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deconstructivist philosophy—that since the act of deconstructivism is not an empirical process, it can result in whatever an architect wishes, and it thus suffers from a lack of consistency. Today there is a sense that the philosophical underpinnings of the beginning of the movement have been lost, and all that is left is the aesthetic of deconstructivism. Other criticisms reject the premise that architecture is a language capable of being the subject of linguistic philosophy, or, if it was a language in the past, critics claim it is no longer. Others question the wisdom and impact on future generations of an architecture that rejects the past and presents no clear values as replacements and which often pursues strategies that are intentionally aggressive to human senses.
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948:", and this is the main subject of deconstructivist philosophy in architecture theory. The presupposition is that architecture is a language capable of communicating meaning and of receiving treatments by methods of linguistic philosophy. The dialectic of presence and absence, or solid and void occurs in much of Eisenman's projects, both built and unbuilt. Both Derrida and Eisenman believe that the locus, or place of presence, is architecture, and the same dialectic of presence and absence is found in construction and deconstructivism.
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850:. Eisenman was a friend of Derrida, but even so his approach to architectural design was developed long before he became a Deconstructivist. For him Deconstructivism should be considered an extension of his interest in radical formalism. Some practitioners of deconstructivism were also influenced by the formal experimentation and geometric imbalances of Russian
1203:, with its granite slabs severing the ground plane, is one. Its shard-like form and reduction of content to a minimalist text influenced deconstructivism, with its sense of fragmentation and emphasis on reading the monument. Lin also contributed work for Eisenman's Wexner Center. Rachel Whiteread's cast architectural spaces are another instance where
1307:) allows the mass production of subtly different modular elements to be achieved at affordable costs. Also, Gehry is noted for producing many physical models as well as computer models as part of his design process. Though the computer has made the designing of complex shapes much easier, not everything that looks odd is "deconstructivist".
1689:, however, had at its core a critique of capitalism and its excess, and from that respect many of the works of the Deconstructivists would fail in that regard if only they are made for an elite and are, as objects, highly expensive, despite whatever critique they may claim to impart on the conventions of design.
1039:. Both Deconstructivism and Constructivism have been concerned with the tectonics of making an abstract assemblage. Both were concerned with the radical simplicity of geometric forms as the primary artistic content, expressed in graphics, sculpture and architecture. The Constructivist tendency toward
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residence, (from 1978), has been cited as a prototypical deconstructivist building. His starting point was a prototypical suburban house embodied with a typical set of intended social meanings. Gehry altered its massing, spatial envelopes, planes and other expectations in a playful subversion, an act
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and deconstructs it, using geometries reminiscent of cubism and abstract expressionism. This subverts the functional aspects of modernist simplicity while taking modernism, particularly the international style, of which its white stucco skin is reminiscent, as a starting point. Another example of the
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The symbolic breakdown of the wall effected by introducing the
Constructivist motifs of tilted and crossed bars sets up a subversion of the walls that define the bar itself. ... This apparent chaos actually constructs the walls that define the bar; it is the structure. The internal disorder produces
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is quite different. The basic building was the subject of problematics and intricacies in deconstructivism, with no detachment for ornament. Rather than separating ornament and function, like postmodernists such as
Venturi, the functional aspects of buildings were called into question. Geometry was
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is now an essential tool in most aspects of contemporary architecture, but the particular nature of deconstructivism makes the use of computers especially pertinent. Three-dimensional modelling and animation (virtual and physical) assists in the conception of very complicated spaces, while the
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Chakraborty, Judhajit; Deconstruction: From
Philosophy to Design. Arizona State University, retrieved June 2006. "Today, in the mid 90s the term 'deconstructivism' is used casually to label any work that favours complexity over simplicity and dramatises the formal possibilities of digital
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calls deconstructivism a "viral expression" that invades design thinking in order to build destroyed forms; while curiously similar to both
Derrida's and Philip Johnson's descriptions, this is meant as a harsh condemnation of the entire movement. Other criticisms are similar to those of
1681:. The two aspects of critical theory, urgency and analysis, are found in deconstructivism. There is a tendency to re-examine and critique other works or precedents in deconstructivism, and also a tendency to set aesthetic issues in the foreground. An example of this is the
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typewriter, a non-conformist design that deconstructed what was typically the typewriter's bodywork, revealing elements normally concealed, using 'floating keys' and a body-colored plastic 'rail' ahead of the spacebar, visually detached from the typewriter's main body.
