766:. Females live up to 5 years, while males live up to 3, occasionally 4 years. Female fecundity is usually greater than 169 young in a lifetime, and may reach up to 102 for any given brood. All females generally contain embryos from May to August and young are born from June through October in eastern North America in shallow water, then females begin migrating to deeper water for the winter in the fall. Females bear more young in their 4th and 5th years than in other years.
670:
98:
73:
49:
1606:
720:, and ponds with aquatic grass, creeping at the bottom of the water or on aquatic grasses. It prefers lentic water bodies with silt, sand, and mud substrate in eastern North America, although it can survive in slower regions of streams as well. It can tolerate conditions in stagnant waters near septic tanks.
434:
753:
eater in an aquarium context. These snails are popular in freshwater aquariums because they do not eat fish eggs or plants, they do not overpopulate the aquarium, and they close up if there is a water problem, giving people an indication that something is wrong a few weeks before the fish die.
481:
is a large gastropod species generally 40 millimetres (1.6 in) in shell height and 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in shell width, the largest being 60 millimetres (2.4 in) in height and 40 millimetres (1.6 in) wide. The shell height can reach up to 65 millimetres (2.6 in).
708:. This was investigated by Natural England and the snails were found to be present in a boating lake and an ornamental lake on the Common. How the snails were introduced in not known but it was either through release from aquaria or from snails imported for food.
1480:
Chung, P. R.; Jung, Y. (1999). "Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata (Gastropoda: Viviparidae): A new second molluscan intermediate host of a human intestinal fluke
Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Korea".
868:
because the meat of the snail is considered delicious, being rich in nutrition, with a high content of protein and low fat content. Moreover, in China it is also used as a medicine for treatment of digestive disease.
723:
This species has been found in waters in eastern North
America with pH 6.5–8.4, calcium concentration of 5–97 ppm, magnesium concentration of 13–31 ppm, oxygen concentration of 7–11 ppm, depths of 0.2–7m,
731:
The optimal water temperature for it to grow and develop is between 20 and 28 °C. It will hibernate while water temperature is lower than 10-15 °C or higher than 30 °C.
529:, but there is so much variation even within one species that it is not a good diagnostic characteristic. However, as a general guide, in one North American population, the radula of
1524:
Alevs, Philippe V.; Vieira, Fabiano M.; Santos, Cláudia P.; Scholz, Tomáš; Luque, José L. (2015-02-12). "A Checklist of the
Aspidogastrea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of the World".
500:
In juveniles, the last shell whorl displays a distinct carina, and the shell contains grooves with 20 striae/mm between each groove. Juveniles also have a detailed pattern on their
365:
Taxonomy of the introduced populations of
Oriental mystery snails is confusing and there are many scientific names in use. There has also been debate regarding whether or not
472:
exhibits light coloration as a juvenile and olive green, greenish brown, brown or reddish brown pigmentation as an adult. The inner coloration is white to pale blue.
1288:
948:
Solomon C. T., Olden J. D., Johnson P. T. J., Dillon R. T. & Vander Zanden M. J. (2010). "Distribution and community-level effects of the
Chinese mystery snail (
1757:
1845:
1992:
1379:
1319:
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in the late 1800s. It was collected as early as 1914 in Boston. It was probably released from an aquarium into the
Niagara River between 1931 and 1942.
1925:
1718:
2007:
1783:
725:
864:
This species constitutes one of the three predominant freshwater snails found in
Chinese markets. This snail is extensively used as part of the
504:
consisting of two apical and three body whorl rows of hairs with long hooks on the ends, distinct ridges and many other hairs with short hooks.
2002:
652:
was found for the first time in Oneida Lake, which flows to Lake
Ontario, in 1977–1978. Jokinen (1982) records occurrences of populations of
1108:
557:
656:
in the drainages of Lake Erie, Lake
Ontario and Lake Michigan, from the states of Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, and New York.
963:
1964:
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669:
924:
914:. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2013.
742:
feeds non-selectively on organic and inorganic bottom material as well as benthic and epiphytic algae, mostly by scraping, but
563:
The native range is from
Southeast Asia to Japan and eastern Russia. This species is widely distributed in China including the
716:
This species prefers freshwater lakes with soft, muddy or silty bottoms, reservoirs, slow-moving freshwater rivers, streams,
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plate that most snails in this clade possess. When the soft parts of the snail are fully retracted, the operculum seals the
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grows allometrically (the height increasing faster than the width) and does so at a decreased rate in comparison with
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Heavy Predation on Freshwater Bryozoans by the Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 (Ampullariidae)
644:
in the Great Lakes dates from some time between 1931 and 1942 from the Niagara River, which flows into Lake Ontario.
1850:
796:
540:) do not possess a siphon. They give live birth, and like all aquatic snails they only have one set of tentacles.
