528:
516:
564:
462:"Corner Counter Relief" (1914). Tatlin's work in the early 20th century was to redesign the project in order to accommodate more space. One concept approached by Tatlin was a tightly drawn interstitial shape through the orthogonal geometry of a typical room. The Capital City complex uses this concept by the offset rotation of the tower segments to create a dynamic departure from the square's stability. This rotational effect, achieved through a slight cantilever on only two façades of each vertical segment, does not compromise the regularity of the towers’ structure.
447:
540:
552:
3548:
38:
597:
611:
503:
Each tower is separated into several levels. For the Moscow Tower, the top four levels which served as residences are named from bottom to top: Beleveue, Sky, Star, and Galaxy. The same applies to St. Petersburg Tower, except it only has three levels rather than four. As a result, it does not have a
480:
specialist Schüco to create a dynamic facade for the towers and podium building. The towers are enclosed in a unitized panel system with four-sided structural-silicone glazing. The aluminum panels compose a shifting super grid that resonates with the towers’ shifting blocks. The panels also shift in
401:
to Moscow. An obstacle for planning of the skyscraper was the absence of applicable local building codes since the current codes dated back to 1950 did not apply for tall buildings. As a result, codes of the complex were modeled off after
British standards, which established high standards for fire
468:
is to be used for the foundation due to its abundance in the region. Despite this, construction of the complex was carried out in atypical conditions. The tower pile caps were each installed during continuous, 33-hour mid-winter pours in temperatures ranging from −32 to −34 °C (−26 to
469:−29 °F), under a large heated tent to keep the concrete from freezing. Running five meters deep and measuring 6,500 and 6,000 cubic meters (230,000 and 210,000 cu ft), the foundation utilized a relatively standard
527:
410:
are to focus on completing the structural design while the architectural design is being worked on. After this is completed, the design team worked with the Moscow government to fulfill the building codes for the complex.
3439:
1879:
639:
3621:
1553:
3572:
393:
Construction of the complex was first proposed in 2003. Due to the
Capital City complex needed to be built in a quick schedule, a design team was gathered from a span of 11
3432:
3022:
2072:
1356:
848:
894:
515:
3636:
500:, and a garden. The complex also features a six-level basement that includes more than 2,200 parking spaces, electrical equipment and enlarged fire compartments.
3626:
3425:
2327:
346:
with a total area of 288,680 square metres (3,107,300 sq ft). The two skyscrapers are named after the two historical capitals of Russia: Moscow and
805:
691:
668:
3077:
1872:
3406:
3226:
2411:
1944:
1475:
1022:
115:
3401:
3381:
434:
surpassed Moscow Tower as the tallest building in Europe, but only held that position for a few months as the
Capital City complex's neighboring
3567:
1865:
1047:
644:
382:
3448:
335:
93:
2589:
2065:
1935:
1888:
1841:
1837:
1535:
1349:
1312:
1223:
1170:
The rating of the ten best skyscrapers from around the world includes the Moscow Tower from the City of
Capitals complex in Moscow City.
634:
629:
624:
362:
358:
270:
179:
3153:
2357:
1123:
3082:
3047:
785:
3600:
3097:
2252:
563:
381:
with a height of 76 metres (249 ft) with 18 floors. As of 2022, Moscow Tower is the eighth-tallest building in Russia and the
350:. Construction of the complex began in 2005, with the office building completed in 2008 and the two skyscrapers completed in 2009.
3113:
2500:
2396:
2247:
377:
in 2012. St. Petersburg Tower has a height of 256.9 metres (843 ft) and 65 stories while the office building serves as a
353:
Moscow Tower is the taller of the two skyscrapers, with a height of 301.6 metres (990 ft) and 73 stories, surpassing the
3577:
3281:
2749:
2573:
2282:
2058:
1846:
1758:
1342:
3366:
3037:
2406:
2337:
2081:
922:
876:
833:
729:
3311:
2789:
402:
safety, such as 4-hour structural fire resistance and the use of 30-minute fire-rated glass. According to the schedule,
108:
3587:
3092:
2342:
2317:
1908:
1595:
477:
935:
539:
709:
3057:
3032:
2322:
1571:
551:
945:
3371:
3296:
3087:
2754:
2401:
2277:
2267:
1816:
987:
504:
level named Galaxy. Apartments cover floors 18-72 of Moscow Tower and floors 18-61 of the St. Petersburg Tower.
