803:
269:
253:
871:
844:
939:
561:
924:
821:
901:
571:
261:
353:
401:
686:
drinking, cooking, and other basic sanitation purposes for rest of the dry periods. By 2016, 1.2 million rainwater harvesting cisterns were implemented for human consumption alone. After positive results of P1MC, the government introduced another program named "One Land, Two Water
Program" (Uma Terra, Duas Águas, P1 + 2), which provides a farmer with another slab cistern to support agricultural production.
129:
32:
585:
496:
148:
1540:
467:, or are filled manually or by truck delivery, rather than by rainwater collection. Very common throughout Brazil, for example, they were traditionally made of concrete walls (much like the houses themselves), with a similar concrete top (about 5 cm/2 inches thick), with a piece that can be removed for water filling and then reinserted to keep out
528:, notably, maintains fire cisterns under its streets in case the primary water supply is disrupted. In many flat areas, the use of cisterns is encouraged to absorb excess rainwater which otherwise can overload sewage or drainage systems by heavy rains (certainly in urban areas where a lot of ground is surfaced and doesn't let the ground absorb water).
451:(AWSS) maintains a network of 177 independent underground water cisterns, with sizes varying from 75,000 US gallons (280,000 L) to over 200,000 US gallons (760,000 L) depending on location with a total storage capacity of over 11 million U.S. gallons (42 million liters) of water.These cisterns are easily spotted at street level with manholes labeled
488:, and housecleaning; (2) showers and handwashing; (3) washing dishes, with proper sanitation methods, and for the highest quality, (4) cooking and drinking. Water of non-acceptable quality for the aforementioned uses may still be used for irrigation. If it is free of particulates but not low enough in
616:
At the beginning of the flush cycle, as the water level in the toilet cistern tank drops, the flush valve flapper falls back to the bottom, stopping the main flow to the flush tube. Because the tank water level has yet to reach the fill line, water continues to flow from the tank and bowl fill tubes.
483:
and to rinse them well. Well water must be inspected for contaminants coming from the ground source. City water has up to 1ppm (parts per million) chlorine added to the water to keep it clean. If there is any question about the water supply at any point (source to tap), then the cistern water should
685:
The rainwater falling on the rooftops is directed through pipelines or gutters and stored in the cistern. The cistern is covered with a lid to avoid evaporation. Each cistern has a capacity of 16,000 liters. Water collected in it during 3–4 months of the rainy season can sustain the requirement for
515:
systems be built alongside any new construction, and cisterns can be used in these cases. In
Bermuda, for example, its familiar white-stepped roofs seen on houses are part of the rainwater collection system, where water is channeled by roof gutters to below-ground cisterns. Other countries, such as
600:
utilises a cistern to reserve and hold the correct amount of water required to flush the toilet bowl. In earlier toilets, the cistern was located high above the toilet bowl and connected to it by a long pipe. It was necessary to pull a hanging chain connected to a release valve located inside the
802:
605:, with the cistern mounted directly on the toilet bowl and no intermediate pipe. In this arrangement, the flush mechanism (lever or push button) is usually mounted on the cistern. Concealed cistern toilets, where the cistern is built into the wall behind the toilet, are also available. A
455:
surrounded by red brick circles or rectangles. The cisterns are completely separate from the rest of the city’s water supply, ensuring that in the event of an earthquake, additional backup is available regardless of the condition of the city's mainline water system.
645:
in 2013. The Semi-Arid
Articulation (ASA) has been providing managerial and technological support to establish cement-layered containers, called cisterns, to harvest and store rainwater for small farm-holders in 34 territories of nine states where ASA operates
471:
and insects. Modern cisterns are manufactured out of plastic (in Brazil with a characteristic bright blue color, round, in capacities of about 10,000 and 50,000 liters (2641 and 13,208 gallons)). These cisterns differ from
4491:
1030:
408:
Cisterns are commonly prevalent in areas where water is scarce, either because it is rare or has been depleted due to heavy use. Historically, the water was used for many purposes including cooking,
479:
To keep a clean water supply, the cistern must be kept clean. It is important to inspect them regularly, keep them well enclosed, and to occasionally empty and clean them with a proper dilution of
566:
1. float, 2. fill valve, 3. lift arm, 4. tank fill tube, 5. bowl fill tube, 6. flush valve flapper, 7. overflow tube, 8. flush handle, 9. chain, 10. fill line, 11. fill valve shaft, 12. flush tube
448:
843:
295:
at, for instance, Ramad and Lebwe, and by the late fourth millennium BC, as at Jawa in northeastern
Lebanon, cisterns are essential elements of emerging water management techniques in
870:
447:. As a precautionary measure, in 1850, funds were allocated to construct over 100 cisterns across the city to be utilized in case of fire. The city's firefighting network, the
344:
house, generally had a cistern underneath. The impluvium and associated structures collected, filtered, cooled, and stored the water, and also cooled and ventilated the house.
1263:
820:
476:
in the sense that they are not entirely enclosed and sealed with one form, rather they have a lid made of the same material as the cistern, which is removable by the user.
