605:- in other words, the administration of postwar France by British and American military personnel. The head of the MMLA, supported by representatives from not yet created government ministries, had to ensure the security of civilian populations, reorganise health provision in each territorial sector as it was liberated, deal with reanimating hospitals and to prepare to address the housing needs of displaced persons. It had to attend to provision of essential supplies directly following liberation, the installation of civil administration and take the first steps to restore a civilian police force and internal security more generally. Ensuring the viability of basic communications channels was another urgent responsibility.
666:). Hettier de Boislambert was one of these, and he became the group's leader in the assembly. As soon as he was nominated an assembly member he left the MMLA: its work was done. As an influential assembly member he joined its Commission for Colonies and its Finances Commission. The assembly also appointed him Reporter for the Colonies Budget, responsible for presenting to fellow assembly members the budgetary proposals and controls proposed by the government, and for facilitating discussion and where appropriate amendments in respect of colonial budgetary matters. It was another high-level liaison role.
906:
won 121 of the 625 seats in the parliament, which was more than the number of seats won by any other individual party. Nevertheless, the other parties were unanimous over rejecting the idea of giving significantly increased political power to any president, so the RPF was excluded from government coalitions during
Hettier de Boislambert's time as a parliamentarian. His status as an opposition member of the assembly permitted him a degree of independent action that might have been harder to achieve if he had become a member of a government.
910:
accordingly involved in several overseas missions. He was tasked with drawing up the general report of the latter commission, following their enquiry into the application in overseas territories of French social legislation and the French labour code. He was also able to undertake a large number of study visits to Africa on behalf of the national assembly which deepened his already profound knowledge of the continent. It was also consistent with his background and interests that he took a particular interest in the
492:. The attempt failed, however. Hettier de Boislambert was given charge of the land-based support operation for the Franco-British landing which in the end had to be aborted. After five days at liberty during which he was able to piece back together many of the resistance elements which had been disrupted during the operation, he was himself one of the two resistance leaders captured in the jungle by Pro-Vichy forces on 30 September 1940. There followed long weeks of interrogation in prisons at
258:. After that, according to one source, he worked as a journalist. Other sources focus on what might be interpreted as a more self-indulgent life-style. By the time he graduated he had inherited sufficient wealth to lead a quasi-aristocratic existence, involving much sport and extensive foreign travel in central Africa where it is reported that he carried out "ethnographic research", in Scandinavia, in central Europe and in the middle-east. His favourite sport was hunting (
1061:. On 13 May Hettier de Boislambert again refused, "on behalf of his friends", to accord confidence to the government. On 25 May 1954 he was appointed by the Commission for Overseas Territories to membership of the coordinating committee for examining the country's problems associated with Indochina. Then on 12 June 1954 he again refused to give his confidence to the government, and was thereby instrumental in its collapse. Accordingly, he backed the installation of
952:, voting against the composition of the government on 11 August 1951. The next month he backed what became known as the "Marie and Barangé laws", which provided for financial support for children educated in private schools and was bitterly opposed by left wingers and by secularists. (Most of the private schools affected were church schools.) On 13 December 1952 he voted against parliamentary endorsement of the treaty which confirmed French membership of the
409:. On 19 June 1940 Claude Hettier de Boislambert became the first French officer to offer his services to France's self-appointed wartime resistance leader in London. He was invited to participate in the construction of the general's first staff team and join his first "cabinet". Before the war Hettier de Boislambert had come to know Africa well thanks to his regular hunting trips. De Gaulle now teamed him up with resistance commanders
738:
British, nor indeed the
Germans would accept such a development. There were indeed plenty of influential voices within the French political establishment opposed to the unified Rheinland-Pfalz project. Hettier de Boislambert himself stated that the differing historical traditions of the former Prussian and Bavarian provinces involved were so disparate that he could foresee no prospect that such a territorial amalgamation would endure.
1057:, which is challenged". He refused to express confidence in the government. "As we think with anguish about our wounded, about the ones who are fighting, about the hardships they undergo, many of us will answer 'no' when asked to express confidence ". He added, "It is the glory of our military that allows for an honorable negotiation which cannot in any way ... be seen as a capitulation". The next day the fighting stopped at
389:. As France fell, he resolved to continue the fight, which meant crossing to Britain, which he did accompanied by those officers and sub-officers who had been fighting under his command who now volunteered to follow him. They travelled on a liner/troop ship that the English had sent to pick up Polish troops who had been fighting in France against the German invasion, having fled the
930:) to replace the patchwork of administrative and regulatory structures governing hunting in different parts of France. On 22 July 1953 he proposed a resolution inviting the government to enforce the implementation of an old-age pension system for the self-employed. He also intervened in support of victims of the coastal floods that breached the dykes of the
1022:, Hettier de Boislambert called for certain additional safeguards: to be sure, "stability and government continuity indispensable", but it could not be possible to impose them at too high a price. He decided to abstain in the vote following the debate. He also abstained on 4 June 1953 in the vote to back the prime ministerial appointment of
816:, and although he had by this time resigned the French presidency, The General remained a formidable focus of political power. Hettier de Boislambert took the opportunity of the greeting to General KĆnig, which took place in Mainz, to deliver a shamelessly Gaullist speech setting out a vision for a future Europe united in Christian faith.