3356:
2805:
2759:
1589:
1511:
3361:
3246:
3236:
1746:
1616:
1487:
320:
422:
as the tallest building in Russia and Europe. In 2009, construction of the complex was completed. In 2012,
3331:
3251:
3231:
3072:
2784:
2594:
2297:
1926:
1529:
446:
962:
3346:
3321:
3168:
2774:
2724:
2656:
2352:
2272:
1676:
1493:
489:
331:
73:
584:
the
Emporis Skyscraper Award for its aesthetic appearance and compatibility with the urban environment.
3631:
3593:
3472:
3351:
3241:
3216:
2870:
2332:
2242:
2207:
2202:
2126:
1740:
1580:
1517:
3477:
3133:
2237:
2165:
616:
465:
2050:
1523:
3532:
3512:
3507:
3487:
3316:
3276:
3123:
2885:
2689:
2609:
2312:
2257:
2007:
1980:
1734:
1439:
1421:
1415:
1326:
1305:
1295:
1276:
1266:
1247:
1216:
1156:[One tower from Moscow City is among the ten “most aesthetic” skyscrapers in the world].
435:
419:
354:
280:
3547:
3261:
3163:
3027:
2744:
2679:
2599:
2307:
2262:
1962:
1857:
916:
870:
827:
723:
290:
3562:
3497:
3341:
3158:
3067:
2875:
2769:
2684:
2646:
2563:
2531:
2495:
2302:
2197:
2026:
1917:
1627:
1469:
1397:
1186:
1131:
347:
83:
3482:
3221:
2719:
2714:
2510:
2458:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2181:
1457:
1153:
789:
782:
459:
454:
According to Yuri
Starodubtsev of the Capital Group and Joey Myers and Larry Goetz of the
3522:
3417:
3376:
3336:
3271:
2779:
2568:
2474:
2442:
2292:
1971:
1899:
1559:
1445:
768:
748:
431:
374:
1098:
1073:
763:
743:
481:
plan, some protruding outward while others are slightly inset to accommodate vertical
37:
3615:
3582:
3306:
3052:
2950:
2880:
2729:
2515:
2437:
2035:
1662:
1635:
1565:
1481:
602:
166:
418:
for the complex was completed in 2008. In July 2008, the Moscow Tower surpassed the
334:
complex composed of two skyscrapers and an office building located on plot 9 in the
3462:
3291:
3286:
3128:
3062:
3042:
2734:
2704:
2699:
2625:
2547:
2479:
2347:
686:
414:
Construction of the complex started in 2005. The office building which served as a
663:
1154:"Одна башня из "Москва-сити" вошла в десятку "самых эстетичных" небоскребов мира"
3517:
3326:
3256:
3184:
3118:
2890:
2810:
2709:
2694:
2505:
1646:
1427:
1409:
497:
3537:
3502:
3492:
3301:
2764:
2739:
2630:
2421:
2416:
1670:
1547:
1365:
592:
407:
130:
117:
2911:
2674:
1998:
1953:
1237:
423:
415:
394:
378:
366:
3266:
2955:
2651:
482:
1334:
610:
899:
853:
810:
714:
581:
398:
1810:
1726:
1687:
1389:
493:
427:
370:
343:
339:
101:
97:
458:, the design complex of the Capital City complex was inspired after
692:
669:
2849:
2604:
2287:
2232:
1752:
470:
445:
1099:"City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com"
455:
403:
260:
3421:
3205:
2997:
2932:
2831:
2378:
2147:
2108:
2093:
2054:
1861:
1798:
1714:
1377:
1338:
1195:
3527:
2895:
2016:
1463:
1403:
849:"Capital City St. Petersburg Tower, Moscow | 200467 | EMPORIS"
895:"Capital City North Office Block, Moscow | 253452 | EMPORIS"
988:"Capital City St. Petersburg Tower - The Skyscraper Center"
1048:"Russia's Mercury City tower cuts The Shard down to size"
1074:"City of Capitals: Moscow, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com"
806:"Capital City Moscow Tower, Moscow | 200466 | EMPORIS"
640:
List of tallest structures in the former Soviet Union
325:
3555:
3455:
3177:
3146:
3106:
3015:
3008:
2943:
2904:
2858:
2842:
2798:
2665:
2639:
2618:
2582:
2556:
2540:
2524:
2488:
2467:
2451:
2430:
2389:
2190:
2174:
2158:
2119:
1809:
1725:
1686:
1661:
1645:
1626:
1388:
963:"Capital City Moscow Tower - The Skyscraper Center"
297:
286:
276:
266:
256:
251:
243:
235:
225:
220:
210:
200:
190:
185:
175:
162:
154:
146:
107:
89:
79:
69:
61:
56:
48:
23:
814:. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015
718:. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015.
857:. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015
3573:Delovoy Tsentr (Kalininsko–Solntsevskaya line)
942:(London). 6 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
3433:
2066:
1873:
1350:
492:complex, featuring apartments, office space,
313:
8:
1254:Tallest Building in the Former Soviet Union
216:St. Petersburg: 250.1 m (820.5 ft)
206:St. Petersburg: 257.2 m (843.8 ft)
196:St. Petersburg: 256.9 m (842.8 ft)
1889:Timeline of the tallest buildings in Europe
903:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2015
3622:Buildings and structures completed in 2009
3440:
3426:
3418:
3202:
3078:Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28
3012:
3005:
2994:
2940:
2929:
2839:
2828:
2386:
2375:
2155:
2144:
2116:
2105:
2101:
2090:
2073:
2059:
2051:
1880:
1866:
1858:
1806:
1795:
1722:
1711:
1385:
1374:
1357:
1343:
1335:
1205:
239:288,680 m (3,107,300 sq ft)
20:
3407:List of architects of supertall buildings
476:The design team collaborated with German
3227:Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center
1945:Main building of Moscow State University
3382:VietinBank Business Center Office Tower
655:
511:
204:Moscow: 309.8 m (1,016.4 ft)
3568:Delovoy Tsentr (Moscow Central Circle)
914:
868:
825:
721:
488:The City of Capitals is to serve as a
3637:Skyscraper office buildings in Moscow
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
957:
955:
645:List of tallest residential buildings
580:In 2010, Moscow Tower was awarded by
214:Moscow: 300.8 m (986.9 ft)
194:Moscow: 301.6 m (989.5 ft)
7:
3627:Moscow International Business Center
3449:Moscow International Business Center
888:
886:
799:
797:
710:"Emporis building complex ID 108216"
336:Moscow International Business Center
94:Moscow International Business Center
2328:Trump International Hotel and Tower
687:"Capital City St. Petersburg Tower"
635:List of tallest buildings in Europe
630:List of tallest buildings in Russia
625:List of tallest buildings in Moscow
365:in 2008, until it was surpassed by
16:Mixed-use complex in Moscow, Russia
3048:Nanjing World Trade Center Tower 1
1454:: Saint Petersburg Tower (256.9 m)
764:"City of Capitals: St. Petersburg"
14:
3098:Xiangmi Lake New Financial Center
936:'The sky's the limit' (Editorial)
383:21st-tallest residential building
3546:
2590:Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith
1770:Headliner: Towers 4, 9 (174.9 m)
609:
595:
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
450:City of Capitals from the ground
36:
3367:Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower
2501:Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur
153:
3402:Proposed supertall skyscrapers
3282:Hyundai Global Business Center
2750:Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel
2358:World Trade Center (1973–2001)
1847:Category:Skyscrapers in Russia
1124:"Capital City - Capital Group"
438:surpassed The Shard's height.
