cimolopteryx
3285:
3284:
3277:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3225:Australornis
3223:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3148:
3143:Pasquiaornis
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3079:
3072:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2968:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2897:
2889:
2882:
2876:Piscivoravis
2874:
2866:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2791:
2783:
2776:
2755:Patagopteryx
2753:
2745:
2738:
2715:
2708:
2685:
2675:
2667:Xinghaiornis
2665:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2616:Khinganornis
2614:
2604:
2594:
2586:Jiuquanornis
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2535:Gargantuavis
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2475:Changmaornis
2473:
2463:
2453:
2443:
2382:
2293:Jinguofortis
2291:
2284:
2277:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2210:
2203:
2177:
2146:Neimengornis
2144:
2137:
2131:Jixiangornis
2129:
2122:
2116:Dalianraptor
2114:
2090:
2079:
2068:
2058:
2050:Yandangornis
2048:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1985:
1949:Troodontidae
1938:Troodontidae
1895:
1890:Wellnhoferia
1888:
1881:
1873:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1802:Eosinopteryx
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1711:
1701:
1692:Palaeopteryx
1690:
1680:
1621:
1547:Pennaraptora
1526:
1519:
1512:
1507:Nothronychus
1505:
1498:
1491:
1486:Erlikosaurus
1484:
1479:Erliansaurus
1477:
1459:Suzhousaurus
1457:
1452:Martharaptor
1450:
1445:Enigmosaurus
1443:
1436:
1429:
1405:
1398:
1392:Fukuivenator
1390:
1383:
1377:Eshanosaurus
1375:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1313:Albertonykus
1311:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:Ceratonykini
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1231:Nemegtonykus
1229:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1107:
1101:Tugulusaurus
1099:
1092:
1085:
1080:Haplocheirus
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1019:
1011:Migmanychion
1009:
998:
989:Fukuivenator
987:
976:
832:
823:
814:
747:(2): 99–119.
744:
740:
717:
713:
708:
699:
687:. Retrieved
683:
674:
667:
639:
634:
619:
615:
582:
579:Lamarqueavis
578:
575:Cimolopteryx
574:
567:Cimolopteryx
566:
564:
560:Cimolopteryx
559:
556:Cimolopteryx
555:
552:Cimolopteryx
551:
547:
542:
539:Cimolopteryx
538:
536:
535:
531:Cimolopteryx
530:
529:rather than
527:Lamarqueavis
526:
523:L. australis
522:
518:Lamarqueavis
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:Cimolopteryx
471:
469:
457:
453:
434:Cimolopteryx
433:
432:
419:Cimolopteryx
418:
403:Saskatchewan
401:of southern
377:
376:
360:
355:
354:
339:Cimolopteryx
338:
337:
336:
323:
319:
317:
305:
304:
282:
281:
272:Type species
257:Cimolopteryx
256:
255:
223:
210:
197:
184:
133:
32:Cimolopteryx
31:
25:
3727:Proceriavis
3699:Odontoptila
3655:Gigantornis
3565:Ilbandornis
3500:Asteriornis
3241:Neogaeornis
3191:Hesperornis
3122:Chupkaornis
3074:Ichthyornis
2899:Yixianornis
2845:Tianyuornis
2793:Palintropus
2740:Alamitornis
2626:Meemannavis
2596:Juehuaornis
2515:Eogranivora
2455:Bellulornis
2279:Chongmingia
2029:Overoraptor
2019:Fukuipteryx
1682:Imperobator
1521:Segnosaurus
1286:Ceratonykus
1245:Parvicursor
1216:Khulsanurus
1209:Jaculinykus
1177:Patagonykus
1087:Patagonykus
1021:Yaverlandia
961:Maniraptora
948:Maniraptora
907:Maniraptora
786:Maniraptora
689:17 December
310:Marsh, 1892
288:Marsh, 1892
43:68–66
3950:Categories
3798:See also:
3720:Pelagornis
3588:Brontornis
3395:Neognathae
3314:see below↓
3279:Ceramornis
3249:Polarornis
3216:Vegaviidae
3184:Fumicollis
3150:Potamornis
3136:Judinornis
3129:Enaliornis
2953:Ornithurae
2923:Abitusavis
2717:Schizooura
2677:Yumenornis