1495:"Harvesting water for living with drought: Insights from the Brazilian human coexistence with semi-aridity approach towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals"
1434:"Harvesting water for living with drought: Insights from the Brazilian human coexistence with semi-aridity approach towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals"
1372:"Harvesting water for living with drought: Insights from the Brazilian human coexistence with semi-aridity approach towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals"
1579:
3337:
3078:
2674:
609:
is a type of cistern used to serve more than one WC pan at one time. These cisterns are becoming less common, however. The cistern was the genesis of the modern
3293:
2802:
459:
Some cisterns sit on the top of houses or on the ground higher than the house, and supply the running water needs for the house. They are often supplied by
3125:
2576:
900:
412:, and washing. Present-day cisterns are often used only for irrigation due to concerns over water quality. Cisterns today can also be outfitted with
1414:
923:
268:
1475:
778:
516:
Japan, Germany, and Spain, also offer financial incentives or tax credit for installing cisterns. Cisterns may also be used to store water for
1121:
1007:
4609:
4451:
1572:
235:
by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few litres to thousands of cubic metres, effectively forming covered
1185:
938:
323:
252:
3446:
376:
could not be dug deeply enough. There were two types: the tank cistern and the filter cistern. Such a filter cistern was built at the
3771:
2703:
1609:
1112:
Shiloh, Yigal (1992). "Underground Water
Systems in the Land of Israel in the Iron Age". In Kempinski, Aharon; Reich, Ronny (eds.).
115:
4619:
4501:
2797:
552:
was common). Many bathrooms even in modern houses are constructed with a small cistern to hold water for bathing by this method.
420:
methods when the water is intended for consumption. It is not uncommon for a cistern to be open in some manner in order to catch
3322:
2713:
1751:
1565:
53:
2935:
2465:
1725:
998:
Reich, Ronny; Katzenstein, Hannah (1992). "Glossary of
Archaeological Terms". In Kempinski, Aharon; Reich, Ronny (eds.).
4629:
4062:
2930:
2470:
1943:
729:
638:
507:
rely on a cistern to help meet their water needs, particularly in the United States. Some countries or regions, such as
132:
1023:
4614:
4225:
4027:
1896:
984:
96:
224: 'basket') is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and
1793:
68:
4007:
3852:
3837:
3198:
2999:
617:
When the water again reaches the fill line, the float will release the fill valve shaft and water flow will stop.
42:
4112:
2910:
2819:
484:
not be used for drinking or cooking. If it is of acceptable quality and consistency, then it can be used for (1)
548:
showers are traditionally taken by pouring water over one's body with a dipper (this practice comes from before
3842:
3481:
3193:
2285:
1830:
626:
75:
49:
20:
211:
4047:
4042:
3751:
3693:
3673:
3310:
3220:
2392:
2159:
1978:
1911:
1643:
965:
877:
709:
172:
4568:
4511:
4240:
4210:
3541:
3439:
3398:
3272:
2878:
2769:
2757:
2453:
2194:
2033:
1670:
1604:
1588:
1345:
788:
204:
2340:
1551:
1288:
82:
4553:
4506:
4262:
4205:
4190:
3662:
3137:
3073:
2947:
2640:
2566:
2335:
2273:
2149:
2097:
2090:
1636:
560:
4252:
3821:
3729:
3631:
3354:
3349:
3332:
3327:
3305:
3095:
2809:
2662:
2554:
2458:
2251:
1936:
1906:
1735:
1678:
1544:
1239:
1138:
882:
714:
642:
512:
425:
377:
357:
225:
570:
64:
4604:
4583:
4441:
4082:
3678:
3393:
3004:
2863:
2696:
2229:
2102:
1983:
1958:
671:
260:
4537:
4436:
4195:
4160:
4057:
4037:
3932:
3907:
3708:
3601:
3471:
3344:
3247:
3149:
2962:
2357:
2144:
1874:
1840:
1193:
1094:
1067:
444:
417:
256:
A modern-day cistern, located in San
Francisco, California, for emergency firefighting purposes.
4358:
1050:
Robert, Miller (1980). "Water use in Syria and
Palestine from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age".
428:
systems. It is important in these cases to have a system that does not leave the water open to
392:
and collected in the cistern. The filter cleaned the rain water and enriched it with minerals.
4624:
4573:
4496:
4185:
4032:
4017:
3937:
3917:
3882:
3735:
3698:
3596:
3432:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3315:
2972:
2184:
2169:
2154:
2134:
2025:
2004:
1815:
1658:
1117:
1003:
911:
888:
720:
4578:
4343:
4152:
4102:
3927:
3847:
3806:
3766:
3526:
3491:
3381:
3288:
3031:
2873:
2814:
2534:
2490:
2290:
2112:
1963:
1923:
1619:
1516:
1506:
1455:
1445:
1393:
1383:
1164:
1154:
1059:
980:
907:
743:
695:
574:
296:
178:
4406:
4282:
4272:
3972:
3922:
3912:
3892:
3872:
3796:
3688:
3611:
3586:
3403:
3262:
3232:
2994:
2922:
2900:
2858:
2753:
2723:
2588:
2583:
2234:
2117:
1688:
858:
765:
606:
537:
352:
850:
322:, underground water systems were constructed in royal centers and settlements throughout
228:. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster.