1:
3038:Greenland Group Suzhou Center
2806:Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
2407:International Commerce Centre
1023:"Capital City Towers, Moscow"
3312:Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower
3023:Chongqing Corporate Avenue 1
2790:World Trade Center Abu Dhabi
2443:Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower
2412:International Finance Centre
1836:Lists of tallest buildings:
1544:Headliner: Tower 1 (174.9 m)
3093:Xiamen International Centre
2318:The New York Times Building
1909:Palais de Justice, Brussels
1607:Savyolovskiy City (155.6 m)
1554:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1283:Tallest Building in Russia
664:"Capital City Moscow Tower"
473:cage and wooden form work.
326:
3653:
3033:Eye of Spring Trade Center
1936:Kotelnicheskaya Embankment
1313:Tallest Building in Moscow
1224:Tallest Building in Europe
744:"City of Capitals: Moscow"
359:tallest building in Russia
3544:
3394:
3372:Tour Financial Hub Center
3297:Mandarin Oriental Chengdu
3212:
3201:
3004:
2993:
2972:
2939:
2928:
2838:
2827:
2755:JW Marriott Marquis Dubai
2385:
2374:
2268:Comcast Technology Center
2238:875 North Michigan Avenue
2154:
2143:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2089:
2084:(300 m/984 ft and taller)
1990:Capital City Moscow Tower
1895:
1832:
1805:
1794:
1776:Paveletskaya City (165 m)
1721:
1710:
1502:Tricolor: Tower A (192 m)
1499:Tricolor: Tower A (194 m)
1384:
1373:
1323:
1310:
1302:
1292:
1281:
1273:
1263:
1252:
1244:
1234:
1221:
1213:
1208:
921:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
875:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
832:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
728:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
314:
302:
44:
35:
28:
3357:The Stratford Residences
3083:Wuhan CTF Finance Center
1536:Kotelnicheskaya Building
1436:: Moscow Tower (301.6 m)
992:www.skyscrapercenter.com
967:www.skyscrapercenter.com
29:
3362:Tameer Commercial Tower
3247:Dalian Greenland Center
3237:Chengdu Greenland Tower
1572:Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy
1488:House on Mosfilmovskaya
1476:Moscow State University
1406:: South Tower (354.1 m)
252:Design and construction
3332:Runhua Global Center 1
3252:Diamond Tower (Jeddah)
3232:Busan Lotte Town Tower
3088:Xi'an Greenland Center
3073:Suzhou Zhongnan Center
2595:Haeundae LCT The Sharp
2298:One World Trade Center
1927:Terrazza Martini Tower
1472:: West Tower (243.2 m)
1400:: East Tower (373.7 m)
451:
293:Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
3322:Palais Royale, Mumbai
3169:Waldorf Astoria Miami
2725:Emirates Office Tower
2353:Wilshire Grand Center
2273:Empire State Building
2253:Bank of America Tower
2248:Bank of America Plaza
2082:Supertall skyscrapers
1773:Alcon Tower (168.1 m)
1759:National Space Centre
1592:: Towers 1, 3 (161 m)
1466:: North Tower (245 m)
946:registration required
449:
131:55.74722°N 37.53889°E
3594:Sheremetyevo Airport
3352:Square Capital Tower
3242:Chongqing Tall Tower
3217:2 World Trade Center
2333:Two Prudential Plaza
2283:JPMorgan Chase Tower
2208:3 World Trade Center
2203:111 West 57th Street
1654:Aquamarine (155.5 m)
1604:Presnya City (156 m)
788:1 March 2010 at the
508:Construction gallery
147:Construction started
2977:No longer standing.
