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landfall, most of the city’s power was affected, which caused the prison to lose power as well. During this outage, many of the prisoners were locked in their cells due to the doors solely opening electronically. After being left in the dark due to the wind damage, the breaking of levees throughout the city flooded New
Orleans and affected the prison. These prisoners were left by guards and deputies alike in the prison with chest high water and no food or water. Due to the lack of power, the inmates took it upon themselves to start fires in the facility despite lack of ventilation. Though most left, there were some prison guards who stayed in the city during the storm. These guards allegedly assaulted the prisoners during this time. Many prisoners were shot, beaten, and maced. The prisoners feared for their lives during these encounters with the guards. The inmates endured these living conditions for three to five days before being relocated by officials. Once official teams came in to rescue the prisoners, they were all moved to I-10, the major interstate in New Orleans. Inmates who were not able to be easily rescued were left in the prison. While located on I-10, the inmates were given water and food, though for some this was given too late. There were many inmates who passed out due to dehydration. While the inmates continued to endure these conditions, there were a total of six public defenders who were managing the cases of all of New Orleans prisoners. The prisoners were later sent off to different prisons around the state of Louisiana while the city was still underwater. After the flood waters receded, many of the inmates of Orleans Parish Prison served longer sentences due to the lack of government in New Orleans and public defender staff shortages. The Criminal Justice System was out of order in the city for months and did not release its first prisoner on bond until October 2006.
1922:—at higher rates than their white counterparts. Populations experiencing mental illnesses, especially after a natural disaster, is not uncommon. African-Americans, however, “had approximately two-fold greater odds of screening positive for PTSD” after Hurricane Katrina than white people. It is deduced that African-Americans exhibit PTSD at higher frequencies than white people because they “were more likely to experience frequent mental distress.” For example, African-Americans “report more negative events and chronic stressors–witnessing violence, receiving bad news, death events, lifetime major discrimination, daily discrimination–than whites, which negatively affects their mental health.” African-Americans “are more segregated than any other racial/ethnic group in the United States, and racial segregation is associated with poorer quality housing and neighborhoods that have limited resources to enhance health and well-being.” Another study found that “Black race was associated with greater symptom severity” of PTSD than other races. It is known that, “Minority status itself has been shown to increase the risk of PTSD after trauma, though this effect may be largely because of differential exposure to poverty and violence.” Additionally, the “largely Black population of New Orleans bore a disproportionately heavy burden of pre disaster chronic disease complicated by inadequate health care access.”
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546:, subject to cost sharing principles, some of which were waived by later legislation. The local municipalities were charged with maintenance once the projects were completed. After 1965, the corps built a levee system around a much larger geographic footprint that included previous marshland and swamp. Many new subdivisions were developed to cater to those who preferred a more suburban lifestyle but were open to remaining within the city limits of New Orleans. Historians question why the area farthest east was developed, since it was viable wetlands and because ringing this region with levees did nothing significant toward protecting the city. What expansion accomplished was to increase the amount of land that could be developed, and it was a reason for the Army Corps to expand the size of its project. In addition the structures caused
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task, as engineering units. The number of people at the convention center continued to grow over the next three days by some estimates to as many as 20,000 people. Reasons for arriving included being sent to the convention center from the overwhelmed
Superdome, being dropped off there by rescuers, or hearing about the convention center as a shelter via word of mouth. No checking for weapons was done among the crowd as was done at the Superdome, and a large store of alcohol kept at the Convention Center was looted. Reports of robberies, murder, and rapes began to surface, in particular that a 14-year-old girl had been raped and that seven dead bodies were lying on the third floor. In general, those who died, regardless of cause of death, were not moved or removed and were left to decompose.
609:(OPP), to have insufficient funding for proper equipment and emergency planning. Along with the law enforcement, the city’s district attorney’s office had very little funding as well. Each prosecutor was only paid $ 30,000 starting off and the public defenders only $ 29,000. These public defenders’ income came from the traffic tickets and court fees of the city residents. These earnings were oftentimes very inconsistent, in turn causing these low wages. New Orleans only had 30 public defenders to handle all of its cases annually. In the days leading up to the storm, the lack of preparation at Orleans Parish Prison caused the overlooking of evacuation plans. This absence of preparation later led to the suffering of its prisoners during one of America’s most damaging hurricanes.
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1048:, which included flooding and corroded roller-coaster tracks, the theme park eventually became abandoned and was not repaired because it would be too expensive and the park was not very profitable. Several reopening or reparation proposals have been planned, but none of them were successful in following through. Although the theme park remains standing as of 2023, reports suggest that it will be demolished in the following years. In August 2024, Bayou Phoenix announced that the park will be demolished beginning in September of 2024.
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1438:, one of the largest structures in the city, to wait out the storm or to await further evacuation. Many others made their way to the Superdome on their own, hoping to find food, water, shelter, or transport out of town. As Katrina passed over New Orleans on August 29, it ripped two holes in the Superdome roof. The area outside the Superdome was flooded to a depth of 3 feet (0.91 m), with a possibility of 7 feet (2.1 m) if the area equalized with Lake Pontchartrain. On the evening of August 30, Maj. Gen.
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local and other federal authorities to feed, process and transport evacuees to other accommodations; the division’s soldiers helped evacuate 6,000 New
Orleans residents. By September 18, the 82nd Division medical personnel had treated 1,352 people and given 2,047 immunizations, according to unit documents. By September 19, 82nd Division military engineers had cleared 185 city blocks of debris, cleared 113 streets, and removed 218 trees, according to unit documents.
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1187:. On September 4, Mayor Nagin speculated that the death toll could rise as high as ten thousand after the clean-up was completed. Some survivors and evacuees reported seeing bodies lying in city streets and floating in still-flooded sections, especially in the east of the city. The advanced state of decomposition of many corpses, some of which were left in the water or sun for days before being collected, hindered efforts by coroners to identify many of the dead.
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100 were reported to have died in the
Superdome, with most deaths resulting from heat exhaustion, but other reported incidents included an accused rapist who was beaten to death by a crowd and an apparent suicide. The reports appear to have been exaggerated: the final official death toll in the Superdome came to six people inside (4 of natural causes, one overdose, and an apparent suicide) and a few more in the general area outside the stadium.
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were not yet out of gas had long lines. Nagin first called for a voluntary evacuation of the city at 5:00 p.m. on August 27 and subsequently ordered a citywide mandatory evacuation at 9:30 a.m. on August 28, the first such order in the city’s history. In a live news conference, Mayor Nagin predicted that “the storm surge most likely will topple our levee system”, and warned that oil production in the Gulf of Mexico would be shut down.
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1285:. In the aftermath, a tourist asked a police officer for assistance, and got the response, “Go to hell, it's every man for himself.” Also, one-third of New Orleans police officers deserted the city in the days before the storm, many of them escaping in their department-owned patrol cars. This added to the chaos by stretching law enforcement thin. Several NOPD officers were arrested weeks after Katrina for suspicion of vehicle theft.
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1620:, Texas. Houston agreed to shelter an additional 25,000 evacuees beyond those admitted to the Astrodome, including one “renegade bus” that was commandeered by private citizen Jabbar Gibson, who had been released on bond from the Orleans Parish Prison just days before the storm hit, and had a previous criminal conviction. By September 1, the Astrodome was declared full and could not accept any more evacuees. The
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methods of transporting goods, the economy of New
Orleans has been in a steady decline. As a result, New Orleans came to rely on three major industries for economic revenue: transportation, entertainment, and public services. However, after Katrina’s landfall, these sectors, including the overall economy, were reduced and heavily affected by the natural disaster.
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city. Eviction efforts escalated three days later when door-to-door searches were conducted to advise remaining residents to leave the city. Despite this, a number of residents defied the eviction order. While initially lax in enforcing evictions, National Guard troops eventually began to remove residents by force.
1764:, all related to the growing contamination of food and drinking water supplies in the city compounded by the city’s characteristic heat and stifling humidity. Survivors could also face long-term health risks due to prolonged exposure to the petrochemical tainted flood waters and mosquito-borne diseases such as
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About 175,000 Black residents departed New
Orleans over the year following the storm, while only 100,000 returned, pushing the African American population to 59 percent, from 66 percent previously. The biggest impact has been on Black middle-class people, given that most Black professionals are older
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terminus, enabling New
Orleans to profit from these ecological industries. Furthermore, by increasing the wetlands, it would help create a natural barrier that could aid New Orleans in future storms. It is estimated that if New Orleans was to restore 1,700 square miles (4,400 km) of wetland lost
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Among the many hospitals shut down by damage related to the hurricane was the public hospital serving New
Orleans, Charity Hospital, which was also the only trauma center serving that region. The destruction of the hospital’s structure has forced the continued closure as funding for a new building is
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arrived in New
Orleans September 3. The flooding was a challenge for the paratroopers when they first arrived. The division had just four boats at the time, however, the division quickly started getting Coast Guard, Navy and Marine assets placed under their control. Army Maj. Gen. William B. Caldwell
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Charity
Hospital had most of its windows blown out and suffered damage to lights and ceiling tiles as a result of the strong winds caused by Katrina. Later that day, floodwaters began to fill up the building, which caused the main generators to fail, so the hospital staff decided to evacuate everyone
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Some initial reports of crime and mass chaos, particularly in stories about the Superdome, were later found to be exaggerated or rumors. In the Superdome, for example, the New Orleans sex crimes unit investigated every report of rape or atrocity and found only two verifiable incidents, both of sexual
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reported that 2,500 evacuees were still at the Superdome. However, by evening, eleven hours after evacuation efforts began, the Superdome held 10,000 more people than it did at dawn. Evacuees from across the city swelled the crowd to about 30,000, believing the arena was the best place to get a ride
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of convention center employees at this time) addressed the crowd near dark, informing them that there was no food, water, medical care, or other services. By late on the evening of the 29th, the convention center had been broken into, and evacuees began occupying the inside of the convention center.
