346:(2000) – an interactive museum of science that resembles the skeleton of a whale. It occupies around 40,000 m (430,556 sq ft) on three floors. Much of the ground floor is taken up by a basketball court sponsored by a local team and various companies. The building has three floors, of which 26,000 square meters (280,000 sq ft) is used for exhibitions. The first floor has a view of the Turia Garden that surrounds it, which is over 13,500 square meters of water. The second floor hosts "The Legacy of Science" exhibition by researchers Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Severo Ochoa y Jean Dausset. The third floor is known as the "Chromosome Forest" and shows the sequencing of human DNA. Also on this floor are the "Zero Gravity," "Space Academy" and "Marvel Superheroes" exhibitions. The building's architecture is known for its geometry, structure, use of materials, and its design around nature. The building is about 42,000 square meters (452,084 sq ft), of which 26,000 square meters (279,862 sq ft) is exhibition space, making it the largest in Spain. It has 20,000 square meters (215,278 sq ft) of glass, 4,000 panes, 58,000 m (2,048,251 cu ft) of concrete, and 14,000 tons of steel. The building stands 220 meters (720 ft) long, 80 meters (260 ft) wide and 55 meters (180 ft) high.
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323:. The building is meant to resemble a giant eye, and has an approximate surface of 13,000 m (139,931 sq ft). The Hemisfèric, also known as the planetarium or the "eye of knowledge", is the centerpiece of the City of Arts and Sciences. It was the first building completed in 1998. Its design resembles an eyelid that opens to access the surrounding water pool. The bottom of the pool is glass, creating the illusion of the eye as a whole. This planetarium is a half-sphere in a concrete structure 110 meters (360 ft) long and 55.5 meters (182 ft) wide. The shutter is built of elongated aluminum awnings that fold upward collectively to form a
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master hall, the auditorium, and the Martin y Soler theatre. It holds many events such as opera, theatre and music in its auditoriums. Panoramic lifts and stairways connect platforms at different heights on the inside of the metallic frames of the building. The building has a metallic feather outer roof that is 230 meters long and 70 meters high. The building is supported by white concrete. Two laminated steel shells cover the building, weighing over 3,000 tons. These shells are 163 meters wide and 163 meters long.
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2 inches. He also built the church of La Virgin
Milagrosa in Mexico City and the church of San Vicente de Paul. His designs consisted of warped-shell industrial buildings, thin-shell centenary, and barrel-vaulted factories and warehouses. Candela was also a teacher at Harvard University and the University of Illinois. Felix Candela designed the underwater city
529:(2007) - concrete road bridge crossing the dry Turia riverbed that consists of an older straight-roadway northern segment with column piers designed by Fernández Ordóñez (1933–2000) connected with a newer curved-roadway southern segment with white arch point supports designed by Santiago Calatrava, located in between, and complementing his design of,
597:– part of a Calatrava project (2005) to complete the City of Arts and Sciences with the additional construction, then estimated to take more than two decades to complete, of three sculptural towers of 308, 266 and 220 m tall, which symbolize the cities of Valencia, Alicante and Castellón, respectively. The proposed project has been put on hold.
589:) are held. The Agora is a space designed to hold a variety of events such as concerts, performances, exhibitions, conventions, staging of congresses, and international sports meetings. Many important events have been held in this building, including the Freestyle Burn Spanish Cup in 2010 and the Christmas Special Program.
