189:. This would have been a convenience for them, as it ran near some of their works, but nothing was done except pay off some debts, due to the problems with the ironworks business. On its dissolution, George Skippe took over Foorth's share in the navigation; new contractors (including
354:
purposes. This seems to have formed the basis for the
Company for Making Iron with Pitcoal, though it may also have been intended to exploit a patent granted to Thomas Addison in 1692. The company ran its foundry for a few years, with Thomas Fox (the brother of Shadrach Fox of
367:
Sir
Clement apparently guided many of these developments; though he probably did not personally benefit from them financially, his sons probably did. Sir Clement is certainly to be credited with the practical application of the
128:
was damaging to them both; this led them to enter into a restrictive agreement as to where they would respectively buy wood and generally limiting their activities. A few months later, John Finch sold all his works to
260:
In 1683, there was a complicated agreement to the effect that business should be carried on by Sir
Clement's son Talbot, but he was not quite 21 years old so that the business had to be in the name of a
292:. This was in the names of Talbot's trustee an Grandison's son Edward Fitzgerald Villiers, but was evidently not successful, with the result that money had to be obtained by mortgaging
335:
With the conclusion of the litigation, the cupola near
Bristol reverted to Talbot Clerke. The Company for Smelting down Lead with Pitcoal (later in different ownership known as the
395:. Sir Clement died in debt in 1693. His baronetcy passed to Talbot, as did Launde Abbey, which was not swallowed by his debts because of his marriage settlement.
546:
372:(or cupola) to several metallurgical processes. Until the introduction in the late 18th century of the foundry cupola (which is a sort of small
241:
merchant) provided the capital in 1678 for Sir
Clement and Francis Nicholson (Grandison's dependent) to set up lead works. Sir Clement went to
193:'s son Robert, and they were to be paid by instalments as the works progressed, but the money ran out when the river was only completed from
380:
purposes. The cupola (reverberatory furnace) long remained in use for smelted copper and lead, and was applied by Robert
Lyddall to tin.
222:
274:
165:
on the security of his share (in breach of the terms of the partnership agreement). This led
Dannett Foorth having him Sir Clement
551:
169:
for debt, and George Skippe bailing him out. These difficulties were resolved by the sale of the ironworks in 1676, and the
387:, but it is possible that Dud Dudley was his teacher; certainly, his lead smelting efforts seem to be foreshadowed by an
339:) was chartered to run this, but this was evidently not successful and returned to Talbot (by then Sir Talbot) in 1695.
186:
489:
304:
In 1687, while the lead cupola was out of their possession, Sir
Clement and Talbot built a reverberatory furnace at
556:
498:
416:
316:
was obtained for this in 1688. This led to the establishment of a copper smelting works close to the banks of the
116:
iron using a mixed fuel made from wood and coal. This (uniquely) was to be powered by the strength of men and of
150:
58:
329:
142:
369:
347:
250:
30:
253:, but when Sir Clement went back for the rest of the capital, he found that Nicholson had taken it to
153:. They then brought in further partners including John's brother Dannett Foorth and George Skippe of
541:
336:
70:
185:
persuaded John Foorth and Sir
Clement Clerke to finance the completion of the navigation of the
210:
170:
78:
392:
342:'A work for remelting and casting old iron with sea coal' was built at 'Fox Hall' (probably
285:
to run the works for
Grandison. The litigation was ultimately resolved in Talbot's favour.
190:
182:
511:
237:, but failed. Grandison then approached Sir Clement. Grandison and Robert Thorowgood (a
93:
92:
in 1658 and this was settled on him and his wife. They had another estate at Notgrove in
120:. By 1674 Sir Clement and John Finch of Dudley were the only partners. Finch had other
238:
138:
89:
85:
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demanded that they be repaid money that they said Sir Clement owed them. This led to
535:
373:
356:
198:
293:
218:
158:
125:
82:
62:
26:
161:. This proved to be a troubled business because Sir Clement borrowed money from
214:
194:
74:
384:
289:
254:
146:
105:
317:
270:
121:
104:
In the early 1670s, Sir Clement joined various other people in sponsoring
343:
321:
266:
230:
166:
130:
113:
42:
477:
P. W. King, 'Sir Clement Clerke and the Adoption of Coal in metallurgy'
281:, during the course of which one Gravely Claypoole was appointed by the
388:
377:
351:
325:
278:
262:
242:
154:
66:
46:
23:
313:
309:
305:
246:
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By this stage, Sir Clement had exhausted his resources; the manor of
134:
109:
38:
265:. The business was in fact profitable. Talbot sought to declare a
282:
117:
234:
162:
34:
429:
King, P. W. (2002). "Dud Dudley's contribution to metallurgy".
