31:
259:
44:
275:
The female has a narrower ventral line and is slightly duller. The upper tail coverts are ashy while the tail is black with the central 4 pairs of feathers ashy on the outer webs and all but the central pair are tipped white. The fifth pair is white with a black rachis and a band of black on the inner web. The outermost pair of tail feathers are all white with a black shaft. The undertail coverts are black towards the centre but white on the sides.
438:
November. The nests are placed in hollows in trees or in a wall or mud-bank with a narrow entrance hole and the floor of the cavity is lined with moss, hair and feathers. They sometimes make use of the old nest of a woodpecker or barbet. Both parents take part in incubation and hissing from within the nest when threatened. They may also roost in cavities such as those in cut bamboo.
395:
165:
251:
410:, capturing insects (mainly caterpillars, bugs and beetles) that are disturbed and will also feeding on buds and fruits. They sometimes use their feet to hold insects which are then torn with their beak. They may also wedge hard seeds in a bark crevice before hammering them with their beak (noted in ssp.
437:
with one case of two nests side by side). The breeding season is summer and but dates vary across their range. Some birds may raise more than one brood. In southern India and Sri Lanka the breeding season is
February to May (mainly before the Monsoons) but nests have also been seen from September to
274:
Like others in the genus, it has a broad black ventral line and has no crest. This tit is part of a confusing group of species but is distinct in having a grey-back, black hood, white cheek patch and a white wing-bar. The underparts are white with the black central stripe running along the length.
287:
are now placed in this species (all of which have a grey rather than greenish back as adults, although young birds show some green on the back and yellowish on the underside ). These geographically separated populations show differences mainly in the shade of grey, the extent of white on the tail
971:"A study of the bionomics of the common rat fleas and other species associated with human habitations, with special reference to the influence of temperature and humidity at various periods of the life history of the insect"
234:). These birds are grey backed with white undersides. The great tit in the new sense is distinguishable by the greenish-back and yellowish underside. The distribution of this species extends from parts of West Asia across
522:
Packert, Martin; Jochen
Martens; Siegfried Eck; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P. Valchuk; Bernd Petri; Michael Veith (2005). "The great tit (Parus major) – a misclassified ring species".
421:
or other variants repeated three of four times followed by a break. The calling is particularly persistent during the breeding season. In playback experiments, the
1166:
1248:
1127:
1153:
30:
998:
555:
812:
762:
638:
1243:
486:
704:"Miscellanea Ornithologica; Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II"
1158:
258:
1238:
403:
929:
429:
and Asian species are responded to by each other but the songs of the
European species do not elicit much response in
1171:
549:
Kvist, Laura; Jochen
Martens; Hiroyoshi Higuchi; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P Valchuk & Markku Orell (2003).
43:
779:
1078:
1018:
911:
829:
802:
639:"Taxonomic pitfalls in tits – comments on the Paridae chapter of the Handbook of the Birds of the World"
154:
138:
463:
226:
Paridae. This species is made up of several populations that were earlier treated as subspecies of the
703:
621:
487:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae"
1070:
726:
1056:
267:
177:
38:
686:
1192:
1101:
955:
831:
Food of birds in India. Memoirs of the
Department of Agriculture in India, Entomology Series 3
808:
758:
582:
319:
1197:
995:
862:
653:
572:
564:
531:
407:
223:
1083:
317:
Whistler, 1929 - southern
Afghanistan and west Pakistan (very pale and bluish, approaching
1179:
1002:
289:
661:
1233:
1007:
577:
550:
239:
975:
Journal of
Hygiene - Plague Supplement 3, 8th report on plague investigations in India
1227:
949:
880:
657:
535:
358:
498:
1106:
845:
Sasvári, Lajos (1980). "Different responsiveness of Indian and
European Great Tit (
1093:
978:
1210:
1140:
1050:
884:
186:
1205:
235:
220:
105:
1041:
227:
95:
55:
586:
568:
250:
1184:
402:
These birds are usually seen in pairs or small groups that sometimes join
1035:
757:. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 168–175.
691:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 74–78.
75:
970:
551:"Evolution and genetic structure of the great tit (Parus major) complex"
394:
1132:
1065:
951:
Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests
866:
623:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 1
263:
1145:
65:
1119:
1012:
329:
E. J. O. Hartert, 1905 - Western
Himalayas (has a grey nuchal patch)
164:
1114:
393:
257:
249:
172:
Distribution of related species based on Eck & Martens (2006)
115:
916:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). R H Porter, London. pp. 31–34.