584:'s attendance was deemed essential by the US and British leaderships, and de Gaulle was determined that if he attended he would do so on his own terms. He arrived accompanied by Claude Hettier de Boislambert whose presence the general evidently thought would be useful. That was quickly followed by a succession of missions to the
536:. After approximately nine months of pre-trial detention, it was at Gannat that Claude Hettier de Boislambert faced a court martial on 13 June 1941. The death sentence which the court conferred on him was immediately commuted to "forced labour in perpetuity". Initially he was now taken to another prison, this time in
1094:
were calling the shots with the
Vietnamese at a time when there should be a pulling together to confront the main danger presented by the communism in the north of the territory. He maintained that everything being done by the French government in Indochina was only encouraging communism, "the main
1081:
in which more than two thirds of participating voters had backed union with West
Germany in preference to remaining in economic union with France. As for the deteriorating conditions in North Africa, the situation called for a policy of firmness in place of the dithering which, till that point, had
905:
in order to campaign for a presidential constitution. De Gaulle observed the political status quo of the 1930s and 1940s and concluded that the parliamentary system, which he characterised as "the regime of the parties" did not permit the operation of a strong and efficient state. In 1951 the RPF
863:
between 1947 and 1954. In 1951 the governor of
Rheinland-Pfalz was in receipt of a recommendation from the government in Paris that he should take a holiday in order to be able to continue in post over the medium and longer term. Hettier de Boislambert was by now increasingly out of sympathy with
925:
Claude
Hettier de Boislambert served as a member of the National Assembly between 1951 and 1956. It would not give a complete picture to indicate that his only concern during this time was with foreign and overseas matters. He submitted numerous motions for resolutions or legislation on domestic
900:
received 61,249 of the 199,487 votes recorded, which translated into two seats in the assembly. Hettier de
Boislambert's name was at the top of the party list for the department, so one of the seats went to him. The RPF had been launched a couple of years earlier as a national political party by
694:
represented approximately 50% of the German territory that came under French control in 1945. Hettier de
Boislambert had a superficial but usable knowledge of the German language and proven inter-personal diplomatic skills. He was evidently in agreement with de Gaulle's insistence that he should
1076:
On 26 October 1955 Claude
Hettier de Boislambert participated in the discussion of arrests and more generally the policy of the Edgar Faure government. He described himself as "a convinced supporter of the need for governmental stability and a just distribution of powers and responsibilities".
608:
The massive scope and diversity of the MMLA mission presented formidable challenges, but it was in large part successfully accomplished, despite the difficulties inherent in the wartime conditions and frequent instances of irritation or incomprehension on the part of allied military commanders and
732:
resulted from
British and American plans formulated before those countries' leaderships had accepted and thought through the need to include France as one of the powers occupying Germany. There are indications that more recently it has become apparent from re-evaluations of the records that the
703:
the British and American occupation zones would be administered in line with broadly parallel objectives. The French occupation zone was always administered with more than half an eye on the strategic vision of a more co-operative future between European states than had been achieved during the
384:
is nevertheless remembered for the speed with which German forces were able to use their air superiority and pioneer new motorised warfare techniques to capture the northern part of the country. German armies entered Paris on 14 June 1940 and the French government signed an armistice a few days
997:
masks an essential continuity in Hettier de Boislambert's six year parliamentary career, since each of the three parties was, in is different way, the de facto Gaulliste party of the moment, albeit operating within a parliamentary constitutional structure which the Gaullistes repudiated. On 6
909:
As an assembly member with extensive overseas experience it was not surprising that Hettier de Boislambert became a member of its Foreign Affairs standing commission. From 1954 he was also a member of the standing commission for Overseas Territories (as colonies were now designated). He was
737:
came from within the French government. There were some who thought this might facilitate a future transfer of the entire territory to France, fulfilling a strategic vision dating back to at least as far back as the time of Napoleon. It was always apparent that neither the Americans nor the
1010:. He never concealed the fact that his voting actions were driven by his continuing and absolute backing for constitutional reform, and on this point he had been encouraged by undertakings that Reynaud was understood to have provided. However, Reynaud was a committed proponent of