1383:
31:
513:
371:
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852:
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397:. Literature cited in the USGS database regarding the Chinese mystery snail may employ the following names:
594:
This snail is an introduced species in the United States. It is found in "any or all of the tributaries on
533:
had seven small cusps on the marginal tooth and a large central cusp with four small cusps on either side.
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1176:"Mid-Neolithic Exploitation of Mollusks in the Guanzhong Basin of Northwestern China: Preliminary Results"
1130:
810:
803:
595:
1904:
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Lv S., Zhang Y., Steinmann P. &, Zhou X.-N. (2008). "Emerging angiostrongyliasis in mainland China".
1445:
1236:
2012:
1453:
778:
564:
393:
to refer to these introduced snails, Oriental mystery snails discussed here are referred to by the name
346:
341:
The Japanese variety of this species is black and usually a dark green, moss-like alga covers the shell.
322:
267:
202:
895:
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference and public domain text from the reference
1997:
1969:
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can be identified by their relatively large globose shells and concentrically marked opercula. The
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62:
1824:
1612:
1638:
1498:
1334:"Chinese and Banded Mystery Snails Bellamy (Cipangopa ludina) chinensis and Vivaparus georgianus"
705:
490:
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in North America are synonymous and simply different phenotypes of the same species. For example
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age. These are remains of prehistoric meals. The flesh was eaten mainly as subsidiary food.
588:
318:
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1956:
927:. Indiana/US Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
1938:
1466:
1112:
967:
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The surface of the shell is smooth with clear growth lines. The shell has 6.0–7.0 whorls.
457:
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17:
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1986:
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are probably the most nutritious food it ingests at sites in eastern North America.
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Li, F.; Wu, N.; Lu, H.; Zhang, J.; Wang, W.; Ma, M.; Zhang, X.; Yang, X. (2013).
1837:
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1591:; The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6(1): 31-36, May 2006
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The Chinese mystery snail was first recorded in England from a ditch in the
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of the shell, providing some protection against drying out and predation.
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389:; however, because most North American literature does not use the genus
379:
database considers the two as separate species. Smith (2000) argues that
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1635:
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in September 2018 and early in 2022 a second population was reported on
1930:
1723:
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occurs in Lake Erie, where it was introduced some time prior to 1968.
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883:
This snail is also one of the rice field snail species traditionally
697:
518:
119:
1644:
1494:
1605:
1128:(Gastropoda: Viviparidae) species in northeastern North America".
432:
1104:". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
1356:(Gastropoda: Viviparidae) in North America, review and update".
750:
376:
1648:
1106:
https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1045
1100:
Kipp R. M., Benson A. J., Larson J. & Fusaro A. (2013). "
838:
It is also a common host to larvae of echinostomes in the
728:
of 63–400 μmhos/cm, and sodium concentration of 2–49 ppm.
1124:
Smith D. G. (2000). "Notes on the taxonomy of introduced
1404:
Martin J. Willing (2023). "Wildlife Reports: Molluscs".
560:, this species has established itself in North America.
1241:) at Buckhorn Island State Park, Erie County, New York"
872:
Its shells are abundant in archaeological sites in the
1262:"Pawtuckaway Lake Aquatic Invasive Species Refresher"
627:
Schuylkill River and Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania;
762:
Reproduction is initiated sexually. This species is
1874:
1657:
605:The nonindigenous distribution in the USA include:
1115:Revision Date: 6 May 2012. Accessed 24 March 2013.
925:"Aquatic Invasive Species: Chinese Mystery Snail"
663:where it is illegal to release it into the wild.
580:This species was sold in Chinese food markets in
468:and the spire is produced at an angle of 65–80°.
1615:(1935). 朝鮮に於けるマルタニシの分布に就いて "The distribution of
633:a few isolated locations in Maine and Virginia.
609:various ponds in Connecticut and Massachusetts;
876:Basin of Northwestern China from the Mid-Late
777:serves in its native habitat as a host and a
8:
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452:is conical and thin but solid, with a sharp
1448:. Malacological Review Supplement 1: 1–117.
1446:"The freshwater snails of Taiwan (Formosa)"
1024:
1022:
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1016:
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835:in Korea - this parasite may infect humans.
1645:
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906:Köhler F., Do V. & Jinghua F. (2012).
486:has a width to height ratio of 0.74–0.82.
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624:Hudson River and Niagara River, New York;
640:Great Lakes Region: The first record of
985:(Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)"
899:
665:
1462:
1451:
1318:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1311:
636:Minnesota: 80 waters known as of 2016
464:. This species has a small and round
345:The name "trapdoor snail" refers the
7:
1993:IUCN Red List least concern species
403:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleatus
1102:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
866:human diet in most places in China
646:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
642:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
630:Annaquatucket River, Rhode Island;
602:in the United States and Canada."
407:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
367:Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata
25:
1380:"Minnesota invasive species laws"
781:to numerous parasites including:
1604:
952:) in northern Wisconsin lakes".
668:
96:
1237:"The Oriental Mystery Mollusc (
612:various ponds in New Hampshire;
56:A live individual out of water
2008:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
1:
784:As an intermediate host for:
749:This species is primarily an
618:Cocheco River, New Hampshire;
493:is ovoid with a simple outer
415:Viviparus chinensis malleatus
263:Viviparus chinensis malleatus
2003:Gastropods described in 1834
1569:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1203:10.1371/journal.pone.0058999
797:Echinocasmus redioduplicatus
587:It has become a problematic
423:Bellamya chinensis malleatus
1483:The Journal of Parasitology
1243:. Missouri Botanical Garden
621:Delaware River, New Jersey;
2029:
571:Nonindigenous distribution
29:
1659:Cipangopaludina chinensis
1627:(REEVE) in Chosen". ヴヰナス
1538:10.11646/zootaxa.3918.3.2
1354:Cipangopaludina chinensis
1239:Cipangopaludina chinensis
983:Cipangopaludina chinensis
910:Cipangopaludina chinensis
740:Cipangopaludina chinensis
654:Cipangopaludina chinensis
650:Cipangopaludina chinensis
598:and on both sides of the
531:Cipangopaludina chinensis
527:Cipangopaludina chinensis
509:Cipangopaludina chinensis
484:Cipangopaludina chinensis
470:Cipangopaludina chinensis
399:Cipangopaludina chinensis
314:Cipangopaludina chinensis
234:
227:
212:Cipangopaludina chinensis
208:
201:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
18:Cipangopaludina chinensis
615:Potomac River, Maryland;
523:Cipangopaludina japonica
521:also may differ between
514:Cipangopaludina japonica
372:Cipangopaludina japonica
32:Cipangopaludina malleata
30:Not to be confused with
1352:Jokinen E. H. (1982). "
853:Aspidogaster conchicola
832:Echinostoma cinetorchis
825:Echinostoma macrorachis
536:Mystery snails (unlike
1461:Cite journal requires
818:Eupariphium recurvatum
790:Echinocasmus elongatus
456:and relatively higher
441:
243:(original combination)
42:Chinese mystery snail
565:Chinese Loess Plateau
444:Species of the genus
436:
301:Chinese mystery snail
280:Viviparus stelmaphora
1444:Pace, G. L. (1973).
989:www.molluscabase.org
954:Biological Invasions
811:Eupariphium ilocanum
804:Echinocasmus rugosus
677:Naperville, Illinois
552:from the tropics of
27:Species of gastropod
1625:chinensis malleatus
1269:Pawtuckawaylake.com
1194:2013PLoSO...858999L
659:It is regulated in
411:Viviparus malleatus
275:Viviparus japonicus
63:Conservation status
1876:Bellamya chinensis
1639:Zasshi Kiji Sakuin
1111:2017-05-25 at the
966:2016-03-03 at the
950:Bellamya chinensis
850:include trematode
848:Bellamya chinensis
775:Bellamya chinensis
706:Southampton Common
479:Bellamya chinensis
442:
439:Bellamya chinensis
419:Bellamya chinensis
321:with gills and an
290:Paludina japonicus
255:Vivipara chinensis
247:Bellamya chinensis
238:Paludina chinensis
1980:
1979:
1952:Open Tree of Life
1651:Taxon identifiers
885:eaten in Thailand
548:Though native to
385:is a subgenus of
297:
296:
285:Paludina malleata
271:
259:
251:
242:
194:C. chinensis
160:Architaenioglossa
86:
16:(Redirected from
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1599:Further reading
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1495:10.2307/3285837
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446:Cipangopaludina
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395:Cipangopaludina
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317:), is a large
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1923:
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1901:
1897:
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1886:
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1618:
1614:
1610:(in Japanese)
1607:
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1574:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:(3): 339–96.
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1425:
1424:"Pond Snails"
1419:
1416:
1412:(2): 137–139.
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1386:on 2007-07-01
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1301:on 2016-12-25
1297:
1290:
1284:
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1235:Eckel, P. M.
1231:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:(3): e58999.
1187:
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1168:
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1007:
1003:
990:
986:
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973:
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959:: 1591-1605.
958:
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951:
945:
942:
931:on 2007-08-29
930:
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917:
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890:
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867:
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857:
855:
854:
849:
846:Parasites of
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
826:
822:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:
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794:
792:
791:
787:
786:
785:
782:
780:
776:
769:
767:
765:
764:ovoviviparous
757:
755:
752:
747:
745:
741:
734:
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729:
727:
721:
719:
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664:
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632:
629:
626:
623:
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614:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
601:
600:Niagara River
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
582:San Francisco
576:United States
575:
570:
568:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
543:
541:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
507:The shell of
505:
503:
498:
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492:
487:
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476:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
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428:
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396:
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388:
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291:
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256:
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245:
239:
236:
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233:
230:
226:
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215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
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190:
187:
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183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
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138:
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124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2013:Algae eaters
1875:
1658:
1634:(1): 17–22.