474:(2003) – an open-air oceanographic park. It is the largest oceanographic aquarium in Europe with 110,000 square meters (1,184,030 sq ft) and 42,000,000 liters (9,200,000 imp gal; 11,000,000 U.S. gal) of water. It was built in the shape of a water lily and is the work of architect
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Ten Ros drew up a first draft, entitled "Vilanova, A City of
Science for Valencia", which was officially presented to the Generalitat in May 1989. After that, he was formally commissioned in 1990 to direct the creation of a general draft amounting to 92,650,000 pesetas (556,000 euros), to be managed
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After a change of government in 1996, the planned telecommunication tower was cancelled and replaced by an opera house, which was more expensive, and architect Félix
Candela was added to design an oceanographic park, all of which led to underspecified increases in the project budget and to updating
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roof that opens along the curved axis of the eye. It opens to reveal the dome, the "iris" of the eye, which is the planetarium or Ominax theater. The structure is divided in half by a set of stairs that descend into the vaulted concrete lobby. The underground spaces are illuminated with the use of
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is also home to numerous free-standing sculptures surrounded by nature. It was designed as an entrance to the City of Arts and
Sciences. It is 320 meters (1,050 ft) long and 60 meters (197 ft) wide, located on the southern side of the complex. It includes 55 fixed arches and 54 floating
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The revised plan (by
Calatrava) exhibited a strong longitudinal axis that defined the backbone tying together all the structures of the complex. It bisected the Opera House, Montolivet Bridge, L'Hemisferic, and extended through the Assut de L'Or Bridge and L'Agora (commissioned later in 2005) to
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and performing arts center dedicated to music and the performing arts. It is surrounded by 87,000 square meters (936,460 sq ft) of landscape and water, as well as 10,000 square meters (107,639 sq ft) of walking area. The Palau de Les Arts has four sections: the main hall, the
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was born in
Valencia, Spain, on 28 July 1951. He is an architect and engineer also known for his skills in painting and sculpting. He attended the Art Academy in Valencia in the mid-1960s; then he earned a degree in architecture and a postgraduate course in city planning at the Escuela Tecnica
635:. Antonio Ten Ros assembled a team of 56 scientists, museologists and designers including Professor José María López Piñero as responsible for the space "A walk through history". Ten Ros presented the draft in 32 volumes to President Lerma in the Palace of the Generalitat on 21 December 1991.
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in Zurich. He was recognized for his achievement in creating poetics of movement and integrating public transportation in a natural setting and urban context. Another theme in his work was moving contraptions in his buildings; for example, his dome for the
Reichstag Conversion Competition in
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structures distinguished by thin, curved shells. His popularity sprung from his design, in collaboration with Jorge
Gonzales Reyna, of the Cosmic Rays Pavilion (1951) in Mexico. He used his signature design of the reinforced concrete roof that varies in thickness from only 5/8 inch to
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translucent glass panels within the walking path. The transparent roof is supported by concrete arches that connect to the sunken gallery. There is a remarkable echo in the building and if two people stand at the two opposite pillars inside of the eye they can speak with each other.
709:(CACSA). Construction on the City of Arts and Sciences under CACSA began July 1996. When construction started in 1997 on the Palau de les Arts, it was built with the same foundation and the same contract that had been planned for the cancelled communications tower.
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arches that stand 18 meters (59 ft) high. The plants displayed were carefully picked to change colour with each season. The garden includes 99 palm trees, 78 small palm trees, and 62 bitter orange trees. There are 42 varieties of shrubs from the
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The team that had designed the museum did not see eye to eye with the form in which
Santiago Calatrava conceived the building, and a couple of changes were made. Preliminary site work began by the end of 1994.
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won against the
Socialists. However, several successive Popular Party governments continued and expanded the complex far beyond the original Socialist project at an enormous cost, heavily indebting the city.
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In July 1996, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, S.A. was founded, following a change in company name from Vacico (Valencia, Ciencia y Comunicaciones), a trading company run by the Government of Valencia.
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In May 1991, the council approved the transfer of lands. Four months later the project plan with three structures (communications tower, planetarium, and a science museum) was presented, designed by
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As the site is close to the sea, and Valencia is so dry, I decided to make water a major element for the whole site using it as a mirror for the architecture. --Santiago Calatrava
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Superior de Arquitectura, studied civil engineering at the Federal Polytechnic University of Zurich, and participated in academic research investigating the foldability of
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Construction continued on the site until the last structure, L'Agora, was completed in 2009. The total cost of the project came in at 1,200 million euros.
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sustained by a curved pylon with backstayed counterweights, crossing the dry Turia riverbed, connecting the south side with Minorca Street, in between
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L'Oceanografic (designed by Candela). Parallel to the axis were placed the science museum, L'Umbracle, raised promenades and reflecting pools.
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Plan: longitudinal axis bisects Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, Montolivet Bridge, L'Hemisferic, and extends through L'Agora to L'Oceanografic
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The "City of Science and Communications" was the name that the autonomous government gave to the initiative, and plans included a 370 m high
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opens and closes like a flower, and the Planetarium in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia opens and closes like eyelids.
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Originally budgeted at €300 million in 1991 for three structures, it has expanded about three times the initial expected cost.
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In April 1998, the complex opened its doors to the public with L'Hemisfèric. Eleven months later, the President of Valencia,
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Another unifying element was the use of the city’s traditional heritage, viz., the use of ceramic mosaic tiles known as
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was born on 27 January 1910 in Madrid, Spain, and died on 7 December 1997. His architectural designs are composed of
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In 2016 (broadcast in 2017) it was used as a filming location for the British science-fiction television programme
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In 2019 it was reported that the economic impact of the complex is €113 million a year and generates 3509 jobs.