2397:Bank of China Tower
2166:Gran Torre Santiago
1583:: Tower 3 (162.2 m)
1550:: Tower 1 (172.8 m)
1520:: Tower 1 (178.7 m)
1514:: Tower 2 (188.2 m)
1508:Continental (191 m)
617:Architecture portal
466:Reinforced concrete
277:Structural engineer
127: /
80:Architectural style
57:General information
3513:Naberezhnaya Tower
3508:Mercury City Tower
3277:Goldin Finance 117
3124:Taipei Twin Towers
2999:Under construction
2886:Mercury City Tower
2690:ADNOC Headquarters
2610:Posco Tower-Songdo
2313:The Brooklyn Tower
2258:Central Park Tower
2008:Mercury City Tower
1981:Naberezhnaya Tower
1817:World Trade Center
1716:Under construction
1596:Kudrinskaya Square
1586:Well House (162 m)
1440:Naberezhnaya Tower
1416:Mercury City Tower
1327:Mercury City Tower
1306:Naberezhnaya Tower
1296:Mercury City Tower
1277:Naberezhnaya Tower
1267:Mercury City Tower
1248:Naberezhnaya Tower
1217:Naberezhnaya Tower
1103:skyscraperpage.com
1078:skyscraperpage.com
452:
436:Mercury City Tower
420:Naberezhnaya Tower
355:Naberezhnaya Tower
231:St. Petersburg: 65
136:55.74722; 37.53889
3609:
3608:
3596:
3415:
3414:
3390:
3389:
3262:Dubai Towers Doha
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3142:
3141:
3058:North Bund Centre
3028:Evergrande Center
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2680:Address Boulevard
2600:Lotte World Tower
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2343:Wells Fargo Plaza
2308:St. Regis Chicago
2263:Chrysler Building
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1963:Commerzbank Tower
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1855:
1854:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1613:Dirigible (153 m)
1610:Avenue 77 (155 m)
1577:Oruzheyny (165 m)
1568:: Tower B (168 m)
1526:: Tower 2 (179 m)
1333:
1332:
1324:Succeeded by
1321:
1293:Succeeded by
1290:
1264:Succeeded by
1261:
1235:Succeeded by
1232:
1054:. 5 November 2012
695:Skyscraper Center
672:Skyscraper Center
460:Vladimir Tatlin's
324:
306:
305:
221:Technical details
49:Alternative names
3644:
3591:
3563:Bagration Bridge
3550:
3498:Federation Tower
3468:City of Capitals
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3342:Sino-Steel Tower
3203:
3159:520 Fifth Avenue
3068:South Asian Gate
3013:
3006:
2995:
2978:
2941:
2930:
2876:Federation Tower
2866:City of Capitals
2840:
2829:
2770:The Marina Torch
2685:Address Downtown
2647:Baiyoke Tower II
2564:The Clock Towers
2532:Metrobank Center
2496:The Exchange 106
2387:
2376:
2303:Salesforce Tower
2198:1 Manhattan West
2156:
2145:
2117:
2106:
2102:
2091:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2038:
2029:
2027:Federation Tower
2020:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1918:Vienna City Hall
1911:
1902:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1807:
1796:
1767:City Bay (177 m)
1723:
1712:
1628:Saint Petersburg
1452:City of Capitals
1434:City of Capitals
1386:
1375:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1319:
1303:Preceded by
1288:
1274:Preceded by
1259:
1245:Preceded by
1230:
1214:Preceded by
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:Official website
1190:
1189:
1187:Official website
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1130:. Archived from
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
959:
950:
949:
933:
927:
926:
920:
912:
910:
908:
890:
881:
880:
874:
866:
864:
862:
844:
838:
837:
831:
823:
821:
819:
801:
792:
780:
774:
773:
760:
754:
753:
740:
734:
733:
727:
719:
706:
700:
699:
694:
683:
677:
676:
671:
660:
619:
614:
613:
605:
600:
599:
598:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
348:Saint Petersburg
329:
319:
317:
316:
310:City of Capitals
142:
141:
139:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
84:Deconstructivism
40:
24:City of Capitals
21:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3578:Mezhdunarodnaya
3551:
3542:
3483:Evolution Tower
3451:
3446:
3416:
3411:
3386:
3222:45 Broad Street
3208:
3189:
3173:
3154:270 Park Avenue
3138:
3102:
3000:
2981:
2976:
2960:
2935:
2916:
2900:
2854:
2834:
2815:
2794:
2720:Elite Residence
2715:DAMAC Residenze
2667:
2661:
2635:
2614:
2578:
2552:
2536:
2520:
2511:Petronas Towers
2484:
2463:
2459:Abu Dhabi Plaza
2447:
2426:
2381:
2362:
2338:U.S. Bank Tower
2278:Franklin Center
2228:50 Hudson Yards
2223:432 Park Avenue
2218:35 Hudson Yards
2213:30 Hudson Yards
2186:
2182:Torres Obispado
2170:
2150:
2131:
2111:
2096:
2085:
2079:
2049:
2044:
1891:
1886:
1856:
1851:
1820:
1801:
1782:
1717:
1698:
1682:
1657:
1641:
1622:
1601:Zagorye (157 m)
1458:Evolution Tower
1380:
1369:
1363:
1329:
1318:
1317:2009—2012
1316:
1308:
1298:
1287:
1286:2009—2012
1285:
1279:
1269:
1258:
1257:2009—2012
1256:
1250:
1240:
1229:
1228:2009—2012
1227:
1219:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1134:on 4 March 2016
1128:capitalgroup.ru
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1006:
996:
994:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
961:
960:
953:
943:
940:Financial Times
934:
930:
913:
906:
904:
893:GmbH, Emporis.