436:, which are attracted to the water and then potentially carry disease to nearby humans.
4446:
4416:
4411:
4363:
4297:
4127:
4122:
3947:
3942:
3786:
3724:
3668:
3616:
3551:
3496:
3371:
3298:
3120:
3085:
3016:
2905:
2777:
2485:
2070:
2060:
1862:
831:
413:
400:
327:
273:
184:
4598:
4563:
4527:
4396:
4333:
4002:
3902:
3811:
3703:
3683:
3511:
3506:
3257:
3242:
3188:
3063:
3051:
2967:
2890:
2718:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2367:
2278:
2207:
1948:
1891:
1869:
1778:
1710:
1705:
1683:
525:
464:
440:
89:
4456:
4373:
4313:
4292:
4287:
4200:
4175:
4117:
4097:
4087:
4072:
4012:
3997:
3967:
3952:
3887:
3867:
3816:
3761:
3626:
3606:
3536:
3176:
3132:
3113:
3068:
2940:
2868:
2792:
2614:
2549:
2544:
2500:
2127:
2009:
1973:
1953:
1805:
1783:
1695:
1415:"Acesso à água para produção é ampliado para mais de 6,8 mil famílias do Semiárido"
1214:
754:
647:
549:
521:
517:
499:
Bermuda's white-stepped roofs for collecting rainwater channeled into cisterns
334:
284:
3225:
1063:
492:, then boiling may also be an effective method to prepare the water for drinking.
190:
4401:
4378:
4353:
4338:
4230:
4107:
4092:
4077:
4022:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3962:
3957:
3877:
3862:
3636:
3576:
3215:
3205:
3161:
3156:
3108:
3046:
2982:
2883:
2728:
2650:
2571:
2559:
2352:
2320:
2305:
2295:
2266:
2224:
2139:
2107:
2055:
1988:
1825:
1700:
589:
578:
389:
373:
369:
315:
160:
128:
31:
1493:
Lindoso, D.P.; Eiró, F.; Bursztyn, M.; Rodrigues-Filho, S.; Nasuti, S. (2018).
1432:
Lindoso, D.P.; Eiró, F.; Bursztyn, M.; Rodrigues-Filho, S.; Nasuti, S. (2018).
1370:
Lindoso, D.P.; Eiró, F.; Bursztyn, M.; Rodrigues-Filho, S.; Nasuti, S. (2018).
310:, where a large cistern was carved into bedrock beneath a palace dating to the
4461:
4348:
4328:
4215:
4180:
4142:
4137:
3982:
3857:
3621:
3581:
3359:
3252:
3210:
3026:
2989:
2952:
2435:
2347:
2212:
2174:
2075:
2048:
1968:
1881:
1798:
1766:
1720:
1631:
1599:
667:
663:
584:
504:
473:
460:
433:
409:
311:
1317:
4466:
4323:
4318:
4257:
3791:
3756:
3719:
3591:
3556:
3521:
3516:
3486:
3267:
3166:
3058:
3036:
3021:
2836:
2619:
2604:
2529:
2512:
2430:
2315:
2246:
2241:
2164:
2043:
1931:
1857:
1624:
1614:
827:
733:
545:
337:
307:
288:
236:
198:
156:
136:
1539:
1169:
495:
147:
4532:
4220:
3566:
3546:
3501:
3476:
3455:
3041:
2977:
2782:
2522:
2517:
2425:
2300:
2122:
2085:
2065:
1557:
1322:
915:
758:
699:
679:
675:
541:
508:
489:
480:
361:
319:
1098:
4471:
4368:
4277:
4165:
4067:
3801:
3781:
3657:
3103:
3009:
2895:
2853:
2829:
2415:
2325:
2179:
2080:
2038:
1901:
1820:
1773:
1761:
1521:
1511:
1494:
1460:
1450:
1433:
1398:
1388:
1371:
854:
809:
737:
659:
655:
511:, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands, have strict laws requiring that
140:
4492:
International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
1071:
4558:
4267:
4235:
3741:
3714:
3571:
3561:
3171:
2848:
2708:
2686:
2539:
2475:
2420:
1810:
1788:
1756:
1730:
1159:
1142:
862:
835:
748:
703:
597:
485:
468:
381:
303:
292:
217:
808:
Staircase leading to the lower levels of the underground cistern of
326:, marking some of the earliest instances of engineering activity in
439:
One particularly unique modern utilization of cisterns is found in
4170:
4132:
3776:
3746:
3237:
2957:
2841:
2691:
2645:
2507:
2362:
2310:
2256:
1886:
1852:
930:
892:
783:
724:
651:
610:
583:
569:
494:
429:
399:
351:
341:
277:
267:
259:
251:
146:
127:
4247:
4052:
3641:
3531:
3183:
3144:
2824:
2624:
2480:
2410:
2330:
2202:
1715:
1264:"The golden legacy of San Francisco's little hydrant that could"
761:
was later thrown in it after prophesying the
Babylonian invasion
421:
385:
232:
152:
3428:
2751:
2390:
1656:
1561:
19:
This article is about water storage tanks. For other uses, see
2787:
2495:
2261:
2219:
1031:
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
564:
A traditional gravity toilet tank concluding the flush cycle.