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was quoted as saying, “It was supposed to be a bus stop where they dropped people off for transportation. The problem was, the transportation never came.” By the afternoon of the 29th, the crowd had grown to about 1,000 people. The convention center’s president (who was there with a small group
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people under one roof, with no running water, no electricity and no information, stories get told.” Based on these reports, government officials expected hundreds of dead to be found in the Superdome, but instead found only six dead: four natural deaths, one drug overdose, and one suicide. In a case
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Civil disturbances in post-Hurricane Katrina were consistent with all existing research on disaster sociology, which concludes that “ widespread looting a myth”, and were vastly overstated by the media, ultimately fueling a climate of suspicion and paranoia which greatly hampered rescue efforts and
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There were reports of snipers taking potshots at rescue helicopters; these were false. Reports of gangs roving the city shooting police officers and survivors were also false, as only one policeman was shot in the aftermath of Katrina and no indictments were brought forward against the supposed gang
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The extensive flooding stranded many residents who were forced to stay in place long after Hurricane Katrina had passed. Those stranded survivors dotted the tops of houses citywide. Some were trapped inside attics and unable to escape. Many people chopped their way onto their roofs with hatchets and
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Although Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a mandatory evacuation of the city, many people refused to leave or were unable to do so. In Plaquemines Parish, an official described those staying behind as “gambling with their own lives.” Reasons were numerous, including a belief that their homes or the buildings
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predicting catastrophic damage to New Orleans and the surrounding region. Anticipated effects included, at the very least, the partial destruction of half of the well-constructed houses in the city, severe damage to most industrial buildings, rendering them inoperable, the “total destruction” of all
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Following Katrina, many said that the hurricane had a greater impact on Black and less economically privileged people than it had on predominantly white and wealthier people. “The city’s remarkable recovery has, to a troubling degree, left behind the African-Americans who still make up the majority
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In the first initial months following Katrina, the labor force reduced faster than the demand and unemployment rates skyrocketed. However, as of September 2006, the unemployment rates have never fallen below the national average, indicating improvement. In the second quarters of both 2005 and 2007,
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During Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish Prison housed a total of 7,100 inmates. There were inmates who were serving weekend time due to public intoxication all the way to convicted murderers. There were many inmates who just began their sentences when Katrina hit the city. After the hurricane made
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from several states were activated to aid the National Guard in sheltering the large number of refugees leaving Louisiana and assist in other disaster recovery operations. On September 30, the New Orleans Police Department confirmed that 12 police officers were participating in looting and property
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called for 8/29 Commission to investigate both the engineering and decision-making behind the collapse of a flood protection system that should have held against Katrina’s storm surge and the Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority-East, which oversees the region’s levees, backed the call in
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On Monday, August 29, 2005, the eye of Hurricane Katrina passed east of the city, subjecting it to hurricane wind conditions, but sparing New Orleans of the worst impact. The city seemed to have escaped most of the catastrophic wind damage and heavy rain that had been predicted. Most buildings held
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Many New Orleans residents took precautions to secure their homes and prepare for possible evacuation on Friday the 26th and Saturday the 27th. On August 27 the state of Louisiana was declared an emergency area by the Federal Government, and by mid-morning of that day, many local gas stations which
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were built on fill to bring them above the average lake level. Navigable commercial waterways extended from the lake into the interior of the city to promote waterborne commerce. After the construction of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal in 1940, the state closed these waterways causing the town’s
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Population density, lack of food and facilities, and structural damage led to increasingly squalid conditions for survivors. The situation inside the building was described as chaotic; reports of rampant drug use, fights, rapes, and filthy living conditions were widespread. At the time, as many as
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Law enforcement constructed the necessary offices of a police station in the general areas of the bus station, which included the offices of the District Attorney and the Justice Department. Camp Greyhound did have several issues with police records due to flooding, and prisoners who had committed
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After the hurricane, the labor force diminished and wages decreased by staggering amounts. In July 2005, 9,592 people applied for unemployment services and the payroll of metropolitan firms declined by 13.6% between July 2005 and July 2007, indicating an estimated loss of 70,000 jobs. The sectors
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also charged the paratroopers to straighten out the evacuation situations at the New Orleans Airport, the Convention Center and the Superdome. In all, 3,600 of the division’s paratroopers were deployed to New Orleans to participate in Task Force All-American. The unit worked in tandem with state,
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Some concern over the availability and readiness of the Louisiana National Guard to help stabilize the security situation was raised. Guardsman Lieutenant Colonel Pete had commented that “dozens of high water vehicles, humvees, refuelers, and generators were abroad.” At the time of the hurricane,
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In a June 2006 report on the disaster, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers admitted that faulty design specifications, incomplete sections, and substandard construction of levee segments, contributed to the damage done to New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina. A report released by the American Society of
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On August 29, 2005, the flood walls and levees catastrophically failed throughout the metro area. Many collapsed well below design thresholds (e.g., 17th Street and London Canals). Others (like the Industrial Canal) collapsed after a brief period of overtopping caused “scouring” or erosion of the
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Before Katrina’s landfall in 2005, the economy of New Orleans relied heavily on its usefulness and income derived from being a port city. The population grew and the economy peaked in the late 19th century. However, in the recent years, after rapid industrialization and the development of faster
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Hospital indicated that people were dying of dehydration and exhaustion while the staff worked constantly in horrendous conditions. The first floor of the hospital flooded and the dead were stacked in a second floor operating room. Patients requiring ventilators were kept alive with hand-powered
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On September 6, Mayor Ray Nagin ordered a forced evacuation of everyone from the city who was not involved in clean up work, citing safety and health concerns. The order was given not only as an attempt to restore law and order but also out of concern about the hazardous living conditions in the
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A contingent of 250 National Guard engineering units occupied one part of the convention center beginning August 30 and remained there until September 1, at times barricaded in their location. The units were never given orders to control the crowd, and were not expected to be prepared for such a
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breached in two places, on the upper side just back from Robert E. Lee Boulevard, and on the lower side a block in from the Mirabeau Avenue Bridge. Flooding from the breaches put the majority of the city under water for days, and in many places for weeks. Many roads and buildings were damaged by
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sustained significant damage as well. It had most of its windows blown out and suffered ceiling tile and light fixture damage from the strong winds caused by Katrina. Later that day, rising floodwaters began to fill up the building, which caused the main generators to fail, so the hospital staff
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reported New Orleans was experiencing widespread flooding due to breaches of several Army Corps-built levees, was without power, and experienced several instances of catastrophic damage in residential and business areas. Entire neighborhoods on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain were flooded.
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The influence of Black people in the city receded politically, too: in 2010 New Orleans elected its first white mayor in 32 years, a white majority (5–2) took control of the City Council, which had previously been Black, and a white police chief and district attorney were elected. Lance Hill of
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On September 3, some 42,000 evacuees were evacuated from New Orleans, including those remaining in the Superdome and Convention Center. Efforts turned to the hundreds of people still trapped in area hotels, hospitals, schools and private homes. During the evacuation, one person was killed and 7
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It was also predicted that the standing water caused by the storm surge would render most of the city uninhabitable for weeks and that the destruction of oil and petrochemical refineries in the surrounding area would spill waste into the floodwaters. The resulting mess would coat every surface,
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Prior to Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans’ law enforcement was in disarray. It was inundated with corruption from higher-up officials and had underpaid officers manning the streets. This enforcement lacked the trust of its citizens and failed to keep police brutality rates low. The city’s lack of
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Between 80 and 90 percent of the residents of New Orleans were evacuated before the hurricane struck, testifying to some of the success of the evacuation measures. Despite this, not enough attention was paid to those without a car, credit cards, road experience or family living out of town. The
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By September 1, the facility, like the Superdome, was completely overwhelmed and declared unsafe and unsanitary. However, even though there were thousands of people who were evacuating at the center, along with network newscasters, pleading desperately for help on CNN, FOX, and other broadcast
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had been blown out, and many other high rise buildings nearby also had extensive window damage. The Hyatt was the most severely damaged hotel in the city, with beds reported to be flying out of the windows. Insulation tubes were exposed as the hotel’s glass exterior was completely sheared off.
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center was set up at the airport. A steady stream of helicopters and ambulances brought in the elderly, sick, and injured. Baggage equipment was used as gurneys to transport people from the flight line to the hospital, which was set up in the airport terminal. The scene could be described as,
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was closed before the storm but reported no flooding in airplane movement areas or inside of the terminal itself. By August 30, it was reopened to humanitarian and rescue operations. Commercial cargo flights resumed on September 10, and commercial passenger service resumed on September 13.
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wood-framed low-rise apartment buildings, all windows blowing out in high-rise office buildings, and the creation of a huge debris field of trees, telephone poles, cars, and collapsed buildings. Lack of clean water was predicted to “make human suffering incredible by modern standards.”
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was the only local station to remain on the air during and after the storm, broadcasting from Baton Rouge. Broadcasting and publishing on the Internet became an important means of distributing information to evacuees and the rest of the world, with news networks citing blogs like
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By the time Hurricane Katrina came ashore early the next morning, Mayor Nagin estimated that approximately one million people had fled the city and its surrounding suburbs. By the evening of August 28, over 100,000 people remained in the city, with 20,000 taking shelter at the
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When authorized, the flood control design and construction were projected to take 13 years to complete. When Katrina made landfall in 2005, the project was between 60 and 90% complete with a projected date of completion estimated for 2015, nearly 50 years after authorization.
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A sizable contingent of National Guard arrived on September 2 to establish order and provide essential provisions, and on September 3, buses began arriving at the convention center to pick up the refugees there. The Convention Center was completely evacuated by September 4.
