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of objects, then extend it to make a new class called a set class where the duplication of objects is eliminated. Now, a function that takes an object of the bag class may expect that adding two objects increases the size of a bag by two, yet if one passes an object of a set class, then adding two
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because a child class and a parent class inherit a person class but class-based languages mostly do not allow to change the kind of class of the object at runtime. For class-based languages, this restriction is essential in order to preserve unified view of the class to its users. The users should
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of the class. Such changes can be made by destroying the object and constructing another in its place. Polymorphism can be used to preserve the relevant interfaces even when such changes are done, because the objects are viewed as black box abstractions and accessed via object
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of the class, which is useful because it allows the implementation of a class of objects to be changed for aspects not exposed in the interface without impact to user code. The definitions of encapsulation focus on the grouping and packaging of related information
208:, with the addition of method pointers, member access control, and an implicit data member which locates instances of the class (i.e., objects of the class) in the class hierarchy (essential for runtime inheritance features).
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objects may or may not increase the size of a bag by two. The problem arises precisely because subclassing implies subtyping even in the instances where the principle of subtyping, known as the
323:, have been criticized for mixing up implementations and interfaces—the essential principle in object-oriented programming. The critics say one might create a bag class that stores a
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Thus, normally one must distinguish subtyping and subclassing. Most current object-oriented languages distinguish subtyping and subclassing, however some approaches to design do not.
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The most popular and developed model of OOP is a class-based model, instead of an object-based model. In this model, objects are entities that combine
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The defining feature of inheritance is that both interface and implementation are inherited; if only interface is inherited, this is known as
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not need to care whether one of the implementations of a method happens to cause changes that break the
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introduced the class abstraction, the canonical example of a class-based language is
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while if a child class can have more than one parent class, this is known as
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Style of object-oriented programming where inheritance is based on classes
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Also, another common example is that a person object created from a
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formulated the principle succinctly in a 1994 paper as follows:
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Inheritance can also be done without classes, as in
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311:Class-based languages, or, to be more precise,
250:of existing classes: the existing class is the
666:"Subtyping, Subclassing, and Trouble with OOP"
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592:Category:Class-based programming languages
791:Programming in the large and in the small
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204:of that class. An object is similar to a
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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380:be a property provable about objects
7:
688:"A set cannot be a subtype of a bag"
58:adding citations to reliable sources
246:is done by defining new classes as
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219:prevents users from breaking the
1335:Partitioned global address space
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228:) rather than security issues.
45:needs additional citations for
1577:Types of programming languages
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272:This organizes classes into a
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330:Liskov substitution principle
1709:Programming paradigms navbox
862:Uniform Function Call Syntax
645:Class (computer programming)
242:In class-based programming,
1727:Object-oriented programming
1330:Parallel programming models
1304:Concurrent constraint logic
634:Prototype-based programming
568:cannot become an object of
461:should be true for objects
301:prototype-based programming
288:(if multiple inheritance).
282:(if single inheritance) or
159:prototype-based programming
141:object-oriented programming
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1423:Metalinguistic abstraction
1290:Automatic mutual exclusion
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1295:Choreographic programming
254:and the new class is the
69:"Class-based programming"
1345:Relativistic programming
452:{\displaystyle \phi (y)}
371:{\displaystyle \phi (x)}
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740:Comparison by language
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147:occurs via defining
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954:Expression-oriented
908:Partial application
686:Ducasse, Stéphane.
345:Subtype Requirement
319:is the only way of
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548:{\displaystyle T}
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1171:Page description
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1131:Grammar-oriented
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1047:Constraint logic
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963:Concatenative
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110:February 2013
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
41:
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32:
31:
19:
1712:}}
1706:{{
1701:}}
1695:{{
1690:}}
1684:{{
1510:Event-driven
914:Higher-order
842:Object-based
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691:. Retrieved
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669:. Retrieved
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570:parent class
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1606:Interpreted
1520:Intentional
1500:Data-driven
1482:of concerns
1441:Inferential
1428:Multi-stage
1408:Interactive
1285:Actor-based
1272:distributed
1215:Stack-based
1015:Synchronous
972:Value-level
959:Applicative
876:Declarative
834:Class-based
622:Objective-C
566:child class
317:subclassing
276:, either a
256:child class
244:inheritance
238:Inheritance
232:Inheritance
145:inheritance
18:Class-based
1638:Generation
1618:High-level
1495:Components
1480:Separation
1455:Reflective
1449:by example
1393:Extensible
1267:Concurrent
1243:Production
1230:Templating
1210:Simulation
1195:Scientific
1115:Spacecraft
1043:Constraint
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