25:
1419:
IRPAA - Instituto Regional da Pequena Agropecuária Apropriada
1085:
Roberts, N. (1977). "Water conservation in ancient Arabia".
601:
cistern in order to flush the toilet. Modern toilets may be
3424:
1476:"Programa Cisternas democratiza acesso à água no Semiárido"
16:
Waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water
637:) has assisted local people with water management. The
368:
In the Middle Ages, cisterns were often constructed in
1116:. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. p. 275.
1002:. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. p. 312.
264:
The street-level view of the aforementioned cistern.
4546:
4520:
4480:
4425:
4387:
4306:
4151:
3830:
3650:
3462:
3281:
3094:
2921:
2768:
2633:
2597:
2446:
2403:
2193:
2024:
1997:
1922:
1839:
1744:
1669:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
155:is in the source of the water: a cistern collects
1143:"History of Water Cisterns: Legacies and Lessons"
287:cisterns in the floors of houses are features of
1318:"Why houses in Bermuda have white stepped roofs"
1087:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
3440:
1573:
302:Early examples of ancient cisterns, found in
8:
3447:
3433:
3425:
2765:
2748:
2400:
2387:
1845:
1666:
1653:
1580:
1566:
1558:
1520:
1510:
1459:
1449:
1397:
1387:
1168:
1158:
443:, which has historically been subject to
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
559:
4502:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
955:
798:
151:The difference between a cistern and a
1186:"Yemen takes another look at cisterns"
779:History of water supply and sanitation
577:, Istanbul, 138 x 65 meter, 80,000 m;
520:in areas where there is an inadequate
384:, where a cistern was hewn out of the
272:Ancient Buddhist rock-hewn cistern at
784:Ancient water conservation techniques
306:, include a significant discovery at
7:
4452:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
1346:"Geld sparen durch Zisternennutzung"
1296:Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt LfU
1240:"San Francisco's Hidden Water Tanks"
629:, the One Million Cisterns Program (
314:. Similar systems were uncovered at
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1289:"Naturnaher Umgang mit Regenwasser"
966:Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary
248:Early domestic and agricultural use
1114:The Architecture of Ancient Israel
1000:The Architecture of Ancient Israel
388:rock. Rain water passed through a
14:
3772:Push-to-pull compression fittings
2704:Megalithic architectural elements
1538:
1413:Pragana, Verônica (2017-12-29).
937:
922:
899:
869:
842:
819:
801:
231:Cisterns are distinguished from
30:
3323:Evolutionary origin of religion
1316:Low, Harry (23 December 2016).
1137:Mays, Larry; Antoniou, George;
41:needs additional citations for
1554:- Historic Water Conservation.
631:Programa 1 Milhão de Cisternas
1:
2936:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2466:British megalith architecture
1184:al-Kibsi, Huda (2007-09-29).
1064:10.1080/00438243.1980.9979771
929:Sign indicating a cistern in
757:built a cistern. The prophet
449:Auxiliary Water Supply System
424:or to include more elaborate
4512:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
4063:Reduced pressure zone device
2931:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2471:Nordic megalith architecture
730:Portuguese cistern (Mazagan)
621:One Million Cisterns Program
372:in Europe, especially where
340:, a standard feature of the
4610:Water supply infrastructure
4507:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
4226:Instant hot water dispenser
4028:Piping and plumbing fitting
985:National Geographic Society
641:adopted this new policy of
4646:
3853:Backflow prevention device
3838:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
3079:British Isles and Brittany
3000:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1238:King, Jason (2017-12-06).
592:is a form of small cistern
210:
18:
4113:Thermostatic mixing valve
2764:
2747:
2399:
2386:
1848:
1665:
1652:
1595:
3843:Automatic bleeding valve
3482:Compatibility (chemical)
159:where a well draws from
21:Cistern (disambiguation)
4620:Archaeological features
4048:Pressure-balanced valve
4043:Pressure vacuum breaker
3752:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
3694:Drain-waste-vent system
3674:Chemical drain cleaners
3311:Evolutionary musicology
2714:Oldest extant buildings
2641:Archaeological features
2160:Prepared-core technique
177:
4569:Template:Public health
4241:water recycling shower
4211:Hot water storage tank
3542:Onsite sewage facility
3273:Unchambered long cairn
3121:Mound Builders culture
2454:Neolithic architecture
1589:Prehistoric technology
878:Palacio de las Veletas
789:List of Roman cisterns
710:Palacio de las Veletas
593:
581:
567:
500:
405:
365:
280:
265:
257:
203: 'box'; from
197:
189:
164:
144:
4554:Fire sprinkler system
4263:Tankless water heater
4206:Garbage disposal unit
4191:Electric water boiler
3663:British Standard Pipe
2948:List of Stone Age art
2150:Microblade technology
2098:Langdale axe industry
1696:Ard / plough
1547:at Wikimedia Commons
969:(9th ed.). 1990.