442:. The failures of levees and flood walls during Katrina are considered by experts to be the worst engineering disaster in the history of the United States. By August 31, 2005, 80% of New Orleans was flooded, with some parts under 15 feet (4.6 m) of water. The famous
762:, telling him that some levees in the greater New Orleans area could be overtopped. Later, Mr. Mayfield would tell Brian Williams with NBC Nightly News that he went to bed that night believing he had done what he could. On Sunday, he made a video call to U.S. President
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Although the Superdome suffered damage by water and wind to the overall interior and exterior structures, as well as interior damage from human waste and trash, the facility was repaired at a cost of US$ 185 million and was ready for games by the autumn of 2006.
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breached in over fifty locations. Additionally, the levees were built on soil that vary in compression and consolidation rates. Therefore, it is difficult to systematically predict subsidence of the ground under the levees. Storm surge breached the levees of the
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system which experts agree should have protected the city’s inhabitants from Katrina’s surge. Katrina has also stimulated significant research in the academic community into urban planning, real estate finance, and economic issues in the wake of a catastrophe.
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was a temporary prison that housed more than 200 suspected looters in New Orleans until they could be transferred to other institutions. With room for 700 prisoners, the facility was guarded by officers from one of the United States’ toughest prisons, the
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in which they planned to stay offered sufficient protection, lack of financial resources or access to transportation, or a feeling of obligation to protect their property. These reasons were complicated by the fact that an evacuation the previous year for
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before 2005, the natural capital would be worth an estimated $ 6 billion/year, or $ 200 billion at the present value. While New Orleans has made numerous efforts in rebuilding their economy, and has been successful with tourist-attracting events such as
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On August 31, as flood waters continued to rise, Governor Blanco ordered that all of New Orleans, including the Superdome, be evacuated. Governor Blanco sent 68 school buses to transport the evacuating people. FEMA announced that, in conjunction with
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Many reported instances of “looting” were in fact stranded survivors scavenging necessary supplies such as food, water, clothing, and shelter. Some instances of looting were later found out to have been carried out by a small number of NOPD officers.
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argued that the depletion of personnel and equipment did not impact the ability of the Guard to perform its mission—rather, impassable roads and flooded areas were the major factors impeding the Guardsmen from securing the situation in New Orleans.
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By 11:00 p.m. August 29, Mayor Nagin described the loss of life as “significant” with reports of bodies floating on the water throughout the city, primarily in the eastern portions. Some hotels and hospitals reported diesel fuel shortages. The
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On August 29, as people were being turned away at the Superdome and rescues continued, rescuers began dropping people off at the Convention Center, which, at 8 feet (2 m) above sea level, easily escaped the flood. Captain M.A. Pfeiffer of the
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Expected to last only two days, the evacuation of remaining evacuees proved more difficult than rescue organizations anticipated as transportation convoys struggled with damaged infrastructure and a growing number of evacuees. On September 3, the
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of the Louisiana National Guard said that the number of people taking shelter in the Superdome had risen to around 15,000 to 20,000 as search and rescue teams brought more people to the Superdome from areas hard-hit by the flooding.
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IV, the 82nd’s commanding general, noted: “We eventually became the 82nd ‘Waterborne’ Division,” the general said, “and that really was our forte” during search-and-rescue and security missions in flooded sections of the city.
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Coordination of rescue efforts in the aftermath of Katrina was difficult because of the disruption of the communications infrastructure. Cellular service and the Internet were inoperable because of line damages, destruction of
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had resulted in gridlocked traffic for six to ten hours. The fact that Katrina occurred at the end of the month before pay checks were in the hands of many was also significant. A “refuge of last resort” was designated at the
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most affected were service-related industries, fluctuating with the population. The only sector to truly thrive after landfall was construction, which was in high demand to make needed repairs and rebuild destroyed homes.
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minor infractions were kept in the same areas as those with more serious allegations. The facility was run on backup generators and outdated fingerprinting methods were used, which added to the confusion of the facility.
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Before Hurricane Katrina, the murder rate in New Orleans was ten times higher than the U.S. average. After the situation in New Orleans was brought under control, criminal activity in New Orleans dropped significantly.
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against the levees and possibly into the city. It was also forecast that the storm surge in Lake Pontchartrain would reach 14–18 feet (4.3–5.5 m), with waves reaching 7 feet (2.1 m) above the storm surge.
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ordered a mandatory evacuation of all those remaining in New Orleans. Relief organizations scrambled to locate suitable areas for relocating evacuees on a large scale. Many people in the Superdome were bussed to
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Preliminary reports indicate that the official death toll, according to the Louisiana Department of Health, was 1,464 people. The first deaths were reported shortly before midnight on August 28, 2005, as three
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By September 1, 6,500 National Guard troops had arrived in New Orleans, and on September 2 Blanco requested a total of 40,000 for assistance in evacuation and security efforts in Louisiana. In addition, the
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declaring that “New Orleans is a disaster waiting to happen” in October 2001. However, even the most insistent calls from officials to evacuate ahead of Katrina did not warn that the levees could breach.
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The eye of Hurricane Katrina was forecast to pass through the city of New Orleans. In that event, the wind was predicted to come from the north as the storm passed, forcing large volumes of water from
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helicopters to Baton Rouge. The remaining persons were evacuated the next day at about 3 pm. Eight people had died. Reports stated that some people were so desperate for food and water that they used
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Costanza, Robert, et al., “A New Vision for New Orleans and the Mississippi Delta: Applying Ecological Economics and Ecological Engineering,” ‘Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment’ 4 (2006): 470
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758:, did something he had done only once before. He called the governors of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi to warn them of the severity of the coming storm. He issued a special warning to Mayor
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868:(Meals ready to eat) and bottled water were available at the Superdome, Nagin told survivors to bring blankets and enough food for several days, warning that it would not be a comfortable place.
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848:. Beginning at noon on August 28 and running for several hours, city buses were redeployed to shuttle local residents from 12 pickup points throughout the city to the “shelters of last resort.”
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parishes lie at or above sea level, with the highest neighborhoods at 10–12 feet (3.0–3.7 m) above mean sea level. Forty nine percent lies below sea level, in places to equivalent depths.
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on August 29, 2005, winds downtown were in the Category 1 range with frequent intense gusts. The storm surge caused approximately 23 breaches in the drainage canal and navigational canal
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provided tactical and emergency communications and handled health-and-welfare enquiries. By September 4, a temporary communications hub was set up at the Hyatt Hotel in downtown New Orleans.
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Lauren Barsky, Joseph Trainor, Manuel Torres, “Disaster Realities in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina:Revisiting the Looting Myth”, Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, 2006
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bridge over the Mississippi River were turned back at gunpoint by City of Gretna Police, along with Crescent City Connection Police and Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s deputies, who set up a
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The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was characterized by extensive reporting of looting, violence, murder and rape. While some criminal acts did occur, such as the emptying of an entire
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2037:"Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives: Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project"
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decided to evacuate everyone to the auditorium. Conditions in the auditorium began to deteriorate, so on September 1, the first 100 medically ill patients were taken by helicopter to
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was used to house and support some of those who were unable to evacuate. Television shots frequently focused on the Superdome as a symbol of the flooding occurring in New Orleans.
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to the auditorium. Conditions in the auditorium began to deteriorate, so everyone was evacuated to the roof. On September 1, the first 100 medically ill patients were taken on
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to further aid New Orleans’s economy. One such proposal is to avoid rebuilding on flooded lands, instead restoring acres of wetlands to profit from the economic wealth. The
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The Superdome sustained significant damage, including two sections of the waterproof membrane on the roof that were peeled off by the wind. On August 30, Louisiana Governor
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sledge hammers, which Mayor Nagin had urged residents to store in their attics in case of such events. Clean water was unavailable, and power outages lasted for weeks.
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Later studies determined that most of New Orleans’ Katrina deaths were elderly persons living near levee breaches in the Lower Ninth Ward and Lakeview neighborhoods.
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converting the city into a toxic marsh until water could be drained. Some experts said that it could take six months or longer to pump all the water out of the city.
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All local television stations were disrupted. Local television stations and newspapers moved quickly to sister locations in nearby cities. New Orleans CBS-affiliate
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Kotey, Phyllis (2009). "Judging under Disaster: The Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Criminal Justice System". In Levitt, Jeremy I.; Whitaker, Matthew C. (eds.).
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the firms’ wages were increased by 21%, twice more than national increases, indicating even further improvement, although the gains were varied across the sectors.
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1210:. Body collection throughout the city began on approximately September 9. Prior to that date, the locations of corpses were recorded, but most were not retrieved.
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suffered a loss of water access and electricity, and one of its convention halls had a large hole in its ceiling. The center was otherwise only lightly damaged.
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John A. Kilpatrick and Sofia Dermisi, “The Aftermath of Katrina: Recommendations for Real Estate Research”, ‘’Journal of Real Estate Literature’’, Spring, 2007.
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864:, because it was estimated to be able to withstand winds of up to 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) and water levels of 35 feet (11 m). While supplies of
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was sentenced to 10 years in prison for shooting three black men who were trying to flee the area in the aftermath of Katrina. He died shortly after.
5197:"Racial Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Vulnerability Following Hurricane Katrina Among a Sample of Adult Ever Smokers from New Orleans"
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Alexander, Adam C.; Ali, Jeanelle; McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E.; Forde, David R.; Stockton, Michelle; Read, Mary; Ward, Kenneth D. (February 2017).
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In response to the increase in criminal activity in New Orleans, makeshift prisons were constructed to house prisoners for short periods of time.
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Tulane University said: “The perception among most African-Americans is that they are living politically as a defeated group in their own city.”
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There was a concern that the prolonged flooding would lead to an outbreak of health problems for those who remained in the city. In addition to
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A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina
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suffered severe damage; 473 spans were separated from their supports and 64 spans dropped into the lake. The 24-mile (39 km) long
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of the entire United States. It has prompted a Congressional review of the Army Corps of Engineers and the failure of portions of the
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1911:. These newcomers have had the effect of driving up housing prices, making rent less affordable for the majority of Black residents.
