442:, which can also be constructed of concrete blocks, can be constructed, either using blocks designed to be set back each course and used with a sand base and without mortar or reinforcing (gravity wall), or using blocks (typically an architectural style of block or clad with a veneer such as brick) with a concrete base, steel reinforcing and mortar (piling wall). Other very common, non-structural uses for concrete block walls (especially in American schools) are as interior fire-rated and extremely durable partition walls, and as exterior backup curtain walls for attachment of building envelope systems (rigid foam insulation and an air/vapor barrier) and veneers (stucco, steel, brick, or split-face concrete block).
76:
60:
68:
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285:-inch mortar joints between blocks in any orientation). In Ireland and the UK, blocks are usually 440 mm Ă— 215 mm Ă— 100 mm (17.3 in Ă— 8.5 in Ă— 3.9 in) excluding mortar joints. In Australia, New Zealand and Canada, blocks are usually 390 mm Ă— 190 mm Ă— 190 mm (15.4 in Ă— 7.5 in Ă— 7.5 in) excluding mortar joints.
351:
48:
218:, for high-density blocks). In the western United States, where they are easily obtainable, porous lava rock gravels are used for weight reduction. They also have an added decorative effect to certain types of block, such as split-face, due to their distinct red and black colors. Lower-density blocks may use
450:
Concrete masonry walls may be ungrouted, partially grouted, or fully grouted, the latter two enhancing their structural strength. Additionally, steel reinforcement bars (rebar) can be used both vertically and horizontally inside a concrete block wall to maximize its structural performance. The cells
161:
material are called "cinder blocks" in the United States. They are also known as "breeze blocks", a term derived from "breeze", referring to the small cinders and cinder-dust that are created by partially burned coal. However, in the United States breeze blocks also refer specifically to decorative
337:
the width of a mortar joint to simulate different block modules. For example, an 8-by-16-inch (200 mm Ă— 410 mm) block may be scored in the middle to simulate 8-by-8-inch (200 mm Ă— 200 mm) masonry, with the grooves filled with mortar and struck to match the true joints.
336:
Concrete blocks may be formulated with special aggregates to produce specific colors or textures for finish use. Special textures may be produced by splitting a ribbed or solid two-block unit; such factory-produced units are called "split-rib" or "split-face" blocks. Blocks may be scored by grooves
888:
451:
in which the rebar is placed must be grouted for the bars to bond to the wall. For this reason, high-seismic zones typically allow only fully grouted walls in their building codes. The
American design code that guides design engineers in using concrete blocks as a structural system is the
264:
Blocks come in modular sizes, with the most popular typically referred to (by their thickness) as "4-inch", "6-inch", "8-inch", and "12-inch". In the US, concrete blocks are nominally 16 in (410 mm) long and 8 in (200 mm) wide. Their actual dimensions are
288:
Block cores are typically tapered so that their top surface (as laid) has a greater surface on which to spread a mortar bed and for easier handling. Most concrete blocks have two cores, but three- and four-core units are also produced. A core also allows for the insertion of
324:
assemblies, using horizontal reinforcing grouted into place in the cavity. Blocks with a channel on the end, known as "jamb blocks", allow doors to be secured to wall assemblies. Blocks with grooved ends permit the construction of
651:
236:
materials, such as post-consumer glass, slag cement, or recycled aggregate, are often used in the composition of the blocks. Use of recycled materials within blocks can create different appearances in the block, such as a
462:
of concrete blocks and masonry walls varies from approximately 3.4 to 34.5 MPa (500–5,000 psi) based on the type of concrete used to manufacture the unit, stacking orientation, the type of
677:
625:
252:; these are widely used for construction in Finland and other Scandinavian countries, as well as in central Europe, for the material's inherent thermal insulation characteristics, as are
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951:
1607:
242:
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A variety of specialized shapes exist to allow special construction features. U-shaped blocks, or knockout blocks, have notches to allow the construction of
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is the "crawl space foundation" which consists of a concrete block wall on the perimeter on which dimensional lumber floor joists are supported.
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the voids of blocks containing rebar with concrete. Thus reinforced, concrete block walls are better able to resist lateral forces such as
1587:
162:
blocks used on exterior walls to allow the breeze through, which were an important feature of Mid-Century Modern design, popularised by
564:
786:
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398:
329:, allowing a filler material to be anchored between the un-mortared block ends. Other features, such as radiused corners known as "
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191:(ash created as a waste product from impurities in minerals such as coal, limestone and iron-ore), also called slag.
134:
and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.
