66:
1043:
1131:
31:
702:
4891:
4879:
4915:
4903:
1373:
837:, present different challenges in terms of friction and types of holds. The typical condition of the rock (e.g. solid or crumbling, or dry and damp) might be noted. Ice climbers will differentiate between the type of ice (e.g. water ice, permanent alpine ice), and the stability of the ice surface (e.g. sheet ice, thick ice).
958:
Estimated timings (for longer routes). Multi-pitch climbs and the even-longer big wall and alpine climbs will include details of the estimated timetable for the route, which might go from hours to several days and weeks. These timings may include additional information on key milestones that need to
803:
Route name. While rock and modern ice climbing routes can have any name, offensive names are removed from databases and guidebooks. In countries such as France the person who created the route names it, whereas in others such as the US and UK, the first person to ascend the route names it (e.g. the
1260:
created the "Climb United" initiative to bring magazine editors, guidebook publishers and database managers, and other climbing community leaders together to create principles for naming routes that would "Build the best publishing practices to avoid harm caused by discriminatory or oppressive route
2263:
Greenpoint? OK redpoint, even pinkpoint is tried and tested (i.e. with gear already pre-placed) . But greenpoint? Ay yes, it's the term used to define climbing a sport route without the bolts but using trad gear such as nuts and camming devices! What might at first glance seem somewhat contorted is
1239:
Traditionally, in many countries, the person who made the first ascent of a route was allowed to name it (in France, the naming rights go to whoever first bolted the route); this concept of "naming ownership" by the first ascensionist led to inertia with regard to the changing of problematic names
1324:
showed climbers were largely against manufacturing routes on natural outdoor rock on public lands, but were less negative on private lands (or on routes in quarries); they were willing to allow "cleaning" of routes (which some consider manufacturing), and also the repairing of routes (e.g. gluing
985:
Popularity and other feedback. Modern guidebooks will also include some manner of popularity rating for individual routes in a climbing area (e.g. awarding 3-stars to the most popular/best-regarded routes, which are often called "classics"). They may also include additional climber feedback (or
1895:. While reaching the summits of eight-thousanders by any route was once considered a major milestone, the development of even harder climbs on their faces and pillars has created several famous routes amongst climbers including the "Rupal Face" on
1253:, stepped down from his post recognizing some problematic names that he had given his own routes in the past. The debate intensified, reaching national media attention in countries around the world, and was described as climbing's "#MeToo" moment.
1432:), challenging that the use of such protection was diminishing the nature of mountaineering, saying of such climbers: "he carries his courage in his rucksack, in the form of bolts and equipment". Such concerns also relate to the debate on
912:
routes), a more detailed "topo" (short for topographic) illustration will include symbols for key obstacles (e.g. roofs, overhangs, aretes) and key features (e.g. corners, cracks) encountered on the route; and information on the
2755:
4800:
2332:
1168:
in alpine climbing, and thus not avoiding the difficult obstacles that the original route went around (e.g. a roof or an overhang, or a section with minimal holds). Boulder climbers might add a harder
4795:
1018:
a route (i.e. the route becomes a "project"). When a climber does climb the route on their first attempt without any falls and without any prior knowledge of how to climb the route (which is called
974:(FFFA). Guidebooks record the first person(s) to do the FA, FFA, and FFFA of the route. Information may be recorded regarding the "style" of the ascent and whether it was practiced beforehand by
1400:) on climbing routes. Such protection is not to provide aid (i.e. it is not aid-climbing per se), but to increase the safety of the route. Climbers call routes that have such protection, "
1162:
When a climbing route has been established, variations may be added, a typical one being a more "direct" line (e.g. a direct start or direct finish) of the original route, also called a
1215:
548:
1411:
While all indoor climbing routes are bolted sport routes, the use of bolts in the outdoor natural environment raised environmental considerations, which led to the development of the
1070:
Climbers will also seek to improve the "style" in which a route is climbed. A route that uses a lot of aid climbing will be reclimbed with less and less aid until it is eventually "
1014:. Many routes may not be climbed on the first attempt, and will require days (and in some cases, years) of attempts; when a climber undertakes such a task, it is sometimes called
1279:
Some climbers have physically altered the natural rock surface to "construct" a route (or make a route more climbable), by cutting or expanding handholds, which is also known as
4847:
3814:
4859:
1418:
Other objections to pre-bolted protection highlighted the effect that such protection had on the very nature and challenge of a climbing route. In 1971, Italian mountaineer
3062:
1404:" (i.e. there is no risk, so it is purely a sport). In the 1980s and 1990s in the US, this debate became so heated that it was known as the "bolt wars", with climbers
3802:
1261:
names". Many climbing guidebook publishers and route databases introduced policies to redact inappropriate route names, including the largest online databases,
1436:
of traditional climbing routes, which is the conversion into safer sport climbing routes, but that also fundamentally alters the nature of the route challenge.