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Civil Engineers in June 2007 concluded that two-thirds of the flooding in the city could have been avoided if the levees had held.
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failed in several places because they were built with sand and erodible materials instead of clay, an obvious construction flaw.
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ordered the complete evacuation of the remaining people that sought shelter in the Superdome. They were then transported to the
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both claimed that they had no knowledge of the usage of the Convention Center as a shelter until the afternoon of September 1.
1238:, many reports were also exaggerated, inflated, or simply fabricated. Several news organizations went on to issue retractions.
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3858:"Joint Task Force California Press Accounts of the California State Military Forces' Response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita"
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1365:. With total personnel strength of 11,000, this meant that 27% of the Louisiana National Guard was abroad. However, both the
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Most of the city’s major roads were damaged. The only route out of the city was east to the West Bank of New Orleans on the
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4928:"Moving Hospitalized Children All Over the Southeast: Interstate Transfer of Pediatric Patients During Hurricane Katrina"
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1636:, Texas also agreed to house 25,000 refugees, initiating relocation efforts in vacant office buildings on the grounds of
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Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 135–138.
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5016:"Escape from New Orleans: A pediatrician's diary - Stanford Medicine Magazine - Stanford University School of Medicine"
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https://www.axios.com/local/new-orleans/2024/08/29/six-flags-theme-park-abandoned-katrina-demolition-starting-september
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1648:, Texas was also mobilized to house incoming evacuees, and smaller shelters were established in towns across Texas and
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Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 149.
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Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 148.
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Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspectives’ 22 (2008): 141.
1307:(late August 2005), displaced and dehydrated survivors who attempted to escape from New Orleans by walking over the
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5374:"Hurricane Katrina: The Catastrophe that Uncovered America's Race and Class Issues" from Tulane University Graduate
5362:
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Vigdor, Jacob, “The Economic Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina,” ‘The Journal of Economic Perspective’ 22 (2008): 149.
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Jim Dwyer and Christopher Drew, “After Katrina, crimes of the imagination”, The New York Times, September 29, 2009
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1784:“organized chaos”, but efficient. By September 3, the situation started to stabilize. Up to 5,000 people had been
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There were six deaths confirmed at the Superdome. Four of these were from natural causes, one was the result of a
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1881:, the natural capital provided could further assist the city in returning to its pre-Katrina wealth and economy.
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of reported sniper fire, the “sniper” turned out to be the relief valve of a gas tank popping every few minutes.
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The first television pictures out of New Orleans shown on national TV were from Houston’s ABC owned and operated
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Evacuation efforts were hastened on September 2 by the wider dispersal of evacuees among newly opened shelters.
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Hurricane Katrina made its second and third landfalls in the Gulf Coast region on Monday, August 29, 2005, as a
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2368:. Vol. 10, no. 3. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association Division for Legal Services. p. 31
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5398:‘’’, critical 26min. video compilation of cable news coverage as Katrina makes landfall – by Cultural Farming.
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On August 29, at about 7:30 a.m. CDT, it was reported that most of the windows on the north side of the
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nearby were all opened to house additional evacuees. By September 2, the Reliant Center had 3,000 evacuees.
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1206:. At the Convention Center, four bodies were recovered. One of these four is believed to be the result of a
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4683:"Summaries of 400 Testimonials From Inmates Incarcerated at Orleans Parish Prison During Hurricane Katrina"
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A U.S. Coast Guard aircrew searches for survivors in New Orleans during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
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was breached on the lower (New Orleans West End) side inland from the Old Hammond Highway Bridge, and the
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was reopened to allow flights related to relief efforts, and began to load evacuees onto planes as well.
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on the West Bank of the Mississippi River received considerable press coverage when, in the aftermath of
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Hospital evacuations continued from other area hospitals that were flooded or damaged. Reports from the
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Satellite photos of New Orleans taken in March 2004, then on August 31, 2005, after the levee failures.
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in September 1998 galvanized some scientists, engineers and politicians into collective planning, with
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flood wall. These breaches caused the majority of the flooding, according to a June 2007 report by the
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large number of educated white arrivals, contributing to a high rate of business formation in the city
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in October 2005. Residents were allowed in to examine and salvage from their property during daylight.
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1975:
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of up to 8 feet (2.4 m) in some areas due to the consolidation of the underlying organic soils.
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which, among other issues, gave authority for design and construction of the flood protection in the
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brought concerns regarding flooding from hurricanes to the forefront. That year, Congress passed the
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Flooded I-10/I-610 interchange and surrounding area of northwest New Orleans and Metairie, Louisiana
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assault. The department head told reporters, “I think it was an urban myth. Any time you put 25,000
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3252:"Preliminary Summary Report of Hurricane Katrina Deceased Victim Recovery Locations in Louisiana"
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and more advanced in their careers, and the majority of the affluent and middle class are white.
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3434:"We Went into the Mall and Began 'Looting'":A Letter on Race, Class, and Surviving the Hurricane
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Many neighboring areas and parishes also called for evacuations. By mid-afternoon, officials in
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3069:"Performance Evaluation of the New Orleans and Southeast Louisiana Hurricane Protection System"
1708:. Opelousas Police lieutenant Dwain Grimmett said the bus driver lost control on dry pavement.
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A fire raging in a downtown business at 329 Tchoupitoulas Street on the morning of September 2.
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466:. The flood disaster halted oil production and refining which increased oil prices worldwide.
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U.S. Army Infantry on patrol in New Orleans in an area previously underwater, September 2005.
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MISSISSIPPI BURNING: Pollution hell as fires, explosions and oil spills follow the hurricane
3602:"Man dies days after being sentenced for racist, post-Hurricane Katrina shooting in Algiers"
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5417:. The Long War Occasional Paper. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press.
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escaped flooding because those areas are above sea level. The major breaches included the
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2213:"Above Sea Level New Orleans: The Residential Capacity of Orleans Parish's Higher Ground"
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2359:"One Year Later: Right to Counsel Still Elusive for Indigent Defendants in New Orleans"
2014:
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After Hurricane Katrina, many African-Americans suffered from mental illnesses—such as
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1459:, the 25,000 people at the Superdome would be relocated across state lines to the
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4985:"Children's Hospital Faces Hurricane Katrina: Five Years After the Storm - RACmonitor"
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2246:"Army Corps of Engineers Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project"
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and found that 51% of the terrestrial surface of the contiguous urbanized portions of
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434:, responsibility for the design and construction of the city’s levees belongs to the
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provides the United States with one of the largest fisheries and the most important
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On August 31, a public health emergency was declared for the entire Gulf Coast, and
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troops. The Superdome had been used as a shelter in the past, such as during 1998’s
5317:
4926:
Baldwin, Steve; Robinson, Andria; Barlow, Pam; Fargason, Crayton A. (May 1, 2006).
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Displaced people bringing their belongings and lining up to get into the Superdome.
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1180:
502:
5404:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
4762:
3576:"New Orleans Man Gets 10 Years In Prison For Race-Motivated Post-Katrina Shooting"
3043:
913:
began setting up temporary morgues in select locations to accommodate the bodies.
4714:
Men's Career Development and Marriage Timing During a Period of Rising Inequality
3893:
2323:
5385:
Four Years After Katrina, New Orleans Still Struggling to Recover from the Storm
3550:"White Man Sentenced to 10 Years for Shooting Black Men After Hurricane Katrina"
2599:"Leaving New Orleans: Social Stratification, Networks, and Hurricane Evacuation"
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also opened various shelters and state parks throughout the state for evacuees.
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others injured when the bus in which they were heading to Texas overturned on
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Additional acts of unrest occurred following the storm, particularly with the
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An aerial view of the flooding in part of the Central Business District. The
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organization caused the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) and its prison,
18:
Civil disturbances and military action in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina
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Chicago Tribune article on Katrina's destructive impact on jazz memorabilia
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3520:"Four years on, Katrina remains cursed by rumour, cliche, lies and racism"
2218:. Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities.
1907:
These setbacks to the Black population in New Orleans corresponded with a
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committee hearings in November 2005. In 2006, the group Levees.org led by
4786:"Book Review: Disease and Democracy: The Industrialised World Faces AIDS"
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4213:
4176:"Camp Greyhound — New Orleans bus station serving as make-shift [
4175:
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3318:
3313:
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1653:
1649:
1637:
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1207:
363:
4542:"CNN.com - Patients finally rescued from Charity Hospital - Sep 3, 2005"
3943:"Katrina's Forgotten Responders: State Defense Forces Play a Vital Role"
2288:"Insistent Appeals to Evacuate Did Not Warn That the Levees Could Break"
969:
is at the center where many people stayed through the course of Katrina.
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4022:
1769:
1753:
1617:
1563: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1203:
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documentary spotlighting firearm seizures following Hurricane Katrina.
5151:"Why New Orleans's Black Residents Are Still Underwater After Katrina"
3132:"The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why"
2136:"The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why"
1041:. The remaining persons were evacuated at about 3:00 pm the next day.
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which flew its helicopter to New Orleans in the days after the storm.
2328:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 122–125.
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2001:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works controversies (New Orleans)
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sent helicopters, fixed wing aircraft, ambulances, and personnel to
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However, the city’s levee and flood walls designed and built by the
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Web Archives.’’ September 11, 2005. Retrieved on November 24, 2006.
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Rescue teams evacuating residents from flooded areas on August 30.
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4870:"Katrina's Aftermath: Petroleum, Bacteria Are Primary Pollutants"
2978:"Amusement park reminder of Hurricane Katrina may soon come down"
1808:
Multiple children’s hospitals around the United States including
4571:
Lezon, Dale; Khanna, Roma; Horswell, Cindy (September 3, 2005).