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to deconstructivists what ornament was to postmodernists, the subject of complication, and this complication of geometry was in turn, applied to the functional, structural, and spatial aspects of deconstructivist buildings. One example of deconstructivist complexity is
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the overall level of complexity involved and maintains a clearer analysis while attempting to reconcile modernist architecture with local differences. In effect, this leads to a modernist "vernacular". Critical regionalism displays a lack of
639:. Tschumi stated that calling the work of these architects a "movement" or a new "style" was out of context and showed a lack of understanding of their ideas, and believed that Deconstructivism was simply a move against the practice of
976:. He made architectural sculptures out of books and often coated the models in texts, openly making his architecture refer to writing. The notions of trace and erasure were taken up by Libeskind in essays and in his project for the
1673:(first edition 1980) there has been a keen consciousness of the role of criticism within architectural theory. Whilst referencing Derrida as a philosophical influence, deconstructivism can also be seen as having as much a basis in
1058:, El Lizzitzky assembled collections of geometries at various angles floating free in space. They evoke basic structural units such as bars of steel or sawn lumber loosely attached, piled, or scattered. They were also often
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In addition to
Derrida's concepts of the metaphysics of presence and deconstructivism, his notions of trace and erasure, embodied in his philosophy of writing and arche-writing found their way into deconstructivist
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also bears similarities to deconstructivist architecture. His movement into abstract expressionism and away from figurative work, is in the same spirit as the deconstructivist rejection of ornament for geometries.
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movement which appeared in the 1980s. It gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building, commonly characterised by an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry. Its name is a
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had a sure effect on deconstructivism, as forms and content are dissected and viewed from different perspectives simultaneously. A synchronicity of disjoined space is evident in many of the works of
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According to
Derrida, readings of texts are best carried out when working with classical narrative structures. Any architectural deconstructivism requires the existence of a particular archetypal
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The primary graphic motifs of constructivism were the rectangular bar and the triangular wedge, others were the more basic geometries of the square and the circle. In his series
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The show examines an episode, a point of intersection between several architects where each constructs an unsettling building by exploiting the hidden potential of modernism.
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762:(published between 1973 and 1984), that journal's contents mark a decisive break between the two movements. Deconstructivism took a confrontational stance to
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Frank Gehry designed the rippling stainless steel tower at 8 Spruce Street, which architecture critics marveled at for its unique "deconstructivism style."
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1179:, in their unadorned masses. The UFA Cinema Center also would make a likely setting for the angular figures depicted in urban German street scenes by
912:(2002). An archetype of deconstructivist architecture, it comprises three fragmented, intersecting curved volumes, symbolizing the destruction of war.
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of place, as well as external criticism and tends towards maintaining a level of complexity. Some architects identified with the movement, notably
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movements of the early twentieth century, both in their graphics and in their visionary architecture, little of which was actually constructed.
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Tesis doctoral, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Registro
Propiedad Intellectual Madrid NÂş 16/2005/3967. Link de descarga de tesis en pdf:
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McLeod, Mary, "Architecture and
Politics in the Reagan Era: From Postmodernism to Deconstructivism," "Assemblage," 8 (1989), pp. 23–59.
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as well. The angular forms of the Ufa Cinema Center by Coop
Himmelb(l)au recall the abstract geometries of the numbered paintings of
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quote "This project develops the realm of the in between, the inter-est.... Pointing to that which is absent". Retrieved April, 2006
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1211:(1990), an entire living space cast in plaster, solidifying the void, alludes to Derrida's notion of architectural presence.