350:(in this case known as an 'air furnace') to be built for iron
141:, but found that the King's Ironworks there had been sold to
22:(died 1693) was an important (but financially unsuccessful)
376:), his air furnace was the normal way of remelting pig for
391:
involving Dud Dudley at Okham Slade (location unknown) in
346:
under the direction of Sir Clement. This was the first
137:) and Sir Clement Clerke. They also bought wood in the
29:, whose greatest achievement was the application of the
57:
Clement Clerke was the third son of George Clerke of
225:
had financed a certain Samuel Hutchinson, who had a
383:It is not clear where he obtained his knowledge of
288:Another venture related to the production of
8:
157:. They also bought further ironworks from
494:
453:Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers
413:History and Antiquities of Leicestershire
73:. He was married to Sarah, daughter and
404:
149:and had to build their own furnace at
547:Baronets in the Baronetage of England
7:
464:P. W. King, 'The cupola at Bristol'
269:, but Lord Grandison and his fellow
466:Somerset Archaeol. & Nat. Hist.
490:Leigh Rayment's list of baronets
124:, but competition between him and
14:
20:Sir Clement Clerke, 1st Baronet
1:
300:Copper and company flotations
16:British Baronet (died 1693)
573:
181:During their partnership,
81:. In 1657, he bought the
522:
509:
504:
497:
481:73(1) (2001-2), 33-52.
330:English Copper Company
251:reverberatory furnaces
108:to build a furnace at
552:British metallurgists
499:Baronetage of England
431:Historical Metallurgy
370:reverberatory furnace
348:reverberatory furnace
151:Linton, Herefordshire
33:(cupola) to smelting
31:reverberatory furnace
479:Trans. Newcomen Soc.
187:Worcestershire Stour
173:of the partnership.
77:of George Talbot of
65:, and was created a
337:London Lead Company
296:to repay Villiers.
41:, and to remelting
468:140 (1997), 37-51.
69:shortly after the
557:English inventors
530:
529:
523:Succeeded by
516:(of Launde Abbey)
455:I (2002), 808-13.
275:Hon. Henry Howard
79:Rudge, Shropshire
564:
495:
482:
475:
469:
462:
456:
445:
439:
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426:
420:
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393:Clifton, Bristol
191:Andrew Yarranton
183:Andrew Yarranton
133:John Foorth (of
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532:
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486:
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447:A. W. Skempton
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428:
427:
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415:III(1) (1800),
410:
406:
401:
365:
302:
213:was ultimately
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179:
177:The River Stour
102:
94:Gloucestershire
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
570:
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359:) as founder.
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223:Lord Grandison
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139:Forest of Dean
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90:Leicestershire
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3:
2:
569:
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525:Talbot Clerke
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374:blast furnace
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357:Coalbrookdale
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257:and lost it.
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205:Lead smelting
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199:Kidderminster
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100:Iron smelting
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506:New creation
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478:
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448:
443:
434:
430:
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412:
411:J. Nichols,
407:
382:
366:
341:
334:
308:and smelted
303:
294:Launde Abbey
287:
259:
208:
180:
163:moneylenders
159:Philip Foley
126:Philip Foley
103:
83:Launde Abbey
63:Warwickshire
56:
27:entrepreneur
19:
18:
542:1693 deaths
437:(1): 43–53.
239:King's Lynn
195:Stourbridge
171:dissolution
71:Restoration
536:Categories
520:1661–1693
399:References
389:enterprise
385:metallurgy
326:chartering
312:there. A
290:white lead
279:litigation
255:Derbyshire
245:and built
233:lead with
215:foreclosed
147:demolition
143:Paul Foley
106:Dud Dudley
59:Willoughby
53:Background
49:purposes.
318:River Wye
271:financier
219:mortgagee
122:ironworks
344:Vauxhall
324:and the
322:Redbrook
267:dividend
231:smelting
167:arrested
131:Alderman
43:pig iron
512:Baronet
378:foundry
352:foundry
328:of the
263:trustee
247:cupolas
243:Bristol
235:pitcoal
217:by the
155:Ledbury
75:heiress
67:baronet
47:foundry
24:English
449:et al.
363:Impact
314:patent
310:copper
306:Putney
227:patent
135:London
118:horses
110:Dudley
86:estate
39:copper
283:court
211:Rudge
114:smelt
229:for
145:for
45:for
37:and
35:lead
417:326
320:at
221:.
197:to
112:to
88:in
538::
451:,
435:36
433:.
332:.
273:,
249:-
201:.
96:.
61:,
419:.
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