821:
832:
916:
158:
1474:
582:
1462:
1450:
111:
788:
133:
594:
816:
generally does not live at great depths, though this has occasionally been reported. Most individuals are found at the water's edge, and have little tendency to disperse. Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 7 m.
859:. During the reproductive season, which normally occurs from June to November in the field, male individuals release their sperm into the water, as females simultaneously release their green colored unfertilised
681:. Those spots have a tendency to become axial lines in older, larger individuals. The upper surface is often entirely black. The aperture is commonly white, with an inner iridescence because of the nacre.
692:
On some old, empty shells of large individuals, the black colored parts become slightly higher in relief, compared to the white areas surrounding it. This unusual morphology may be due to the action of
439:, where this is a popular food item. The word "will" or "wilks" can be used both as a singular form and a plural. This species is however not at all closely related to the species that are known as
684:
Young shells, or well-preserved adults, have the spire whorls sculptured by oblique folds, cut by a few spiral sulci. The periphery and the base in the half-grown shells are spirally lirate.
520:. The vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living neo-gastropods, and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. It is also part of the superfamily
992:
These large sea snails are boiled and eaten in a variety of different local recipes. Because of their popularity as a food item and the problem of overfishing, in the
996:
there are territorial regulations to protect these snails: no collecting is allowed during their reproductive season, and there is a minimum harvest size regulation.
1703:
1252:
1850:
1755:
879:. These trochophore larvae do not spend much time in the plankton, because settlement occurs relatively soon, after 3.5 to 4.5 days. Individuals usually reach
1167:
The living marine resources of the
Western Central Atlantic. Volume 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras.
820:
1580:
1677:
1729:
1169:
FAO Species
Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. 1600p.
1840:
1768:
1100:
1473:
1845:
883:
at shell lengths of 32–34 mm. The life span of this species is still unknown, but estimates for other top shells reach 30 years.
635:
is arcuate, produced above in a heavy porcellanous callous deposit, half-surrounding the umbilicus and deeply notched in the middle.
1143:
1807:
1166:
670:
individuals possess shells ornamented by spiral lines and strong cords, in contrast to the nearly smooth, homogeneous surface of
375:
352:
328:
293:
1419:
608:
of this species can be up to 137 mm in maximum dimension. It is very thick and heavy, having an outline that is between
1734:
1284:
1716:
1638:
831:
435:
This snail is known as "wilk" or "wilks" (or sometimes as "whelks") in the
English-speaking Caribbean islands of the
1760:
157:
1575:
1327:
1272:
1180:
1039:
655:
521:
229:
1461:
915:
1591:
944:
856:
699:
1643:
1449:
1781:
1135:
Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water resources of the northern coast of South
America
632:
272:
123:
1312:(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) From The Oligocene of Europe and its Paleobiogeographic Implications"
443:
in the U.S. and in Europe. In some
Spanish-speaking parts of the Caribbean, when used as a food source
1812:
1664:
1506:
1307:
958:
561:
1747:
1629:
1008:
980:
921:
851:, which means each individual organism belonging to this species is distinctly male or female. The
772:
677:
The lusterless color pattern is rather distinct, overall white with black zigzag flammules on each
667:
663:
643:
1107:
646:, which is deep and devoid of sculpture, but spirally bicostate inside. The semicircular, oblique
1835:
1331:
1276:
978:
In the wild, the shell of this species is used extensively by the large land hermit crab species
938:
907:
over time. Feeding commonly occurs during the nocturnal period, when the snails are most active.
804:
This large snail is found on or under rocks, in exposed and moderately sheltered shores, both in
756:
647:
302:
152:
1799:
1786:
1708:
1651:
1534:
1389:
1139:
993:
1524:
1514:
1379:
1369:
1323:
1268:
1106:. Department of Planning and Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
694:
502:
493:
422:
1493:"Population Genetics of a Trochid Gastropod Broadens Picture of Caribbean Sea Connectivity"
880:
764:
678:
671:
659:
628:
620:
605:
581:
483:
478:
429:
141:
1510:
1529:
1492:
1384:
1355:
744:
517:
412:
209:
1406:
110:
1829:
860:
852:
371:
348:
324:
289:
61:
1280:
1133:
787:
1427:
712:
1656:
1138:. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Rome: FAO. p. 513.
1519:
1374:
1067:
1794:
1742:
1690:
1623:
1407:
Tryon (1889), Manual of
Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
876:
760:
498:
488:
436:
392:
132:
36:
1614:
1019:
is a legally protected species in
Bermuda, where its collection is forbidden.