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The difference between criticality in deconstructivism and criticality in critical regionalism is that critical regionalism
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visuals as the
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The projects in this exhibition mark a different sensibility, one in which the dream of pure form has been disturbed.
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This article is about the architectural style or movement known as deconstructivism. For the philosophical idea, see
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Salingaros, Nikos (2008). "Anti-Architecture and Deconstruction", 3rd edition. Umbau-Verlag, Solingen, Germany.
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Several artists in the 1980s and 1990s contributed work that influenced or took part in deconstructivism.
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Besides fragmentation, deconstructivism often manipulates the structure's surface skin and deploys non-
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and ornament can be applied to a pragmatic architecture, and instill the philosophic complexities of
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struction, a strongly-established conventional expectation to play flexibly against. The design of
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781:(1966). It argues against the purity, clarity and simplicity of modernism. With its publication,
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Critics of deconstructivism see it as a purely formal exercise with little social significance.
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associated with deconstructivism. At times deconstructivism mirrors varieties of expressionism,
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It is the ability to disturb our thinking about form that makes these projects deconstructive.
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with rippling stainless steel on three of its elevations including the east elevation facing
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Salingaros, Nikos. "Anti-Architecture and Deconstruction", Umbau-Verlag, 3rd edition, 2008
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854:. There are additional references in deconstructivism to 20th-century movements: the
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Another major current in deconstructivist architecture takes inspiration from the
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of place. Deconstructivism, meanwhile, maintains a level of self-criticism and a
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With its tendency toward deformation and dislocation, there is also an aspect of
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that "broke the rules" of classical architecture through the French language.
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Dissertation Exploring the work of Gordon Matta-Clark. Retrieved April, 2006.
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in Weil-am-Rhein, which takes the typical unadorned white cube of modernist
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Some Deconstructivist architects were influenced by the French philosopher
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Rem Koolhaas and Bernard Tschumi in Conversation, 18 May 2001, ETH ZĂĽrich.
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2355:(with D. Scott Brown and S. Izenour), Cambridge MA, 1972, revised 1977.
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Image and Narrative – The Uncanny and the architecture of Deconstruction
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in contemporary architecture is opposed to the ordered rationality of
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were deconstructed sections of buildings exhibited in art galleries.
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the bar while splitting it even as gashes open up along its length.
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Early antecedents of the architectural movement could be found in
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Deconstructivist Architecture: The Museum of Modern Art, New York
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but a more typical flat surface on its south elevation facing
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Other influential exhibitions include the 1989 opening of the
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2021:"Occupancy at The New York by Gehry falls by more than 20%"
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ability to link computer models to manufacturing jigs (CAM—
980:. The museum is conceived as a trace of the erasure of the
2409:(25th anniversary ed.). Köln: Taschen. p. 204.
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art, is not as great an influence on deconstructivism as
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Forma y composiciĂłn en la Arquitectura deconstructivista
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Forma y composiciĂłn en la Arquitectura deconstructivista
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1941:(Paperback) (Second ed.). Oxford University Press.
1070:. Similar in composition is the deconstructivist series
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A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
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Phillip Johnson and Mark Wigley, excerpt from the MoMA
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are also said to reflect themes of trace and erasure.
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The Gymnasium by Josef Kiszka and Barbara Potysz, in
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The main channel from deconstructivist philosophy to
830:. The Wexner Center takes the archetypal form of the
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Deconstructivism came to public notice with the 1982
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Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: An Introduction
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The Architecture of Deconstruction: Derrida's Haunt
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1934:
573:The term does not inherently refer to the style's
16:Postmodern architectural movement since the 1980s
3908:Museum of Modern Art (New York City) exhibitions
2077:. Thames & Hudson, 3rd edition, 1992, p. 313
2179:Derrida, Jacques & Husserl, Edmund (1989).
2164:Derrida, Jacques & Eisenman, Peter (1997).