892:
891:
884:
867:
860:
858:
847:GmbH, Emporis.
846:
845:
841:
824:
817:
815:
804:GmbH, Emporis.
803:
802:
795:
790:Wayback Machine
781:
777:
762:
761:
757:
742:
741:
737:
720:
708:
707:
703:
685:
684:
680:
662:
661:
657:
653:
615:
608:
601:
596:
594:
591:
577:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
534:
531:
522:
519:
510:
496:, restaurants,
444:
391:
287:Main contractor
244:Lifts/elevators
230:
215:
205:
195:
170:
135:
133:
129:
126:
121:
118:
116:
114:
113:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3650:
3648:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Northern Tower
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3377:Tower Infinity
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Ryugyong Hotel
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3272:Gate of Kuwait
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2905:United Kingdom
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:Princess Tower
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:Kingdom Centre
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:Al Hamra Tower
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:One Vanderbilt
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2019:: South Tower
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1972:Triumph Palace
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1900:Victoria Tower
1896:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1779:Zilart (150 m)
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:Silver (182 m)
1762:
1756:
1750:
1747:Capital Towers
1744:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1560:Nordstar Tower
1557:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1446:Triumph Palace
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1180:
1179:External links
1177:
1175:
1174:
1160:. 29 July 2011
1145:
1115:
1090:
1065:
1039:
1004:
979:
951:
928:
882:
839:
793:
775:
769:SkyscraperPage
755:
749:SkyscraperPage
735:
701:
678:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
621:
620:
606:
590:
587:
586:
585:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
561:
559:
557:5 October 2007
556:
549:
547:
544:
537:
535:
532:
525:
523:
520:
513:
509:
506:
498:fitness center
443:
440:
432:United Kingdom
390:
387:
385:in the world.
375:United Kingdom
312:(Russian:
304:
303:
300:
299:
295:
294:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
249:
248:
245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
169:73.641 billion
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
150:18 August 2005
148:
144:
143:
111:
105:
104:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3649:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Vystavochnaya
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Eurasia Tower
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Imperia Tower
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Namaste Tower
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3204:
3200:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:South America
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:North America
3145:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Ningbo Center
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2992:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Australia 108
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Neva Towers 2
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Lakhta Center
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2826:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Ocean Heights
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Etihad Towers
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2516:Telekom Tower