587:
573:
563:
498:
403:
355:
291:village sites of the
271:
263:
255:
150:
131:
4253:Storage water heater
3822:Water heat recycling
3730:National Pipe Thread
3632:Water supply network
3355:Prehistoric medicine
3350:Prehistoric counting
3333:Prehistoric religion
3328:Paleolithic religion
3306:Behavioral modernity
2663:Causewayed enclosure
2555:Abri de la Madeleine
1679:Neolithic Revolution
1480:Government of Brazil
1215:"CISTERNS - FoundSF"
643:rainwater harvesting
639:Brazilian government
513:rainwater harvesting
426:rainwater harvesting
358:Cisterns of La Malga
50:improve this article
4630:Castle architecture
4584:Template:Wastewater
4442:Hydrostatic testing
4083:Rooftop water tower
3679:Compression fitting
3394:Prehistoric warfare
2140:Magdalenian culture
2103:Levallois technique
2034:Earliest toolmaking
672:Rio Grande do Norte
627:Northeastern Brazil
4615:Water conservation
4538:Waterborne disease
4437:Hydronic balancing
4196:Evaporative cooler
4161:Accessible bathtub
4058:Radiator (heating)
4038:Pressure regulator
3933:Double check valve
3908:Concentric reducer
3709:Garden Hose Thread
3602:Thermal insulation
3472:Air gap (plumbing)
3345:Origin of language
3338:Spiritual drug use
3248:Rectangular dolmen
3150:Dartmoor kistvaens
2963:Carved stone balls
2675:Circular enclosure
2634:Other architecture
2577:Alp pile dwellings
2165:Solutrean industry
2076:Gravettian culture
1726:Secondary products
1512:10.3390/su10030622
1451:10.3390/su10030622
1389:10.3390/su10030622
1139:Angelakis, Andreas
594:
582:
568:
540:countries such as
501:
418:water purification
406:
366:
281:
266:
258:
165:
145:
133:Portuguese cistern
4592:
4591:
4574:Template:Sewerage
4521:Health and safety
4497:NSF International
4307:Specialized tools
4186:Drinking fountain
4153:Plumbing fixtures
4033:Plug (sanitation)
4018:Nipple (plumbing)
3938:Eccentric reducer
3918:Coupling (piping)
3883:Chemigation valve
3736:Nominal Pipe Size
3699:Ductile iron pipe
3597:Thermal expansion
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3367:Prehistoric music
3316:music archaeology
2973:Cup and ring mark
2798:Clothing/textiles
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2185:Yubetsu technique
2170:Striking platform
2135:Lithic technology
2020:
2019:
2005:Game drive system
1924:Projectile points
1816:Mortar and pestle
1543:Media related to
1123:978-965-221-013-5
1052:World Archaeology
1009:978-965-221-013-5
849:Cistern known as
830:cistern north of
445:devastating fires
126:
125:
118:
100:
4637:
4579:Template:Toilets
4344:Flare-nut wrench
4103:Submersible pump
3928:Dielectric union
3848:Automatic faucet
3807:Thread seal tape
3767:Plastic pipework
3527:Hydrostatic loop
3492:Drain (plumbing)
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3382:Divje Babe flute
3289:Archaeoastronomy
3032:Petrosomatoglyph
2766:
2749:
2598:Water management
2401:
2388:
2291:Denticulate tool
2113:Lithic reduction
1846:
1667:
1654:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1542:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1453:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1350:Garten-Zisternen
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1244:Hidden Hydrology
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1192:. Archived from
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1160:10.3390/w5041916
1153:(4): 1916–1940.
1134:
1128:
1127:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1028:
1024:"Cistern Design"
1020:
1014:
1013:
995:
989:
988:
977:
971:
970:
960:
941:
926:
908:Peniche Fortress
903:
886:
873:
846:
823:
814:13th cent. B.C.
