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broadening the decision-making process. The example we consider is the
Montreal Participative Budget ( PB). We focus on the impact of decentralization, more specifically on the form this took as the Montreal PB was being elaborated. We examine how much decentralization circumscribes the PB process. The Montreal Participative Budget provides an illustration of the emergence of a participative level in a political context that is, on the whole, hostile to participatory decision making. We suggest that the PB in this context benefits from a new window of opportunity. The chosen example has a dual significance: it underlines the role of temporal contingencies and scales of the process of decentralization in the participative structures at the local level, and it enables us to gain a better grasp of the problem of institutional architectures in implementing participatory democracy by emphasizing the political and social realities underlying new loci for decision making.
88:. This perspective particularly affected the growing radical students movement, who were to provide an important impetus to the emergence of the claimants unions. Hilary Rose argues that in these circumstances, students who wished to engage with working class activism looked for new emergent forms rather than linking with the Labour Party whose credentials as being a voice for the working class were being increasingly questioned. While this often meant they were drawn to
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the poor like CPAG. Likewise an individual advisor-client relationship was rejected in favour of discussing each case in the whole meeting, which provided an important organisational lesson: by working together people could do things for themselves. This approach was also reflected in the article
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The intent of this article is to reflect on the notion of empowered participatory governance in order to gain a better understanding of the institutional contexts and parameters that encourage a more participative democracy, and thereby bring to light the political mechanisms that contribute to
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Cross party support led to the introduction of a welfare state in the UK by the late 1940s. Whilst this led to a somewhat self-congratulatory viewpoint that poverty had been largely eliminated, this perspective was increasingly being criticised by the 1950s. The research of
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Patsias, Caroline; Latendresse, Anne; Bherer, Laurence (November 2013). "Participatory
Democracy, Decentralization and Local Governance: the Montreal Participatory Budget in the light of 'Empowered Participatory Governance': The Montreal participatory budget".
72:, published in 1965, argued that poverty had increased from 1953 to 1960 and that a significant factor in this was a gap between formal entitlement to benefits and the amount people actually claimed. Abel-Smith and Townsend founded the
92:, the perceived failings of the welfare state encouraged such students to get involved with claimants unions. Thus it was five working-class students in Birmingham who founded the first claimants union in
41:. A claimant, in the context of insurance, is a policyholder who files a claim or formal request for payment from their insurer to cover a specific loss.
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in 1969. Despite starting from an original format based on generic trade union structures, the BCU soon developed an approach much more based on
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to make successful claims for that benefit. They were particularly prevalent in the
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organisation based on self-help and mutual support to enable those entitled to
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Rose, Hilary (1973). "Up
Against the Welfare State: Claimants Unions".
76:(CPAG). However Abel-Smith was to work closely with the
193:"1945-51: Labour and the creation of the welfare state"
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International
Journal of Urban and Regional Research
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262:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01171.x
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119:Institute for Workers' Control
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100:Birmingham Claimants Union
74:Child Poverty Action Group
70:The Poor and the Poorest
142:Participatory democracy
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131:Supplementary Benefit
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