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1080:
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652:"A new invention by two female engineers could be the solution to Gaza's rebuilding problems - The Independent"
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Masonry
Standards Joint Committee's Building Code Requirements & Specification for Masonry Structures
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used to build the wall, and whether it is a load-bearing partition or not, among other factors.
717:
678:"Rebuilding Gaza: 'Green Cake' could be the phoenix rising from Gaza's ashes - Middle East Eye"
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787:"EPS Insulation | Geofoam, Styrofoam, EPS & Polystyrene | Universal Foam Products"
141:
available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.
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486:
864:"TMS 402/602-16 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures"
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of the resulting wall to be in compliance with the US national energy code.
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333:", may be incorporated. A wide variety of decorative profiles also exist.
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was a major supplier of machines that made concrete blocks), and also as
119:. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional
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Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce
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970:
Masonry Design and
Detailing for Architects, Engineers and Builders
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1145:
718:"Masonry & LEED v4: Continuing Education from Echelon Masonry"
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inch (9.5 mm) less than the nominal dimensions (to allow for
74:
66:
58:
46:
1017:
431:) construction. One of the common foundation types for American
1037:
344:
763:. Canadian Concrete Masonry Producers Association. p. 2.
30:"Cinder block" redirects here. For the American singer, see
1033:
309:(EPS) block foam insulation, substantially increasing the
1002:
1007:
1003:
Concrete
Masonry Association of California and Nevada
928:"Comprehensive Strength of Hollow Concrete Blockwork"
123:
style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.
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933:. Government of Canada. 4 June 1986. Archived from
79:
A building constructed with concrete masonry blocks
40:"Breeze block" redirects here. For other uses, see
742:"Concrete Block (CMU) Sizes, Shapes, and Finishes"
305:and seismic forces. Cores may also be filled with
241:finish, and may help the finished structure earn
1608:International Federation for Structural Concrete
889:"ASTM Specifications for concrete masonry units"
626:"The Who, What, When & Why of Besser Blocks"
137:Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile
115:, is a standard-size rectangular block used in
998:How Products Are Made: Volume 3 Concrete Block
248:Lightweight blocks can also be produced using
1049:
8:
379:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
63:An interior wall of painted concrete blocks
1056:
1042:
1034:
952:"Properties of Concrete Blocks — Strength"
411:Concrete block, when built with integral
399:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Standard-sized block used in construction
1013:Mason Contractors Association of America
761:Coursing Tables, Metric Shapes and Sizes
704:"Block Making Machine aggregate example"
599:Henderson, Rabekah (24 September 2019).
528:
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169:In Australia, they are often known as
1008:National Concrete Masonry Association
821:
809:
773:
293:to span courses in order to increase
7:
1171:Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
1028:"The History Behind Rock Face Block"
377:adding citations to reliable sources
1588:Institution of Structural Engineers
836:A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
34:. For the DC Comics character, see
654:. 28 February 2018. Archived from
181:or concrete masonry units (CMUs).
25:
903:"Compressive Strength of Masonry"
1668:
1667:
423:of buildings, in what is termed
349:
680:. 17 April 2017. Archived from
1086:Roman architectural revolution
908:. Portland Cement Organization
199:Concrete blocks are made from
1:
1699:Soil-based building materials
791:universalconstructionfoam.com
571:The Oxford English Dictionary
42:Breeze block (disambiguation)
1023:Masonry Institute of America
834:Ching, Francis D.K. (2012).
1603:Portland Cement Association
1578:American Concrete Institute
297:. This is accomplished by
250:autoclaved aerated concrete
112:
55:of "8-inch" concrete blocks
1715:
1081:Ancient Roman architecture
1018:Concrete Block Association
972:(2nd ed.). New York:
868:INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL
39:
29:
1663:
1593:Indian Concrete Institute
968:Beall, Christine (1987).
601:"All about breeze blocks"
482:Rusticated concrete block
1030:—Classic Rock Face Block
425:concrete block structure
214:, usually sand and fine
149:Those that use cinders (
575:Oxford University Press
254:expanded clay aggregate
71:Concrete masonry blocks
36:Cinderblock (character)
32:Cinder Block (musician)
1371:Alkali–silica reaction
1129:Energetically modified
722:www.echelonmasonry.com
577:. 1989. Archived from
93:North American English
80:
72:
64:
56:
840:John Wiley & Sons
117:building construction
105:concrete masonry unit
78:
70:
62:
50:
1356:Environmental impact
1214:Reversing drum mixer
842:, Inc. p. 168.