216:
85:
1016:
288:
feathers and in size, although the variation in size is mainly
834:. Imperial Department of Agriculture in India. pp. 1–367.
688:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds
807:(4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. pp. 18–20.
299:
Vieillot, 1818 nominate form from Java and the Lesser Sundas
433:. About 4 to 6 eggs form the normal clutch (9 recorded in
927:
George, J (1965). "Grey Tit roosting in a bamboo stump".
604:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 527.
367:
Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 - W Thailand and S Indochina
1025:
283:Several of the subspecies formerly placed within
602:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
780:"Notes on Indian birds. III. Birds from Assam"
626:. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 73–79.
445:has been recorded in their nests from India.
379:(Raffles, 1822) - Malay Peninsula and Sumatra
8:
727:"Handlist of the birds of the Indian Empire"
755:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1013:
954:. Iowa State College Press, Ames. p.
163:
29:
20:
576:
524:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
262:Cinereous tit in Kadigarh National Park,
637:Packert, Martin; Jochen Martens (2008).
517:
515:
454:
335:Hodgson, 1837 - Subhimalayas (includes
311:Koelz, 1939 - Afghanistan and Pakistan.
885:"Double nest of the Kashmir Great Tit
748:
746:
744:
615:
613:
611:
419:titiweesi...titiweesi... witsi-seesee
345:Ripley, 1950 - NE Indian Subcontinent
305:Zarudny, 1890 - Iran and Turkmenistan
7:
1249:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
600:Rasmussen, PC; JC Anderton (2005).
913:The nests and eggs of Indian birds
556:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
398:A bird using its feet to hold food
373:E. J. O. Hartert, 1905 - Hainan I.
14:
804:Popular handbook of Indian birds
658:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00871.x
536:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00529.x
42:
351:Koelz, 1939 - Peninsular India
1:
404:mixed-species foraging flocks
828:Mason CW, Lefroy HM (1912).
468:Records of the Indian Museum
425:alarm calls of the European
930:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
753:Ali, S; S D Ripley (1998).
1265:
417:The calls are a whistling
887:Parus major kashmiriensis
485:Eck S; J Martens (2006).
357:E. J. O. Hartert, 1905 -
183:
176:
171:
162:
144:
137:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
1008:Internet Bird Collection
893:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
853:) to acoustic stimuli".
731:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
491:Zoologische Mededelingen
406:. They forage mainly by
279:Taxonomy and systematics
1244:Birds described in 1818
948:Hicks, Ellis A (1959).
847:Parus major mahrattarum
801:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
702:Hartert, Ernst (1905).
855:Journal of Ornithology
569:10.1098/rspb.2002.2321
443:Ceratophyllus gallinae
399:
271:
255:
397:
390:Behaviour and ecology
385:Slater, 1885 - Borneo
339:of the Punjab plains)
261:
253:
708:Novitates Zoologicae
620:Blanford WT (1889).
1239:Birds of Indomalaya
725:Baker, ECS (1920).
685:Baker, ECS (1924).
563:(1523): 1447–1454.
462:Baker, ECS (1913).
268:Mymensingh District
1001:2011-07-24 at the
867:10.1007/BF01643334
778:Ripley,SD (1950).
441:A species of flea
400:
272:
256:
215:) is a species of
1221:
1220:
1193:Open Tree of Life
1019:Taxon identifiers
969:Bacot, A (1914).
910:Hume, AO (1889).
431:P. c. mahrattarum
320:Parus bokharensis
203:
202:
194:
1256:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1200:
1188:
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1071:EF456E196F5AD3A4
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739:
738:
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666:
660:. Archived from
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606:
605:
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546:
540:
539:
519:
510:
509:
507:
506:
497:. Archived from
482:
476:
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459:
190:
167:
150:
130:P. cinereus
47:
46:
33:
21:
1264:
1263:
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1180:Observation.org
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1040:
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1034:
1021:
1003:Wayback Machine
996:Worldbird names
992:
987:
986:
968:
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963:
947:
946:
942:
926:
925:
921:
909:
908:
904:
879:
878:
874:
844:
843:
839:
827:
826:
822:
815:
800:
799:
795:
777:
776:
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765:
752:
751:
742:
724:
723:
719:
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684:
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664:
641:
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631:
619:
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548:
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484:
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479:
461:
460:
456:
451:
392:
281:
248:
195:
158:
152:
146:
133:
41:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:Parus-cinereus
1202:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1111:
1098:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1057:Parus cinereus
1047:
1031:
1029:
1027:Parus cinereus
1023:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:
991:
990:External links
988:
985:
984:
961:
940:
919:
902:
872:
861:(4): 391–396.