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Abeno Harukas
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Central Plaza
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:United States
2189:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2037:
2036:Lakhta Center
2034:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1695:Mayak (157 m)
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1663:Yekaterinburg
1660:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1636:Lakhta Center
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1617:Gazprom Tower
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:Sparrow Hills
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:Sberbank City
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:Sparrow Hills
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:Hotel Ukraina
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:Imperia Tower
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1328:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1028:
1027:www.ctbuh.org
1024:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
993:
989:
983:
980:
968:
964:
958:
956:
952:
947:
941:
937:
932:
929:
924:
918:
902:
901:
896:
889:
887:
883:
878:
872:
856:
855:
850:
843:
840:
835:
829:
813:
812:
807:
800:
798:
794:
791:
787:
784:
783:Official site
779:
776:
771:
770:
765:
759:
756:
751:
750:
745:
739:
736:
731:
725:
717:
716:
711:
705:
702:
697:
696:
688:
682:
679:
674:
673:
665:
659:
656:
650:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
618:
612:
607:
604:
603:Russia portal
593:
588:
583:
579:
578:
574:
565:
560:
553:
548:
545:November 2006
541:
536:
529:
524:
517:
512:
507:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
479:
474:
472:
467:
463:
461:
457:
448:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
409:
405:
400:
396:
388:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
327:Gorod Stolits
322:
311:
301:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
272:
271:Capital Group
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
228:
224:
219:
213:
209:
203:
201:Antenna spire
199:
193:
191:Architectural
189:
184:
181:
180:Capital Group
178:
174:
171:US$ 1 billion
168:
165:
161:
157:
149:
145:
140:
112:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
3467:
3463:Central Core
3292:Lamar Towers
3287:Jeddah Tower
3129:Thamrin Nine
3114:Legacy Tower
3063:Shandong IFC
3043:Haikou Tower
2865:
2760:The Landmark
2735:Gevora Hotel
2705:Burj Khalifa
2700:Burj Al Arab
2626:85 Sky Tower
2557:Saudi Arabia
2548:Aspire Tower
2480:Arraya Tower
2348:Willis Tower
2127:Iconic Tower
1989:
1541:Nebo (176 m)
1524:Aliye Parusa
1451:
1433:
1311:
1282:
1253:
1222:
1201:(in Russian)
1169:
1162:. Retrieved
1157:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:the original
1127:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:The Guardian
1051:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:
995:. Retrieved
991:
982:
970:. Retrieved
966:
939:
931:
905:. Retrieved
898:
859:. Retrieved
852:
842:
816:. Retrieved
809:
778:
767:
758:
747:
738:
713:
704:
690:
681:
667:
658:
569:16 June 2008
502:
487:
483:LED lighting
478:curtain wall
475:
464:
453:
413:
392:
352:
315:Город Столиц
309:
307:
257:Architect(s)
158:5 March 2010
52:Capital City
30:Город Столиц
18:
3632:Twin towers
3601:Testovskaya
3588:Testovskaya
3518:Neva Towers
3473:Grand Tower
3327:Pentominium
3257:Dubai Pearl
3185:Senna Tower
3134:Torch Tower
3119:One Bangkok
2850:Varso Tower
2811:Landmark 81
2710:Cayan Tower
2695:Almas Tower
2666:United Arab
2583:South Korea
2525:Philippines
2506:Merdeka 118
1741:Grand Tower
1647:Vladivostok
1442:C (268.4 m)
1428:Neva Towers
1410:Neva Towers
1366:Skyscrapers