460:compressive strength
373:improve this section
307:expanded-polystyrene
164:Edward Durrell Stone
658:on 28 February 2018
415:, is a very common
413:steel reinforcement
291:steel reinforcement
260:Sizes and structure
230:, as an aggregate.
113:various other terms
1459:Self-consolidating
1151:Water–cement ratio
506:"Concrete Masonry"
455:(TMS 402/602-16).
421:load-bearing walls
243:LEED certification
87:, also known as a
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73:
65:
57:
1681:
1680:
1673:Category:Concrete
1454:Roller-compacting
1275:Climbing formwork
1124:Calcium aluminate
1096:Roman engineering
849:978-0-470-64885-8
824:, pp. 68–70.
812:, pp. 66–68.
776:, pp. 61–63.
417:building material
409:
408:
401:
220:industrial wastes
139:building products
16:(Redirected from
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1583:Concrete Society
1394:Fiber-reinforced
1209:Volumetric mixer
1101:Roman technology
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838:(2nd ed.).
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759:Sturgeon, Gary.
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540:. 26 July 2023
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173:(because the
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18:Cinder blocks
1547:Step barrier
1541:
1508:Applications
1419:Nanoconcrete
1305:Power trowel
1290:Power screed
1280:Slip forming
1253:Construction
969:
946:
935:the original
922:
910:. Retrieved
897:
883:
871:. Retrieved
867:
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794:. Retrieved
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725:. Retrieved
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686:. Retrieved
682:the original
672:
660:. Retrieved
656:the original
646:
634:. Retrieved
630:Apex Masonry
629:
620:
608:. Retrieved
605:Atomic Ranch
604:
594:
583:. Retrieved
579:the original
565:
560:
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542:. Retrieved
537:
513:. Retrieved
509:
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477:Gypsum block
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371:Please help
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97:breeze block
96:
89:cinder block
88:
84:
82:
1525:hollow-core
1484:Waste light
1479:Translucent
1439:Prestressed
1366:Segregation
1351:Degradation
1239:Cover meter
1176:Silica fume
1111:Composition
974:McGraw-Hill
389:August 2021
195:Composition
179:grey blocks
1688:Categories
1624:Eurocode 2
1562:Structures
1449:Reinforced
1409:Lunarcrete
1389:AstroCrete
1346:Durability
1341:Properties
1219:Slump test
1191:Production
1181:Metakaolin
822:Beall 1987
810:Beall 1987
796:2020-10-26
774:Beall 1987
727:2019-02-12
688:20 October
662:20 October
585:2007-11-30
515:31 January
493:References
446:Properties
318:bond beams
228:bottom ash
222:, such as
155:bottom ash
132:insulation
130:, improve
1655:Hempcrete
1617:Standards
1444:Ready-mix
1361:Recycling
1156:Aggregate
1139:Rosendale
559:"breeze,
360:does not
331:bullnoses
303:wind load
212:aggregate
159:aggregate
111:), or by
1648:See also
1639:EN 10080
1634:EN 206-1
1629:EN 197-1
1488:Aerated
1429:Polished
1424:Pervious
1399:Filigree
1295:Finisher
1270:Formwork
1134:Portland
1065:Concrete
636:3 August
610:3 August
544:3 August
510:ncma.org
471:See also
433:suburban
419:for the
299:grouting
256:blocks.
239:terrazzo
234:Recycled
204:concrete
157:) as an
1694:Masonry
1598:Nanocem
1557:Columns
1434:Polymer
1334:Science
1300:Grinder
1260:Precast
1166:Fly ash
1073:History
962:Sources
912:June 5,
381:removed
366:sources
311:R-value
280:⁄
270:⁄
224:fly ash
189:clinker
151:fly ash
121:masonry
1520:waffle
1469:Sulfur
1325:Tremie
1320:Sealer
1285:Screed
1229:Curing
1119:Cement
980:
873:4 June
846:
566:breeze
465:mortar
436:houses
322:lintel
216:gravel
206:(e.g.
145:Naming
128:weight
53:pallet
1552:Roads
1474:Tabby
1381:Types
1315:Float
1244:Rebar
1199:Plant
1146:Water
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
1515:Slab
1497:RAAC
1414:Mass
1404:Foam
1310:Pump
978:ISBN
914:2016
875:2024
844:ISBN
690:2018
664:2018
638:2023
612:2023
546:2023
517:2023
458:The
364:any
362:cite
341:Uses
210:and
201:cast
187:use
1492:AAC
563:".
429:CBS
375:by
320:or
226:or
153:or
109:CMU
99:in
91:in
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561:n.
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