264:, despite facing gender discrimination such as not being given scholarships that were awarded to men of similar financial means. She then entered private practice in Quebec. From 1952 until 1973, she worked at L'Heureux, Philippon, Garneau, Tourigny, St-Arnaud & Associates, and was one of the first woman lawyers to work with divorce cases in the province.
541:
L'Heureux-Dubé married Arthur Dubé in 1957 and gave birth to a son and a daughter. Her husband died of suicide in 1978. Her son died in 1994; her daughter became a lawyer. L'Heureux-Dubé considered her judicial work as a refuge for the pain in her personal life by allowing her to compartmentalize her
513:
during public hearings in the
National Assembly. She argued that it did not infringe on human rights and was an opportunity to make Quebec a secular society. She also believed that it would withstand a constitutional challenge, saying that women's right to equality trumped the right to wear religious
376:
that there was no hierarchy of rights in Canada because
Charter rights – freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial in this case – had to be balanced against each other. L'Heureux-Dubé dissented, saying that in addition to CBC lacking a valid right to appeal to the Supreme Court, when freedom of
485:
L'Heureux-Dubé also served as the president of La Maison de justice de Québec, a pilot project to improve access to justice in Quebec City which operated from 2004 until its 2006 closure after it failed to become financially self-sufficient. It sought to serve people who made too much to qualify for
505:
severance package in exchange for a pay raise from $ 88,000 to $ 136,000. The report proposed that this exchange of benefits for a payroll increase would be "cost neutral". L'Heureux-Dubé's report also proposed that transparency in expenditures be increased by forcing all members of the assembly to
415:
attacking L'Heureux-Dubé, describing her writing as overly personal and blaming her attitude for the rise in the suicide rate of Quebec men. The letter was controversial, and drew even more furor when it was pointed out that L'Heureux-Dubé's husband had committed suicide in 1978. A few months after
460:
At the time of her retirement on July 1, 2002, L'Heureux-Dubé was the most senior judge on the court in terms of time served. During her tenure on the court, she was regarded as perhaps its most controversial member, and as someone who usually only slept four hours a day so she could focus on her
490:, but not enough to afford a lawyer by offering free services provided by mostly retired legal professionals. L'Heureux-Dubé had been chosen to run the pilot project's administrative aspects and recruitment effort because of her devotion to social justice and her legal connections.
405:. Justice McClung had written the decision of the Alberta Court of Appeal, upholding the acquittal of an accused person in a sexual assault case. The Supreme Court overturned the acquittal and directed a re-trial. In her concurring opinion, written on behalf of herself and
1091:
224:
During L'Heureux-Dubé's time on the country's top court, she earned a reputation as a steadfast feminist and supporter of minority rights. Because roughly 40 percent of the 254 judgements that she wrote were dissents, she became known as the court's "great dissenter".
506:
disclose their benefits, allowances, and indemnities to the public. As of
December 2015, the pay raise was still not implemented, though the transition bonus given to MNAs who leave their office mid-term for any reason had been removed.
320:
L'Heureux-Dubé is typically remembered as one of the most prolific dissenters of the Court. Her judicial view was atypical for her time and often clashed with the majority of the Court. Her writing style and her tendency to use
473:
people, and other minority groups. L'Heureux-Dubé heard more than 1200 Supreme Court cases, wrote 254 judgments, dissenting from the majority in about 40 percent of them, which earned her the label of the "great dissenter".
518:
interview that fundamental rights such as the right to life and equality should not be abrogated by other civil liberties which could be "reduced" in a "free and democratic society". In response to email questions from
566:
304:
429:, even when its provisions were unincorporated into Canadian law, could still be a source from which judges could find the values and principles behind Canadian legislation. L'Heureux-Dubé followed the decision in
313:. According to L'Heureux-Dubé, a fellow judge on the Supreme Court refused to speak to her for the first three months after her appointment before passing her a note saying he considered her to have passed her
721:
798:
1016:
1052:
984:
421:
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2869:
1167:
482:
Shortly after L'Heureux-Dubé's July 2002 retirement from the
Supreme Court at the age of 74, she took a Judge in Residence position with Université Laval University in Quebec City.