1058:11 December
229:Moscow: 76
226:Floor count
134: /
109:Coordinates
3616:Categories
3538:Tower 2000
3503:IQ-quarter
3493:Expocentre
3302:Marina 106
2785:Rose Tower
2765:Marina 101
2740:HHHR Tower
2657:MahaNakhon
2631:Taipei 101
2452:Kazakhstan
2422:The Center
2417:Nina Tower
2323:The Spiral
2243:Aon Center
1671:Iset Tower
1548:IQ-quarter
1505:D1 (191 m)
1470:Federation
1398:Federation
651:References
408:Arup Group
395:time zones
298:References
236:Floor area
122:37°32′20″E
119:55°44′50″N
3556:Transport
3533:One Tower
3456:Buildings
3317:One Tower
2944:Australia
2912:The Shard
2896:OKO Tower
2745:The Index
2675:23 Marina
2574:PIF Tower
2390:Hong Kong
2095:Completed
1999:The Shard
1954:Messeturm
1755:(256.7 m)
1743:(283.4 m)
1737:(442.8 m)
1735:One Tower
1679:(188.3 m)
1673:(206.5 m)
1638:(462.5 m)
1619:(150.9 m)
1562:(171.5 m)
1530:Edelweiss
1484:(238.7 m)
1460:(245.9 m)
1448:(264.1 m)
1430:1 (302 m)
1424:(308.9 m)
1418:(338.8 m)
1412:2 (345 m)
1379:Completed
1368:in Russia
1238:The Shard
490:mixed-use
424:The Shard
416:stylobate
379:stylobate
367:The Shard
332:mixed-use
321:romanized
267:Developer
211:Top floor
155:Completed
74:Mixed-use
65:Completed
3398:See also
3267:Forum 66
2956:Q1 Tower
2668:Emirates
2652:ICONSIAM
2640:Thailand
2489:Malaysia
2149:Americas
1903:(98.5 m)
1800:Approved
1677:Vysotsky
1209:Records
1032:16 April
997:16 April
972:16 April
917:cite web
907:19 April
871:cite web
861:19 April
828:cite web
818:15 April
786:Archived
724:cite web
589:See also
406:and the
291:Ant Yapi
90:Location
3347:Skycity
3207:On hold
3164:The One
2934:Oceania
2871:Eurasia
2799:Vietnam
2039:(462 m)
2030:(374 m)
2021:(354 m)
2011:(339 m)
2002:(310 m)
1993:(302 m)
1984:(268 m)
1975:(264 m)
1966:(259 m)
1957:(257 m)
1948:(240 m)
1939:(176 m)
1930:(108 m)
1921:(105 m)
1912:(104 m)
1819:(200 m)
1761:(248 m)
1749:(267 m)
1598:(160 m)
1581:Wellton
1574:(165 m)
1556:(172 m)
1538:(176 m)
1532:(176 m)
1518:Wellton
1496:(198 m)
1490:(213 m)
1478:(240 m)
1422:Eurasia
1320:301.6 m
1289:301.6 m
1260:301.6 m
1231:301.6 m
1164:18 June
1158:News Ru
1138:19 June
1108:18 June
1083:18 June
1021:ctbuh.
900:Emporis
854:Emporis
811:Emporis
715:Emporis
582:Emporis
399:Seattle
389:History
357:as the
330:) is a
2859:Russia
2843:Poland
2833:Europe
2619:Taiwan
2468:Kuwait
2175:Mexico
2110:Africa
2041:(2018)
2032:(2016)
2023:(2015)
2013:(2012)
2004:(2012)
1995:(2009)
1986:(2007)
1977:(2003)
1968:(1997)
1959:(1990)
1950:(1953)
1941:(1952)
1932:(1940)
1923:(1892)
1914:(1883)
1905:(1860)
1842:Europe
1838:Russia
1811:Moscow
1727:Moscow
1688:Khimki
1390:Moscow
575:Awards
494:retail
442:Design
428:London
371:London
363:Europe
344:Russia
340:Moscow
186:Height
102:Russia
98:Moscow
62:Status
3107:Other
3016:China
2605:Parc1
2541:Qatar
2431:Japan
2288:One57
2233:53W53
2159:Chile
2120:Egypt
1753:iCity
693:CTBUH
670:CTBUH
471:rebar
397:from
176:Owner
3009:Asia
2380:Asia
1166:2018
1140:2018
1110:2018
1085:2018
1060:2012
1034:2018
999:2018
974:2018
923:link
909:2018
877:link
863:2018
834:link
820:2018
730:link
533:2006
521:2005
456:NBBJ
404:NBBJ
361:and
308:The
281:Arup
261:NBBJ
163:Cost
70:Type
3592:to
3528:OKO
2017:OKO
1464:OKO
1404:OKO
426:in
369:in
338:in
167:RUB
3618::
1840:;
1168:.
1126:.
1101:.
1076:.
1050:.
1025:.
1007:^
990:.
965:.
954:^
938:.
919:}}
915:{{
897:.
885:^
873:}}
869:{{
851:.
830:}}
826:{{
808:.
796:^
766:.
746:.
726:}}
722:{{
712:.
689:.
666:.
485:.
430:,
373:,
342:,
318:,
100:,
96:,
3597:)
3590:(
3441:e
3434:t
3427:v
2074:e
2067:t
2060:v
1881:e
1874:t
1867:v
1358:e
1351:t
1344:v
1142:.
1112:.
1087:.
1062:.
1036:.
1001:.
976:.
948:)
944:(
925:)
911:.
879:)
865:.
836:)
822:.
772:.
752:.
732:)
698:.
675:.
323::
247:8
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