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1677:as the other major offshoot of postmodernism,
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2296:Taschen, Aurelia; Taschen, Balthazar (2016).
1199:are two examples. Lin's 1982 project for the
1132:, have had an influence on deconstructivism.
592:shapes which appear to distort and dislocate
538:analysis developed by the French philosopher
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8:
2341:, The Museum of Modern Art Press, New York.
2339:Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture
2207:Johnson, Phillip & Wigley, Mark (1988).
779:Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture
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178:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1542:(1991) by Daniel Navas, Neus Solé. Arch.
940:. Both Derrida and Eisenman, as well as
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2405:Fiell, Charlotte; Fiell, Peter (2005).
2195:Modern Architecture, a critical history
2075:Modern Architecture: A Critical History
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1671:Modern Architecture: A Critical History
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994:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
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2300:(in French). Bibliotheca Universalis.
2197:. Thames & Hudson- Third Edition.
1928:
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1909:"Imperial War Museum North Earth Time"
2275:. George Braziller; Revised edition.
2273:Constructivism: Origins and Evolution
631:exhibition in New York, organized by
7:
2255:1000 Immeubles et monuments de Paris
2047:Kandinsky, "Point and Line to Plane"
1859:Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman,
594:established elements of architecture
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1000:Constructivism and Russian Futurism
2019:Larsen, Keith (November 1, 2020).
14:
3893:21st-century architectural styles
3888:20th-century architectural styles
3095:Architecture of the United States
2225:. Princeton Architectural Press.
2161:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1863:(New York: Monacelli Press, 1997)
1720:finds it "elitist and detached".
1369:GĂĽnter Domenig' s "Steinhaus" at
1084:Phillip Johnson and Mark Wigley,
469:Social construction of technology
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2239:. Dover Publications, New York.
2183:. University of Nebraska Press.
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1207:is confluent with architecture.
800:The deconstructivist reading of
609:architectural design competition
160:add missing citation information
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34:
3408:Sarasota School of Architecture
2475:Vicente Esteban Medina (2003).
2298:L'Architecture Moderne de A Ă Z
2056:Said Frank Gehry of Eisenman's
1791:Rooftop Remodeling Falkestrasse
1597:McCormick Tribune Campus Center
611:, in particular the entry from
600:History, context and influences
45:needs additional citations for
25:deconstruction (disambiguation)
2380:Vicente Esteban Medina (2003)
1:
3533:Building types and vernacular
1786:Reconstruction (architecture)
1287:Deconstructivist Architecture
1240:Deconstructivist architecture
629:Deconstructivist Architecture
464:Social construction of gender
458:Social construction of nature
2458:Resources in other libraries
2318:. The MIT Press. Cambridge.
2316:Architecture and Disjunction
2211:. Little Brown and Company.
2104:General and cited references
1933:Curl, James Stevens (2006).
1885:Architecture and Disjunction
1796:Structuralism (architecture)
1305:computer-aided manufacturing
920:was through the philosopher
820:Complexity and Contradiction
818:deconstructivist reading of
802:Complexity and Contradiction
1836:"What is Deconstructivism?"
1342:Alpine Deconstructivism in
1124:Two strains of modern art,
1086:Deconstructive Architecture
936:competition, documented in
842:Deconstructivist philosophy
722:Modernism and postmodernism
218:Constructivist architecture
3924:
3499:New Classical architecture
3131:Colonial and post-colonial
2407:Design of the 20th Century
2193:Frampton, Kenneth (1992).
2159:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
1823:Taschen & Taschen 2016
1165:expressionist architecture
1148:, with its application of
828:Wexner Center for the Arts
648:Wexner Center for the Arts
18:
3034:
2453:Resources in your library
2314:Tschumi, Bernard (1994).
2257:(in French). Parigramme.
2221:Hays, K.M. (ed.) (1998).
2129:Derrida, Jacques (1967).