4424:
3225:"Levee authority backs national '8/29 Commission' investigation"
2388:"Hurricane Katrina Preparations-Contra Flow Begins at 4 pm"
2103:"New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, and the Soul of the Profession"
1919:
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in order to help evacuate pediatric patients from the hospital.
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5249:
Mills, Mary Alice; Edmondson, Donald; Park, Crystal L. (2007).
477:
The disaster had major implications for a large segment of the
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NFL, at Saints' urging, kicks in $ 20 million for dome repairs
3067:
Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (June 1, 2006).
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1953:
Effects of Hurricane Katrina in the Southeastern United States
1532:
1391:
896:. Later that day, area affiliates of local television station
622:
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earthen levee walls. In eastern New Orleans, levees along the
5301:
Levees.Org (non-profit flood protection group in New Orleans)
5251:"Trauma and Stress Response Among Hurricane Katrina Evacuees"
3941:
Carafano, James Jay; Brinkerhoff, John R. (October 5, 2005).
2516:"Mandatory Evacuation Ordered for New Orleans as Storm Nears"
1091:(MR‑GO) in approximately 20 places and flooded all of
835:
parishes had called for voluntary or mandatory evacuations.”
2932:
2169:"Evacuation Planning and Engineering for Hurricane Katrina"
1599:, being helped by the US Air National Guard on September 3.
989:
escaped unscathed but was only carrying emergency traffic.
518:
New Orleans was settled on a natural high ground along the
3389:
Rosenblatt, Susannah; Rainey, James (September 27, 2005).
2514:
Hauserand, Christine; Lueck, Thomas J. (August 28, 2008).
3973:"Witnesses: New Orleans cops took Rolex watches, jewelry"
3653:"New Orleans' Thin Blue Line Stretched to Breaking Point"
1891:
Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina
1864:
There have been some suggestions concerning the usage of
5320: : New Orleans’ unique vulnerability to hurricanes.
5300:
2831:
Hurricane Katrina: Performance of Transportation Systems
1361:
approximately 3,000 members of the Guard were serving a
522:. Later developments that eventually extended to nearby
438:
and responsibility for their maintenance belongs to the
5381:, by Dorothy Moye, ‘’Southern Spaces’’, August 26, 2009
4466:"The Military moves in to aid Survivors, Restore Order"
4376:.’’ September 15, 2005. Retrieved on November 24, 2006.
3641:.’’ September 3, 2005. Retrieved on September 20, 2006.
3454:
Witnesses: New Orleans cops took Rolex watches, jewelry
5339:
Sexual Assault During and After Hurricane Katrina 2005
5120:"Katrina Washed Away New Orleans's Black Middle Class"
4414:
40 Rapes Reported in Hurricane Katrina, Rita Aftermath
3725:"Police in Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report"
1408:
Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana Superdome
1295:
Gretna, Louisiana § Hurricane Katrina controversy
5402:
Imagining New Orleans Oral History Project Collection
2860:"The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2006: The Times-Picayune"
2141:. American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from
1414:
Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Saints
3826:"After Katrina: 184 Infantry Soldiers to the Rescue"
3489:
3487:
3257:. LSU Hurricane Public Health Center. Archived from
3174:. American Geosciences Institute. February 8, 2006.
553:
A 1999–2001 study, led by Richard Campanella of the
4598:
Airborne Division Becomes Waterborne in New Orleans
4516:"Trapped hospital workers kept most patients alive"
4363:
It Was as if All of Us Were Already Pronounced Dead
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
2134:Christine A. Anderson; et al. (June 1, 2007).
1315:on the bridge in the days following the hurricane.
1130:, between Florida Avenue and Claiborne Avenue. The
653:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
138:
126:
118:
113:
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61:
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5411:Army Support During the Hurricane Katrina Disaster
5098:
5096:
4596:Gerry J. Gilmore, American Forces Press Service. “
4438:More Stories Emerge of Rapes in Post-Katrina Chaos
2629:City had evacuation plan but strayed from strategy
2431:Special Report: Vulnerable Cities: New Orleans, LA
2251:. Government Accountability Office. Archived from
2042:. Government Accountability Office. Archived from
1250:further worsened the conditions of the survivors.
1044:Because of the extensive damage Katrina caused to
41:Katrina after landfall in New Orleans on August 29
5329:Independent Levee Investigation Team Draft Report
4280:"Astrodome to become new home for storm refugees"
3314:"New Orleans begins collecting Katrina's victims"
2485:Nossiter, Adam; Dewan, Shaila (August 30, 2008).
1948:Disaster Recovery Personal Protection Act of 2006
1788:and fewer than 200 remained at the medical unit.
1733:Sick and injured people being evacuated aboard a
1012:Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
754:On Saturday night, Max Mayfield, director of the
4388:"It reminds me of Baghdad in the worst of times"
5201:Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
4611:House-to-house rescues under way in New Orleans
4088:"'Camp Greyhound' home to 220 looting suspects"
3102:"Army Corps Admits Flaws in New Orleans Levees"
2742:"Pre-Landfall Preparation and Katrina's Impact"
2325:Hurricane Katrina: America's Unnatural Disaster
1430:Damage to the Superdome as a result of Katrina.
942:for reports of what was happening in the city.
600:History of New Orleans’ law enforcement offices
5334:Orleans Parish Prison Before and After Katrina
4712:N., Oppenheimer, V.K. Kalmijn, M. Lim (1997).
3391:"Katrina Takes a Toll on Truth, News Accuracy"
1107:breaches in the city included breaches at the
1007:still flooded 2 weeks after the levee failures
5447:
5308:Photos taken of Hurricane Katrina's aftermath
4839:"Gauging the health crisis in Katrina's wake"
2070:"Levees' Weakness Well-Known Before Breaches"
1971:Memorial Medical Center and Hurricane Katrina
1748:, there was also potential for the spread of
662:"Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans"
395:
8:
5086:
5084:
4734:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4573:"Troops arrive; Superdome evacuation halted"
3918:Police and Owners Begin to Challenge Looters
3831:. The Spectrum, October 2005. Archived from
3779:""The Bridge to Gretna" story from CBS News
3495:Fear Exceeded Crime's Reality in New Orleans
3014:"New Study Maps Rate of New Orleans Sinking"
2953:New Orleans outlook bleak; 100 dead in Miss.
2487:"Mayor Orders the Evacuation of New Orleans"
2317:
2315:
2313:
29:
4145:"'Camp Greyhound' outpost of law and order"
4119:"'Camp Greyhound' outpost of law and order"
3998:"Witnesses: New Orleans cops among looters"
3894:Explosions Fill New Orleans Sky With Smoke.
3333:
3331:
3329:
2420:/New Orleans, Louisiana.’’ August 28, 2005.
1691:Task Force Katrina Commander Army Lt. Gen.
1151:Hurricane Protection Project of New Orleans
5454:
5440:
5432:
5047:
5045:
4064:What Happened to the Gangs of New Orleans?
3339:Reports of anarchy at Superdome overstated
2656:"New Orleans braces for monster hurricane"
1058:2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans
733:On August 28, at 10:00 a.m. CDT, the
402:
388:
171:
160:
35:
28:
5642:Environmental racism in the United States
5274:
5220:
4943:
4809:
3168:"Summary of Hearing on Hurricane Katrina"
2744:. A Failure of Initiative. pp. 73–74
1579:Learn how and when to remove this message
737:(NWS) field office in New Orleans issued
713:Learn how and when to remove this message
241:Effects in the Southeastern United States
5379:"The X-Codes: A Post-Katrina Postscript"
4901:"New Orleans left to the dead and dying"
4210:Governor: Evac Superdome, Rescue Centers
3199:"Group Wants 9-11-Style Panel on Levees"
2795:"Silverman, Steve. "Hurricane Heroics."
2718:. Associated Press. September 16, 2004.
2571:New Orleans braces for monster hurricane
5324:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Levee Maps
4784:Ruger, Jennifer P. (October 22, 2005).
4514:Freemantle, Tony (September 18, 2005).
4464:Kleinfield, N. R. (September 3, 2005).
3370:from the original on September 24, 2017
3364:"NOPD Looting a Wal-Mart After Katrina"
3290:. Associated Press. September 5, 2005.
3284:"New Orleans Mayor: 10,000 Feared Dead"
2922:New Orleans Airport To Reopen This Week
2027:
334:
318:
297:
212:
186:
163:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
4849:from the original on November 14, 2006
4727:
3953:from the original on December 25, 2014
3808:"Katrina aftermath still roils Gretna"
3530:from the original on September 7, 2013
2809:from the original on November 23, 2011
2692:from the original on February 13, 2007
2183:from the original on November 14, 2011
2115:from the original on November 21, 2015
2082:from the original on February 14, 2016
1388:Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola
1277:disabled by the flooding from Katrina.
1183:patients died during an evacuation to
5313:Video, aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
4899:Breed, Allen G. (September 4, 2005).
4693:from the original on January 25, 2019
4659:Troops Escalate Urgency of Evacuation
4566:
4564:
4562:
4459:
4457:
4155:from the original on October 21, 2013
3916:Barringer, Felicity; Longman, Jere. “
3865:California Military State Publication
2828:Reginald DesRoches, PhD, ed. (2006).
2286:Rosenthal, Sandy (October 11, 2011).
1670:Louis Armstrong International Airport
1194:Successful rescue of a pregnant woman
619:Hurricane preparedness in New Orleans
544:United States Army Corps of Engineers
436:United States Army Corps of Engineers
7:
5169:from the original on January 1, 2016
4983:Landry, Brian T. (August 30, 2010).
4868:Hogue, Cherly (September 19, 2005).
4386:Borger, Julian (September 3, 2005).
4361:Haygood, Wil and Tyson, Ann Scott. “
4143:Johnson, Kevin (September 8, 2014).
4117:Johnson, Kevin (September 8, 2005).
4047:Why did help take so long to arrive?
3223:Schleifstein, Mark (June 19, 2008).
2597:Fussell, Elizabeth (June 11, 2006).