837:
820:
813:
793:
770:
763:
740:
717:
694:
677:
652:(4): 829–831.
629:
607:
592:
541:
530:(2): 153–174.
511:
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240:Southeast Asia
212:Parus cinereus
201:
200:
197:Parus atriceps
181:
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148:Parus cinereus
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69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Cinereous tit
15:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
2:
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814:1-4067-4576-6
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764:0-19-562063-1
760:
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737:(2): 228–247.
736:
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728:
721:
718:
713:
709:
705:
698:
695:
690:
689:
681:
678:
667:on 2012-02-22
663:
659:
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501:on 2012-02-24
500:
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492:
488:
481:
478:
473:
469:
465:
458:
455:
448:
446:
444:
439:
436:
435:caschmirensis
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
412:caschmirensis
409:
405:
396:
389:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
361:and Sri Lanka
360:
359:Western Ghats
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
334:
331:
328:
327:caschmirensis
325:
322:
321:
316:
313:
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301:
298:
295:
294:
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270:, Bangladesh.
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214:
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208:
207:cinereous tit
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139:Binomial name
136:
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119:
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96:Passeriformes
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669:. Retrieved
662:the original
649:
645:
632:
622:
601:
595:
560:
554:
544:
527:
523:
503:. Retrieved
499:the original
494:
490:
480:
471:
467:
457:
442:
440:
434:
430:
426:
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418:
416:
411:
401:
383:sarawacensis
382:
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364:
354:
348:
342:
336:
332:
326:
318:
314:
308:
302:
296:
284:
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273:
254:Head pattern
231:
211:
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206:
204:
196:
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185:
184:
147:
145:
129:
128:
116:
18:
1141:iNaturalist
1051:Wikispecies
881:Whistler, H
851:P. m. major
427:Parus major
355:mahrattarum
315:ziaratensis
303:intermedius
285:Parus major
246:Description
232:Parus major
187:Parus major
1228:Categories
1206:Xeno-canto
714:: 497–503.
671:2010-06-29
505:2010-01-12
474:: 259–288.
449:References
333:nipalensis
309:decolorans
236:South Asia
899:(3): 837.
365:templorum
238:and into
228:great tit
192:pro parte
124:Species:
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
1084:22735374
1079:BirdLife
1036:Wikidata
999:Archived
883:(1923).
784:Postilla
587:12965008
423:churring
408:gleaning
377:ambiguus
371:hainanus
337:planorum
297:cinereus
178:Synonyms
155:Vieillot
102:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
1198:3598691
1172:1356362
1133:6101070
1120:gretit2
1094:gretit2
1066:Avibase
1042:Q973837
937:(5): 8.
578:1691391
464:"Birds"
343:vauriei
264:Bhaluka
219:in the
112:Genus:
106:Paridae
92:Order:
82:Class:
1185:194818
1159:916513
1146:339691
811:
790:: 1–4.
761:
585:
575:
349:stupae
290:clinal
224:family
157:, 1818
1234:Parus
1115:eBird
1107:764W5
1091:BOW:
981:–654.
665:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
117:Parus
1167:NCBI
1154:ITIS
1128:GBIF
809:ISBN
759:ISBN
646:Ibis
583:PMID
495:80–5
217:bird
205:The
86:Aves
1102:CoL
979:447
956:506
863:doi
859:121
654:doi
650:154
573:PMC
565:doi
561:270
532:doi
414:).
221:tit
1230::
1208::
1195::
1182::
1169::
1156::
1143::
1130::
1117::
1104::
1081::
1068::
1053::
1038::
977::
973:.
933:.
897:29
895:.
891:.
857:.
849:;
786:.
782:.
743:^
735:27
733:.
729:.
712:12
710:.
706:.
648:.
644:.
610:^
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571:.
559:.
553:.
528:86
526:.
514:^
493:.
489:.
470:.
466:.
292::
266:,
242:.
958:.
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869:.
865::
817:.
788:1
767:.
674:.
656::
589:.
567::
538:.
534::
508:.
472:8
323:)
230:(
209:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
