734:. Twigs, leaves and berries (seeds) are crushed to make cinnamon oil, a less valuable byproduct. The inner bark of the branches is loosened by being rubbed with a brass rod. The bark is then split with a brass or stainless-steel knife and peeled off as intact as possible. Long, full 'quills' of cinnamon are more valuable than broken pieces. These quills are then dried over several days in the shade, then in darkness. All this work is done by hand by experienced workers; this is the most expensive part of producing cinnamon spice. Finally, the dried bark is cut into sticks or ground into powder for sale to consumers.
829:
797:
85:
813:
60:
1290:
33:
1276:
765:
These groups are further divided into specific grades. For example, Mexican is divided into M00000 special, M000000 and M0000, depending on quill diameter and number of quills per kilogram. Any pieces of bark less than 106 mm (4.2 in) long are categorized as quillings. Featherings are the
729:
The trees grow as leafy bushes, usually reaching a maximum of 3 m (10 ft) in height. They are first harvested at 3 years old and continue producing well for 40β50 years. Small side branches, 1.5β5 cm (0.5-2 in) in diameter, are removed from the trees. The outer bark is removed and
973:) native to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the neighboring Malabar coast of India, and Myanmar (Burma), and also cultivated in South America and the West Indies for the spice consisting of its dried inner bark. The bark is widely used as a
905:
Suriyagoda, Lalith; Mohotti, Anoma Janaki; Vidanarachchi, Janak K.; Kodithuwakku, Suranga P.; Chathurika, Madushani; Bandaranayake, Pradeepa C. G.; Hetherington, Alistair M.; Beneragama, Chalinda K. (July 2021).
1155:
1212:
Frydman-Marom, Anat; Levin, Aviad; Farfara, Dorit; Benromano, Tali; Scherzer-Attali, Roni; Peled, Sivan; Vassar, Robert; Segal, Daniel; Gazit, Ehud; Frenkel, Dan; Ovadia, Michael (2011).
1185:
1042:
1521:
1586:
1159:
828:
1728:
1443:
1547:
1469:
766:
inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots. Chips are trimmings of quills, outer and inner bark that cannot be separated, or the bark of small twigs.
1214:"Orally Administrated Cinnamon Extract Reduces Ξ²-Amyloid Oligomerization and Corrects Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Animal Models"
1661:
1482:
1098:
1024:
1738:
796:
1748:
1456:
1050:
812:
1508:
1565:
1552:
1190:
1743:
1534:
1280:
84:
1674:
1591:
1560:
1679:
1430:
1487:
1435:
1422:
1417:
1308:
782:
188:
1474:
1346:
1294:
989:
1601:
1391:
1225:
932:
875:
775:
1733:
1635:
204:
49:
1578:
1700:
1666:
945:
212:
79:
64:
1383:
1106:
1526:
1640:
1622:
1365:
1253:
1012:
937:
586:
1627:
1243:
1233:
1137:
927:
919:
677:
1609:
122:
907:
1653:
1229:
1648:
1248:
1213:
990:"Medicinal Spices Exhibit - UCLA Biomedical Library: History & Special Collections"
109:
1722:
949:
857:
69:
1705:
1461:
1370:
743:
606:
1357:
1238:
645:'s former name, Ceylon. Sri Lanka still produces 80β90% of the world's supply of
1573:
1495:
1340:
1072:
32:
1289:
685:
654:
650:
165:
135:
1331:
1141:
941:
1404:
970:
969:(species Cinnamomum zeylanicum), bushy evergreen tree of the laurel family (
748:
The Sri Lankan grading system divides the cinnamon quills into four groups:
642:
577:
573:
566:
155:
1692:
1539:
1257:
1614:
1275:
1687:
1325:
697:
658:
581:
145:
1180:
1448:
1378:
923:
673:
614:
1500:
665:
610:
1302:
1013:
Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon Tree PFAF Plant Database
580:. The inner bark of the tree is historically regarded as the spice
1513:
1409:
974:
731:
681:
622:
618:
96:
626:
602:
569:
1396:
1306:
1073:"International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview"
785:
through the reduction of the oligomerization of beta-amyloid.