963:
953:
942:, often lives on the underside of the shell of this large sea snail. The crab
871:
fertilised eggs, which will further develop into lecitotrophic (yolk feeding)
805:
720:
624:
613:
199:
81:
46:
1553:
1721:
967:
949:
903:. They actively scrape the algal growths off rocks, and this tends to cause
892:
848:
732:
609:
593:
566:
529:
474:
425:
415:
408:
249:
239:
169:
86:
1538:
1393:
1015:
shells (or some other similarly large shell) to use as shelter. Nowadays,
1608:
1497:
1418:
Ministry of
Environment and Sports: Department of Conservation Services.
1360:
900:
809:
768:
728:
219:
189:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
703:, which continuously erode the surface of the white parts of the shell.
1682:
1335:
1004:
904:
776:
748:
736:
470:
418:
404:
91:
66:
1695:
1356:"The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence"
933:
872:
864:
724:
716:
631:
is simple. The lip is edged inside by black, or black and white. The
570:
179:
1585:
1165:
Leal, J.H. (2002). Gastropods. p. 99-147. In: Carpenter, K.E. (ed.).
914:
896:
830:
819:
786:
752:
651:
616:
in shape, with rounded shoulders and a somewhat low conical form.
592:
580:
525:
440:
662:
is glossy and delicate, and has a node that projects towards the
1773:
868:
740:
1669:
1589:
1257:(Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations"
548:
by
Philippi (1847), Rosenberg (2005) and Hendy et al. (2008).
1491:
Díaz-Ferguson, E.; Haney, R.; Wares, J.; Silliman, B. (2010).
1261:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
835:
A small shallow seawater pool found on St. Croix's north shore
1267:(1). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 27–47.
1132:
Cervigón, F. (1993). "Gastropods". In Carpenter, K.E. (ed.).
1328:
10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0767:frotcg>2.0.co;2
1273:
10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2
875:. They emerge from the egg capsules as shell-cap-bearing
497:). It has gone locally extinct in some habitats due to
962:(also known as ringed wormsnail) and the tube dwelling
824:
Rocky shore on St. Croix US Virgin Islands, habitat of
795:
which has been polished to make it look more attractive
528:
as the inner shell layer, and its subordinated family
1581:
More information and recipes from the Cayman Islands
975:, as is also the case for several species of algae.
619:
The spire is conoidal. It contains about six convex
1598:
589:is very distinctive. This shell has been polished.
1479:view from below; the umbilicus is clearly visible
1011:populations, because these arthropods need empty
555:. For a long time, only one species in the genus
1034:
1032:
455:(snails, in Spanish). In Venezuela it is called
1179:Sartwell, T. Wood, J. B.; Valdivia, A. (eds.).
1576:Photo of live animal and a lot of information
551:This is the only living species in the genus
8:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
891:The west Indian top shell is known to be an
559:was known, however in 2002 a fossil species
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1062:
1060:
428:. This species has a large black and white
1586:
131:
109:
20:
1528:
1518:
1383:
1373:
1044:Cittarium pica Linnaeus, 1758 (Top Snail)
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1445:
1426:. Government of Bermuda. Archived from
1322:(4). Paleontological Society: 767–770.
1028:
775:. The species has been reintroduced to
1185:West Indian Top Shell (Cittarium pica)
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1101:"U.S.V.I. Animal Fact Sheet #15 Whelk"
1007:. This caused a serious impact on the
473:important invertebrate species in the
1424:West Indian Topshell (Cittarium pica)
1308:"First Record of The Caribbean Genus
7:
1851:Arthropods of the Dominican Republic
565:Lozouet, 2002 was discovered in the
536:. (1924) recombined this species as
544:, and it was finally recombined as
540:. Weisbord (1962) recombined it as
122:, showing the inner surface of the
971:may live attached to the shell of
711:This species occurs rarely in the
14:
1181:"Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda"
118:A colored illustration of a live
1472:
1460:
1448:
1253:"The edible West Indian "whelk"
895:, feeding on a large variety of
715:, and in the Caribbean coast of
627:is depressed-globose. The outer
156:
654:inside as is the case in other
585:The wide and deep umbilicus of
1:
469:is considered the third most
1841:Gastropods described in 1758
1520:10.1371/journal.pone.0012675
1375:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776
1846:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1068:"Malacolog (Version 4.1.1)"
1040:"The Paleobiology Database"
1867:
1003:became locally extinct in
863:. The encounter of those
569:deposits of southwestern
308:
301:
278:
271:
153:Scientific classification
151:
139:
130:
117:
108:
23:
925:, often uses a shell of
899:, and sometimes also on
735:. It also occurs in the
459:; in Cuba it is called
1316:Journal of Paleontology
911:Biological interactions
855:in this species occurs
658:, and is circular. The
642:presents a rather wide
1251:Robertson, R. (2003).
999:For a similar reason,
929:
919:The land hermit crab,
836:
828:
796:
601:
597:Drawing of a shell of
590:
1782:Paleobiology Database
1354:Welch, J. J. (2010).