805:
751:, southern Italy
744:Silves, Portugal
718:
696:Basilica Cistern
690:Notable examples
575:Basilica Cistern
404:Concrete cistern
297:dry-land farming
221:
214:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4542:
4516:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4407:Pressure sensor
4389:
4383:
4359:Plumber's snake
4302:
4283:Water dispenser
4273:Washing machine
4147:
3973:Flushing trough
3923:Diaphragm valve
3913:Condensate pump
3893:Circulator pump
3873:Butterfly valve
3826:
3797:Solvent welding
3689:Crimp (joining)
3646:
3612:Trap (plumbing)
3587:Surface tension
3464:
3458:
3453:
3423:
3410:
3277:
3263:Stone box grave
3233:Megalithic tomb
3138:Cotswold-Severn
3090:
2995:Guardian stones
2923:Prehistoric art
2917:
2760:
2735:
2724:Timber trackway
2629:
2593:
2589:Wattle and daub
2442:
2421:Standing stones
2395:
2374:
2189:
2016:
1993:
1918:
1835:
1745:Food processing
1740:
1689:New World crops
1661:
1648:
1591:
1586:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1219:www.foundsf.org
1213:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1010:
997:
996:
992:
979:
978:
974:
962:
961:
957:
952:
945:
944:Plastic cistern
942:
933:
927:
918:
906:Cistern in the
904:
895:
880:
874:
865:
859:Mersin Province
847:
838:
824:
815:
813:
806:
797:
775:
712:
692:
623:
607:flushing trough
565:
558:
556:Toilet cisterns
538:southeast Asian
534:
453:CISTERN S.F.F.D
398:
396:Present-day use
350:
348:Castle cisterns
312:Late Bronze Age
250:
245:
226:store rainwater
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4643:
4641:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4483:organizations
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4447:Leak detection
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4417:Water metering
4414:
4412:Water detector
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Plumber wrench
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4298:Water softener
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4128:Vacuum ejector
4125:
4123:Vacuum breaker
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Faucet aerator
3945:
3943:Expansion tank
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Sewage pumping
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3725:Leak detection
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3669:Cast iron pipe
3666:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Venturi effect
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Sanitary sewer
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Drinking water
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Alligator drum
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:lunar calendar
3296:
3285:
3283:
3282:Other cultural
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3086:Venus figurine
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Megalithic art
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2968:Cave paintings
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2770:Material goods
2762:
2761:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2488:
2486:Cliff dwelling
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Fire hardening
2068:
2063:
2061:Clovis culture
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1984:Manis Mastodon
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1863:throwing stick
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1535:
1534:External links
1532:
1529:
1528:
1499:Sustainability
1485:
1467:
1438:Sustainability
1424:
1405:
1376:Sustainability
1362:
1336:
1308:
1280:
1255:
1230:
1206:
1190:Yemen Observer
1176:
1170:2286/R.I.43114
1129:
1122:
1104:
1077:
1058:(3): 331–341.
1042:
1015:
1008:
990:
972:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
943:
936:
934:
928:
921:
919:
905:
898:
896:
876:Aljibe of the
875:
868:
866:
848:
841:
839:
832:Makhtesh Ramon
825:
818:
816:
807:
800:
796:
793:
792:
791:
786:
781:
774:
771:
770:
769:
762:
752:
746:
740:
727:
708:Aljibe of the
706:
691:
688:
622:
619:
557:
554:
533:
530:
524:. The city of
465:electric pumps
397:
394:
349:
346:
328:urban planning
324:ancient Israel
274:Pavurallakonda
249:
246:
244:
241:
173:Middle English
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4642:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Template:HVAC
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Plumbing code
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:and standards
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Control valve
4395:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Drain cleaner
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Hose coupling
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:Closet flange
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Threaded pipe
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Flare fitting
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Copper tubing
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:Grade (slope)
3510:
3508:
3507:Friction loss
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Simple dolmen
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Passage grave
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3189:Gallery grave
3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:Burial mounds
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Statue menhir
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3052:Stone carving
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Sewing needle
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Timber circle
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:Tor enclosure
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:fulacht fiadh
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:spear-thrower
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1870:Bow and arrow
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Grinding slab
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Domestication
1709:
1707:
1706:Digging stick
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Founder crops
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:New Stone Age
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1553:
1552:Old House Web
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1196:on 2012-02-08
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1001:
994:
991:
986:
982:
976:
973:
968:
967:
959:
956:
949:
940:
935:
932:
925:
920:
917:
913:
909:
902:
897:
894:
890:
884:
879:
872:
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:Remains of a
822:
817:
811:
804:
799:
794:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
767:
763:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
728:
726:
722:
716:
711:
707:
705:
701:
697:
694:
693:
689:
687:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
620:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:close coupled
599:
591:
586:
580:
576:
572:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
531:
529:
527:
526:San Francisco
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
497:
493:
491:
487:
482:
477:
475:
470:
466:
462:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:San Francisco
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
402:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
359:
354:
347:
345:
343:
339:
336:
335:Ancient Roman
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
299:communities.
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
275:
270:
262:
254:
247:
242:
240:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
220:
213:
209:
206:
205:Ancient Greek
202:
201:
200:
194:
193:
192:
186:
182:
181:
180:
174:
170:
162:
158:
154:
149:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
4457:Pipe marking
4430:and services
4426:Professions,
4374:Strap wrench
4314:Basin wrench
4293:Water heater
4288:Water filter
4201:Flush toilet
4176:Dehumidifier
4118:Trench drain
4098:Street elbow
4088:Safety valve
4073:Relief valve
4013:Needle valve
3998:Grinder pump
3968:Flow limiter
3953:Float switch
3897:
3888:Chopper pump
3868:Booster pump
3817:Tube bending
3762:Pipe support
3627:Water hammer
3607:Thermosiphon
3537:Neutral axis
3199:wedge-shaped
3184:Funeral pyre
3177:Great dolmen
3133:Chamber tomb
3114:Round barrow
3069:Stone circle
2941:Blombos Cave
2869:Grooved ware
2793:Chalcolithic
2697:Thornborough
2615:Flush toilet
2609:
2550:Blombos Cave
2545:Rock shelter
2501:Quiggly hole
2393:Architecture
2368:illustration
2010:Buffalo jump
1831:Storage pits
1794:Aşıklı Höyük
1784:Ground stone
1620:Subdivisions
1537:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1418:
1408:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1349:
1344:Scheidewig.