271:, becoming its first woman judge. From 1973 to 1976, she led a federal commission studying immigration problems in the province of Quebec. In October 1979, she was elevated to the
344:, where she alone acknowledged that the meaning of "family" is not fixed and should be read purposively to adapt to the changing times and it should include same-sex couples.
416:
the debate, L'Heureux-Dubé heard McClung had fallen ill, and wrote him a supportive letter, for which he thanked her and which she considered to be the end of the debate.
943:
619:
2829:
409:, Justice L'Heureux-Dubé described his ruling as showing outdated and stereotypical thinking about sexual assault. In response, Justice McClung wrote a letter to the
656:
711:
198:
910:
788:
2839:
1075:
1006:
469:, and the protection of sexual-assault complainants' privacy. During her time on the court, she was a proponent of equality rights of women, immigrants,
1903:
1038:
498:
1207:
859:
970:
882:
1555:
753:
368:
1120:
2824:
2859:
385:
213:. Previously, she had been one of the first woman lawyers to handle divorce cases, and was the first woman appointed as a judge to the
1085:
338:
by allowing for a broad range of social studies data to be given judicial notice as a legislative fact. Another famous dissent was in
242:
2844:
609:
557:, in recognition of her legal career and her contributions to equality for marginalized communities in both Quebec and Canada.
309:
L'Heureux-Dubé's elevation to the
Supreme Court in 1987 made her the second woman to sit on the country's highest court, after
2864:
1896:
377:
expression and the right to a fair trial cannot be simultaneously fully respected, the latter should temporarily prevail.
1200:
646:
494:
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920:
827:
287:. After eight years and writing 1,200 judgements for the Quebec Court of Appeal, L'Heureux-Dubé was elevated to the
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as a result of multiple sclerosis which developed when L'Heureux-Dubé was only nine. L'Heureux-Dubé attended the
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36:
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57:
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clothing, which was not the same right as freedom of religion. She had earlier indicated in a 2013
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1994:
1948:
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1814:
1768:
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193:
40:
1039:"Retired Supreme Court judge Claire L'Heureux-Dube adds her support to Quebec values charter"
461:
work. Critics labelled her a feminist, equal-rights ideologue because of her support for the
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1979:
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406:
104:
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2014:
1984:
1938:
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854:
550:
466:
335:
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research in her reasons made for opinions that were often notable for their sheer length.
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2004:
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the "general welfare" powers delegated to it by the Quebec provincial government.
237:
in 1927. She was one of four girls raised by a mother who spent fifty years as a
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2009:
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147:
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159:
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257:
525:, L'Heureux-Dubé also cited the thesis in Israeli judge and legal theorist
275:
and was its first female judge. In 1981, she, along with future colleague
1011:
975:
651:
250:
465:, tax deductions for mothers in the workforce, expansive provisions for
363:
she made in an earlier judgment, with which she "most heartily" agreed.
451:, was justified in banning Spraytech's pesticides and was not acting
381:
206:
197:(born September 7, 1927) is a retired Canadian judge who served as a
151:
1007:"Ex-justice Claire L'Heureux-Dubé supports secular 'values' charter"
253:, Quebec, but quit when she was nineteen to continue her education.
549:
by the
Province of Quebec in 1969. She was made a Companion of the
533:
that rights have to be given importance based on society's values.
267:
In
February 1973, L'Heureux-Dubé was appointed as a judge onto the
748:
712:"Former Supreme Court judge's support buoys PQ's charter argument"
509:
In
February 2014, L'Heureux-Dubé spoke in support of the proposed
334:, where she took a major departure from the practised standard of
944:"Quebec's politicians are overworked and underpaid, advisers say"
567:
Reasons of the
Supreme Court of Canada by Justice L'Heureux-Dubé
372:, L'Heureux-Dubé disagreed with the majority opinion written by
305:
Reasons of the
Supreme Court of Canada by Justice L'Heureux-Dubé
1885:
1537:
1189:
328:
Among her more controversial decisions include her reasons in
168:
419:
Later in 1999, L'Heureux-Dubé wrote the majority decision in
789:"Supreme Court pays tribute to colourful, contentious judge"
971:"Quebec legislators mull giving themselves hefty pay hike"
850:"La Maison de justice de Québec est fermée définitivement"
824:"Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, C.C., G.O.Q., c.r., LL.L., D.h.c."