2276:Fischetti, Mark (October 2001), p.70
1561:adding citations to reliable sources
651:adding citations to reliable sources
343:
4657:Dwyer, Timothy; Tyson, Ann Scott. “
4045:Berger, Julian; Campbell, Duncan. “
3518:Solnit, Rebecca (August 26, 2009).
3337:Thevenot, Brian; Russell, Gordon. “
3139:American Society of Civil Engineers
2712:"Louisiana Superdome Turns Shelter"
2609:from the original on August 8, 2007
2357:Vagenas, Georgia N. (Summer 2006).
2298:from the original on March 17, 2017
2068:McQuaid, John (September 2, 2005).
1089:Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal
464:American Society of Civil Engineers
5536:Southeastern United States effects
5130:from the original on April 1, 2016
4903:. Associated Press. Archived from
4880:from the original on July 24, 2008
4635:New Orleans will force evacuations
3423:‘’, Chapter V, Penguin Books, 2009
3401:from the original on July 12, 2012
3197:Burdeau, Cain (February 5, 2005).
3178:from the original on March 4, 2016
3081:from the original on March 6, 2016
3044:Fixing New Orleans' thin gray line
3024:from the original on July 17, 2017
2466:from the original on April 6, 2007
2225:from the original on March 4, 2016
2101:Seed, Raymond (October 30, 2007).
2035:Mittal, Anu (September 28, 2005).
1477:Ernest N. Morial Convention Center
1475:Because of Hurricane Katrina, the
1394:, but excluded a mattress or cot.
795:while used as housing for victims.
770:about the intensity of the storm.
530:In 1965, heavy flooding caused by
527:water table to lower drastically.
25:
5255:American Journal of Public Health
4837:Vince, Gaia (September 6, 2005).
4818:from the original on May 20, 2006
4491:The big disconnect on New Orleans
4343:.” ‘’KCEN-TV.’’ January 31, 2006.
4278:Frank, Thomas (August 31, 2005).
4231:Britons describe hurricane ordeal
4174:Abrams, Dan (September 8, 2005).
3806:Howard Witt (September 4, 2008).
3294:from the original on May 16, 2008
3112:from the original on May 20, 2015
2976:Santana, Rebecca (July 5, 2019).
2722:from the original on May 30, 2007
2682:"'Desperate SOS' for New Orleans"
2662:from the original on May 17, 2008
2456:"Big relief effort meets Katrina"
2394:. August 27, 2005. Archived from
1896:of its population,” according to
1622:George R. Brown Convention Center
5522:
5504:Criticism of government response
5149:Rivlin, Gary (August 18, 2015).
4749:"Looking Back, Moving Forward".
4290:from the original on May 8, 2008
4190:from the original on May 8, 2014
4098:from the original on May 8, 2014
3651:Litke, Jim (September 4, 2005).
3493:Dwyer, Jim; Drew, Christopher. “
3074:. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
2454:Axtman, Kris (August 30, 2005).
1932:
1537:
1500:and Homeland Security Secretary
1262:In February 2019, a resident of
1153:was the subject of at least two
627:
491:federally built flood protection
368:
354:
342:
231:Criticism of government response
4479:– via The New York Times.
3867:. December 2005. Archived from
3362:Mike Murphy (August 20, 2009).
3100:Schwartz, John (June 1, 2006).
2769:The Center for Public Integrity
2444:.’’ Accessed on April 30, 2006.
1958:Great Mississippi Flood of 1927
1548:needs additional citations for
638:needs additional citations for
4687:American Civil Liberties Union
4600:.”Retrieved on July 18, 2008.
4522:. Mike Tolson and Leigh Hopper
4310:Update on Superdome Evacuation
3141:. June 4, 2007. Archived from
2890:"Hurricane Damages Gulf Coast"
2763:Sanders, Tony (October 2006).
1826:Cook Children's Medical Center
1822:Le Bonheur Children's Hospital
181:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
153:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
4763:10.1111/puar.2007.67.issue-s1
4255:School buses used to evacuate
3698:. p. 241. Archived from
2460:The Christian Science Monitor
2392:St. Tammany Parish Government
1986:Reconstruction of New Orleans
1779:On September 2, an emergency
1471:New Orleans Convention Center
1434:Evacuees were brought to the
1283:New Orleans Police Department
1120:Inner Harbor Navigation Canal
957:Damage to buildings and roads
555:Tulane School of Architecture
540:New Orleans metropolitan area
5627:Effects of Hurricane Katrina
4751:Public Administration Review
4308:Anderson, Ed; Moller, Jan. “
4077:‘’ magazine.’’ May 22, 2006.
2900:The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
1830:Children's Mercy Kansas City
1810:Arkansas Children's Hospital
1329:United States National Guard
88:125 mph (205 km/h)
5318:NOVA scienceNOW: Hurricanes
4938:(Supplement 4): S416–S420.
4664:September 15, 2017, at the
4023:A Hurricane of Consequences
3783:program, December 18, 2005"
2834:. Reston, VA: ASCE, TCLEE.
2211:Richard Campanella (2007).
1640:, a former air force base.
987:Lake Pontchartrain Causeway
5658:
5408:Wombell, James A. (2009).
5363:National Rifle Association
4419:December 29, 2005, at the
4368:December 28, 2016, at the
3696:Government Printing Office
2938:November 21, 2001, at the
1888:
1455:, the National Guard, and
1411:
1405:
1319:Re-establishing governance
1292:
1118:, and the wide, navigable
1084:US Army Corps of Engineers
1055:
616:
594:Gulf Intracoastal Waterway
63:Category 3 major hurricane
5586:
5531:
5520:
5469:
5352:October 25, 2006, at the
5213:10.1007/s40615-015-0206-8
4874:American Chemical Society
4616:February 8, 2006, at the
4260:October 12, 2005, at the
3923:February 8, 2012, at the
3899:January 12, 2016, at the
3459:January 16, 2014, at the
3344:October 23, 2005, at the
2603:Understanding-Katrina.org
2549:October 21, 2005, at the
2524:. New York City, New York
2495:. New York City, New York
1814:Texas Children's Hospital
1519:Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk
1335:outside of the Superdome.
994:Hyatt Regency New Orleans
756:National Hurricane Center
536:Flood Control Act of 1965
432:Flood Control Act of 1965
148:
68:
34:
5489:New Orleans preparations
5267:10.2105/AJPH.2006.086678
4802:10.1136/bmj.331.7522.970
4339:August 24, 2007, at the
3421:A Paradise Built in Hell
3231:. New Orleans, Louisiana
3049:October 1, 2006, at the
2658:. CNN. August 29, 2005.
2418:National Weather Service
1940:Tropical cyclones portal
1662:Texas Air National Guard
1309:Crescent City Connection
975:Crescent City Connection
735:National Weather Service
613:Pre-Katrina preparations
130:$ 70 billion (2005
4945:10.1542/peds.2006-0099O
4443:March 14, 2018, at the
4236:March 27, 2008, at the
3633:April 27, 2009, at the
3508:.’’ September 29, 2005.
3500:March 22, 2015, at the
3352:.’’ September 26, 2005.
2634:March 14, 2007, at the
2436:April 27, 2006, at the
2167:Wolshon, Brian (2006).
981:traveling east towards
917:Communications failures
256:Memorial Medical Center
5596:International response
5573:Infrastructural repair
5479:Meteorological history
5261:(Suppl 1): S116–S123.
4672:.’’ September 9, 2005.
4648:.’’ September 7, 2005.
4640:June 15, 2006, at the
4624:.’’ September 5, 2005.
4504:.’’ September 2, 2005.
4496:March 9, 2006, at the
4451:.’’ December 21, 2005.
4427:.’’ December 23, 2005.
4315:November 12, 2005, at
4268:.’’ September 1, 2005.
4244:.’’ September 6, 2005.
4069:June 15, 2006, at the
4053:.’’ September 3, 2005.
4036:.’’ September 4, 2005.
3931:.’’ September 1, 2005.
3907:.’’ September 2, 2005.
3683:United States Congress
3439:June 17, 2013, at the
2958:June 27, 2009, at the
2866:. 2006. Archived from
2075:. The Times-Picayune.
1964:Hurricane on the Bayou
1737:
1688:
1677:82nd Airborne Division
1600:
1595:Hurricane evacuees in
1525:to receive nutrients.
1431:
1423:
1344:
1336:
1278:
1231:
1195:
1175:
1079:
1071:up well structurally.
1067:
1008:
970:
889:
796:
515:
440:Orleans Levee District
311:International response
281:Infrastructure repairs
246:Effects in New Orleans
200:Meteorological history
48:Meteorological history
5014:Gardner, Jay (2006).
4757:. December 12, 2007.
4449:National Public Radio
4094:. September 9, 2005.
4028:May 15, 2006, at the
3795:on December 20, 2005.
3685:(February 19, 2006).
3463:, September 25, 2005
3443:, September 5, 2005,
2688:. September 2, 2005.
2576:May 17, 2008, at the
2007:When the Levees Broke
1996:Six Flags New Orleans
1834:Tulane Medical Center
1818:Children's of Alabama
1732:
1716:Orleans Parish Prison
1686:
1594:
1440:Bennett C. Landreneau
1429:
1421:
1392:military issued meals
1350:Louisiana State Guard
1342:
1326:
1293:Further information:
1272:
1229:
1193:
1173:
1077:
1065:
1046:Six Flags New Orleans
1005:Six Flags New Orleans
1003:
979:I-10 Twin Span Bridge
964:
879:
778:Carnival Cruise Ships
776:
607:Orleans Parish Prison
510:of New Orleans after
505:
430:. As mandated in the
5637:2000s in New Orleans
5387:– video report by ‘’
4907:on December 31, 2006
4323:.’’ August 31, 2005.
4220:‘’. August 30, 2005.