781:
Preliminary studies show that cinnamon could slow symptoms of
1158:. Sri Lanka: Department of Export Agriculture. Archived from
1043:"True cinnamon is pricey, but is there an honest difference?"
755:
Continental, less than 16 mm (0.63 in) in diameter
1130:
609:-oblong in shape and 7β18 cm (3β7 in) long. The
1079:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1186:
758:
Mexican, less than 19 mm (0.75 in) in diameter
649:, which is also cultivated on a commercial scale in the
761:
Hamburg, less than 32 mm (1.3 in) in diameter
752:
Alba, less than 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter
584:, though this term was later generalized to include
1315:
617:, have a greenish color and a distinct odor. The
601:trees are 10β15 m (30β50 ft) tall. The
908:""Ceylon cinnamon": Much more than just a spice"
1120:Wuu-Kuang, Soh (2011). "Taxonomic revision of
880:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
858:"Cinnamomum verum J.Presl β The Plant List"
1303:
58:
31:
20:
1247:
1237:
933:1983/3e7af5bd-c4fd-4939-abe6-d908da1dbf4a
931:
1025:"In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life"
637:The old botanical synonym for the tree,
849:
792:
684:(Keningau and Sandakan districts), and
774:Cinnamon has a long history of use in
7:
1602:75b9b552-6968-400e-9c4b-9eddbacc15df
1488:6D190EAF-E5E2-FEA0-B085-3EBA6C05417B
900:
898:
896:
834:Bark, powder and dried flowers from
672:is cultivated at low elevations in
14:
1729:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1680:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:463752-1
1288:
1274:
1099:"Upgrading cinnamon in Tanzania"
827:
811:
795:
83:
1105:. 26 June 2020. Archived from
1077:FO: Misc/93/11 β Working Paper
1:
1191:National Institutes of Health
1239:10.1371/journal.pone.0016564
1049:. 2018-12-14. Archived from
704:based on the taste of bark:
696:There are several different
1767:
1739:Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
741:
621:is a purple 1 cm (0.5 in)
994:unitproj.library.ucla.edu
977:due to its distinct odor.
876:"NCBI β Cinnamomum verum"
218:
211:
194:
187:
80:Scientific classification
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
1749:Plants described in 1825
1142:10.3767/000651911X615168
1071:Iqbal, Mohammed (1993).
613:, which are arranged in
572:belonging to the family
512:Cinnamomum wolkensteinii
392:Cinnamomum leschenaultii
965:Encyclopædia Britannica
912:Plants, People, Planet
555:Cinnamomum zeylanicum,
416:Cinnamomum mauritianum
400:Cinnamomum madrassicum
335:Cinnamomum delessertii
327:Cinnamomum decandollei
319:Cinnamomum cordifolium
311:Cinnamomum commersonii
1047:Truly Ceylon Cinnamon
639:Cinnamomum zeylanicum
528:Cinnamomum zollingeri
520:Cinnamomum zeylanicum
496:Cinnamomum vaillantii
488:Cinnamomum sonneratii
472:Cinnamomum roxburghii
359:Cinnamomum humboldtii
343:Cinnamomum ellipticum
302:Cinnamomum cinnamomum
294:Cinnamomum cayennense
270:Cinnamomum bonplandii
254:Cinnamomum bengalense
238:Cinnamomum aromaticum
222:Camphorina cinnamomum
1285:at Wikimedia Commons
862:www.theplantlist.org
778:as a digestive aid.