681:. There are ongoing debates amongst climbers about routes including the naming of routes, the creation of new routes by artificially altering the surface (e.g.
2619:
2342:
3787:
91:
4841:
4810:
529:
2364:
1249:
that "routes belong to us all. That should include their names" in regard to changing problematic names. At the same time, Duane
Raleigh, the editor of
3836:
3831:
1923:
1450:
678:
115:
677:
The ascent of ever-harder routes is an integral key part of the history of climbing, and each type of climbing has notable routes that set major new
2591:
2675:
2535:
1243:
In 2020, the climbing community more directly confronted the issue of problematic names. In June 2020, climbing author Andrew
Bisharat wrote in
908:
of the route. Most guidebooks will include a photograph or drawing showing the line of the route. For more complicated routes (and for longer
1774:
WI6 M8 R, which started the mixed climbing revolution; this was followed by early consensus M10-12 routes in Europe and North
America such as
2220:
1030:. Alpine climbers distinguish whether the ascent was made in summer or in the more difficult winter season (e.g. it was not until 2021 that
3383:
689:), the level and maintenance of in-situ protection on routes (e.g. providing permanent bolted protection anchors) and the ethical issue of
3222:
1352: (9c); it was later deconstructed having never been fully ascended, despite attempts by some of the world's best climbers, including
1178:
is graded well above the standing start version). Alpine and big wall climbers often seek to link established routes together in a larger
2165:
1348:
launched "The
Project" on an indoor climbing wall in Sweden, with the aim of creating the world's hardest sport climbing route at circa.
3797:
2646:
2419:
3327:"Degrees of Freedom: From dry tooling to figure fours, M-climbing in the mountains is redefining the vision of what's a climbable line"
1953:
1364:. Since then, other "Project-type" routes have been created on other climbing walls, with the goal of being the world's hardest route.
3446:
3367:
2948:
2246:
2204:
2141:
3307:
3782:
3767:
2457:
81:
2978:
1392:
There has been a long-term debate in the climbing world on the use of permanently fixed in-situ climbing protection (e.g. such as
1240:
including route names that were vulgar or had racial, sexual, colonial, discriminatory or other, slurs, tropes or stereotyping.
3007:
852:). The protection equipment needed on traditional climbing routes will vary depending on the type of challenge presented (e.g.
810:
controversy). Alpine routes tend to have names based on the peak or the first ascender and the geological feature, such as the
1728:. Notable ice routes include the first to get near/above the WI6 grade milestone (i.e. sheer vertical sustained ice) such as
959:
be reached in a given time to achieve the overall route timetable and to complete the route safely with sufficient provisions.
4919:
4780:
2481:
522:
2934:
2127:
2509:
2062:
1850:
2781:
2563:
1408:(i.e. removing in-situ protection) on routes they considered to be traditional-only routes (i.e. no in-situ protection).
4710:
4087:
2868:
978:. The level of aid used for the FA might be recorded, as well as near-FFAs that used minor aid. On alpine routes, the
3118:
927:(es) – and the availability of adequate protection. Each route type will use the appropriate grading system such as:
3326:
2897:
3035:
4082:
3848:
1918:
1465:
1405:
1169:
1164:
1000:
647:
643:
127:
65:
4770:
4132:
515:
3281:
2702:
2304:
571:
and/or in an online climbing route database, and will include elements such as the type of climbing route (e.g.
4941:
4685:
4680:
3826:
1504:
971:
639:
473:
110:
3195:
2676:"Rock climbing's new-found popularity uncovers dark past of unsavoury route names, sparking its #MeToo moment"
990:) on the route such as whether it requires muscle power, balance/footwork, or strong fingers to be successful.
