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Bedini was sent to
America to deal with a number of disputes over church property. The central argument was over whether ownership of a church and its land should remain with the board of trustees elected by the congregation or transferred to the Bishop as representative of the Diocese. The issue was
229:
In his report to the Holy See, the Nuncio described the aftermath, "In
Cincinnati, the demagogic rage of Europe surfaced with a vengeance. The German Revolutionary sentiment, which I have described elsewhere, launched their attack against this 'tyrant of Italian patriots' and the effect was truly
185:
The Mayor was informed what was afoot and ordered the Chief of Police, Captain Thomas Lukens, to investigate. Certain that there would be no trouble on
Christmas Day, the mayor then went home to his family. Soon after, Captain Lukens heard that the march had started. He ordered 100 policemen to a
230:
tremendous. ... The fact is that the language of the
American bishops began to change. Before Cincinnati they urged me not to be afraid, to go forward and not go back: afterwards, I began to hear repeated suggestions that it would be better if I returned to Europe."
100:
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When the police advanced to meet the demonstrators, one of the marchers fired a shot. The police charged and a general brawl ensued in which two policemen and fifteen German demonstrators were wounded, one fatally. Over 60 demonstrators were arrested.
240:
Although
Cincinnati's Nativists had supported the German demonstrators, the incident continued to feed controversy over foreign immigration to America. Ultimately, the riot directly contributed to the rise of the anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic
225:
was arrested but later discharged when no proof was found of a conspiracy to murder the Nuncio. A meeting was called to protest the arrests and demand that the mayor resign. Although the mayor kept his job, the Chief of Police was dismissed.
83:
thought that the "Church of Rome" had no right to own property in the United States. Unfortunately, Bedini lacked tact and experience in diplomacy and was already despised by many
Americans for his minor role in helping the
753:
221:, said no proof had been given that there was intent to do violence to Cardinal Bedini. The court then dismissed the indictment on the basis that the case had been abandoned by the prosecution. The publisher of the
147:(Thirtiers), Liberal intellectuals who had left Germany in the 1830s to escape political repression, were against anti-Catholic activism, and the German-American Catholics believed in the defense of their religion.
158:! Lo! a murderer, a butcher of men." The article went on to essentially demand Bedini's assassination, appealing specifically to the Freimänner (Society of Freemen), about 1,200 men with a meeting house in the
154:
published an article that began: "Reader, dost thou know who Bedini is? Lo! there is blood on his hands – human blood! Lo! the skin will not leave his hands which at his command was flayed from
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182:. Meanwhile, the Freimänner called for a meeting in the morning to prepare for a demonstration, inviting other groups, and spent the afternoon making effigies, banners and placards.
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201:. The banners and placards read, "Down with Bedini!", "No Priests, No Kings", "Down with the Butchers of Rome!", and "Down with the Papacy!"
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The march began soon after 10 p.m., with over 500 men led by a drum section, and followed by 100 women. Several of the men carried a wooden
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143:" of Cincinnati were fully supported of the Nativists. However, Cincinnati's German-Americans were far from unified. The
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opponents. An armed mob of about 500 German men with 100 women following marched on the home of Bishop
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parents to pay for public schools that their children did not attend. Hearing of Bedini's visit, the
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The visit of
Archbishop Gaetano Bedini to the United States of America: June 1853-February 1854
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Parallel
Empires: The Vatican and the United States - Two Centuries of Alliance and Conflict
194:
111:
47:
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987:
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Worthy of the Gospel of Christ: A History of the
Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend
19:
135:
started printing scurrilous articles calling him the "Butcher of
Bologna". The nativist
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883:
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The legal proceedings that followed were strongly biased in favor of the anti-Catholic
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66:, protesting the visit. One protester was killed and more than 60 were arrested.