2636:Platanavis
2606:Kaririavis
2556:Horezmavis
2495:Chaoyangia
2424:Euornithes
2411:Euornithes
2348:see below↓
2339:Euornithes
2286:Cratonavis
2162:Pygostylia
2139:Kompsornis
2124:Jeholornis
2060:Zhongornis
1987:Alcmonavis
1875:Alcmonavis
1845:Xiaotingia
1838:Serikornis
1781:Anchiornis
1737:Ambopteryx
1591:see below↓
1431:Alxasaurus
1320:Linhenykus
1304:Mononykini
1293:Xixianykus
1252:Qiupanykus
1238:Ondogurvel
1202:Dzharaonyx
1163:Bradycneme
1141:Alnashetri
916:see below↓
819:Dinosauria
595:References
584:Ceramornis
427:pterosaurs
204:Saurischia
191:Dinosauria
3825:Sauriurae
3805:Carinatae
3641:Cyphornis
3627:Aequornis
3596:Gastornis
3558:Genyornis
3551:Dromornis
3108:Baptornis
3041:Limenavis
3021:Iaceornis
3011:Guildavis
3001:Gallornis
2991:Cerebavis
2981:Apatornis
2785:Apsaravis
2778:Ambiortus
2747:Kuszholia
2212:Sapeornis
2039:Rahonavis
1831:Pedopenna
1713:Rahonavis
1385:Falcarius
1327:Mononykus
1279:Albinykus
1109:Xiyunykus
978:Elopteryx
895:Theropoda
880:Theropoda
828:Theropoda
802:Kingdom:
509:C. minima
489:C. minima
485:C. maxima
397:from the
349:from the
217:Theropoda
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
3880:Q5120156
3874:Wikidata
3840:Category
3648:Dasornis
3520:Qinornis
3177:Canadaga
3115:Brodavis
2937:Yanornis
2891:Yanornis
2868:Hollanda
2566:Iteravis
2546:Hollanda
2505:Dingavis
2256:Yangavis
2180:Proornis
1824:Ostromia
1788:Aurornis
1334:Shuvuuia
1066:Bannykus
810:Chordata
808:Phylum:
804:Animalia
513:C. petra
501:C. petra
497:C. petra
481:C. petra
417:Size of
395:coracoid
294:Species
236:Family:
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
3920:4132077
3907:1233957
3894:4849637
3662:Laornis
3408:Neoaves
3256:Vegavis
3081:Janavis
2656:Wyleyia
1966:Avialae
1795:Caihong
1661:Paraves
1648:Paraves
1582:Paraves
548:C. rara
505:C. rara
493:C. rara
425:birds,
391:humeral
389:. The
387:Montana
369:Wyoming
361:C. rara
306:C. rara
249:Genus:
230:Avialae
134:C. rara
112:↓
3233:Maaqwi
3031:Kookne
2646:Vorona
2525:Gansus
1997:Balaur
1000:Kakuru
543:maxima
324:maxima
265:, 1892
3933:54249
3902:IRMNG
1058:Aorun
833:Clade
824:Clade
815:Clade
347:genus
263:Marsh
224:Clade
211:Clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
3889:GBIF
3684:Manu
3460:see
3437:see
3381:see
2325:see
1947:see
1921:see
1568:see
893:see
866:see
691:2021
577:and
511:and
495:and
438:gull
344:bird
51:PreꞒ
1223:Kol
624:doi
620:108
442:YMP
385:of
367:of
3952::
3930::
3917::
3904::
3891::
3876::
1758:Yi
835::
826::
817::
745:46
743:.
739:.
725:^
718:30
716:,
682:.
649:^
618:,
603:^
591:.
562:.
541:"
533:.
487:,
483:,
479:,
462:.
322:"
320:C.
226::
213::
200::
187::
101:Pg
45:Ma
40:,
3745:?
3730:?
3687:?
3665:?
3615:†
3606:?
3591:?
3576:†
3532:†
3523:?
3516:†
3506:†
3496:†
3296:?
3267:†
3244:?
3236:?
3228:?
3213:†
3092:†
3062:†
3047:†
3037:†
3027:†
3017:†
3007:†
2997:†
2987:†
2977:†
2973:?
2966:†
2911:†
2902:?
2894:?
2879:?
2871:?
2856:†
2805:†
2796:?
2788:?
2766:†
2750:?
2728:†
2698:†
2683:†
2673:†
2663:†
2659:?
2652:†
2642:†
2632:†
2622:†
2612:†
2602:†
2592:†
2582:†
2572:†
2562:†
2552:†
2542:†
2538:?
2531:†
2521:†
2511:†
2501:†
2491:†
2481:†
2471:†
2461:†
2451:†
2441:†
2313:†
2267:†
2223:†
2197:?
2192:†
2182:"
2178:"
2175:†
2134:?
2119:?
2104:†
2095:?
2088:†
2084:?
2077:†
2073:?
2066:†
2056:†
2046:†
2042:?
2035:†
2025:†
2015:†
2011:?
2004:†
2000:?
1993:†
1983:†
1935:†
1909:†
1900:?
1878:?
1863:†
1819:?
1769:†
1729:?
1724:†
1709:†
1699:†
1695:?
1688:†
1678:†
1556:†
1395:?
1380:?
1361:†
1226:?
1180:?
1158:?
1136:?
1104:?
1061:?
1034:†
1024:?
1017:†
1007:†
1003:?
996:†
992:?
985:†
981:?
974:†
778:e
771:t
764:v
693:.
626::
537:"
318:"
315:†
302:†
279:†
253:†
240:†
106:N
96:K
91:J
86:T
81:P
76:C
71:D
66:S
61:O
56:Ꞓ
23:.
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