715:
states of Germany, some of which during the nineteenth century had been administered from Berlin as Prussian states and one of which had been administered from Munich as a semi-detached corner of Bavaria. In 1946 the entire territory was relaunched as the single German state of
544:. At the end of 1942 he managed to escape, probably from a labour gang, which ended a period of detention that by now had extended to approximately 26 months. He spent a couple of months living "underground" (unregistered) in France and was then returned to the presence of
315:
from the other side on 17 September 1939. The French army was more active closer to home, however, and Claude Hettier de Boislambert was called up in September 1939 as part of a generalised mobilisation: he was to serve as a cavalry lieutenant. Immediately he was sent to
617:, and as each city and town was liberated from German occupation, it would be the MMLA officers or indeed their chief who would be among the first whom the populations would be able to identify. Claude Hettier de Boislambert, personally, was among the first to enter
649:
in September 1943 at a time when France was still under German occupation. It reflected his determination that as the Germans were beaten back there should be no hint of a power vacuum in France that British or US generals might be tempted to fill with some kind of
601:). The purpose was to establish and harmonise relations between allied forces and liberated civilian populations. It was in reality the core element in support of a larger objective on the part of de Gaulle, to block Anglo-American plans for the establishment of
361:. Because of the way the battle lines had moved this now involved crossing enemy lines as the German invasion forces continued their push towards the sea. Hettier de Boislambert rejoined the French army at the Somme frontline on 20 May 1940.
1014:, and his advocacy of a European army quickly irritated Hettier de Boislambert. He insisted that Reynaud's presentation of a choice between a European army and a German army offered a false dilemma. Drawing on his experiences as Governor of
728:) of the new state, though in most sources the title of "governor", which he retained, continued to be the title used at least till 1949. It has traditionally been thought that the territorial amalgamations that led to the creation of
1608:
835:
which emphasized the importance of avoiding a political system in which the political moderate centre was fragmented into several rival parties. He was also responsible for authorizing the relaunch in his state of what became the
324:
which took place from eastern France in September/October 1939, his reconnaissance group was one of the first to undertake some of the many patrols that the French army high command ordered in the occupied Saarland, notably in the
596:
Promoted by the general to the rank of lieutenant colonel, Hettier de Boislambert was given the delicate but critical mandate to create, organize and command the Mission militaire française de liaison administrative (MMLA,
269:
On 16 January 1928 Claude Hettier de Boislambert, whose father had died two years earlier, married the heiress Solange de Maleville in what was described as "a very elegant ceremony in the Chapel of Beaulieu-Siorac" in the
848:. At the end of his life, in reviewing this aspect of his time as governor in an autobiographical piece, Hettier de Boislambert would nevertheless assert provocatively that he himself had never been much of a democrat!
609:
officers. The achievements of the MMLA reflected the care and skill of its leader and of the officers whom he had carefully recruited, indoctrinated, trained and brought to operational readiness. As the allied armies
438:
162:
964:
party began to break apart under the pressure of its own internal contradictions, Hettier de Boislambert did not join the 27 party members in the assembly who voted on 6 March 1952 to support the appointment as
1638:
768:. Within in a couple of months the two of them had agreed denazification measures for those priests identified as being in need. He also teamed up with Bornewasser to promote the credentials of
914:, a structure intended to replace the old French colonial system which was developed during the early 1950s. In 1954 he accepted nomination to join a commission to study questions involving the
1648:
804:. In the end Trier lost out to Mainz, although a few decades later, in 1970, the University of Trier would indeed be re-established. In 1948 Hettier de Boislambert delivered the formal
1603:
368:(generally identified in English-language sources as the Battle of Abbeville) between 27 May and 4 June 1940, and then in a succession of smaller "delaying actions", first alongside the
629:, he was wounded, as he struggled to be among the first to enter the city so as to be able to release the French men and women who had been imprisoned by the Germans in the city jail.
1623:
337:
After this he became a liaison officer with the British, serving on 1st Division of Cuirassiers which was part of a multi-national combined military operation that also included the
548:
in London. The return involved what one source describes as "an aerial operation in the region of Clermont-Ferrand", which was undertaken during the night of 14/15 January 1943.