1089:
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Faith and action: a history of the Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati, 1821-1996
76:
59:
267:
1298:
387:
Nativism and slavery: the northern Know Nothings and the politics of the 1850s
263:
170:
144:
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Party also singled Bedini out as a target for attack. The German-American "
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who had rioted. After the police had testified, the prosecuting attorney,
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of Cardinal Bedini to United States in 1853 (National Portrait Gallery,
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Dialogue on the frontier: Catholic and Protestant relations, 1793-1883
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population of the city, many of whom had come to America after the
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Period of civil unrest occurring in Cincinnati during December 1853
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Feelings ran so high in the later part of Bedini's visit that in
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was triggered by the visit of then-Archbishop (later, Cardinal)
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On Christmas Day, Bedini preached in French and German at the
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had angered many non-Catholics by objecting to the taxing of
523:
Centennial History of Cincinnati and Representative Citizens
1626:
List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
324:. Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana. p. 96ff.
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he had to be smuggled into the ship for his return voyage.
174:
St. Peter in Chains Cathedral, dedicated on 2 November 1845
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post opposite the Bishop's Chancery beside the cathedral.
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printed a very unfavorable article, and the Freimänner's
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List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
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252:, a mob of Know-Nothing supporters carried out a
282:List of incidents of civil unrest in Cincinnati
553:The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856
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309:
307:
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301:
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357:. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. p. 72.
8:
589:. Kent State University Press. p. xiv.
526:. Biographical Publishing Company. pp.
483:. Ohio State University Press. p. 108.
456:. Ohio State University Press. p. 145.
256:of the German immigrants in Over-the-Rhine.
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732:
661:
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556:. Oxford University Press US. p. 94.
390:. Oxford University Press US. p. 27.
1631:Mass racial violence in the United States
245:and to conflicts with recent immigrants.
58:, identified Cardinal Bedini with their
1677:Anti-Catholic riots in the United States
618:"Civil unrest woven into city's history"
18:
425:. Kent State University Press. p.
297:
1667:Riots and civil disorder in Cincinnati
1672:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
1662:German-American culture in Cincinnati
716:1968 Martin Luther King assassination
7:
150:On the day of Bedini's arrival, the
114:feelings were strong in Cincinnati.
770:in the history of the United States
421:Salmon P. Chase: a life in politics
1593:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
616:John Kiesewetter (July 15, 2001).
50:, on 21 December 1853. The German
14:
1682:Catholicism-related controversies
1581:Washington D.C. Know-Nothing Riot
686:1836 attack on abolitionist press
450:Andrew Robert Lee Cayton (2002).
1313:San Francisco Vigilance Movement
1183:Destruction of Pennsylvania Hall
1096:New York anti-abolitionist riots
982:Protestant Revolution (Maryland)
520:Greve, Charles Theodore (1904).
266:
1430:Bath anti-Catholic riot of 1854
721:2001 police shooting of suspect
711:1967 disputed murder conviction
180:Saint Peter in Chains Cathedral
110:At the time of Bedini's visit,
1:
1587:New Orleans Know-Nothing Riot
858:New York Slave Revolt of 1712
477:Roger Antonio Fortin (2002).
453:Ohio: the history of a people
1225:1824 Hard Scrabble race riot
1201:Muncy Abolition riot of 1842
953:Gloucester County Conspiracy
583:Margaret C. DePalma (2004).
193:from which the Cardinal was
1206:Philadelphia nativist riots
935:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
863:New York Conspiracy of 1741
550:William E. Gienapp (1988).
510:, Doubleday, 2008. Page 13.
1713:
1454:Know-Nothing Riots of 1856
1405:Marais des Cygnes massacre
1399:Battles of Franklin's Fort
1252:1811 German Coast uprising
929:Philadelphia Election riot
417:Frederick J. Blue (1987).
318:James F. Connelly (1960).
106:, Archbishop of Cincinnati
94:Italian revolution of 1848
1697:Persecution by Christians
1523:New York City draft riots
1506:New York City Police riot
1488:Detroit race riot of 1863
676:
75:controversial since many
1547:Cincinnati riots of 1855
1230:1831 Snow Town race riot
1147:Cincinnati riots of 1841
1142:Cincinnati riots of 1836
1137:Cincinnati riots of 1829
706:1884 rigged jury dispute
351:Joseph M. White (2007).
250:Cincinnati riots of 1855
248:Two years later, in the
1657:German-American history
1542:Cincinnati riot of 1853
623:The Cincinnati Enquirer
540:Franco (2008), page 14.
384:Tyler Anbinder (1994).