2062:Peter Eisenman: 1990-1997
1665:Since the publication of
1538:Paseo de Gracia Station,
1201:Vietnam Veterans Memorial
990:Vietnam Veterans Memorial
944:were concerned with the "
902:Imperial War Museum North
684:Contemporary architecture
619:and the winning entry by
195:
3418:Spanish Colonial Revival
3258:Richardsonian Romanesque
2351:Venturi, Robert (1977).
2337:Venturi, Robert (1966).
2328:Van der Straeten, Bart.
2253:Poisson, Michel (2009).
1985:Holloway, Robert (1994).
1761:Deconstruction (fashion)
1513:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
1490:Walt Disney Concert Hall
519:postmodern architectural
203:Walt Disney Concert Hall
3898:Postmodern architecture
3047:Architecture portal
2353:Learning from Las Vegas
2271:Rickey, George (1995).
2237:Point and Line to Plane
2115:(in French). Larousse.
1897:Learning From Las Vegas
1498:Los Angeles, California
1062:and share aspects with
946:metaphysics of presence
731:Seattle Central Library
354:International relations
207:Los Angeles, California
3351:Dutch Colonial Revival
2334:Retrieved April, 2006.
2113:L'Architecture Moderne
2025:The Real Deal New York
1961:Eisenman and Derrida,
1292:
1173:abstract expressionism
1121:
1091:
913:
741:
713:' design for the 1969
702:
448:Social constructionism
23:. For other uses, see
3595:Hall and parlor house
3555:Central-passage house
3376:Mediterranean Revival
3102:Native and indigenous
2392:http://oa.upm.es/481/
2365:Wigley, Mark (1995).
2149:, corrected edition:
1325:Jewish Museum, Berlin
1300:Computer-aided design
1295:Computer-aided design
1181:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1101:
1074:by Daniel Libeskind.
992:and Peter Eisenman's
964:of "de"construction"
896:
880:form follows function
764:architectural history
729:
698:typewriter (1969) by
692:
452:social constructivism
3903:Architectural design
3575:Critical regionalism
3268:American Renaissance
2991:Critical regionalism
2573:Critical regionalism
2235:Kandinsky, Wassily.
1781:Novelty architecture
1756:Constructivism (art)
1679:critical regionalism
1236:Museum of Modern Art
1223:1988 MoMA exhibition
978:Jewish Museum Berlin
918:architectural theory
625:Museum of Modern Art
581:movement during the
147:needs more complete
54:improve this article
3423:Territorial Revival
3366:International style
3336:California bungalow
3326:American Foursquare
2839:International style
2831:Rationalist-Fascist
2775:Stripped Classicism
2708:Stripped Classicism
2688:Rationalist-Fascist
2613:International style
2519:modern architecture
2168:. Monacelli Press.
2111:Bony, Anne (2012).
2073:Frampton, Kenneth.
1907:Libeskind, Daniel.
1743:Architecture portal
1389:Vitra Design Museum
1068:engineering drawing
1029:Alexander Rodchenko
934:Parc de la Villette
811:Vitra Design Museum
606:Parc de la Villette
192:
3474:Mid-century modern
3321:American Craftsman
3310:Streamline Moderne
2922:(1940s–late 1970s)
2911:Mid-century modern
2879:Postconstructivism
2823:Streamline Moderne
2703:Streamline Moderne
2668:Postconstructivism
2623:Mid-Century modern
2468:Wiener Postmoderne
2223:Oppositions Reader
1992:2007-05-17 at the
1914:2007-10-21 at the
1661:Critical responses
1632:Santiago Calatrava
1624:Puente de la Mujer
1213:Gordon Matta-Clark
1122:
1119:financial district
924:'s influence with
914:
910:Greater Manchester
888:truth to materials
742:
715:Olivetti Valentine
703:
695:Olivetti Valentine
426:Post-postmodernism
278:Post-structuralism
222:Post-structuralist
69:"Deconstructivism"
3865:
3864:
3437:Post–World War II
3149:Colonial Georgian
3061:
3060:
2439:Library resources
2369:. The MIT Press.