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1321:
1311:
1300:. Retrieved
1295:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1270:. 2021-05-30
1267:
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1189:
1179:
1150:
1146:
1132:
1113:
1107:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1034:. Retrieved
1018:
999:
993:
975:
964:
958:
851:Tekir ambarı
755:Asa of Judah
684:
648:Minas Gerais
634:
630:
624:
615:
602:
595:
535:
522:water supply
518:firefighting
502:
478:
458:
452:
438:
407:
380:in Austrian
370:hill castles
367:
332:
301:
285:lime plaster
282:
230:
218:
215:
208:
196:
188:
176:
168:
166:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
4402:Flow sensor
4390:and control
4388:Measurement
4379:Tap and die
4354:Pipe wrench
4339:Driving cap
4231:Laundry tub
4108:Tap (valve)
4093:Sewage pump
4078:Riser clamp
4023:Pinch valve
3993:Grease trap
3988:Globe valve
3978:Flushometer
3963:Floor drain
3958:Float valve
3878:Check valve
3863:Bleed screw
3637:Water table
3577:Storm sewer
3463:Fundamental
3221:unchambered
3216:Long barrow
3206:Grave goods
3162:Court cairn
3157:Clava cairn
3109:Bowl barrow
3047:Rock cupule
2990:Golden hats
2983:Hill figure
2884:Unstan ware
2864:Cord-marked
2729:Sweet Track
2651:Burnt mound
2572:Stilt house
2560:Sibudu Cave
2353:Tally stick
2321:Quern-stone
2306:Hammerstone
2296:Fire plough
2267:Pesse canoe
2225:Bannerstone
2195:Other tools
2108:Lithic core
2056:Aurignacian
1944:Bare Island
1826:Quern-stone
1522:2066/183903
1461:2066/183903
1399:2066/183903
1352:(in German)
1298:(in German)
1268:FireRescue1
963:"cistern".
881: [
834:, southern
764:Cistern in
742:Cistern in
713: [
596:The modern
590:rain barrel
579:Justinian I
550:piped water
505:greenhouses
474:water tanks
390:sand filter
378:Riegersburg
356:One of the
283:Waterproof
195:, from
183:; from
161:groundwater
135:(Mazagan),
4605:Reservoirs
4599:Categories
4462:Pipefitter
4349:Pipecutter
4329:Core drill
4216:Humidifier
4181:Dishwasher
4143:Zone valve
4138:Water tank
3983:Gate valve
3858:Ball valve
3831:Components
3651:Technology
3622:Wastewater
3582:Stormwater
3360:trepanning
3253:Ring cairn
3211:Jar burial
3194:transepted
3126:U.S. sites
3027:Petroglyph
2953:Bird stone
2911:wine press
2584:Stone roof
2567:Roundhouse
2459:long house
2436:Stonehenge
2404:Ceremonial
2348:Stone tool
2175:Tool stone
2145:Metallurgy
2049:Mousterian
2026:Toolmaking
1964:Cumberland
1937:Transverse
1907:Schöningen
1799:Qesem cave
1767:Earth oven
1721:Irrigation
1632:Technology
1600:Prehistory
1505:(3): 622.
1444:(3): 622.
1382:(3): 622.
1356:2020-04-13
1302:2020-04-12
1274:2024-08-08
1249:2024-08-08
1224:2024-08-08
1200:2020-05-11
1093:: 134–46.
1036:2020-04-13
981:"Cisterns"
950:References
812:, Argolis,
664:Pernambuco
434:mosquitoes
410:irrigation
237:reservoirs
171:(from
106:April 2023
76:newspapers
4481:Industry
4467:Pipelayer
4324:Borescope
4319:Blowtorch
4258:Sump pump
3792:Soldering
3757:Pipe dope
3720:Hydronics
3592:Tap water
3557:Sewer gas
3522:Heat trap
3517:Greywater
3487:Corrosion
3404:symbolism
3268:Tor cairn
3226:Grønsalen
3167:Cremation
3059:Sculpture
3037:Pictogram
3022:Petroform
2842:amber use
2810:Cosmetics
2620:Reservoir
2605:Check dam
2535:Pueblitos
2530:Pit-house
2513:Longhouse
2447:Dwellings
2316:Microlith
2247:Bow drill
2242:Bone tool
2235:prismatic
2044:Acheulean
1959:Cresswell
1932:Arrowhead
1858:Boomerang
1774:Granaries
1736:Terracing
1615:Stone Age
1329:30 August
828:Nabataean
768:37:20, 22
734:El Jadida
546:Indonesia
416:or other
338:impluvium
318:. In the
308:Tel Hazor
289:Neolithic
157:rainwater
137:El Jadida
65:"Cistern"
4625:Plumbing
4547:See also
4533:Scalding
4221:Icemaker
4008:Manifold
3567:Sewerage
3547:Pressure
3502:Fuel gas
3477:Backflow
3465:concepts
3456:Plumbing
3042:Rock art
3005:painting
2978:Geoglyph
2803:timeline
2783:Beadwork
2523:Mehrgarh
2518:Mudbrick
2426:megalith
2301:Fire-saw
2123:debitage
2118:analysis
2086:Hand axe
2066:Cupstone
1644:Glossary
1605:Timeline
1545:Cisterns
1323:BBC News
1141:(2013).