36:Cincinnati riot of 1853
28:Smithsonian Institution
1459:Baltimore riot of 1861
1257:Nat Turner's Rebellion
1177:Philadelphia race riot
1066:Abolition Riot of 1836
1060:Ursuline Convent riots
701:1855 attack on Germans
696:1853 papal envoy visit
175:
107:
31:
1552:Battle of Fort Fizzle
1482:Detroit brothel riots
1375:Pottawatomie massacre
904:War of the Regulation
868:Battle of Golden Hill
691:1841 attack on blacks
681:1829 attack on blacks
173:
162:section of the city.
102:
22:
1692:December 1853 events
1605:Southern bread riots
1518:Buffalo riot of 1862
1393:Battle of Osawatomie
1387:Battle of Fort Titus
1381:Battle of Black Jack
1132:1792 Cincinnati riot
965:Chesapeake rebellion
892:Culpeper's Rebellion
104:John Baptist Purcell
1411:Battle of the Spurs
1369:Sacking of Lawrence
1269:Baltimore bank riot
1195:Lombard Street riot
852:Leisler's Rebellion
56:Revolutions of 1848
1102:Flour riot of 1837
910:Battle of Alamance
874:1788 doctors' riot
801:1689 Boston revolt
274:Catholicism portal
243:Know-Nothing Party
219:William M. Dickson
176:
108:
42:, the emissary of
32:
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1638:
1614:
1613:
1512:Dead Rabbits riot
1477:1849 Detroit riot
1435:Portland Rum Riot
1284:
1283:
1171:Fries's Rebellion
1165:Whiskey Rebellion
1071:Broad Street Riot
1012:
1011:
959:Bacon's Rebellion
806:Boston bread riot
729:
728:
364:978-1-59276-229-3
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1113:Astor Place Riot
1023:
898:Cary's Rebellion
833:Shays' Rebellion
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670:Cincinnati riots
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127:Daily Commercial
48:Cincinnati, Ohio
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1357:Bleeding Kansas
1343:
1338:Charleston riot
1332:Lager Beer Riot
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1307:Squatters' riot
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1263:Blackburn Riots
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1003:Pine Tree Riot
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884:North Carolina
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215:Forty-Eighters
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160:Over-the-Rhine
141:Forty Eighters
90:Roman Republic
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40:Gaetano Bedini
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793:Massachusetts
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1652:1853 in Ohio
1541:
1363:Wakarusa War
1217:Rhode Island
1189:Buckshot War
1157:Pennsylvania
1041:Bellevue War
994:
921:Pennsylvania
818:
812:Knowles Riot
779:Colonial era
767:civil unrest
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44:Pope Pius IX
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33:
1571:(1853–1854)
1484:(1855–1859)
1359:(1854–1861)
1315:(1851–1856)
1237:(1841–1842)
1173:(1799–1800)
1167:(1791–1794)
1109:(1839–1845)
1090:Eggnog riot
906:(1765–1771)
854:(1689–1691)
835:(1786–1787)
808:(1710–1713)
772:(1607–1865)
223:Hochwächter
152:Hochwächter
132:Hochwächter
117:Archbishop
92:during the
88:defeat the
77:Protestants
60:reactionary
1687:1853 riots
1646:Categories
1299:California
629:2010-10-25
602:2010-10-25
569:2010-10-25
403:2010-10-25
370:2010-10-25
337:2010-10-25
293:References
145:Dreissiger
70:Background
1290:1849–1865
1275:Snow Riot
1035:Honey War
1018:1789–1849
784:1776–1789
209:Aftermath
166:The march
156:Ugo Bassi
1498:New York
1469:Michigan
1446:Maryland
1324:Illinois
1082:New York
945:Virginia
844:New York
260:See also
123:Catholic
81:liberals
1619:Related
819:Liberty
195:hanging
191:gallows
52:Liberal
1607:(1863)
1601:(1862)
1595:(1859)
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975:Others
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254:pogrom
199:effigy
30:, USA)
1422:Maine
763:Riots
46:, to
1534:Ohio
1124:Ohio
1027:Iowa
765:and
591:ISBN
558:ISBN
485:ISBN
458:ISBN
431:ISBN
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34:The
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