776:traditional medicine
625:containing a single
563:Ceylon cinnamon tree
504:Cinnamomum variabile
456:Cinnamomum pourretii
424:Cinnamomum meissneri
262:Cinnamomum biafranum
43:foliage and flowers
1230:2011PLoSO...616564F
783:Alzheimer's disease
440:Cinnamomum pallasii
408:Cinnamomum maheanum
384:Cinnamomum leptopus
376:Cinnamomum karrouwa
278:Cinnamomum boutonii
50:Conservation status
1744:Trees of Sri Lanka
924:10.1002/ppp3.10192
708:Pani-Miris Kurundu
641:, is derived from
559:true cinnamon tree
480:Cinnamomum sieberi
464:Cinnamomum regelii
351:Cinnamomum erectum
286:Cinnamomum capense
246:Cinnamomum barthii
1716:
1715:
1623:Open Tree of Life
1309:Taxon identifiers
1279:Media related to
546:
545:
540:
536:Laurus cinnamomum
532:
524:
516:
508:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
432:Cinnamomum ovatum
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
230:Cinnamomum alexei
226:
73:
1756:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1641:Cinnamomum verum
1631:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1555:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1425:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:Cinnamomum verum
1336:
1335:
1334:
1317:Cinnamomum verum
1304:
1296:Cinnamomum verum
1293:Data related to
1292:
1282:Cinnamomum verum
1278:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
986:
980:
979:
960:
954:
953:
935:
902:
891:
890:
888:
886:
872:
866:
865:
854:
836:Cinnamomum verum
831:
820:Cinnamomum verum
815:
804:Cinnamomum verum
799:
720:Thiththa Kurundu
702:Cinnamomum verum
678:Kuching District
670:Cinnamomum verum
599:Cinnamomum verum
550:Cinnamomum verum
538:
530:
522:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
474:
466:
458:
450:
448:Cinnamomum pleei
442:
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
369:
367:Cinnamomum iners
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
200:
198:Cinnamomum verum
88:
87:
67:
62:
61:
41:Cinnamomum verum
35:
25:Cinnamomum verum
21:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1610:Observation.org
1608:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1311:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
988:
987:
983:
962:
961:
957:
904:
903:
894:
884:
882:
874:
873:
869:
856:
855:
851:
846:
839:
832:
823:
816:
807:
800:
791:
772:
746:
740:
730:processed into
727:
694:
635:
596:
207:
202:
196:
183:
82:
74:
63:
59:
52:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:wfo-0000605512
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1337:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1299:at Wikispecies
1286:
1270:
1269:External links
1267:
1264:
1263:
1204:
1172:
1147:
1136:(3): 241β264.
1128:) in Borneo".
1112:
1109:on 2022-01-13.
1090:
1063:
1034:
1016:
1005:
981:
955:
918:(4): 319β336.
892:
867:
848:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
833:
826:
824:
818:Leaves of the
817:
810:
808:
802:Leaves of the
801:
794:
790:
787:
771:
770:Medicinal uses
768:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
739:
736:
726:
723:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
693:
690:
634:
631:
595:
592:
544:
543:
542:
541:
533:
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517:
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493:
485:
477:
469:
461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
364:
356:
348:
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332:
324:
316:
308:
299:
291:
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209:
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185:
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177:
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163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
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143:
139:
138:
133:
126:
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113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
76:
75:
57:
54:
53:
48:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1762:
1761:
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1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
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1707:
1702:
1698:
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1428:
1424:
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1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:(1): e16564.
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1162:on 2017-04-28
1161:
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1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1113:
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1100:
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1091:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1053:on 2019-04-19
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1006:
995:
991:
985:
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978:
976:
972:
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959:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
901:
899:
897:
893:
881:
877:
871:
868:
863:
859:
853:
850:
843:
837:
830:
825:
821:
814:
809:
805:
798:
793:
788:
786:
784:
779:
777:
769:
767:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
749:
745:
737:
735:
733:
724:
719:
716:
714:Sevel Kurundu
713:
711:Miris Kurundu
710:
707:
706:
705:
703:
699:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
591:
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:
565:) is a small
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:
537:
534:
529:
526:
521:
518:
513:
510:
505:
502:
497:
494:
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486:
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465:
462:
457:
454:
449:
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441:
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406:
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398:
393:
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385:
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357:
352:
349:
344:
341:
336:
333:
328:
325:
320:
317:
312:
309:
305:(L.) H.Karst.
303:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
263:
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252:
247:
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239:
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231:
228:
223:
220:
219:
217:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
180:C. verum
176:
173:
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169:
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118:
115:
114:
111:
110:Tracheophytes
108:
105:
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91:
86:
81:
77:
71:
66:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1316:
1295:
1281:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:the original
1150:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1107:the original
1102:
1093:
1083:November 12,
1081:. Retrieved
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1055:. Retrieved
1051:the original
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997:. Retrieved
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963:"Cinnamon".
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1654:kew-2721692
1574:NatureServe
1496:iNaturalist
1341:Wikispecies
1197:28 February
633:Cultivation
594:Description
372:nom. illeg.
307:nom. inval.
123:Angiosperms
1734:Cinnamomum
1723:Categories
1649:Plant List
1181:"Cinnamon"
1166:2015-10-04
1156:"Cinnamon"
1122:Cinnamomum
1057:2019-04-19
999:2023-06-20
844:References
742:See also:
725:Processing
686:Kalimantan
655:Madagascar
651:Seychelles
225:(L.) Farw.
167:Cinnamomum
136:Magnoliids
65:Vulnerable
1436:200008735
1423:200008735
1126:Lauraceae
971:Lauraceae
950:234875442
942:2572-2611
885:4 October
698:cultivars
692:Cultivars
643:Sri Lanka
590:as well.
587:C. cassia
578:Sri Lanka
574:Lauraceae
567:evergreen
174:Species:
156:Lauraceae
93:Kingdom:
1693:17800682
1688:Tropicos
1579:2.127952
1527:10597110
1514:463752-1
1326:Wikidata
1258:21305046
1218:PLOS ONE
1103:ITC News
1029:BBC News
967:. 2008.
659:Tanzania
647:C. verum
615:panicles
582:cinnamon
241:J.Graham
233:Kosterm.
213:Synonyms
152:Family:
146:Laurales
70:IUCN 3.1
1561:MoBotPF
1449:3033987
1379:Ecocrop
1332:Q370239
1249:3030596
1226:Bibcode
789:Gallery
738:Grading
674:Sarawak
611:flowers
531:Lukman.
515:Lukman.
507:Lukman.
499:Lukman.
491:Lukman.
483:Lukman.
475:Lukman.
467:Lukman.
459:Lukman.
451:Lukman.
443:Lukman.
435:Lukman.
427:Lukman.
419:Lukman.
411:Lukman.
403:Lukman.
395:Lukman.
387:A.C.Sm.
379:Lukman.
362:Lukman.
354:Lukman.
346:Lukman.
338:Lukman.
330:Lukman.
322:Lukman.
314:Lukman.
297:Lukman.
289:Lukman.
281:Lukman.
273:Lukman.
265:Lukman.
257:Lukman.
249:Lukman.
205:J.Presl
162:Genus:
142:Order:
97:Plantae
68: (
1662:PLANTS
1628:481247
1615:457525
1599:NZOR:
1592:128608
1566:281655
1553:501529
1501:122777
1397:490672
1355:APDB:
1256:
1246:
1193:. 2016
948:
940:
666:Borneo
603:leaves
1667:CIVE2
1540:13573
1522:IRMNG
1483:IFPNI
1475:70183
1410:CINZE
1371:5Z6SQ
1358:48878
975:spice
946:S2CID
838:plant
822:plant
806:plant
732:mulch
682:Sabah
623:drupe
619:fruit
607:ovate
523:Blume
370:Wight
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
1675:POWO
1636:PfaF
1587:NCBI
1548:ITIS
1509:IPNI
1470:GRIN
1462:1324
1457:GISD
1444:GBIF
1405:EPPO
1254:PMID
1199:2017
1085:2012
938:ISSN
887:2016
657:and
627:seed
605:are
570:tree
1701:WFO
1535:ISC
1431:FoC
1418:FNA
1392:EoL
1384:702
1366:CoL
1244:PMC
1234:doi
1138:doi
928:hdl
920:doi
700:of
680:),
664:On
561:or
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