1065:
as prime minister, backing his investiture and his Indochina policy. He supported Général Aumeran in the vote of 30 August 1954 which effectively rejected, without a debate, the
345:). The anticipated German invasion of Belgium and Luxembourg was eventually launched on 10 May 1940. Hettier de Boislambert took part with a tank unit in the fighting around
651:
602:
1066:
1019:
1593:
985:, effectively released the party's members in the assembly from their residual bonds of party loyalty and Hettier de Boislambert threw in his lot with the short-lived
1598:
776:
had been closed in 1798, when - as between 1945 and 1951 - the city had been under French military control.) There were rival bids for university investment from
504:, but sources insist that these sessions left his interlocutors and their Vichy bosses none the wiser about the resistance activities in which he had been engaged.
1077:
He denounced afresh the governmental instability and criticized the policy of a cabinet which led France to retreat and isolation, evidenced by the disappointing
341:, and which had been assembled to defend France's northern frontier against a possible German attack through Belgium (as had happened in 1914 at the start of the
1090:
and denounced the election rigging: "The referendum was held in conditions that would be comical if the situation were not so serious". He suggested that the
675:
1018:
he pointed out that the West German "without us" reaction to the idea of a European army was not a cry of cowardice but a cry of prudence. In respect of the
896:
party. The 1951 parliamentary election was conducted according to a list-based system of proportional representation system. In the Manche department the
1633:
445:
had become the strategic centre of Free French activities in Africa, but that was only achieved after several months of fighting against forces backing the
1643:
1588:
338:
1171:
1618:
1613:
1119:
general election represented a popular endorsement, by a sufficient albeit far from overwhelming majority, for a return to national leadership by
986:
122:
1628:
1465:
1162:. The Grand Chancellor remained in post till 1978, however. He did not view the role simply as a sinecure. He oversaw a restoration of
990:
832:
372:
where the Germans were fighting to capture a series of critical bridges before defenders could blow them up, and then further to the west in
126:
390:
746:
expressed similar views. Nevertheless, with the Paris government increasingly uniting on the issue, the creation of the unified state of
1073:. On 4 February 1955 he again backed the government over its policy in North Africa (though the government nevertheless lost the vote).
1127:
which gave the president very significantly increased executive powers. Claude Hettier de Boislambert had been a regular traveller to
1086:
again shared his doubts on the French government's Indochina policy. He gave vent to his mistrust of the Vietnamese political leader,
1042:
654:
driven from London and Washington. The Provisional Consultative Assembly was expanded between December 1943 and November 1944 as the
841:
1178:
953:
915:
638:
682:. He took up the appointment with effect from 1 December 1945. The division of the western two thirds of postwar Germany into
1116:
1100:
885:
414:
296:
837:
465:
control. The success of the mission provided the allies with the means to deliver desperately needed fighter aircraft to the
1154:. His mandate would be renewed four times. The only higher rank in the order was that of Grand Master, which was held by
1190:
784:, but the bishop and Hettier de Boislambert were able to insist on the superior strategic position of Trier in relation to
687:
580:
at which, almost for the first time, western leaders were able to plan seriously for an end to the war on allied terms.
1271:
1527:
1170:
in which he installed, in 1967, the Chancellry of the Order of Liberation. In 1970 he and his wife Odette created the
1158:
himself. After the general died in November 1970 the council of the order determined that there could be no successor
1078:
1058:
1050:
982:
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since the late summer of 1942. On the allied side, the US military had been lining up alongside the British since the
263:
274:
region. The bride's beautiful satin dress by the couturier Henriette Boudreau did not go unremarked in news reports.
201:. From 1960 his contribution to public life was made, principally, as a member of the diplomatic service, notably in
466:
994:
978:
961:
897:
893:
869:
845:
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quickly became more stark, and subsequently were of greater interest to western commentators and most historians.)