4092:The Washington Times
3838:on December 26, 2013
3759:on November 25, 2005
3733:. September 10, 2005
3378:– via YouTube.
3322:. September 8, 2005.
3264:on November 14, 2014
3203:The Associated Press
3057:.’’ October 4, 2005.
2982:The Daily Advertiser
2966:.’’ August 30, 2005.
2870:on February 12, 2008
2765:"Belo Corp. Profile"
2398:on December 30, 2006
2258:on February 28, 2016
2148:on November 26, 2007
1976:New Orleans diaspora
1804:Pediatric evacuation
1796:resuscitation bags.
1735:C-17 Globemaster III
1557:improve this article
1363:tour of duty in Iraq
1354:state defense forces
1093:Saint Bernard Parish
894:Category 3 hurricane
647:improve this article
418:passed southeast of
351:at Wikimedia Commons
93:Lowest pressure
5551:New Orleans Hornets
5546:Louisiana Superdome
5126:. August 24, 2015.
4995:on November 1, 2020
4670:The Washington Post
4374:The Washington Post
3608:. February 27, 2019
3582:. February 14, 2019
3556:. February 14, 2019
2940:Library of Congress
2805:. January 4, 2009.
2442:The Weather Channel
2244:Anu Mittal (2005).
1981:Posse Comitatus Act
1597:Metairie, Louisiana
1523:intravenous therapy
1496:outlets, FEMA head
1149:The failure of the
1142:Hurricane Katrina.
1139:London Avenue Canal
1116:London Avenue Canal
1095:, the east bank of
854:Louisiana Superdome
846:Louisiana Superdome
793:Port of New Orleans
584:Scientific American
472:Louisiana Superdome
460:London Avenue Canal
261:New Orleans Hornets
143:Greater New Orleans
31:
5556:New Orleans Saints
5347:essay on the flood
5155:The New York Times
4989:www.racmonitor.com
3929:The New York Times
3874:on October 1, 2015
3694:. Washington, DC:
3655:. m/ officer.com (
3506:The New York Times
3419:Rebecca Solnit, ‘’
3250:Ezra Boyd (2006).
3229:The Times-Picayune
3106:The New York Times
2927:July 21, 2012, at
2645:September 8, 2005.
2521:The New York Times
2492:The New York Times
2292:huffingtonpost.com
2108:. Correspondence.
1991:Seabrook Floodgate
1885:Racial disparities
1738:
1689:
1601:
1529:Evacuation efforts
1432:
1424:
1345:
1337:
1289:Gretna controversy
1279:
1232:
1222:Civil disturbances
1196:
1176:
1097:Plaquemines Parish
1080:
1068:
1009:
971:
890:
880:Checkpoint in the
797:
727:Lake Pontchartrain
524:Lake Pontchartrain
516:
266:New Orleans Saints
85:Highest winds
70:1-minute sustained
5632:2005 in Louisiana
5614:
5613:
5561:Tulane University
5499:Political effects
5463:Hurricane Katrina
5424:978-0-9801236-9-2
4062:Ripley, Amanda. “
4021:Zunes, Stephen. “
3892:Breen, Allen G. “
3753:"March to Gretna"
3705:on March 26, 2009
3659:). Archived from
3432:Peter Berkowitz,
3395:Los Angeles Times
3042:Murphy, Verity. “
2902:. August 29, 2005
2848:on March 3, 2014.
2641:Houston Chronicle
2544:Katrina Takes Aim
1870:Mississippi Delta
1589:
1588:
1581:
1461:Houston Astrodome
1305:Hurricane Katrina
1132:17th Street Canal
1109:17th Street Canal
1099:and the historic
862:Hurricane Georges
856:, along with 300
723:
722:
715:
697:
579:Hurricane Georges
520:Mississippi River
452:17th Street Canal
416:Hurricane Katrina
414:As the center of
412:
411:
373:Works related to
349:Hurricane Katrina
347:Media related to
276:Tulane University
226:Political effects
165:Hurricane Katrina
159:
158:
30:Hurricane Katrina
16:(Redirected from
5649:
5526:
5494:Economic effects
5484:Tornado outbreak
5456:
5449:
5442:
5433:
5428:
5416:
5359:GiveThemBack.com
5289:
5288:
5278:
5246:
5235:
5234:
5224:
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5178:
5176:
5174:
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5139:
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5070:
5067:
5061:
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5049:
5040:
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5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4991:. Archived from
4980:
4974:
4973:
4947:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4896:
4890:
4889:
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4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4461:
4452:
4436:Burnett, John. “
4434:
4428:
4412:Gifford, Alec. “
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4383:
4377:
4359:
4344:
4330:
4324:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4275:
4269:
4251:
4245:
4227:
4221:
4218:Associated Press
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
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4107:
4105:
4103:
4084:
4078:
4060:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3947:www.heritage.org
3938:
3932:
3914:
3908:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3862:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3791:. Archived from
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3755:. Archived from
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3693:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3663:on June 26, 2008
3657:Associated Press
3648:
3642:
3639:The Daily Mirror
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
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3482:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3450:
3444:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3410:
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3406:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3359:
3353:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:on June 24, 2008
3147:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3097:
3091:
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3088:
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3073:
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3058:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3010:
3004:
2999:
2993:
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2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2949:
2943:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2844:. Archived from
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2799:. November 2005"
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2775:on July 16, 2007
2771:. Archived from
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2594:
2588:
2587:August 29, 2005,
2567:
2561:
2560:August 28, 2005.
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2451:
2445:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2408:
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2403:
2384:
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2363:
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2348:
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2267:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2235:
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2232:
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2224:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2032:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1675:Elements of the
1584:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1541:
1533:
1512:Charity Hospital
1502:Michael Chertoff
1275:Lincoln Town Car
1257:
1202:, and one was a
1128:Lower Ninth Ward
1124:Industrial Canal
1101:Lower Ninth Ward
1034:Charity Hospital
886:Industrial Canal
750:Evacuation order
718:
711:
707:
704:
698:
696:
655:
631:
623:
559:LIDAR technology
508:Lower Ninth Ward
506:Flooding in the
456:Industrial Canal
404:
397:
390:
372:
358:
346:
345:
221:Economic effects
205:Tornado outbreak
175:
161:
109:
64:
49:
39:
32:
21:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5591:Disaster relief
5582:
5527:
5518:
5509:USACE criticism
5465:
5460:
5425:
5414:
5407:
5354:Wayback Machine
5297:
5292:
5248:
5247:
5238:
5194:
5193:
5182:
5172:
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5148:
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5133:
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5124:FiveThirtyEight
5118:
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5101:
5094:
5089:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5043:
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5020:sm.stanford.edu
5013:
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5008:
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4706:
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4666:Wayback Machine
4656:
4652:
4642:Wayback Machine
4633:Staff Writer. “
4632:
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4618:Wayback Machine
4609:Staff Writer. “
4608:
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4498:Wayback Machine
4489:Staff Writer. “
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4445:Wayback Machine
4435:
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4421:Wayback Machine
4411:
4407:
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4370:Wayback Machine
4360:
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4341:Wayback Machine
4332:Staff Writer. “
4331:
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4276:
4272:
4262:Wayback Machine
4253:Anderson, Ed. “
4252:
4248:
4238:Wayback Machine
4229:Staff Writer. “
4228:
4224:
4208:Staff Writer. “
4207:
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3915:
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3891:
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3812:Chicago Tribune
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3502:Wayback Machine
3492:
3485:
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3476:
3471:
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3461:Wayback Machine
3451:
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3441:Wayback Machine
3431:
3427:
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3404:
3402:
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3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
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3346:Wayback Machine
3336:
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3115:
3113:
3099:
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3084:
3082:
3078:
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3051:Wayback Machine
3041:
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3027:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:Wayback Machine
2951:Rourke, Matt. “
2950:
2946:
2920:Staff Writer. “
2919:
2915:
2905:
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2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
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2710:
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2705:
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2675:
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2653:
2649:
2636:Wayback Machine
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2578:Wayback Machine
2569:Staff Writer. “
2568:
2564:
2551:Wayback Machine
2542:Nolan, Bruce. “
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:Wayback Machine
2429:Galle, Julie. “
2428:
2424:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2386:
2385:
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2369:
2361:
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2321:
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2275:
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2261:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2243:
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2238:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2049:on May 23, 2011
2046:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2025:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1898:FiveThirtyEight
1893:
1887:
1866:natural capital
1850:
1806:
1774:West Nile fever
1727:
1718:
1609:Kathleen Blanco
1585:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1554:
1542:
1531:
1514:
1473:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1331:humvee patrols
1321:
1297:
1291:
1255:
1224:
1219:
1168:
1159:Sandy Rosenthal
1060:
1054:
1020:Kathleen Blanco
959:
919:
874:
768:Crawford, Texas
766:at his farm in
752:
719:
708:
702:
699:
656:
654:
644:
632:
621:
615:
602:
532:Hurricane Betsy
512:Hurricane Betsy
500:
458:levee, and the
448:Garden District
408:
375:Katrina sources
360:Katrina stories
306:Disaster relief
149:
114:Overall effects
96:
62:
57:August 29, 2005
47:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5655:
5653:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5601:Media coverage
5598:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5578:Reconstruction
5575:
5570:
5568:Levee failures
5565:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5514:Social effects
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5423:
5405:
5399:
5392:
5389:Democracy Now!
