102:
316:, and similarly, their size decreases from front to back. In females, the outer lobes of several middle legs are modified into long, upward-bending threadlike outgrowths, used to hold the eggs on the dorsal side of the body under the shell. However, the main functions of the thoracic legs are respiration and carrying food forward to the mouth. The gills are basically the outer lobes of all thoracic legs that are closest to the base of the leg. The legs are in constant movement, and the water between the valves of the
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is reduced and unsegmented. The second pair of antennae, however, is long and biramous. Both branches are covered with numerous bristles. The crustaceans swim primarily by swooping the antennae. In the common genus
798:
769:
During the past geological periods clam shrimp were apparently more numerous and diverse than they are now. 300 extinct species are known, and half as many living species. The oldest clam shrimp, such as
368:
The eggs are surrounded by a tough shell and can withstand drying out, freezing and other hostile conditions. In some species these eggs can hatch after as long as 7 years.
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274:. The animals react to danger by contracting the muscle, so that the valves close tightly and the crustacean, as if dead, lies motionlessly at the bottom of the pool.
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312:
The number of segments constituting the thorax varies from 10 to 32, and the number of legs varies accordingly. They are similar in structure to the legs of
235:. They are extant and also known from the fossil record, from at least the Devonian period and perhaps before. They were originally classified in the former
1632:
1573:
762:
deposits, generally poor in fossils, the well-preserved clam shrimp shells are found quite often. They help identify the age of the corresponding
375:
stage (the nauplius stage is absent in
Cyclestherida). Clam shrimp nauplii are distinguished by very small front antennae. At the second stage (
1157:
1010:
Scholze, Frank; Shen, Shu-Zhong; Backer, Malte; Wei, Hai-Bo; HĂĽbner, Marcel; Cui, Ying-Ying; Feng, Zhuo; Schneider, Joerg W. (June 2020).
780:
deposits. Many extinct species, mostly
Triassic specimens, once lived in marine environments, where no extant clam shrimp inhabit today.
927:"How the cladoceran heterogonic life cycle evolved--insights from gamogenetic reproduction and direct development in Cyclestherida"
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Modern clam shrimp have little significance to humans. However, extinct species of these crustaceans are often studied by
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278:
973:
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101:
1012:"Reinvestigation of conchostracans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from the Permian–Triassic transition in Southwest China"
122:
825:
K. J. Woolfe (1990). "Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of
Antarctica".
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J. Webb (1979). "A reappraisal of the palaeoecology of conchostracans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)".
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Extant clam shrimp belong to three orders, divided into five families; some notable genera and
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compressed and bears a pair of large hooks, or dorsoventrally compressed, with short hooks.
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864:"The fossil record of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): Evidence and hypotheses"
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Clam shrimp have different reproductive strategies. For example, within the family
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are nested within clam shrimps. Clam shrimp are now divided into three orders,
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When the egg arrives in a suitable pool, a larva hatches out at the
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Both valves of the shell are held together by a strong closing
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are close together and located on the forehead; in the genus
401:
799:
Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
309:
legs move in an oar-like manner along with the antennae.
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383:reaches sexual maturity in 19 days after hatching.
292:they are truly fused. In front of them is a simple
862:Van Damme, Kay; Kotov, Alexey A. (December 2016).
975:An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea
828:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
305:, which can open its spherical valves wide, the
1151:
972:Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001).
320:is quickly renewed. The body ends in a large
262:, in addition to the fossil family Leaiidae.
8:
983:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
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100:
20:
906:WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species
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7:
1566:8c1d554a-2f21-4d48-830e-4d5717500bb5
14:
1633:Extant Devonian first appearances
925:Fritsch, M.; Richter, S. (2015).
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1123:
1111:
1099:
1095:Introduction to the Branchiopoda
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121:
888:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.009
479:Gallego & Covacevich, 1998
360:(male-hermaphrodite) species.
1:
985:. p. 132. Archived from
1030:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.04.007
849:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X
335:Reproduction and development
277:In most species the head is
231:that resemble the unrelated
931:Evolution & Development
356:(only hermaphrodites), and
242:, which later proved to be
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812:10.1127/njgpa/158/1979/259
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646:(tentatively placed here)
195:
190:
118:Scientific classification
116:
108:
99:
23:
224:are a group of bivalved
109:California clam shrimp,
564:(including Imnadiidae)
296:eye. The first pair of
1638:Arthropod common names
773:Asmussia murchisoniana
457:Zhang & Chen, 1976
191:Orders of clam shrimp
16:Suborder of arthropods
868:Earth-Science Reviews
1561:Fauna Europaea (new)
111:Cyzicus californicus
880:2016ESRv..163..162V
841:1990PPP....80..301W
1166:Families of class
1069:Crustaceans portal
750:Geological history
327:, which is either
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1614:
1475:Taxon identifiers
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1235:Streptocephalidae
1083:Arthropods portal
943:10.1111/ede.12163
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626:Palaeolimnadiidae
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233:bivalved molluscs
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1245:Thamnocephalidae
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835:(3–4): 301–310.