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1588:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1454:cite journal
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1426:. thePondGuy
1418:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1374:
1362:
1359:The Nautilus
1357:
1353:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1328:
1303:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1238:
1230:
1185:
1179:
1135:
1131:The Nautilus
1129:
1125:
1120:
1101:
993:. Retrieved
988:
982:
975:
956:
953:
949:
944:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
909:
902:
894:
882:
871:
863:
851:
847:
845:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
783:
774:
773:
761:
748:
739:
738:
730:
726:conductivity
722:
718:paddy fields
715:
691:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
639:
604:
596:Grand Island
593:
586:
579:
562:
556:to northern
547:
544:Distribution
538:apple snails
535:
530:
526:
522:
512:
508:
506:
502:periostracum
499:
488:
483:
478:
477:
474:
469:
460:and distant
445:
443:
438:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
380:
370:
366:
364:
344:
313:
312:
308:
304:
300:
298:
289:
284:
279:
274:
262:
258:(Gray, 1834)
254:
250:(Gray, 1834)
246:
237:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
36:
1998:Viviparidae
1820:NatureServe
1745:iNaturalist
995:15 December
702:iNaturalist
429:Description
337:Viviparidae
305:black snail
170:Viviparidae
1987:Categories
1430:2007-07-17
1390:2007-07-17
1339:2016-06-30
1305:2019-07-25
1274:2022-03-18
1247:2007-07-17
935:2007-07-17
891:References
758:Life cycle
462:body whorl
349:, an oval
241:Gray, 1834
146:Subclass:
140:Gastropoda
1674:Q59771146
1636:record in
1629:The Venus
1617:Viviparus
1546:1175-5334
878:Neolithic
874:Guanzhong
860:Human use
770:Parasites
661:Minnesota
554:Indochina
550:East Asia
466:umbilicus
437:Shell of
347:operculum
330:gastropod
323:operculum
188:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
1891:Q3707299
1885:Wikidata
1825:2.116697
1763:10237833
1682:BioLib:
1668:Wikidata
1613:Shiba N.
1554:25781098
1511:10577736
1314:cite web
1222:23544050
1181:PLoS ONE
1139:: 31–37.
1126:Bellamya
1109:Archived
964:Archived
491:aperture
391:Bellamya
387:Bellamya
361:Taxonomy
355:aperture
351:corneous
229:Synonyms
166:Family:
130:Mollusca
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
1931:7951273
1724:9738098
1526:Zootaxa
1503:3285837
1213:3601151
1190:Bibcode
744:diatoms
712:Ecology
333:mollusk
327:aquatic
270:, 1863)
222:, 1834)
176:Genus:
156:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
1970:955620
1944:199364
1905:608931
1864:594807
1851:527796
1802:166265
1776:113323
1698:212342
1685:605508
1552:
1544:
1509:
1501:
1220:
1210:
779:vector
698:Sussex
519:radula
1965:WoRMS
1957:64315
1918:5WGY9
1859:WoRMS
1809:NAS:
1789:70329
1758:IRMNG
1750:83795
1499:JSTOR
1365:(3):
1299:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1265:(PDF)
751:algae
704:from
558:China
458:spire
450:shell
325:, an
307:, or
268:Reeve
1926:GBIF
1900:BOLD
1846:NCBI
1812:1044
1797:IUCN
1784:ITIS
1737:1812
1732:GISD
1719:GBIF
1711:VFND
1693:BOLD
1550:PMID
1542:ISSN
1530:3918
1507:PMID
1467:help
1369:-95.
1320:link
1218:PMID
997:2018
525:and
489:The
454:apex
421:and
377:USGS
369:and
299:The
220:Gray
1913:CoL
1833:NBN
1771:ISC
1706:CoL
1577:HTM
1534:doi
1491:doi
1208:PMC
1198:doi
1136:114
961:PDF
696:in
681:USA
675:In
495:lip
1989::
1967::
1954::
1941::
1928::
1915::
1902::
1887::
1861::
1848::
1835::
1822::
1799::
1786::
1773::
1760::
1747::
1734::
1721::
1708::
1695::
1670::
1623:)
1573:14
1548:.
1540:.
1528:.
1505:.
1497:.
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1458::
1456:}}
1452:{{
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1144:^
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1322:)
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1200::
1192::
1186:8
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970:.
938:.
912:"
908:"
842:.
311:(
266:(
218:(
85:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