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The complex is made up of the following buildings and structures, presented in the order of their inauguration:
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367:(2001) – an open structure enveloping a landscaped walk with plant species indigenous to Valencia (such as
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were shot at the City of Arts and Sciences. Portions of the area were featured in the 2013 racing game
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Calatrava's architecture aims to unite structure and movement. Early in his career, Calatrava designed
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1417:. Vol. Architecture, Spatial Planning and Civil Engineering. Durres, Albania. pp. 32–42.
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The City of Arts and Sciences is situated at the southeast end of the former riverbed of the river
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saw in the City of Science a "work of the pharaohs" that would serve only to swell the ego of the
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567:. The pylon of the bridge, at 125 meters (410 ft) high, is the highest point in the city.
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861:". The location was used as the headquarters of the company DELOS in the third season of the
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in Paris, and through the general director of planning and studies of the Presidency of the
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1679:"For Westworld Season 3, Los Angeles of 2058 Was Built With Input From Bjarke Ingels"
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https://www.atlasofwonders.com/2020/09/bill-and-ted-house-filming-locations.html
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1411:"Santiago Calatrava, City of Arts and Science: The Similarity of the Elements"
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as a photo location. Exterior scenes of the futuristic city in the 2015 film
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Various exterior shots of the complex were used to depict a conceptual 2039
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585:(2009) – a covered plaza in which concerts and sporting events (such as the
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Sharp, Dennis. Santiago Calatrava. London: E & FN SPON, 1994. Print.
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285:. The most recent building in the complex, L'Àgora, was opened in 2009.
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Panorama (2007, before Assut de l'Or Bridge and Ágora were built)
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Jodidio, Philip. Santiago Calatrava. Köln: Taschen, 1998. Print.
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It's also used as the set of the 2020 television adaptation of
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Parts of the musical number "Style" from the 2007 Indian film
266:. The old riverbed was turned into a picturesque sunken park.
1389:"1995: Santiago Calatrava and the Popular Party (in Spanish)"
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in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, reminiscent of
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1564:"City of Arts and Sciences - Valencia - Santiago Calatrava"
1652:"Visit Doctor Who's spectacular colony world… in Valencia"
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The project was not without controversy. The Conservative
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Final Degree Project: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
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Final Degree Project: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
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Final Degree Project: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
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Final Degree Project: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
1335:"1991: Santiago Calatrava and Joan Lerma (in Spanish)"
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1609:"CHRONOLOGY: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A."
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1721:"La Ciudad de las Artes aporta 113 millones al PIB"
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Santiago Calatrava Collects Critics as Well as Fans
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1508:"HISTORY: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias S.A."
1313:"1989: The Antonio Ten Ros project (in Spanish)"
760:Architects: Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela
122:Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, S.A. (CACSA)
1633:"George Clooney's Tomorrowland Exists in Spain"
912:is also done in the City of Arts and Sciences.
906:. Parts of the shooting for the 2021 TV series
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1356:"Calatrava considers his fees 'even modest'"
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1192:"End point to the City of Arts (in Spanish)"
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1409:Tola, Ani; Vokshi, Armand (November 2013).
1786:Photo essay City of Arts and Sciences 2002
1781:Architectural photos by Varlamov at flickr
1194:. ABC Valencian Community. 2 November 2009
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1164:[θjuˈðaððelasˈaɾtesilasˈθjenθjas]
853:, appearing in the second episode of the
519:Montolivet Bridge, newer southern segment
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1132:, home of the City of Arts and Sciences.
707:Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, S.A.
428:. In the garden there are 16 species of
1732:Tzonis, Alexander. Santiago Calatrava:
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336:Museo de las Ciencias Príncipe Felipe
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1826:Buildings and structures in Valencia
1761:Official tourism website of Valencia
621:Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
27:Cultural complex in Valencia, Spain
1067:Assut de l'Or Bridge, Ágora (2014)
1055:City of Arts and Sciences at night
703:Valencia, Ciencia y Comunicaciones
240:Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
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1774:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
1755:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
1736:. New York: Rizzoli, 2004. Print.
1415:2013 UBT International Conference
1231:Ordóñez, José Antonio Fernández.
230:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
39:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
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1841:Tourist attractions in Valencia
1821:Modernist architecture in Spain
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1708:Where is Intergalactic Filmed?