2307:978-3-8365-5630-9
2291:978-3-937954-09-7
2264:978-2-84096-539-8
2122:978-2-03-587641-6
1476:Coop Himmelb(l)au
1234:curated the 1988
1185:Wassily Kandinsky
1169:neo-expressionism
1154:Analytical cubism
1134:Analytical cubism
1064:technical drawing
1037:Coop Himmelb(l)au
707:industrial design
676:Coop Himmelb(l)au
623:, as well as the
568:Coop Himmelb(l)au
512:
511:
386:Political science
228:
227:
188:
187:
180:
130:
129:
122:
104:
3915:
3878:Deconstructivism
3836:Washington, D.C.
3454:Deconstructivism
3356:Georgian Revival
3346:Colonial Revival
3299:mid-20th century
3223:Mid-19th century
3169:Spanish Colonial
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3053:Related articles
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1441:
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1264:Daniel Libeskind
1205:contemporary art
1197:Rachel Whiteread
1146:Synthetic cubism
1094:Contemporary art
1089:
1025:Kazimir Malevich
1010:Russian Futurist
942:Daniel Libeskind
876:contemporary art
746:Deconstructivism
660:Daniel Libeskind
560:Daniel Libeskind
515:Deconstructivism
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2007:Of Grammatology
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1987:"Mattaclarking"
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1975:Of Grammatology
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1256:Coop Himmelblau
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1142:Bernard Tschumi
1103:8 Spruce Street
1096:
1090:
1083:
1002:
974:concrete poetry
922:Jacques Derrida
848:Jacques Derrida
844:
769:In addition to
724:
711:Ettore Sottsass
700:Ettore Sottsass
680:Bernard Tschumi
621:Bernard Tschumi
613:Jacques Derrida
602:
583:First World War
564:Bernard Tschumi
540:Jacques Derrida
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1183:. The work of
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930:Deconstruction
926:Peter Eisenman
884:purity of form
852:constructivism
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775:Robert Venturi
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3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3428:Tudor Revival
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Mayan Revival
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
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3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Second Empire
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:Greek Revival
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
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3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3015:New Classical
3013:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2959:Postmodernism
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2943:Structuralism
2941:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2898:(1930s–1950s)
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2850:(1920s–1970s)
2848:
2847:Functionalism
2845:
2840:
2837:
2834:(1920s–1930s)
2832:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2767:Expressionism
2765:
2762:(1890s–1920s)
2760:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Structuralism
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Postmodernism
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:New Classical
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Monumentalism
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Functionalism
2591:
2589:
2588:Expressionism
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
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2507:
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2500:
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2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2416:9783822840788
2412:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2375:0-262-73114-2
2372:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:0-262-72006-X
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:0-87070-282-3
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2324:0-262-20094-5
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:0-8076-1381-9
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2245:0-486-23808-3
2242:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:1-56898-153-8
2228:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:0-87070-298-X
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:0-500-20257-5
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:0-8032-6580-8
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:1-885254-40-7
2171:
2167:
2166:Chora l Works
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:0-8018-5830-5
2152:
2148:
2147:0-8018-1879-6
2144:
2141:, paperback:
2140:
2139:0-8018-1841-9
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2092:
2089:
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2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1948:0-19-860678-8
1944:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:Chora L Works
1856:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1802:
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1744:
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1733:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:Wexner Center
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:New synagogue
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1610:
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1602:
1598:
1591:
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1507:
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1473:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:Vlado Milunić
1416:
1415:Dancing House
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:Weil am Rhein
1394:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1356:Horst Lechner
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1294:
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1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1217:Building cuts
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:expressionism
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
938:Chora l Works
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:expressionism
861:
860:postmodernism
857:
853:
849:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
815:art galleries
812:
808:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:functionalism
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
760:
755:
754:Postmodernism
751:
747:
740:
736:
732:
728:
721:
719:
716:
712:
709:, notably in
708:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
599:
597:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:deconstructed
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:", a form of
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
486:
485:
483:
482:
477:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
455:
454:
453:
449:
445:
444:
443:
442:
437:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:Metamodernism
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
343:Picture books
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
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284:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:Postmodernity
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
234:Postmodernism
231:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
194:
182:
179:
171:
168:November 2023
161:
155:
154:
150:
145:This article
143:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:December 2012
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
3801:Philadelphia
3761:Jacksonville
3650:Quiggly hole
3489:Neo-futurism
3484:Neo-eclectic
3453:
3444:Blobitecture
3297:Late-19th to
3207:Neoclassical
3202:Jeffersonian
3144:First Period
3038:
3023:Contemporary
2998:
2975:Neo-futurism
2967:Blobitecture
2906:(1930s–1970)
2638:Neo-Futurism
2582:
2568:Contemporary
2548:Blobitecture
2482:(in Spanish)
2477:
2443:
2406:
2387:
2382:
2366:
2352:
2338:
2330:
2315:
2297:
2272:
2254:
2236:
2222:
2208:
2194:
2180:
2165:
2130:
2112:
2096:production."
