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277:, by taking charge of them in the capacity of a charitable organization. Stauffer's apartment became a hub for the smuggling effort and she kept numerous outfits to serve as disguises for Nazis. Her supply was considerable; her nephew described each room as "filled with dozens of pairs of boots, shirts, jackets, trousers, socks and gloves". She is estimated to have aided 800 Nazis in their escape to Spain, including figures such as
179:. She was already a prominent figure in Madrid by 1931 due to her athletic accomplishments as one of the city's first female athletes, where she excelled in swimming and skiing. Stauffer won a swimming competition in 1931 by crossing the Peñalara lagoon in under two minutes, and in 1938 she was the first woman to attempt the
266:. The Spanish government tacitly endorsed the operation but advised them not to heavily publicize or formalize their work. Over the following years, she worked to hide and find employment for Nazis escaping to Spain, and she became involved with the ratlines that smuggled Nazis to Argentina. Her work was primarily funded by
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repatriation list of 104 individuals in Spain wanted for their involvement in Nazi crimes. She was the only woman on the list, and she was responsible for sheltering many of the others. She maintained a working relationship with the
Spanish government, which permitted her activities and prevented her
187:. She failed to complete the latter event, but at one point achieved a speed of 65.59 miles per hour (105.56 km/h). To maintain her athletic prowess, she insisted on walking wherever she traversed the city. Besides athletics, she was also multilingual and was able to play the piano.
302:. The interview was allegedly about her work in assisting refugees, but it was coupled with an anonymous statement from a Nazi, signed "Rodak", explaining that her refugees were exclusively Nazis escaping from justice. Two years later, her name was included on the
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after he immigrated to Spain in 1889. Her mother was Clara Sofía Loewe, a member of the prominent Loewe family. Stauffer spent some of her childhood in
Germany, while also spending time among Madrid's
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Stauffer lived in Madrid for the rest of life, where she was a prominent member of the city's social life. She died in Madrid on 4 October 1984. She was a main character in the
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255:, among other high-ranking Nazis. Stauffer and Faupel are believed to have collaborated regularly after this, particularly in their work protecting Nazis.
202:, Stauffer worked as Sección Femenina's chief propagandist and was responsible for its press. She suggested "Auxilio Invierno" as the original name of the
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159:. After the war, she was one of the most prominent smugglers of Nazi fugitives, giving them shelter in Spain and arranging their travel to Argentina.
147:. She served as its chief propagandist and later as its head of foreign affairs. She was involved with the group's efforts to strengthen ties between
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In 1943, Stauffer accompanied Pilar Primo de Rivera to
Germany on a mission to strengthen relations between Germany and Spain. On this trip, she met
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541:"Beyond War Crimes: Denazification, 'Obnoxious' Germans and US Policy in Franco's Spain after the Second World War"
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Much of her work involved securing the release of Nazis who were imprisoned in Spain, such as those at the
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on the wall in her office. The same year, she published a book about the Sección
Femenina.
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Stauffer's activities became publicly known on 23 January 1945, after
British journalist
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Hunting Evil: The Nazi War
Criminals Who Escaped and the Quest to Bring Them to Justice
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in 1904. Her father was Konrad
Stauffer, a German brewer that had taken charge of the
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Spain, the Second World War, and the
Holocaust: History and Representation
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Stauffer moved back to Spain permanently in 1936. She was a member of the
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charity organization during the
Spanish Civil War, naming it after the
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419:"Odessa en la Sierra Madrileña: la historia de Clara Stauffer"
381:[Clarita Stauffer, the lady who hid Nazis in Spain].
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Spaniards and Nazi
Germany: Collaboration in the New Order
379:"Clarita Stauffer, la dama que escondía nazis en España"
212:, both translating to "Winter Aid". Stauffer supported
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216:and political leaders, keeping large portraits of
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602:Brenneis, Sara J.; Herrmann, Gina (2020).
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143:, a women's Falangist group, during the
749:Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
709:Spanish collaborators with Nazi Germany
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311:. In 1948, Stauffer was afflicted with
296:published an interview with her in the
636:[Clarita and her 800 Nazis].
632:Constenla, Tereixa (27 August 2017).
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377:García, Javier Martín (2 July 2020).
131:(1904–October 4, 1984) was a Spanish
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139:operator. She was a member of the
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429:from the original on 28 June 2023
270:, a German–Spanish businessman.
729:Spanish people of German descent
515:. University of Missouri Press.
163:Early life and Spanish Civil War
608:. University of Toronto Press.
329:Los pacientes del doctor García
194:and a close ally of its leader
754:Women in the Spanish Civil War
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548:Contemporary European History
339:in its television adaptation
260:end of World War II in Europe
29:Spanish Falangist (1904–1984)
539:Messenger, David A. (2011).
222:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
739:Spanish political activists
479:. Crown. pp. 133–137.
335:, and she was portrayed by
167:Clara Stauffer was born in
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734:20th-century Spanish women
634:"Clarita y sus 800 nazis"
560:10.1017/S0960777311000488
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509:Bowen, Wayne H. (2000).
744:Spanish women activists
304:Allied Control Council
275:Sobron internment camp
769:Spanish propagandists
759:Women in Nazi Germany
473:Walters, Guy (2010).
196:Pilar Primo de Rivera
50:Clara Stauffer (1931)
764:Nazi propagandists
724:People from Madrid
714:Spanish Falangists
325:historical fiction
268:Johannes Bernhardt
236:Nazi collaboration
214:far-right politics
615:978-1-4875-3251-2
522:978-0-8262-6282-0
486:978-0-307-59248-4
423:Contexto y Acción
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675:. Retrieved
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177:high society
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157:World War II
153:Nazi Germany
137:Nazi ratline
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107:Organization
86:(1984-10-04)
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704:1984 deaths
699:1904 births
337:Eva Llorach
309:extradition
249: [
209:Winterhilfe
204:Nationalist
97:Nationality
693:Categories
554:(4): 473.
347:References
258:After the
185:St. Moritz
584:159528003
568:0960-7773
264:José Boos
244:diplomat
133:Falangist
121:Falangism
644:Archived
576:41238374
427:Archived
313:pleurisy
117:Movement
677:28 June
671:El País
650:1 April
639:El Pais
433:28 June
389:1 April
101:Spanish
61: (
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327:novel
285:, and
228:, and
169:Madrid
70:Madrid
580:S2CID
572:JSTOR
544:(PDF)
253:]
74:Spain
679:2023
652:2023
610:ISBN
564:ISSN
517:ISBN
481:ISBN
435:2023
391:2023
242:Nazi
151:and
135:and
81:Died
63:1904
59:1904
56:Born
556:doi
331:by
155:in
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