5382:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5356:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5295:External links
5293:
5291:
5290:
5236:
5180:
5141:
5104:
5102:DETAILS OF REF
5092:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5041:
5032:
5006:
4975:
4918:
4891:
4860:
4829:
4776:
4741:
4704:
4674:
4650:
4626:
4602:
4589:
4558:
4533:
4506:
4482:
4453:
4429:
4405:
4378:
4345:
4325:
4321:Times-Picayune
4301:
4270:
4266:Times-Picayune
4246:
4222:
4201:
4166:
4135:
4109:
4079:
4055:
4038:
4014:
3989:
3964:
3933:
3909:
3885:
3849:
3817:
3798:
3770:
3744:
3730:New York Times
3716:
3674:
3643:
3626:Parry, Ryan. “
3619:
3593:
3567:
3554:New York Times
3541:
3510:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3445:
3425:
3412:
3381:
3354:
3325:
3305:
3275:
3242:
3215:
3189:
3172:www.agiweb.org
3159:
3123:
3092:
3059:
3035:
3005:
2994:
2968:
2944:
2913:
2881:
2864:Pulitzer Board
2851:
2840:
2820:
2786:
2755:
2733:
2703:
2673:
2647:
2627:Olsen, Lise. “
2620:
2589:
2562:
2556:Times-Picayune
2535:
2506:
2477:
2446:
2422:
2409:
2379:
2349:
2334:
2309:
2278:
2269:
2236:
2203:
2194:
2159:
2126:
2093:
2060:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1924:
1886:
1883:
1849:
1846:
1805:
1802:
1746:food poisoning
1726:
1725:Health effects
1723:
1717:
1714:
1626:Reliant Center
1587:
1586:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1513:
1510:
1472:
1469:
1406:Main article:
1403:
1400:
1383:Camp Greyhound
1333:Poydras Street
1320:
1317:
1290:
1287:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1167:
1164:
1056:Main article:
1053:
1052:Levee failures
1050:
958:
955:
918:
915:
911:National Guard
873:
872:Direct effects
870:
858:National Guard
841:Hurricane Ivan
791:docked at the
764:George W. Bush
751:
748:
721:
720:
635:
633:
626:
617:Main article:
614:
611:
601:
598:
499:
496:
444:French Quarter
410:
409:
407:
406:
399:
392:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
366:
352:
337:
336:
335:External links
332:
331:
330:
329:
327:Media coverage
321:
320:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:
300:
299:
295:
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
288:
286:Reconstruction
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
251:Levee failures
238:
236:Social effects
233:
228:
223:
215:
214:
210:
209:
208:
207:
202:
197:
189:
188:
184:
183:
177:
176:
168:
167:
157:
156:
146:
145:
140:
139:Areas affected
136:
135:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
105:); 27.17
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
66:
65:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5654:
5643:
5640:
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5607:
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5599:
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5579:
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5457:
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5438:
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5426:
5420:
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5412:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5396:News Coverage
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Village Voice
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
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5252:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5207:(1): 94–103.
5206:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
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5057:
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5010:
5007:
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4979:
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4959:
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4919:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4892:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4861:
4848:
4844:
4843:New Scientist
4840:
4833:
4830:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4796:(7522): 970.
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
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4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
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4737:
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4630:
4627:
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4599:
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4578:
4574:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4547:
4543:
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4510:
4507:
4503:
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4450:
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4430:
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4375:
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4364:
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4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
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1762:typhoid fever
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1706:Opelousas, LA
1703:
1702:Interstate 49
1697:
1694:
1693:Russel Honoré
1685:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1665:out of town.
1663:
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1642:Reunion Arena
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1630:Reliant Arena
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1569:November 2020
1562:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1546:This section
1544:
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1534:
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1526:
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1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:Michael Brown
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1458:
1457:Houston Metro
1454:
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1402:The Superdome
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1264:Algiers Point
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1200:drug overdose
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944:Amateur radio
941:
937:
932:
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925:
924:base stations
916:
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667:
664: –
663:
659:
658:Find sources:
652:
648:
642:
641:
636:This article
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377:at Wikisource
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5171:. Retrieved
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4993:the original
4988:
4978:
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4905:the original
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4873:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
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4793:
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4686:
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4576:
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4519:
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4392:The Guardian
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4091:
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4051:The Guardian
4041:
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3967:
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3946:
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3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3869:the original
3864:
3852:
3842:December 30,
3840:. Retrieved
3833:the original
3820:
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3793:the original
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3761:. Retrieved
3757:the original
3747:
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3700:the original
3687:
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3661:the original
3646:
3622:
3612:September 8,
3610:. Retrieved
3605:
3596:
3586:September 8,
3584:. Retrieved
3579:
3570:
3560:September 8,
3558:. Retrieved
3553:
3544:
3534:December 26,
3532:. Retrieved
3524:The Guardian
3523:
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3403:. Retrieved
3394:
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3372:. Retrieved
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3287:
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3268:February 22,
3266:. Retrieved
3259:the original
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3228:
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3202:
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3182:February 22,
3180:. Retrieved
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3162:
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3143:the original
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3105:
3095:
3085:February 22,
3083:. Retrieved
3062:
3038:
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2893:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:the original
2863:
2854:
2846:the original
2830:
2823:
2813:December 26,
2811:. Retrieved
2802:
2796:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:the original
2768:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2685:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2650:
2639:
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2602:
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2581:
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2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2519:
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2497:. Retrieved
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2468:. Retrieved
2459:
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2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:the original
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2365:
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2324:
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2291:
2281:
2272:
2262:February 22,
2260:. Retrieved
2253:the original
2239:
2229:February 22,
2227:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2176:
2172:
2162:
2152:February 12,
2150:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2129:
2119:February 12,
2117:. Retrieved
2096:
2086:February 12,
2084:. Retrieved
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2030:
2013:
2005:
1962:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1807:
1800:sought out.
1798:
1790:
1778:
1766:yellow fever
1758:tuberculosis
1739:
1719:
1710:
1698:
1690:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1614:Reliant Park
1602:
1575:
1566:
1555:Please help
1550:verification
1547:
1515:
1506:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1449:
1445:
1433:
1396:
1380:
1376:
1371:the Pentagon
1359:
1346:
1299:The City of
1298:
1280:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1212:
1197:
1181:nursing home
1177:
1166:Loss of life
1148:
1144:
1103:. The major
1081:
1069:
1043:
1032:
1017:
1010:
991:
977:bridge. The
972:
948:
928:
920:
907:
903:
891:
850:
837:
802:
798:
786:
780:
753:
744:
732:
724:
709:
700:
690:
683:
676:
669:
657:
645:Please help
640:verification
637:
603:
590:
582:
575:
552:
529:
517:
476:
468:
413:
245:
151:
150:Part of the
69:
26:
5541:New Orleans
5025:October 12,
4999:October 12,
4697:October 26,
4582:November 5,
4551:November 4,
4546:www.cnn.com
4526:November 4,
4475:November 4,
4180:] jail"
3763:November 8,
3028:December 3,
2987:November 5,
2906:November 4,
2613:November 4,
2053:October 31,
1750:hepatitis A
1742:dehydration
1634:San Antonio
1367:White House
1185:Baton Rouge
1155:U.S. Senate
1039:Baton Rouge
936:Interdictor
829:St. Tammany
813:St. Charles
809:St. Bernard
805:Plaquemines
703:August 2021
571:St. Bernard
454:levee, the
428:flood walls
420:New Orleans
5621:Categories
4932:Pediatrics
4317:Archive-It
3781:60 Minutes
3235:August 18,
2528:August 18,
2499:August 18,
2372:August 18,
2173:The Bridge
2023:References
1889:See also:
1879:Mardi Gras
1412:See also:
882:Ninth Ward
833:Washington
821:Terrebonne
739:a bulletin
673:newspapers
548:subsidence
498:Background
479:population
122:392 direct
119:Fatalities
5173:March 21,
5163:0362-4331
5134:March 21,
4954:0031-4005
4771:0033-3352
4730:cite book
4722:936286315
4284:USA Today
4149:USA Today
4123:USA Today
4007:March 13,
3982:March 13,
3405:April 30,
3374:April 30,
2964:USA Today
2344:370922865
2302:April 30,
1793:Methodist
1607:Governor
1605:Louisiana
1453:Greyhound
1436:Superdome
1313:roadblock
1242:members.
1217:Aftermath
1030:, Texas.
1024:Astrodome
967:Superdome
940:Gulfsails
825:Jefferson
817:Lafourche
788:Sensation
760:Ray Nagin
567:Jefferson
271:Superdome
5606:Diaspora
5474:Timeline
5350:Archived
5285:17413068
5231:26823065
5167:Archived
5128:Archived
4970:23554269
4962:16735276
4911:June 20,
4884:June 20,
4878:Archived
4853:June 20,
4847:Archived
4822:June 20,
4816:Archived
4691:Archived
4662:Archived
4638:Archived
4614:Archived
4494:Archived
4441:Archived
4417:Archived
4398:June 20,
4366:Archived
4337:Archived
4313:Archived
4288:Archived
4258:Archived
4242:BBC News
4234:Archived
4214:Fox News
4188:Archived
4184:NBC News
4153:Archived
4096:Archived
4067:Archived
4034:Alternet
4026:Archived
3957:July 27,
3951:Archived
3921:Archived
3905:ABC News
3897:Archived
3878:July 21,
3788:CBS News
3667:July 15,
3631:Archived
3606:Nola.com
3528:Archived
3498:Archived
3457:Archived
3437:Archived
3399:Archived
3368:Archived
3342:Archived
3319:NBC News
3292:Archived
3288:Fox News
3208:June 25,
3176:Archived
3152:June 25,
3116:June 25,
3110:Archived
3076:Archived
3055:BBC News
3047:Archived
3022:Archived
3018:NASA/JPL
2956:Archived
2936:Archived
2925:Archived
2807:Archived
2779:July 14,
2748:July 15,
2726:July 14,
2720:Archived
2716:Fox News
2696:July 15,
2690:Archived
2686:BBC News
2666:July 15,
2660:Archived
2632:Archived
2607:Archived
2574:Archived
2547:Archived
2470:June 25,
2464:Archived
2434:Archived
2366:Dialogue
2296:Archived
2220:Archived
2181:Archived
2110:Archived
2077:Archived
1926:See also
1654:Arkansas
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