194:
190:
114:
98:
1501:
1379:
1150:
On 22 August 1962 the Général appointed Claude Hettier de Boislambert to the position of Grand Chancellor of the
474:
174:
312:
185:, he served between 1946 and 1951 as governor of the region that during his period in office was reconfigured as
178:
1037:
On 6 May 1954 and again on 13 May, Claude Hettier de Boislambert effectively challenged the government over its
564:. By the time of his escape from custody, just over two years later, the Nazi-Soviet pact had been upended in
461:
under extremely difficult conditions and managed to capture five or seven large cargo ships which now passed to
1091:
999:
966:
942:
761:
585:
442:
418:
357:. Then he was ordered to rejoin the main French army which was consolidating a defensive frontline along the
300:
973:. He chose to abstain in the vote to approve the composition of the Pinay government. Shortly after this
350:
1186:
1062:
1031:
1023:
824:
700:
683:
182:
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Biographie extraite du dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1940 à 1958 (La documentation française)
1124:
864:
the government in Paris. He interpreted the suggestion that he take a holiday as an invitation from the
705:
573:
462:
202:
1204:
1182:
577:
223:
50:
1070:
809:
724:. The French military governor, Claude Hettier de Boislambert, now became "General Representative" (
425:. They embarked on 6 August 1940. Their objective was to rally the French colonial forces to back
1583:
1578:
1428:
1015:
949:
828:
820:
747:
743:
734:
729:
717:
610:
576:
at the end of 1941. Hettier de Boislambert's return to de Gaulle's side coincided the start of the
569:
565:
1340:
993:. The fact that he was a member successively of three parties during his time as a member of the
948:
on 24 July 1951. He was nevertheless open in his hostility to attempts to govern with a so-called
1151:
1038:
1011:
773:
365:
1475:
1435:. Bezirksverband Pfalz, Kaiserslautern (Institut fĂŒr pfĂ€lzische Geschichte und Volkskunde / IPGV)
711:
The French occupation zone identified as the Rhineland corresponded to more than one of the pre-
489:
292:
1128:
1103:, held six months ahead of schedule after the government had lost a confidence vote. From the
812:, the French army commander in the occupation zone. Both men were close political allies of
434:
1177:
He caused particular consternation among members of the Gaulliste old-guard at the time of the
989:
party which was in some respects a successor to the RPF. As the URAS dissolved he joined the
1461:
1455:
1155:
1132:
1120:
974:
902:
856:
813:
789:
659:
642:
581:
545:
426:
402:
247:
170:
166:
87:
827:. Hettier de Boislambert approved the creation of the Christian Democratic Party (CDP) in
742:, who went on to serve for 22 years as Minister President (head of the state government) in
561:
529:
521:
381:
326:
304:
219:
46:
1405:
1548:
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since the 1920s and had acquired a profound knowledge of the continent. On 14 June 1960
712:
481:
354:
342:
186:
93:
859:
in January 1946. Eleven different men served a prime minister during the presidency of
235:
945:
865:
860:
739:
540:, where conditions were particularly harsh. Later he was taken back to the prison at
410:
321:
1159:
823:, and a return to an appropriate form of democracy was a priority in all four of the
353:
in which French and British forces attempted to resist the German advance towards the
320:
to take part as leader of a horse-back platoon in a reconnaissance group. During the
1572:
1163:
1087:
1027:
1003:
970:
926:
business. On 27 June 1952 he proposed a law to create a "national hunting permit" (
805:
537:
501:
386:
358:
1528:"Das Forstamt Adenau liegt im Nordwesten von Rheinland-Pfalz im Landkreis Ahrweiler"
855:, especially following the resignation as chairman of the provisional government of
480:
Hettier de Boislambert was now promoted to the rank of squadron leader ahead of the
262:). He was also a landowner, and by 1939 was running a well-managed farm-estate at
1054:
1007:
931:
911:
557:
513:
500:
during which he faced, among others, the Vichy-appointed colonial governor general
458:
446:
430:
1185:(who came a very distant third) but to the intellectually assertive young upstart
697:"Und vergessen Sie nicht, daà man Europa ohne Deutschland nicht bauen können wird"
1053:. Because it is our presence in Asia, the structure and cohesion of the entire
941:
comrade that Hettier de Boislambert merely abstained in the investiture vote for
405:, whom he had come across during the fighting in northern France, was already on
1201:
1096:
1049:. He said, "The problems we face are even more serious than the barbed wire of
938:
868:
government to resign. He resigned in April 1951 and stood for election to the
757:: as his "hunting park" he used the "Forstamt Adenau" (now a nature reserve).
655:
622:
251:
1386:. Landesbibliothekszentrum, Rheinische Landesbibliothek, Koblenz. 11 July 2006
797:
754:
704:
1920s and ill-starred 1930s. (Differences between the western zones and the
556:
When Hettier de Boislambert was captured in September 1940 many believed that
981:
from his lofty position above and beyond the political fray from his home in
1095:
beneficiary from your government's attitudes", as he accused Prime Minister
1046:
753:
On his appointment Hettier de Boislambert took up residence near Koblenz in
691:
679:
625:. It was therefore not entirely surprising that on 2 August 1944, outside
517:
288:
1135:
appointed him Ambassador and High Representative to the newly reconfigured
998:
January 1953 Hettier de Boislambert voted in support of the appointment as
488:
from the pro-German Vichy French administration of what was then known as
385:
later. By 16 June 1940 Claude Hettier de Boislambert was at the port of
801:
695:"never forget that without Germany we will not be able to build Europe" (
614:
454:
449:. Hettier de Boislambert took command responsibilities successively in
422:
377:
373:
317:
308:
271:
231:
1144:
851:
The later 1940s and 1950s were a period of political discontinuity for
793:
785:
646:
218:
Claude André Charles Antoine Marie Hettier de Boislambert was born at
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1083:
889:
852:
831:
on 16 January 1946. Almost immediately the CDP was rebranded as the
777:
626:
541:
525:
497:
450:
406:
346:
76:
54:
1609:
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
1197:
1140:
1034:
later led him to withdraw his support from the Laniel government.