422:
Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)
497:, L'Heureux-Dubé led a committee that recommended that
209:
and the second woman appointed to this position, after
553:
in 2003. In 2004, she was made a Grand Officer of the
826:
The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General.
2758:
2712:
2661:
2610:
2559:
2513:
2462:
2416:
2365:
2319:
2268:
2222:
2171:
2125:
2074:
2023:
1972:
1921:
1828:
1777:
1726:
1675:
1624:
1573:
1480:
1429:
1378:
1327:
1276:
1225:
380:In 1998, L'Heureux-Dubé was named president of the
158:
131:
126:
110:
98:
86:
74:
52:
21:
1113:"Claire L'Heureux-Dubé – Ordre national du Québec"
883:"Legal legend goes back to serving Quebec 's poor"
447:. She then ruled that the municipal government of
205:from 1987 to 2002. She was the first woman from
433:with her majority decision in the 2001 case of
2835:Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
647:"Supreme Court justice L'Heureux-Dube retires"
397:became the focus of a very public debate with
1897:
1549:
1201:
1168:Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
8:
911:"Quebec to review MNAs salaries and bonuses"
233:L'Heureux-Dubé was born Claire L'Heureux in
1904:
1890:
1882:
1556:
1542:
1534:
1208:
1194:
1186:
1149:
18:
2870:Université Laval Faculté de droit alumni
858:(in Canadian French). February 1, 2006.
744:"Dagenais v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp"
2830:Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
1055:from the original on September 28, 2020
862:from the original on September 28, 2020
830:from the original on September 28, 2020
801:from the original on September 28, 2020
756:from the original on September 21, 2017
659:from the original on September 28, 2020
577:
2126:December 26, 2005 – February 28, 2006:
909:Vendeville, Geoffrey (March 3, 2015).
752:. December 8, 1994. pp. 895–951.
70:April 15, 1987 – July 1, 2002
2759:October 28, 2016 – December 15, 2017:
2713:September 1, 2016 – October 28, 2016:
987:from the original on February 2, 2017
818:
816:
603:
601:
369:Dagenais v Canadian Broadcasting Corp
7:
2662:August 31, 2015 – September 1, 2016:
2269:December 22, 2008 – August 30, 2011:
2075:October 4, 2004 – December 25, 2005:
1172:April 15, 1987 – July 1, 2002
705:
703:
701:
641:
639:
637:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
391:In 1999, her concurring decision in
16:Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada
2611:December 1, 2014 – August 31, 2015:
2320:August 30, 2011 – October 27, 2011:
622:from the original on April 17, 2017
386:International Commission of Jurists
2463:October 5, 2012 – August 31, 2013:
2366:October 27, 2011 – August 7, 2012:
1019:from the original on April 8, 2014
724:from the original on June 19, 2018
501:should give up benefits such as a
281:Family Law: Dimensions of Justice,
14:
2840:Companions of the Order of Canada
2560:June 9, 2014 – November 30, 2014:
2417:August 7, 2012 – October 5, 2012:
2223:July 1, 2008 – December 22, 2008:
1145:Supreme Court of Canada biography
1123:from the original on May 15, 2018
436:Hudson v Spraytech & ChemLawn
243:Ursuline Monastery of Quebec City
1973:August 7, 2002 – August 1, 2003:
942:Séguin, Rhéal (March 29, 2013).
710:Fine, Sean (February 13, 2014).
610:"Gatecrashing the old boys club"
499:Members of the National Assembly
2514:August 31, 2013 – June 9, 2014:
2024:August 5, 2003 – June 30, 2004:
1922:January 7, 2000 – July 1, 2002:
1094:from the original on 2020-09-28
2172:March 1, 2006 – June 30, 2008:
1:
1117:www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca
1074:Backhouse, Constance (2017).
787:Bailey, Sue (June 11, 2002).
545:L'Heureux-Dubé was appointed
478:Post-Supreme Court activities
1077:Claire L'Heureux-Dubé:A Life
881:Makin, Kirk (July 7, 2005).