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776:, were found in
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678:Paracyclestheria
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663:Cyclestheriidae
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281:compressed. The
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27:Temporal range:
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1215:Branchinectidae
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705:Leptestheriella
544:Maghrebestheria
537:Leptestheriella
514:Leptestheriidae
432:Caenestheriella
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352:(male-female),
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266:Characteristics
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30:Devonian–Recent
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1434:Cercopagididae
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1417:Macrotrichidae
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1132:at Wikispecies
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1108:at Wikispecies
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1055:External links
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1024:(2): 368–390.
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937:(6): 356–366.
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489:Defretin, 1965
483:
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475:Menucoestheria
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454:Eosestheriidae
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419:Stebbing, 1910
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358:androdioecious
354:hermaphroditic
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314:tadpole shrimp
279:dorsoventrally
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992:on 2013-05-12
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1628:Branchiopoda
1527:Laevicaudata
1513:Laevicaudata
1483:Laevicaudata
1482:
1456:Leptodoridae
1444:Polyphemidae
1375:Holopediidae
1316:Spinicaudata
1298:Laevicaudata
1283:
1276:
1168:Branchiopoda
1130:Spinicaudata
1118:Laevicaudata
1041:. Retrieved
1021:
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1005:
994:. Retrieved
987:the original
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909:. Retrieved
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733:Paralimnetis
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690:Linder, 1945
687:Laevicaudata
686:
685:
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671:Cyclestheria
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618:Metalimnadia
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604:Limnadiopsis
602:
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576:Calalimnadia
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569:Afrolimnadia
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530:Leptestheria
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500:Laxitextella
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486:Euestheridae
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425:Caenestheria
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410:Linder, 1945
407:Spinicaudata
406:
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377:metanauplius
370:
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343:
340:Reproduction
311:
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290:Cyclestheria
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260:Spinicaudata
259:
256:Laevicaudata
255:
251:
244:paraphyletic
240:Conchostraca
239:
221:
220:
212:Linder, 1945
206:Linder, 1945
181:Superorder:
165:Branchiopoda
110:
18:
1507:Wikispecies
1334:Limnadiidae
1017:Palaeoworld
874:: 162–189.
719:Lynceiopsis
699:Baird, 1845
629:Tasch, 1956
562:Baird, 1849
559:Limnadiidae
517:Daday, 1923
393:prehistoric
346:Limnadiidae
248:water fleas
229:crustaceans
226:branchiopod
222:Clam shrimp
185:Diplostraca
24:Clam shrimp
1622:Categories
1429:Onychopoda
1407:Daphniidae
1402:Chydoridae
1397:Bosminidae
1272:Triopsidae
1264:Notostraca
1210:Artemiidae
1190:Subphylum
1186:Arthropoda
996:2011-04-04
911:2021-11-23
784:References
760:freshwater
756:geologists
665:Sars, 1899
658:Sars, 1899
583:Eulimnadia
364:Life cycle
348:are found
322:chitinised
246:, because
200:Sars, 1899
175:Phyllopoda
171:Subclass:
155:Arthropoda
1451:Haplopoda
1439:Podonidae
1392:Anomopoda
1370:Ctenopoda
1362:Cladocera
1324:Cyzicidae
1306:Lynceidae
1285:Lepidurus
1202:Anostraca
1192:Crustacea
1038:189973963
696:Lynceidae
446:Eocyzicus
416:Cyzicidae
350:dioecious
329:laterally
141:Kingdom:
135:Eukaryota
1535:BugGuide
1492:Wikidata
1422:Moinidae
1180:Animalia
1178:Kingdom
951:26486940
778:Devonian
712:Limnetis
597:Limnadia
387:Taxonomy
373:nauplius
318:carapace
307:thoracic
298:antennae
294:naupliar
151:Phylum:
145:Animalia
131:Domain:
1498:Q500917
1385:Sididae
1184:Phylum
1043:15 July
959:1932950
876:Bibcode
837:Bibcode
726:Lynceus
590:Imnadia
439:Cyzicus
381:Cyzicus
303:Lynceus
283:sessile
161:Class:
1605:593143
1592:116558
1579:609949
1540:391509
1278:Triops
1036:
957:
949:
764:strata
741:
633:fossil
507:, 1982
493:fossil
461:fossil
325:telson
272:muscle
258:, and
1600:WoRMS
1553:14764
1034:S2CID
990:(PDF)
979:(PDF)
955:S2CID
758:. In
505:Kozur
237:order
1587:NCBI
1574:ITIS
1045:2023
947:PMID
396:taxa
35:Preęž’
1522:AFD
1026:doi
939:doi
884:doi
872:163
845:doi
808:doi
804:158
1624::
1602::
1589::
1576::
1563::
1550::
1537::
1524::
1509::
1494::
1032:.
1022:29
1020:.
1014:.
981:.
953:.
945:.
935:17
933:.
929:.
904:.
882:.
870:.
866:.
843:.
833:80
831:.
802:.
766:.
635:)
495:)
463:)
254:,
85:Pg
1159:e
1152:t
1145:v
1047:.
1028::
999:.
961:.
941::
914:.
890:.
886::
878::
851:.
847::
839::
814:.
810::
631:(
491:(
459:(
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:ęž’
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