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80:, but handwritten manuscript copies have been found in private libraries all over Europe. The clandestine literature of 18th century France also consisted of printed works produced in neighbouring Switzerland or the Netherlands and smuggled into France. These books were usually termed "philosophical works", but varied greatly in content from pornography, utopian novels, political slander and actual philosophical works by radical enlightenment philosophers like
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26:", refers to a type of editorial and publishing process that involves self-publishing works, often in contradiction with the legal standards of a location. Clandestine literature is often an attempt to circumvent censorship, prosecution, or other suppression. In academic study, such literature may be referred to as heterodox publications (as opposed to officially sanctioned, orthodox publishing).
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The willingness to break the law may be due to ideological reasons, when works are contrary to government positions or pose a threat to the institutions in power, but also for reasons at a formal level, when publications do not comply with legal regulations imposed for the circulation of printed
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works. Underground literature is a type of clandestine literature that does not necessarily have the evasion of the censorship of the time as its purpose; the goal of its writers may only be to lower publishing costs, often being funded by the authors themselves.
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The term captures something crucial to the work of these writers, something crucial to the decade as a whole: a new kind of integration. The overlapping of worlds that were formerly separated: the realm of high tech and the modern underground
62:, sometimes propounding outright atheism. These clandestine manuscripts particularly flourished in the 1720s, and contained such controversial works as
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era in 18th-century France, circulating as pamphlets or manuscripts, usually containing texts that would have been considered highly blasphemous by the
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A legitimate publisher in one jurisdiction may assist writers from elsewhere to circumvent their own laws by enabling them to publish abroad. The
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Works that are originally published by clandestine means may eventually become established as canonical literature, such as
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Robert
Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1996.
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in Paris published several 20th-century
English-language writers, including
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short story "The
Etymology of Cyberpunk" which spawned an entire
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Islam in
Spanish Literature: From the Middle Ages to the Present
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universe, proposing it as a label for a new generation of '
107:' teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the
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Another notable example of clandestine literature is
318:"Clandestine E-Texts from the Eighteenth Century"
34:Examples of clandestine literature include the
320:. University of Turin-Vercelli. Archived from
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291:Xing Lu; Wenshan Jia; D. Ray Heisey (2002).
346:, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 722ff.
295:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 105.
191:Alternative media (U.S. political right)
258:
186:Alternative media (U.S. political left)
415:. p. XI – via Ace Edition.
413:Mirrorshades: the Cyberpunk Anthology
50:writing of some upper-class women in
38:literature of Soviet dissidents; the
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14:
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65:Treatise of the Three Impostors
387:A Companion to Science Fiction
211:List of underground newspapers
1:
365:"The Etymology of Cyberpunk"
266:Baralt, Luce López (1992).
86:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
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384:Seed, David (2008-04-15).
390:. John Wiley & Sons.
270:. BRILL. pp. 171–3.
217:News agency (alternative)
232:Polish underground press
164:Freedom of speech portal
68:and the Catholic priest
411:Bruce Sterling (1988).
344:Enlightenment Contested
213:(by country and state)
24:underground literature
20:Clandestine literature
374:from Bethke's website
90:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
447:Literary terminology
342:Jonathan I. Israel,
115:Purpose and process
370:2013-07-16 at the
16:Publishing process
397:978-1-4051-4458-2
247:Underground press
242:Underground comix
227:French resistance
196:Alternative media
178:Literature portal
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328:October 20,
126:Das Kapital
452:Publishing
442:Literature
437:Censorship
431:Categories
418:culture...
253:References
201:Censorship
72:atheistic
44:Al-Andalus
132:El Buscón
101:cyberpunk
40:Aljamiado
368:Archived
237:Samizdat
150:See also
78:Voltaire
36:Samizdat
30:Examples
74:Memoirs
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52:Hunan
48:nushu
392:ISBN
330:2012
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