608:Makin, Kirk (May 2, 2002).
495:National Assembly of Quebec
445:international customary law
2886:
1080:. UBC Press. p. 188.
443:should be seen as part of
347:In a style reminiscent of
302:
1174:
1165:
1157:
1152:
537:Personal life and honours
493:In a 2013 report for the
175:
122:
63:
48:
555:National Order of Quebec
511:Quebec Charter of Values
260:from the law faculty of
2860:Université Laval alumni
2845:People from Quebec City
2825:Canadian King's Counsel
441:precautionary principle
403:Alberta Court of Appeal
289:Supreme Court of Canada
256:In 1951, she graduated
203:Supreme Court of Canada
58:Supreme Court of Canada
1051:. September 24, 2013.
463:battered woman defense
273:Quebec Court of Appeal
219:Quebec Court of Appeal
2865:Canadian women judges
269:Quebec Superior Court
229:Early life and career
215:Quebec Superior Court
182:Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
28:Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
1015:. February 7, 2014.
341:Canada (AG) v Mossop
1379:May 1988–Nov. 1988:
439:, holding that the
374:Chief Justice Lamer
351:MR, in the case of
315:probationary period
285:Canadian family law
1049:The Canadian Press
981:The Canadian Press
949:The Globe and Mail
888:The Globe and Mail
794:The Globe and Mail
717:The Globe and Mail
615:The Globe and Mail
522:The Globe and Mail
291:by Prime Minister
2809:
2808:
1929:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1879:
1878:
1836:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1785:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1734:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1688:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1637:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1591:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1568:court (1990–2000)
1531:
1530:
1503:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1457:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1416:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1370:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1184:
1183:
1175:Succeeded by
655:. June 28, 2002.
427:international law
366:In the 1994 case
354:Willick v Willick
179:
178:
142:September 7, 1927
2877:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1161:Julien Chouinard
1158:Preceded by
1150:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1071:
1065:
1064:
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1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
919:. Archived from
916:Montreal Gazette
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
846:
840:
839:
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811:
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772:
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707:
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687:
684:
678:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
643:
632:
631:
629:
627:
605:
503:golden parachute
407:Justice Gonthier
262:Université Laval
245:and worked at a
196:
165:Université Laval
145:
141:
139:
127:Personal details
113:
105:Julien Chouinard
101:
89:
77:
68:
43:
19:
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2776:A. Karakatsanis
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2730:A. Karakatsanis
2708:
2684:A. Karakatsanis
2657:
2638:A. Karakatsanis
2606:
2592:A. Karakatsanis
2555:
2546:A. Karakatsanis
2509:
2500:A. Karakatsanis
2458:
2454:A. Karakatsanis
2412:
2408:A. Karakatsanis
2361:
2315:
2264:
2218:
2167:
2121:
2070:
2019:
1968:
1917:
1916:court (2000–17)
1910:
1880:
1875:
1824:
1773:
1722:
1671:
1620:
1569:
1562:
1532:
1527:
1476:
1430:Nov. 1988–1989:
1425:
1374:
1323:
1272:
1221:
1220:court (1984–90)
1214:
1180:
1178:Marie Deschamps
1171:
1163:
1141:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1111:
1110:
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1088:
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1005:
1004:
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969:
968:
964:
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908:
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893:
891:
880:
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865:
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855:Radio-Canada.ca
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645:
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625:
623:
607:
606:
579:
575:
563:
551:Order of Canada
547:Queen's Counsel
539:
531:Proportionality
480:
467:spousal support
425:, holding that
399:Justice McClung
357:, she quoted a
336:judicial notice
307:
301:
295:in April 1987.
231:
184:
146:
143:
137:
135:
117:Marie Deschamps
111:
99:
87:
75:
69:
64:
44:
31:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1153:Legal offices
1148:
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1139:External links
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1087:978-0774836326
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2016:
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1995:M. Bastarache
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1119:(in French).
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1044:National Post
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923:on 2015-03-04
922:
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790:
783:
780:
777:, 1 SCR 330.