781:
769:
765:
686:
had been agreed between the wartime allies well before the actual
533:
493:
485:
369:
255:
230:
into an upper-middle-class family with long roots in this part of
72:
1341:"Claude André Charles Antoine Hettier de Boislambert 1906 - 1986"
1041:. He stressed the interconnectedness of question involving the
568:
and the German army had been haemorrhaging men and capability at
1006:, and on 27 May 1953 he took part in the investiture debate for
658:
progressed, notably through the appointment of an additional 16
618:
303:
reacted by declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, albeit
227:
161:(26 July 1906 - 22 February 1986) came to prominence during the
599:
literally, "French military mission for administrative liaison"
243:
152:
Henriette Marie ThérÚse Joséphine Anne de Bonneval (1881-1968)
1107:
department Claude Hettier de Boislambert as not re-elected.
876:
in the general election that took place three months later.
678:
appointed Claude Hettier de Boislambert as Governor of the
1181:
when he gave his support not to the Gaulliste candidate,
1139:. After its dissolution he served French ambassador to
760:
He quickly established close contacts with the venerable
33:
Claude André Charles Antoine Marie Hettier de Boislambert
1082:
been the government reaction. Finally the member from
733:
principal push for the creation of the unified state of
150:
André Claude Auguste Hettier de Boislambert (1872-1926)
937:
It was presumably out of personal regard for a former
641:
was in effect a nominated pre-parliament, launched by
888:
to the national assembly as a representative for the
664:"Représentants de la Résistance extra-métropolitaine"
1639:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939â1945 (France)
1427:
Dr. Rainer Hudemann, SaarbrĂŒcken (10 January 2006).
880:
National Assembly membership and the Fourth Republic
484:
to capture the strategically important port city of
1460:. University of South Carolina Press. p. 232.
1408:. BibliothĂšque nationale de France. 19 January 1928
603:
Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories
146:
132:
110:
83:
61:
28:
21:
1020:treaty establishing the European Defence Community
934:in his home department during the spring of 1954.
662:representatives from outside metropolitan France (
1026:. By way of contrast, he voted in support of
1604:Members of the Provisional Consultative Assembly
1554:. Les AmitiĂ©s de la RĂ©sistance. pp. 107â121
1433:Vor 60 Jahren: Franzosen grĂŒnden Rheinland-Pfalz
1649:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
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1258:
1256:
1254:
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1242:
1624:Free French military personnel of World War II
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1299:
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1293:
1099:on 2 January 1956. That was the date of the
800:and the economically (and politically) vital
8:
1380:"Hettier De Boislambert, Claude / 1906-1986"
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
329:sector adjacent to the Luxembourg frontier.
884:In June 1951 Claude Hettier de Boislambert
441:with German backing. By the end of 1940
18:
1111:Diplomacy and the Order if the Liberation
840:and for the re-establishment of both the
1594:French Calvinist and Reformed Christians
163:German occupation of France in the 1940s
1218:
490:French West Africa (modern-day Senegal)
1599:Rally of the French People politicians
1483:
1473:
1384:Rheinland-PfÀlzische Personendatenbank
1196:Claude Hettier de Boislambert died in
7:
1032:deteriorating situation in Indochina
512:He was then transferred to mainland
401:On reaching England he learned that
305:without becoming militarily involved
136:1. Solange de Maleville (1909-2000)
1634:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
1549:"Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération"
1429:"Franzosen grĂŒnden Rheinland-Pfalz"
956:"European Coal and Steel Community"
918:"European Coal and Steel Community"
819:Germany had abandoned democracy in
528:(a small town in the hills between
1644:Recipients of the Resistance Medal
1454:Johnson Hagood (5 December 2012).
1200:in 1986. His body was buried at
14:
1589:People from Calvados (department)
1172:Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
892:department under the flag of the
684:four military zones of occupation
639:Provisional Consultative Assembly
516:where he was imprisoned first at
183:Germany under military occupation
1619:Ambassadors of France to Senegal
1614:Members of Parliament for Manche
1502:"Boislambert, Claude Hettier de"
1278:. MusĂ©e lâOrdre de la LibĂ©ration
1276:1038 Compagnons de la Libération
1043:European Defence Community (CED)
950:Third Force coalition government
833:Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
1406:"Figaro: journal non politique"
1272:"Claude Hettier de Boislambert"
234:. He successfully passed his
142:2. Odette Duvivier (1906-1971)
1347:. l'Assemblée Nationale, Paris
977:, who continued to direct the
266:(between Caen and Cherbourg).