918:
834:
823:
790:
596:
584:
397:West Indian top shell
1306:Lozouet, P. (2002).
959:Dendropoma corrodens
945:Pinnotheres barbatus
700:Plectonema terebrans
562:Cittarium maestratii
516:is within the clade
16:Species of gastropod
1511:2010PLoSO...512675D
1099:Toller, W. (2003).
981:Coenobita clypeatus
922:Coenobita clypeatus
773:Trinidad and Tobago
650:is distinguishably
1430:on 7 February 2011
948:is mentioned as a
939:Lottia leucopleura
930:
837:
829:
797:
791:An empty shell of
757:Dominican Republic
602:
591:
312:Cittarium picoides
32:Pleistocene–Recent
1823:
1822:
1592:Taxon identifiers
1420:"Bermuda Species"
1113:on 16 August 2011
994:US Virgin Islands
577:Shell description
384:
383:
378:
364:
356:
340:
332:
316:
315:Gould, A.A., 1853
1858:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1737:
1725:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1587:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1476:
1467:Abapertural view
1464:
1452:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1283:. Archived from
1248:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1009:land hermit crab
767:as far south as
695:blue-green algae
503:overexploitation
494:Eustrombus gigas
407:of large edible
370:
362:
360:Trochus picoides
346:
338:
322:
314:
284:
161:
160:
140:Five views of a
135:
113:
103:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1594:
1566:
1564:
1552:
1549:
1490:
1487:
1485:Further reading
1480:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1456:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1287:on 2 March 2012
1250:
1249:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1153:
1146:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1025:
990:
913:
889:
881:sexual maturity
842:
802:
785:
765:Lesser Antilles
709:
688:Unusual erosion
660:parietal callus
579:
538:Cittarium picum
511:
484:Panulirus argus
451:, or simply as
336:Livona picoides
297:
286:
280:
267:
155:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1864:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1630:Cittarium pica
1620:
1604:
1602:
1600:Cittarium pica
1596:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1562:Gastropods.com
1556:Cittarium pica
1548:
1547:External links
1545:
1544:
1543:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1455:Apertural view
1454:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1410:
1399:
1341:
1298:
1255:Cittarium pica
1198:
1171:
1151:
1144:
1124:
1080:
1056:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:Cittarium pica
1013:Cittarium pica
1001:Cittarium pica
989:
986:
973:Cittarium pica
952:. The sessile
927:Cittarium pica
912:
909:
888:
887:Feeding habits
885:
845:Cittarium pica
841:
838:
826:Cittarium pica
814:Cittarium pica
801:
798:
793:Cittarium pica
784:
781:
745:Cayman Islands
708:
705:
690:
689:
640:Cittarium pica
599:Cittarium pica
587:Cittarium pica
578:
575:
546:Cittarium pica
518:Vetigastropoda
514:Cittarium pica
510:
507:
467:Cittarium pica
445:Cittarium pica
388:Cittarium pica
382:
381:
380:
379:
365:
357:
344:Meleagris pica
341:
333:
317:
306:
305:
299:
298:
287:
282:Cittarium pica
276:
275:
269:
268:
261:
259:
255:
254:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
210:Vetigastropoda
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
149:
148:
146:Cittarium pica
137:
136:
128:
127:
120:Cittarium pica
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
25:Cittarium pica
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:(9): e12675.
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:92-5-103129-0
1141:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
987:
985:
983:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
965:
961:
960:
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
940:
935:
928:
924:
923:
917:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:fertilisation
850:
846:
839:
833:
827:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
799:
794:
789:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
701:
696:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:The shell of
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
600:
595:
588:
583:
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
563:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:, presenting
523:
519:
515:
508:
506:
504:
500:
496:
495:
490:
486:
485:
480:
479:spiny lobster
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
377:
373:
369:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
339:(Gould, 1853)
337:
334:
330:
326:
321:
318:
313:
310:
309:
307:
304:
300:
295:
291:
285:
283:
277:
274:
273:Binomial name
270:
266:
265:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
226:Superfamily:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:
129:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1599:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1555:
1502:
1496:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1423:
1413:
1402:
1368:(1): e8776.
1365:
1359:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1264:
1260:
1254:
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1174:
1134:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1071:. Retrieved
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1016:
1012:
1000:
998:
991:
979:
977:
972:
966:
957:
943:
937:
931:
926:
920:
890:
877:trochophores
844:
843:
825:
813:
808:and shallow
803:
792:
713:Florida Keys
710:
707:Distribution
698:
691:
683:
676:
639:
637:
623:. The large
618:
603:
598:
586:
560:
556:
552:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
513:
512:
492:
482:
477:, after the
471:economically
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:is known as
444:
434:
401:magpie shell
400:
396:
387:
386:
385:
367:
359:
343:
335:
319:
311:
281:
279:
264:C. pica
263:
262:
250:
145:
119:
24:
18:
1795:SeaLifeBase
1743:NatureServe
1691:iNaturalist
1624:Wikispecies
761:Puerto Rico
674:specimens.