1650:Webb, Claire (22 April 2017).
1387:Osset, Lucia (24 April 2014).
1333:Osset, Lucia (24 April 2014).
1311:Osset, Lucia (24 April 2014).
676:Expanded plan and construction
611:In 1989, the president of the
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1801:Santiago Calatrava structures
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897:Bill & Ted Face the Music
750:Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía
701:. In July 1996, the original
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1831:1998 establishments in Spain
1591:"Cost overruns (in Spanish)"
1017:Walkway canopy of L'Umbracle
1816:Convention centers in Spain
1589:Osset, Lucia (9 May 2014).
1535:"City Of Arts And Sciences"
1483:"City of Arts and Sciences"
1103:Noche Ciudad Artes Ciencias
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1233:"Puente de Monteolivete"
561:El Museu de les Ciències
292:Buildings and structures
887:Cosmos: Possible Worlds
357:, built over a car park
283:Valencian Community Day
1806:High-tech architecture
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103:39.45417°N 0.35000°W
1637:The Huffington Post
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1734:The Complete Works
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822:In popular culture
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587:Valencia Open 500
555:(2008) – a white
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1698:October 2020
1691:
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1661:. Retrieved
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1615:. Retrieved
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1572:. Retrieved
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1543:. Retrieved
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1490:. Retrieved
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1438:. Retrieved
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1364:. Retrieved
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1291:. Retrieved
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1266:. Retrieved
1262:
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1236:
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1196:. Retrieved
1145:
1079:L'Àgora 2010
1001:Interior of
919:
907:
901:
895:
885:
879:
872:
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855:tenth series
848:
846:
841:Tomorrowland
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827:
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812:Antoni Gaudí
797:
785:
781:space frames
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735:
732:Inauguration
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697:the name to
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535:L'Hemisferic
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506:(2005) – an
501:
469:
435:
429:
422:pampas grass
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325:brise soleil
311:(1998) – an
309:L'Hemisfèric
308:
303:L'Hemisfèric
295:
287:
269:Designed by
268:
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239:
229:
220:
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136:L'Hemisfèric
127:Construction
48:
38:
1657:Radio Times
989:Reflections
975:Opera House
814:'s work in
754:opera house
723:“trencadis”
644:planetarium
508:opera house
385:honeysuckle
317:planetarium
106: /
81:Coordinates
37:Valencian:
1795:Categories
1663:27 January
1175:References
1151:Valencian:
1003:L'Umbracle
850:Doctor Who
670:Socialists
617:Joan Lerma
436:L'Umbracle
408:including
393:palm trees
364:L'Umbracle
355:L'Umbracle
144:L'Umbracle
94:00°21′00″W
91:39°27′15″N
1460:ignored (
1450:cite book
1029:Panoramic
868:Westworld
816:Barcelona
426:plumbagos
225:Valencian
179:Architect
47:Spanish:
1764:Archived
1539:Arcspace
1160:Spanish:
1109:See also
977:at night
418:buddleia
410:cistuses
401:Umbracle
397:Yoko Ono
381:lavender
377:rosemary
373:lentisca
369:rockrose
321:laserium
315:Cinema,
245:Valencia
162:(2008),
158:(2007),
154:(2005),
150:(2003),
146:(2001),
142:(2000),
138:(1998),
73:Valencia
69:Location
1617:20 July
1574:20 July
1545:20 July
1516:20 July
1492:20 July
1440:20 July
1366:20 July
1360:El País
1293:20 July
1268:22 June
1242:22 June
924:Gallery
865:series
771:in 2010
648:pesetas
631:by the
602:History
582:L'Àgora
575:L'Àgora
565:L'Agora
484:Red Sea
414:mastics
235:Spanish
194:Website
164:L'Àgora
75:, Spain
1612:CAC SA
1511:CAC SA
1431:
1198:1 July
1005:(2007)
829:Sivaji
793:Berlin
450:, and
444:agatea
424:, and
166:(2009)
132:Opened
1137:Notes
859:Smile
440:lotus
260:Turia
249:Spain
211:.html
209:/home
119:Owner
1665:2020
1619:2020
1576:2020
1547:2020
1518:2020
1494:2020
1469:link
1462:help
1442:2020
1429:ISBN
1368:2020
1295:2020
1270:2020
1244:2020
1200:2010
973:The
563:and
533:and
391:and
319:and
313:IMAX
273:and
219:The
203:.cac
1419:doi
890:on
863:HBO
857:, "
207:/en
205:.es
201:www
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223:(
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