275:
17:
668:
175:
Lauffray, Jean (1977) « Beyrouth. Archéologie et
Historie, époques gréco-romaines. I. Période hellénistique et Haut-Empire romain", Aufstieg und Niedergang der Romischen Welt. II.8 : 135-163, Wallter de Gruyter,
171:
Davie, Michael F., Makaroun, Yasmine and
Nordiguian, Leon (1997). Les Qanater Zubaydé et l’alimentation en eau de Beyrouth et de ses environs à l’époque romaine, Bulletin d’Archéologie et d’Architecture Libanaises
201:
656:
194:
85:
The Romans constructed an aqueduct which crossed the river at
Qanater Zbaydeh and followed the slopes of Hazmieh to Mar Mikhael and Furn Al-Chebak. The water finally reached
187:
649:
70:. The cisterns were built in order to store water for a city of nearly 50,000 inhabitants and in the Roman centuries this was a big engineering accomplishment.
1611:
1606:
634:
642:
1616:
577:
93:, it was stored in large cisterns. An intricate network of lead or clay pipes and channels distributed the water to the various pools of the
78:
For centuries, the streams and wells of Ain Naba’, Berjawi and
Khandaq Al-Ghamiq provided Beirut with fresh water. At the time of
1008:
773:
623:
346:
1528:
274:
562:
1513:
1213:
532:
311:
301:
259:
572:
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123:
1463:
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517:
156:
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1601:
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306:
1518:
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456:
113:
1178:
1173:
1053:
723:
607:
547:
376:
361:
101:
82:, four large bath complexes as well as numerous private baths increased the city’s water consumption.
1423:
1418:
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1543:
411:
264:
1448:
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527:
234:
229:
138:
128:
94:
86:
67:
63:
1473:
783:
522:
62:, whose main source was located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the city. When the water reached
1503:
1263:
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1188:
728:
461:
296:
254:
249:
1596:
1508:
1128:
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351:
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838:
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552:
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291:
118:
79:
47:
1493:
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1408:
1398:
1393:
1368:
1353:
1343:
1318:
1293:
1048:
1033:
963:
948:
943:
938:
823:
813:
441:
59:
32:
21:
1553:
1488:
1458:
1388:
1338:
1158:
1088:
988:
738:
557:
133:
90:
1568:
1548:
1438:
1363:
1283:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1203:
1153:
1043:
958:
883:
788:
763:
758:
713:
708:
451:
431:
391:
356:
331:
157:
https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/assemblage/html/4/4rxt.html
20:
The
Cisterns of the Roman Baths were discovered under the gardens facing the
1373:
1303:
1248:
1108:
1103:
1083:
1073:
1023:
993:
973:
888:
808:
798:
436:
426:
381:
66:, it was stored in large cisterns and then distributed to the pools of the
1573:
1558:
1063:
1018:
998:
863:
703:
537:
496:
326:
36:
1223:
1208:
1163:
1138:
1078:
1068:
1038:
983:
978:
933:
903:
818:
793:
778:
718:
683:
667:
406:
224:
43:
1193:
1028:
878:
843:
828:
803:
733:
693:
466:
401:
371:
336:
39:
1523:
1198:
698:
688:
471:
316:
15:
953:
928:
918:
768:
753:
386:
341:
321:
46:. The cisterns were built in order to store and supply water to
638:
183:
1123:
100:
The cisterns were damaged and partially destroyed during the
505:
282:
215:
58:The Romans constructed an aqueduct fed by the
650:
195:
8:
159:THE LIFE AND DEATHS OF A HOT BATH IN BEIRUT]
657:
643:
635:
202:
188:
180:
31:are archaeological remains built during
563:List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon
149:
620:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
578:Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral
210:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon
104:. Since then they were no more used.