2091:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2035:
2030:February 25,
2028:. Retrieved
2024:
2014:
2006:
2001:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1963:Choral Works
1962:
1957:
1936:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1842:. 2018-08-12
1839:
1830:
1715:
1707:dystopianism
1693:
1691:
1670:
1664:
1609:Rem Koolhaas
1580:, Spain, by
1371:Lake Ossiach
1298:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1260:Rem Koolhaas
1239:
1226:
1216:
1208:
1190:
1158:
1150:found object
1123:
1085:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1053:
1049:collectivist
1021:El Lissitzky
1014:
1003:
966:
961:Santa Monica
952:
950:
937:
915:
845:
819:
801:
799:
778:
770:
768:
757:
745:
743:
735:Rem Koolhaas
704:
693:
664:Rem Koolhaas
645:
628:
603:
587:
574:
572:
556:Rem Koolhaas
514:
513:
304:Architecture
294:Anthropology
273:Posthumanism
268:Hyperreality
240:Preceded by
174:
165:
158:Please help
153:verification
146:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3811:San Antonio
3786:New Orleans
3776:Los Angeles
3766:Kansas City
3700:Town square
3685:Sweat lodge
3635:Plank house
3585:Earth lodge
3403:PWA Moderne
3278:Stick style
3174:Territorial
2938:(1953–1970)
2914:(1933–1969)
2890:(1933–1944)
2887:PWA Moderne
2874:(1910–1939)
2826:(1925–1950)
2818:(1922–1933)
2810:(1921–1929)
2807:Rondocubism
2802:(1920–1932)
2794:(1919–1933)
2786:(1917–1931)
2754:(1890–1910)
2751:Art Nouveau
2746:(1888–1911)
2718:Sustainable
2693:Rondocubism
2678:PWA Moderne
2538:Art Nouveau
2471:(in German)
1711:Frank Gehry
1654:Manuel Herz
1517:Frank Gehry
1494:Frank Gehry
1423:Frank Gehry
1393:Frank Gehry
1248:Frank Gehry
1238:exhibition
1228:Mark Wigley
1177:Franz Kline
1138:Frank Gehry
1115:Wall Street
957:Frank Gehry
862:interplay,
807:Frank Gehry
787:rationalism
771:Oppositions
759:Oppositions
656:Frank Gehry
637:Mark Wigley
590:rectilinear
552:Frank Gehry
524:portmanteau
431:Remodernism
314:Criminology
299:Archaeology
3872:Categories
3675:Skyscraper
3630:Moki steps
3625:Longhouses
3519:Tiny-house
3514:Shed style
3504:Postmodern
3331:Beaux-Arts
3283:Queen Anne
3235:Italianate
3212:Antebellum
2951:Metabolism
2863:Organicism
2743:Modernisme
2663:Organicism
2628:Modernisme
2618:Metabolism
2517:Genres of
1846:2020-07-19
1776:Thom Mayne
1703:utopianism
1605:IIT Campus
1576:(left) in
1449:Moscow IBC
1252:Zaha Hadid
1126:minimalism
1072:Micromegas
1033:Zaha Hadid
872:minimalism
672:Zaha Hadid
544:Zaha Hadid
381:Psychology
359:Philosophy
339:Literature
334:Television
224:philosophy
214:Influences
80:newspapers
3831:St. Louis
3771:Las Vegas
3680:Sod house
3620:Log cabin
3565:Corn crib
3494:Neomodern
3469:High-tech
3464:Earthship
3449:Brutalist
3250:Victorian
3007:Neomodern
2983:High-tech
2935:New Khmer
2919:Brutalism
2895:Stalinist
2698:Stalinist
2653:New Khmer
2643:Neomodern
2608:High-tech
2558:Bowellism
2553:Brutalism
2425:809539744
2157:) trans.