189:. Subsequently, he became a
1:
1193:(who - very narrowly - won).
842:Social Democratic Party (SPD)
772:as a university city. (The
159:Claude Hettier de Boislambert
23:Claude Hettier de Boislambert
1629:Companions of the Liberation
1079:1955 Saar referendum results
701:allied occupation of Germany
482:attempt on 23 September 1940
477:as a result of this action.
252:Institut d'Ătudes Politiques
928:"permis national de chasse"
838:Free Democratic Party (FDP)
457:. He took the command at
339:British Expeditionary Force
295:on 1 September 1939. The
175:Companion of the Liberation
1665:
1179:1974 presidential election
1067:European Defence Community
475:Compagnon de la Libération
307:in Poland, even after the
283:Before the German invasion
214:Provenance and early years
991:Social Republicans (CNRS)
983:Colombey-les-Deux-Ăglises
322:brief invasion of Germany
1191:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1168:Robert de Cotte Pavilion
1030:'s appointment, but the
674:On 15 November 1945 the
508:Vichy justice and escape
473:. He was later made a
443:French Equatorial Africa
419:French Equatorial Africa
391:German-Soviet occupation
16:French Resistance leader
1508:. Volker Seifert, Essen
1164:the HĂŽtel des Invalides
825:allied occupation zones
431:Vichy puppet government
197:"l'Assemblée Nationale"
1506:Deutsches-Jagd-Lexikon
1187:Independent Republican
706:Soviet occupation zone
574:Attack on Pearl Harbor
437:that was being set up
393:of their own country.
364:He fought in the 1940
1183:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
1101:1956 general election
870:Assemblée Nationale (
846:Communist Party (KPD)
578:Casablanca Conference
246:and went on to study
242:in 1922. He studied
169:leader, appointed by
99:Assemblée Nationale (
92:Military governor of
1063:Pierre MendĂšs France
1024:Pierre MendĂšs France
720:Rhineland-Palatinate
676:de Gaulle government
264:Sainte-Marie-du-Mont
236:school final exams (
1152:Order of Liberation
1069:in the wake of the
995:Assemblée Nationale
774:University of Trier
366:Battle of the Somme
301:British governments
250:at the prestigious
139:(divorced ca. 1940)
1174:at Les Invalides.
886:stood for election
762:Bishop Bornewasser
755:Schloss Bassenheim
586:colonies in Africa
439:in southern France
382:invasion of France
313:invasion of Poland
293:invasion of Poland
278:War and resistance
248:political sciences
1467:978-1-61117-218-8
1156:Charles de Gaulle
1121:Charles de Gaulle
975:Charles de Gaulle
903:Charles de Gaulle
857:Charles de Gaulle
814:Général de Gaulle
790:Frankfurt am Main
726:"Délégué général"
718:Rheinland-Pfalz (
699:). During the
582:Général de Gaulle
427:Général de Gaulle
417:for a mission to
403:Général de Gaulle
311:launched its own
156:
155:
101:French parliament
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1357:
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1354:
1352:
1337:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1125:new constitution
1039:Indochina policy
633:After liberation
611:fought their way
558:Hitler's Germany
552:With the general
530:Clermont-Ferrand
522:Clermont-Ferrand
429:rather than the
415:Philippe Leclerc
68:
65:22 February 1986
42:
40:
19:
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1279:
1270:
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1220:
1216:
1210:
1137:Mali Federation
1113:
1071:Accord of Paris
1016:Rheinland-Pfalz
882:
829:Rheinland-Pfalz
748:Rheinland-Pfalz
744:Rheinland-Pfalz
735:Rheinland-Pfalz
730:Rheinland-Pfalz
672:
670:Rheinland-Pfalz
635:
594:
554:
524:and thirdly at
510:
467:Syria-Lebanon (
435:Philippe PĂ©tain
399:
380:. The German
355:English Channel
343:First World War
335:
285:
280:
226:) just outside
216:
211:
187:Rheinland-Pfalz
151:
141:
137:
125:
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111:Political party
105:
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94:Rheinland-Pfalz
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1289:
1217:
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1212:
1112:
1109:
1012:European Union
1000:Prime Minister
967:Prime Minister
943:Prime Minister
881:
878:
861:Vincent Auriol
806:Catholics' Day
740:Peter Altmeier
688:end of the war
671:
668:
634:
631:
593:
590:
560:would win the
553:
550:
509:
506:
502:Pierre Boisson
398:
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334:
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215:
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154:
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69:(aged 79)
63:
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1147:) till 1962.