7:
1612:Monuments and memorials in Lebanon
1607:Buildings and structures in Beirut
14:
497:Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune
666:
273:
673:Archaeological sites in Lebanon
624:Category:Roman sites in Lebanon
1529:Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
397:Khirbet El-Knese roman temples
1:
1617:Tourist attractions in Beirut
89:; there, at the foot of the
1214:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
1174:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
553:Saint Barbara of Heliopolis
533:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
472:Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"
312:Temples of the Beqaa Valley
302:Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)
265:Roman Law school of Berytus
260:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
29:Cisterns of the Roman Baths
1633:
573:Catholic Church in Lebanon
1464:Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
1114:Phoenician port of Beirut
1034:Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
679:
616:
518:Phoenice (Roman province)
377:Mansourieh Roman aqueduct
271:
250:Berytus Colonnaded street
240:Cisterns of Berytus Baths
834:Canalizations of Zenobia
477:Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum
417:Monastery of Saint Maron
367:Canalizations of Zenobia
102:big earthquake of 551 AD
1019:Kouachra megalith field
909:Heliopolis in Phoenicia
568:Christianity in Lebanon
332:Ain Harcha roman temple
307:Temples of Mount Hermon
245:Berytus Cardo Decumanus
1519:Temple of the Obelisks
1169:Roman Forum of Berytus
1069:Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
819:Berytus (Roman Beirut)
603:6th century in Lebanon
598:5th century in Lebanon
593:4th century in Lebanon
588:3rd century in Lebanon
583:2nd century in Lebanon
543:Marcus Valerius Probus
230:Roman Forum of Berytus
114:List of Roman cisterns
25:
1179:Roman temple of Bziza
724:Akkar plain foothills
608:551 Beirut earthquake
548:Eudokia of Heliopolis
482:Tripolis in Phoenicia
19:
467:Schleem roman temple
447:Qal'at Bustra temple
412:Monastery of Qozhaya
407:Libbaya roman temple
1434:Tell Rasm El Hadeth
528:Phoenice Libanensis
402:Labweh Roman temple
235:Berytus Roman Baths
129:Riad Al Solh Square
87:Riad Al Solh Square
64:Riad Al Solh Square
35:and are located in
1474:Tell Sultan Yakoub
1424:Tell Neba'a Litani
1419:Tell Neba'a Chaate
784:Baidar ech Chamout
523:Palaestina Secunda
422:Nahle roman temple
392:Kafr Zabad temples
26:
24:building and tower
1582:
1581:
1514:Temple of Jupiter
1504:Temple of Bacchus
1264:Tell Ain Ghessali
1259:Tell Ain el Meten
1189:Saraain El Faouqa
632:
631:
462:Saraain El Faouqa
297:Temple of Bacchus
255:Byzantine mosaics
1624:
1509:Temple of Eshmun
1119:Plain of Zgharta
1059:Maronite mummies
1014:Khirbet El-Knese
969:Kamouh el Hermel
899:Haret ech Cheikh
869:Douris (Baalbek)
849:Deir El Aachayer
671:
670:
659:
652:
645:
636:
427:Nebi Safa temple
382:Hebbariye temple
337:Amioun Monastery
285:(actual Lebanon)
277:
204:
197:
190:
181:
160:
154:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1534:Tyre Necropolis
1429:Tell Qasr Labwe
1379:Tell Kabb Elias
1349:Tell Hoch Rafqa
1329:Tell El Ghassil
1299:Tell Bir Dakoue
1274:Tell Ain Saouda
1269:Tell Ain Nfaikh
1219:Tahun ben Aissa
1184:Sands of Beirut
924:Jabal es Saaïdé
874:Elaea (Lebanon)
859:Deir Mar Maroun
675:
665:
663:
633:
628:
612:
501:
492:Tyre Necropolis
457:Castra El Banat
327:Ain Aata temple
284:
283:Roman Phoenicia
278:
269:
218:(actual Beirut)
217:
211:
208:
168:
163:
155:
151:
147:
110:
76:
56:
12:
11:
5:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:Roman cisterns
1599:
1589:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Temnin el-Foka
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Tell Taalabaya
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1414:Tell Nahariyah
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Tell Majdaloun
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Tell El Hadeth
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:Tell Derzenoun
1311:
1309:Tell Delhamieh
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1289:Tell Bar Elias
1286:
1281:
1279:Tell Ain Sofar
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Tell Ain Cerif
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:Qalaat Tannour
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:Nahle, Lebanon
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1004:Khallet Michte
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
744:Anjar, Lebanon
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
677:
676:
664:
662:
661:
654:
647:
639:
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629:
627:
626:
621:
617:
614:
613:
611:
610:
605:
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585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
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530:
525:
520:
515:
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507:
503:
502:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
286:
280:
279:
272:
270:
268:
267:
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252:
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237:
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227:
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219:
213:
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209:
207:
206:
199:
192:
184:
178:
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173:
167:
164:
162:
161:
148:
146:
143:
142:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
109:
106:
75:
72:
55:
52:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1629:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:Tell Shamsine
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Tell Mureibit
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Tell Khardane
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:Tell el-Burak
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Ras Baalbek I
1147:
1145:
1144:Qasr el Banat
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Qal'at Bustra
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
914:Hermel plains
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Deir Al-Ahmar
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Dahr El Ahmar
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:Augusti Pagus
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:Antelias cave
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
674:
669:
660:
655:
653:
648:
646:
641:
640:
637:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
513:Roman Lebanon
511:
510:
508:
504:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Dakoue temple
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Augusti Pagus
345:
343:
342:Arca Caesarea
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
281:
276:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
220:
216:Roman Berytus
214:
205:
200:
198:
193:
191:
186:
185:
182:
174:
170:
169:
165:
158:
153:
150:
144:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
124:Roman Lebanon
122:
120:
119:Roman Berytus
117:
115:
112:
111:
107:
105:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
80:Roman Berytus
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
53:
51:
49:
48:Roman Berytus
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
23:
18:
1584:
1494:Tell Zeitoun
1484:Tell Wardeen
1454:Tell Saoudhi
1449:Tell Safiyeh
1444:Tell Saatiya
1409:Tell Murtafa
1399:Tell Meouchi
1394:Tell Mekhada
1369:Tell Jezireh
1354:Tell Karmita
1344:Tell Hazzine
1319:Tell Dibbine
1294:Tell Beshara
1099:Neba'a Faour
1049:Majdal Anjar
964:Kamid el-Loz
949:Joub Jannine
944:Jeita Grotto
939:Jebel Aabeby
894:Hadeth south
824:Bustan Birke
814:Belat temple
452:Castra Chbib
442:Qalaat Faqra
362:Bziza temple
352:Bakka temple
317:Aaqbe temple
239:
166:Bibliography
152:
99:
84:
77:
60:Beirut River
57:
28:
27:
22:Grand Serail
1554:Wadi Yaroun
1544:Umm al-Amad
1489:Tell Zenoub
1459:Tell Serhan
1389:Tell Masoud
1339:Tell Fadous
1159:Ras El Kelb
1089:Nachcharini
989:Kafr Tebnit
739:Amlaq Qatih
558:Coele-Syria
387:Iaat column
139:Roman Baths
134:Serail Hill
95:Roman Baths
91:Serail Hill
68:Roman Baths
33:Roman times
1591:Categories
1569:Ain W Zain
1549:Wadi Koura
1439:Tell Rayak
1364:Tell Kirri
1284:Tell Ayoub
1244:Tell Addus
1239:Tell Ablah
1234:Tell Aalaq
1204:Sin el Fil
1154:Ras Beirut
1054:Mansourieh
1044:Lion Tower
959:Kafr Zabad
884:Fadous Sud
789:Batroumine
764:Ard Tlaili
759:Ard Saouda
714:Ain Harcha
709:Ain Choaab
357:Batroumine
292:Heliopolis
172:2:262-289.
145:References
1374:Tell Jisr
1304:Tell Deir
1249:Tell Ahle
1109:Hosn Niha
1104:Nebi Safa
1084:Nabi Zair
1074:Moukhtara
1024:Ksar Akil
994:Kfar Qouq
974:Karak Nuh
889:Hebbariye
809:Beit Mery
799:Bechamoun
437:Hosn Niha
1559:Yammoune
1064:Mayrouba
1009:Kharayeb
999:Kfarhata
864:Dekwaneh
729:Al-Bireh
704:Ain Aata
538:Ulpianus
108:See also
54:Overview
37:downtown
1597:Berytus
1209:Sarepta
1164:Rashaya
1139:Qaraoun
1079:Mtaileb
1039:Libbaya
984:Kefraya
979:Kaukaba
934:Jdeideh
904:Hashbai
794:Batroun
779:Baalbek
719:Akbiyeh
684:Aadloun
506:Related
225:Berytus
176:Berlin.
74:History
44:Lebanon
1229:Tayibe
1194:Shheem
1029:Labweh
879:Flaoui
844:Dakoue
829:Byblos
804:Beirut
754:Apheca
734:Amioun
694:Aammiq
40:Beirut
1574:Zahlé
1564:Yanta
1524:Toron
1224:Taire
1199:Sidon
699:Aaqbe
689:Aaiha
487:Tyrus
1539:Tyre
954:Jieh
929:Jbaa
919:Iaat
769:Arqa
432:Niha
322:Afqa
1124:Qaa
1593::
97:.
50:.
42:,
658:e
651:t
644:v
203:e
196:t
189:v
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