2005:Derrida,
1973:Derrida,
1883:Tschumi,
1840:ArchDaily
1807:Citations
1801:Vorticism
1628:Argentina
1578:Barcelona
1540:Barcelona
1352:Christine
1344:KitzbĂĽhel
1107:Manhattan
1045:socialist
1017:Naum Gabo
982:Holocaust
970:memorials
898:Libeskind
856:modernism
795:semiology
750:Modernism
744:The term
416:Criticism
408:Reactions
364:Anarchism
242:Modernism
149:citations
3806:Portland
3746:Columbus
3550:Cape Cod
3545:Barabara
3306:Art Deco
3114:Builders
3026:(2000s–)
3018:(1990s–)
3010:(1990s–)
3002:(1980s–)
2994:(1980s–)
2986:(1970s–)
2978:(1960s–)
2970:(1960s–)
2962:(1960s–)
2927:Tropical
2871:Art Deco
2866:(1920s–)
2858:(1920s–)
2855:Futurism
2842:(1920s–)
2783:De Stijl
2723:Tropical
2598:Futurism
2578:De Stijl
2533:Art Deco
1990:Archived
1912:Archived
1729:See also
1582:Toyo Ito
1283:—
1193:Maya Lin
1117:and the
1111:Brooklyn
1082:—
1051:causes.
1015:Artists
986:Maya Lin
906:Trafford
886:", and "
652:Columbus
627:’s 1988
536:semiotic
400:Religion
396:Theology
324:Feminism
3826:Spokane
3821:Seattle
3756:Houston
3751:Detroit
3741:Chicago
3736:Buffalo
3726:Atlanta
3690:Temples
3660:Saltbox
3600:I-house
3560:Chickee
3524:Usonian
3459:Dingbat
3316:Pre-war
3288:Shingle
3197:Federal
2954:(1959–)
2946:(1959–)
2930:(1958–)
2882:(1930s)
2791:Bauhaus
2778:(1913–)
2770:(1910–)
2543:Bauhaus
1694:reduces
1601:Chicago
1472:Dresden
1468:Dresden
1401:Germany
1375:Austria
1348:Austria
1329:Germany
1311:Gallery
1289:catalog
1088:, p. 34
1060:drafted
959:’s own
439:Related
391:Theatre
369:Marxism
341: (
94:scholar
3852:Hawaii
3845:States
3731:Boston
3719:Cities
3710:Wigwam
3670:Sipapu
3655:Ramada
3479:Modern
3413:Rustic
3361:Googie
3139:Creole
3121:Pueblo
2903:Googie
2735:decade
2603:Googie
2441:about
2423:
2413:
2373:
2359:
2345:
2322:
2304:
2289:
2279:
2261:
2243:
2229:
2215:
2201:
2187:
2172:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2119:
2009:(1967)
1945:
1701:and a
1556:Orlová
1521:Bilbao
1453:Russia
1427:Prague
1354:&
1266:, and
1171:, and
1130:cubism
1056:Prouns
1041:purism
1027:, and
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