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1092:United States
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1088:Ngo Dinh Diem
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1080:
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1064:
1060:
1059:Äiá»n BiĂȘn Phủ
1056:
1052:
1051:Äiá»n BiĂȘn Phủ
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:Joseph Laniel
1025:
1021:
1017:
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971:Antoine Pinay
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810:General KĆnig
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652:military rule
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538:Saint-Etienne
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469:Proche-Orient
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220:HĂ©rouvillette
213:
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188:
184:
180:
179:After the war
176:
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84:Occupation(s)
82:
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52:
48:
47:HĂ©rouvillette
31:
27:
20:
1556:. Retrieved
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1505:
1496:
1456:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1432:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1280:. Retrieved
1275:
1209:
1195:
1176:
1160:Grand Master
1149:
1123:and for the
1114:
1075:
1055:French Union
1036:
1008:Paul Reynaud
955:
936:
927:
924:
917:
912:French Union
908:
883:
871:
850:
818:
808:greeting to
759:
752:
750:went ahead.
725:
719:
710:
696:
673:
663:
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598:
595:
555:
511:
496:and, later,
479:
468:
459:Pointe-Noire
447:Vichy regime
400:
363:
336:
333:The invasion
291:launched an
286:
268:
259:
238:Baccalauréat
237:
217:
196:
195:parliament (
158:
157:
138:
116:
100:
67:(1986-02-22)
43:26 July 1906
1584:1986 deaths
1579:1906 births
1484:|work=
1202:Sallenelles
1189:candidate,
1133:the Général
1097:Edgar Faure
960:. As the
946:René Pleven
939:Free France
932:Bay of Veys
643:the Général
546:The Général
411:René Pleven
309:Soviet army
289:German army
177:in 1943.
171:the Général
1573:Categories
1558:5 February
1533:4 February
1512:4 February
1457:Bassenheim
1439:4 February
1412:2 February
1390:2 February
1351:2 February
1282:2 February
1214:References
1004:René Mayer
872:parliament
798:Luxembourg
690:, and the
660:Resistance
656:liberation
570:Stalingrad
520:, then at
193:member of
167:Resistance
97:Member of
88:Resistance
39:1906-07-26
1486:ignored (
1476:cite book
1047:Indochina
692:Rhineland
680:Rhineland
566:June 1941
518:Marseille
397:De Gaulle
260:la chasse
209:Biography
147:Parent(s)
133:Spouse(s)
117:Gaulliste
1205:Calvados
1166:and the
866:Queuille
844:and the
802:Saarland
623:Saint-LĂŽ
615:Normandy
613:through
455:Cameroon
423:Cameroon
378:Brittany
374:Normandy
318:Lorraine
272:Dordogne
232:Normandy
224:Calvados
191:Gaullist
106:Diplomat
51:Calvados
1145:Senegal
794:Koblenz
786:Cologne
647:Algiers
471:) front
453:and in
351:Louvain
181:, with
1464:
1129:Africa
1105:Manche
1084:Manche
954:CECA (
916:CECA (
890:Manche
853:France
778:Speyer
627:Rennes
542:Gannat
526:Gannat
514:France
498:Bamako
463:allied
451:Douala
433:under
407:London
347:Tienen
327:Sierck
297:French
203:Africa
90:leader
77:France
55:France
1552:(PDF)
1198:Paris
1141:Dakar
782:Mainz
770:Trier
766:Trier
645:from
534:Vichy
494:Dakar
486:Dakar
387:Brest
370:Seine
359:Somme
256:Paris
165:as a
115:RPF (
73:Paris
1560:2019
1535:2019
1514:2019
1488:help
1462:ISBN
1441:2019
1414:2019
1392:2019
1353:2019
1284:2019
1117:1958
1115:The
1045:and
987:URAS
821:1933
780:and
713:1933
637:The
621:and
619:Caen
592:MMLA
532:and
421:and
413:and
376:and
349:and
299:and
287:The
228:Caen
127:CNRS
123:URAS
62:Died
29:Born
1002:of
979:RPF
969:of
962:RPF
898:RPF
894:RPF
764:of
562:war
254:in
244:Law
1575::
1504:.
1480::
1478:}}
1474:{{
1431:.
1382:.
1361:^
1343:.
1292:^
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1221:^
1207:.
922:.
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205:.
173:a
75:,
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958:)
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874:)
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222:(
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41:)
37:(
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