614:turbiniform
573:and named.
542:Livona pica
532:. Woodring
499:overfishing
489:queen conch
437:West Indies
393:common name
363:Gould, 1853
320:Livona pica
126:at the top
1830:Categories
1567:15 January
1291:13 October
1117:13 October
1073:13 October
1023:References
964:polychaete
956:gastropod
857:externally
840:Life cycle
806:intertidal
763:, and the
721:Costa Rica
697:, such as
656:Trochoidea
625:body whorl
610:trochiform
522:Trochoidea
487:) and the
368:Turbo pica
230:Trochoidea
206:Subclass:
200:Gastropoda
1836:Cittarium
1748:2.1256165
1434:6 October
1310:Cittarium
988:Human use
968:Spirorbis
950:commensal
893:herbivore
849:dioecious
733:Venezuela
664:umbilicus
644:umbilicus
633:columella
567:Oligocene
557:Cittarium
553:Cittarium
530:Tegulidae
475:Caribbean
453:caracoles
426:Tegulidae
416:gastropod
409:sea snail
258:Species:
251:Cittarium
240:Tegulidae
176:Kingdom:
170:Eukaryota
124:operculum
1709:11253878
1615:Q3171877
1609:Wikidata
1539:20844767
1498:PLoS ONE
1394:20098740
1361:PLoS ONE
1281:86363886
1191:19 April
1049:14 April
954:vermetid
932:A small
901:detritus
867:produce
810:subtidal
769:Barbados
729:Colombia
668:Juvenile
652:nacreous
648:aperture
509:Taxonomy
372:Linnaeus
349:Linnaeus
325:Linnaeus
303:Synonyms
290:Linnaeus
236:Family:
220:Trochida
190:Mollusca
186:Phylum:
180:Animalia
166:Domain:
1683:2293038
1530:2937038
1507:Bibcode
1385:2808249
1336:1307109
1005:Bermuda
905:erosion
865:gametes
812:zones.
800:Habitat
783:Ecology
777:Bermuda
749:Jamaica
737:Bahamas
421:in the
419:mollusk
405:species
403:, is a
246:Genus:
216:Order:
196:Class:
98:↓
1813:419449
1774:419449
1761:164121
1722:113340
1696:133677
1670:482715
1644:201583
1537:
1527:
1392:
1382:
1334:
1279:
1187:. BBSR
1142:
934:limpet
873:larvae
755:, the
743:, the
725:Panama
717:Mexico
672:mature
621:whorls
571:France
457:quigua
449:bulgao
441:whelks
423:family
413:marine
1808:WoRMS
1787:90935
1735:70011
1704:IRMNG
1332:JSTOR
1277:S2CID
1111:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
897:algae
869:yolky
753:Haiti
679:whorl
606:shell
534:et al
526:nacre
461:cigua
430:shell
142:shell
1800:2879
1769:OBIS
1756:NCBI
1730:ITIS
1678:GBIF
1657:VMPF
1639:BOLD
1569:2019
1535:PMID
1436:2010
1390:PMID
1293:2009
1193:2010
1140:ISBN
1119:2009
1075:2009
1051:2010
861:eggs
771:and
741:Cuba
731:and
612:and
604:The
501:and
411:, a
395:the
376:1758
353:1758
329:1758
294:1758
37:PreꞒ
1717:ISC
1665:EoL
1652:CoL
1525:PMC
1515:doi
1380:PMC
1370:doi
1324:doi
1269:doi
1265:153
847:is
629:lip
399:or
144:of
1832::
1810::
1797::
1784::
1771::
1758::
1745::
1732::
1719::
1706::
1693::
1680::
1667::
1654::
1641::
1626::
1611::
1560:.
1533:.
1523:.
1513:.
1501:.
1495:.
1422:.
1388:.
1378:.
1364:.
1358:.
1344:^
1330:.
1320:76
1318:.
1314:.
1275:.
1263:.
1259:.
1201:^
1183:.
1154:^
1083:^
1059:^
1042:.
1031:^
984:.
936:,
779:.
759:,
751:,
747:,
739:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
666:.
505:.
463:.
432:.
391:,
374:,
351:,
327:,
292:,
87:Pg
1571:.
1558:"
1554:"
1541:.
1517::
1509::
1503:5
1438:.
1396:.
1372::
1366:5
1338:.
1326::
1295:.
1271::
1195:.
1148:.
1121:.
1077:.
1053:.
491:(
481:(
355:)
347:(
331:)
323:(
296:)
288:(
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