1099:41223308
916:Portugal
773:See also
759:Jeremiah
700:Istanbul
542:Malaysia
536:In some
509:Flanders
490:bacteria
481:chlorine
362:Carthage
320:Iron Age
316:Ta'anakh
191:cisterna
179:cisterne
4472:Plumber
4428:trades,
4369:Plunger
4278:Washlet
4166:Bathtub
4068:Reducer
3898:Cistern
3802:Swaging
3782:Sealant
3658:Brazing
3399:Symbols
3010:pigment
2896:Weaving
2859:Cardium
2854:Pottery
2849:Mirrors
2837:Jewelry
2778:Baskets
2758:culture
2610:Cistern
2416:Pyramid
2358:Weapons
2336:Scraper
2326:Racloir
2286:Cleaver
2274:Chopper
2180:Uniface
2091:Grooves
2081:Hafting
2039:Oldowan
1998:Systems
1949:Cascade
1912:woomera
1902:harpoon
1875:history
1841:Hunting
1821:Pottery
1762:Cooking
1671:Farming
1637:history
1610:Outline
1482:. 2016.
912:Peniche
889:Cáceres
855:Silifke
810:Mycenae
795:Gallery
766:Genesis
738:Morocco
721:Cáceres
668:Paraíba
660:Alagoas
656:Sergipe
532:Bathing
486:toilets
414:filters
243:Origins
169:cistern
141:Morocco
90:scholar
4559:Piping
4268:Urinal
4236:Shower
3742:O-ring
3715:Gasket
3572:Siphon
3562:Sewage
3377:flutes
3172:Dolmen
3096:Burial
2906:winery
2879:Linear
2709:Midden
2687:Cursus
2680:Goseck
2540:Pueblo
2491:Dugout
2476:Burdei
2155:Mining
1979:Lamoka
1974:Folsom
1954:Clovis
1811:Metate
1789:Hearth
1757:Basket
1731:Sickle
1120:
1097:
1072:124254
1070:
1006:
863:Turkey
836:Israel
749:Matera
704:Turkey
598:toilet
469:debris
432:or to
382:Styria
364:, 1930
304:Israel
293:Levant
143:(1514)
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
4171:Bidet
4133:Valve
3777:Putty
3747:Oakum
3738:(NPS)
3732:(NPT)
3711:(GHT)
3665:(BSP)
3294:sites
3238:Mummy
2958:Cairn
2874:Jōmon
2825:shoes
2820:Hides
2692:Henge
2646:Broch
2508:Jacal
2363:Wheel
2311:Knife
2257:Canoe
2252:Burin
2230:Blade
2128:flake
1989:Plano
1897:baton
1887:Spear
1853:Arrow
1806:Manos
1659:Tools
1292:(PDF)
1147:Water
1095:JSTOR
1068:JSTOR
1027:(PDF)
931:Japan
893:Spain
885:]
725:Spain
717:]
680:Piauí
676:Ceará
652:Bahia
611:bidet
503:Many
463:with
461:wells
430:algae
374:wells
342:domus
278:India
233:wells
219:kístē
212:κίστη
207:
199:cista
187:
185:Latin
175:
97:JSTOR
83:books
4248:Sink
4053:Pump
3642:Well
3532:Leak
3387:gudi
3145:Cist
3074:list
2901:Wine
2830:Ötzi
2815:Glue
2788:Beds
2756:and
2754:Arts
2625:Well
2481:Cave
2411:Kiva
2341:side
2331:Rope
2279:tool
2213:bone
2203:Adze
1969:Eden
1882:Nets
1752:Fire
1716:Goad
1701:Celt
1331:2019
1118:ISBN
1004:ISBN
678:and
635:P1MC
544:and
422:rain
386:lava
333:The
153:well
69:news
2496:Hut
2431:row
2262:Oar
2220:Axe
2208:Awl
1517:hdl
1507:doi
1456:hdl
1446:doi
1394:hdl
1384:doi
1165:hdl
1155:doi
1060:doi
853:in
732:in
719:in
698:in
682:).
633:or
625:In
276:in
52:by
4601::
1515:.
1503:10
1501:.
1497:.
1478:.
1454:.
1442:10
1440:.
1436:.
1417:.
1392:.
1380:10
1378:.
1374:.
1348:.
1320:.
1294:.
1266:.
1242:.
1217:.
1188:.
1163:.
1149:.
1145:.
1089:.
1066:.
1056:11
1054:.
1029:.
983:.
914:,
910:,
891:,
887:,
883:es
861:,
857:,
736:,
723:,
715:es
702:,
674:,
670:,
666:,
662:,
658:,
654:,
650:,
613:.
588:A
360:,
330:.
239:.
167:A
139:,
3448:e
3441:t
3434:v
1581:e
1574:t
1567:v
1525:.
1519::
1509::
1464:.
1458::
1448::
1421:.
1402:.
1396::
1386::
1359:.
1333:.
1305:.
1277:.
1252:.
1227:.
1203:.
1173:.
1167::
1157::
1151:5
1126:.
1101:.
1091:7
1074:.
1062::
1039:.
1012:.
987:.
646:(
222:)
216:(
163:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