776:
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311:Bertha Wilson
306:
299:Supreme Court
298:
296:
294:
290:
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278:
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270:
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259:
254:
252:
248:
247:cod liver oil
244:
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236:
228:
226:
222:
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211:Bertha Wilson
208:
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144:(age 97)
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62:
59:
55:
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38:
34:
25:
20:
2811:
2623:M. Rothstein
2577:M. Rothstein
2531:M. Rothstein
2485:M. Rothstein
2439:M. Rothstein
2393:M. Rothstein
2378:M. Deschamps
2352:M. Rothstein
2337:M. Deschamps
2306:M. Rothstein
2286:M. Deschamps
2260:M. Rothstein
2240:M. Deschamps
2214:M. Rothstein
2194:M. Deschamps
2148:M. Deschamps
2102:M. Deschamps
2061:M. Deschamps
2031:F. Iacobucci
2015:M. Deschamps
1985:F. Iacobucci
1939:F. Iacobucci
1928:
1851:F. Iacobucci
1846:B. McLachlin
1835:
1805:F. Iacobucci
1800:B. McLachlin
1784:
1759:F. Iacobucci
1754:B. McLachlin
1733:
1713:F. Iacobucci
1708:B. McLachlin
1687:
1683:G. La Forest
1667:F. Iacobucci
1662:W. Stevenson
1657:B. McLachlin
1636:
1632:G. La Forest
1616:W. Stevenson
1611:B. McLachlin
1590:
1586:G. La Forest
1523:B. McLachlin
1502:
1498:G. La Forest
1456:
1452:G. La Forest
1415:
1411:G. La Forest
1369:
1365:G. La Forest
1319:G. La Forest
1299:J. Chouinard
1253:J. Chouinard
1166:
1127:December 17,
1125:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
1076:
1069:
1059:December 17,
1057:. Retrieved
1042:
1033:
1023:December 17,
1021:. Retrieved
1010:
1001:
991:December 17,
989:. Retrieved
974:
965:
955:December 17,
953:. Retrieved
947:
937:
927:December 10,
925:. Retrieved
921:the original
914:
904:
894:December 17,
892:. Retrieved
886:
876:
866:December 17,
864:. Retrieved
853:
844:
834:December 17,
832:. Retrieved
805:December 17,
803:. Retrieved
792:
782:
775:R v Ewanchuk
774:
770:
760:December 17,
758:. Retrieved
747:
738:
728:December 17,
726:. Retrieved
715:
691:
682:
673:
663:December 17,
661:. Retrieved
650:
624:. Retrieved
613:
544:
540:
530:
527:Aharon Barak
520:
516:Radio Canada
508:
492:
484:
481:
459:
452:
434:
430:
420:
418:
410:
394:R v Ewanchuk
392:
390:
379:
367:
365:
358:
352:
349:Lord Denning
346:
339:
329:
327:
319:
308:
280:
279:, published
266:
255:
239:quadriplegic
232:
223:
181:
180:
112:Succeeded by
93:Jeanne Sauvé
88:Appointed by
76:Nominated by
65:
2850:1927 births
2771:M. Moldaver
2725:M. Moldaver
2679:M. Moldaver
2674:T. Cromwell
2633:M. Moldaver
2628:T. Cromwell
2587:M. Moldaver
2582:T. Cromwell
2541:M. Moldaver
2536:T. Cromwell
2495:M. Moldaver
2490:T. Cromwell
2449:M. Moldaver
2444:T. Cromwell
2403:M. Moldaver
2398:T. Cromwell
2357:T. Cromwell
2327:W.I. Binnie
2311:T. Cromwell
2276:W.I. Binnie
2230:W.I. Binnie
2184:W.I. Binnie
2138:W.I. Binnie
2092:W.I. Binnie
2046:W.I. Binnie
2000:W.I. Binnie
1980:C. Gonthier
1954:W.I. Binnie
1934:C. Gonthier
1866:W.I. Binnie
1841:C. Gonthier
1820:W.I. Binnie
1790:C. Gonthier
1744:C. Gonthier
1698:C. Gonthier
1647:C. Gonthier
1601:C. Gonthier
1513:C. Gonthier
1467:C. Gonthier
626:December 9,
454:ultra vires
331:Moge v Moge
235:Quebec City
148:Quebec City
100:Preceded by
2819:Categories
2301:L. Charron
2255:L. Charron
2209:L. Charron
2163:L. Charron
2117:L. Charron
2082:J.C. Major
2036:J.C. Major
1990:J.C. Major
1944:J.C. Major
1856:J.C. Major
1810:J.C. Major
1764:J.C. Major
1739:J. Sopinka
1718:J.C. Major
1693:J. Sopinka
1642:J. Sopinka
1596:J. Sopinka
1508:J. Sopinka
1462:J. Sopinka
1421:J. Sopinka
1406:G. Le Dain
1360:G. Le Dain
1340:W.Z. Estey
1314:G. Le Dain
1289:W.Z. Estey
1268:G. Le Dain
1243:W.Z. Estey
1233:R. Ritchie
1098:2020-09-19
695:3 SCR 670.
686:1 SCR 554.
677:3 SCR 813.
573:References
303:See also:
160:Alma mater
138:1927-09-07
2786:C. Gascon
2781:R. Wagner
2766:R. Abella
2740:C. Gascon
2735:R. Wagner
2720:R. Abella
2694:C. Gascon
2689:R. Wagner
2669:R. Abella
2648:C. Gascon
2643:R. Wagner
2618:R. Abella
2602:C. Gascon
2597:R. Wagner
2572:R. Abella
2551:R. Wagner
2526:R. Abella
2505:R. Wagner
2480:R. Abella
2475:M.J. Fish
2434:R. Abella
2429:M.J. Fish
2388:R. Abella
2383:M.J. Fish
2347:R. Abella
2342:M.J. Fish
2296:R. Abella
2291:M.J. Fish
2250:R. Abella
2245:M.J. Fish
2204:R. Abella
2199:M.J. Fish
2158:R. Abella
2153:M.J. Fish
2112:R. Abella
2107:M.J. Fish
2066:M.J. Fish
2051:L. Arbour
2005:L. Arbour
1959:L. Arbour
1914:McLachlin
1871:L. Arbour
1829:1999–2000
1581:B. Wilson
1493:B. Wilson
1447:B. Wilson
1401:B. Wilson
1355:B. Wilson
1309:B. Wilson
1263:B. Wilson
488:legal aid
258:cum laude
249:plant in
66:In office
2796:R. Brown
2750:R. Brown
2704:R. Brown
2567:L. LeBel
2521:L. LeBel
2470:L. LeBel
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2332:L. LeBel
2281:L. LeBel
2235:L. LeBel
2189:L. LeBel
2143:L. LeBel
2097:L. LeBel
2056:L. LeBel
2010:L. LeBel
1964:L. LeBel
1488:A. Lamer
1481:1989–90:
1442:A. Lamer
1396:A. Lamer
1386:J. Beetz
1350:A. Lamer
1335:J. Beetz
1304:A. Lamer
1284:J. Beetz
1277:1985–87:
1258:A. Lamer
1238:J. Beetz
1226:1984–85:
1121:Archived
1092:Archived
1053:Archived
1017:Archived
1012:CBC News
985:Archived
976:CBC News
860:Archived
828:Archived
799:Archived
754:Archived
722:Archived
657:Archived
652:CBC News
620:Archived
561:See also
529:'s book
251:Rimouski
217:and the
154:, Canada
2801:M. Rowe
2791:S. Côté
2745:S. Côté
2699:S. Côté
2653:S. Côté
1795:P. Cory
1778:1998–99
1749:P. Cory
1727:1997–98
1703:P. Cory
1676:1992–97
1652:P. Cory
1625:1991–92
1606:P. Cory
1574:1990–91
1518:P. Cory
1472:P. Cory
1218:Dickson
384:-based
201:on the
56:of the
1084:
542:life.
382:Geneva
360:dictum
283:about
207:Quebec
152:Quebec
1566:Lamer
749:LexUM
431:Baker
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1912:The
1564:The
1216:The
1129:2017
1082:ISBN
1061:2017
1025:2017
993:2017
957:2017
929:2017
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868:2017
836:2017
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762:2017
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471:LGBT
132:Born
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190:GOQ
169:LLB
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