717:
4815:
4610:
4585:
4476:
4469:
3874:
3777:
3732:
3331:
2281:
1345:
737:
365:
2729:
1808:
in France, the world's first-ever D14 (and with no mixed/ice component). The
Tomorrow's World Cave in the
4785:
4725:
4635:
4278:
4031:
3887:
3819:
3439:
1928:
1520:
1300:
923:
of technical difficulty and risk. Routes are graded for their technical difficulty – particularly for the
425:
103:
1687:
722:
642:, are often recorded for important routes. After a route is established, variations can be created (e.g.
4760:
4675:
4177:
4043:
1682:
1648:
1118:
1075:
1042:
1015:
897:
764:(or crag). Routes are often clustered together in a general "climbing area", which is also known as a "
663:
2391:
777:
1798:
in
Switzerland became the world's first consensus M14, and also the world's first-ever FFFA of an M14.
4907:
4790:
4775:
4765:
4016:
3982:
3762:
3536:
3514:
3495:
2812:
2651:
1673:
1652:
whose aid ascent at 5.9 A2 was a major milestone in climbing, as was its eventual freeing at 5.14a.
1561:
1454:
1401:
1337:
1257:
936:
909:
849:
781:
710:
580:
199:
177:
158:
3170:
4665:
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4365:
4307:
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4236:
4159:
4065:
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3040:
3012:
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2902:
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2817:
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2337:
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2095:
1958:
1841:
1530:
1487:
1320:
1280:
1140:
1011:
979:
841:
818:
806:
682:
619:
612:
435:
413:
4878:
2933:
Andrew
Bisharat (6 October 2009). "Chapter 1: Ethics, Style and the Emergence of Sport Climbing".
2090:
1672:, the first-ever 9a big wall route in history. Notable European routes are the north faces of the
4805:
4387:
4355:
4026:
4009:
3865:
3843:
3809:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3227:
2940:
2540:
2133:
1305:
1103:
732:
608:
568:
495:
440:
221:
216:
211:
98:
3171:"An exploration of the world's most impossible sport climbs and the new standards that they set"
2449:
The
Mountain Encyclopedia: An A to Z Compendium of Over 2,250 Terms, Concepts, Ideas, and People
1642:. Many of the most famous aid climbing routes were on big wall routes, which eventually became
1197:
The straightforward and frequently used (and usually easiest and often the original) route up a
2002:
654:), and climbers will try to improve the "style" in which the route is climbed (e.g. minimizing
4895:
4820:
4615:
4543:
4518:
4504:
4497:
4312:
4214:
3894:
3565:
3490:
3432:
3363:
2944:
2453:
2447:
2200:
2137:
1664:
1635:
1478:
1174:
1055:
967:
948:
880:
773:
743:
635:
468:
458:
228:
153:
49:
3252:
2126:
Andrew
Bisharat (6 October 2009). "Chapter 9: Onsighting: Strategies for Success on Routes".
4755:
4690:
4670:
4645:
4630:
4397:
4375:
4251:
3994:
3630:
2536:"Naming and shaming: How climbers are wrestling with the sport's tradition of naming routes"
1880:
1876:
1741:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1583:
1555:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1509:
1499:
1482:
1469:
1428:
1419:
1357:
1349:
1267:
1130:
1087:
1060:
1027:
920:
888:
872:
753:
627:
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592:
500:
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276:
266:
120:
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4883:
4750:
4695:
4650:
4625:
4595:
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4350:
4273:
4268:
4127:
4075:
3999:
3960:
3933:
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3591:
3089:
2486:
1836:
1830:
1694:
1550:
1393:
1385:
1329:
1219:
1206:
1106:
seek to ascend a route with no protection equipment whatsoever (e.g. as in the 2018 film,
1079:
1019:
987:
952:
924:
914:
905:
884:
765:
757:), where the key details of the route are listed, which generally include the following:
713:
706:
600:
596:
588:
552:
490:
249:
34:
30:
2333:"Alex Honnold and Tommy Caldwell Set Historic Speed Record on "Nose" route on El Capitan"
1658:
1010:
The definition of what is classed as a valid ascent of a rock climbing route is called a
955:
systems have additional grades for the level of commitment and seriousness of the route.
4742:
4715:
4620:
4590:
4455:
4402:
4340:
4290:
4231:
4167:
4038:
4021:
3938:
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3702:
3697:
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3610:
3581:
3531:
3519:
1763:
1753:
1715:
1515:
1412:
1113:
1083:
932:
853:
845:
812:
797:
671:
576:
430:
375:
335:
330:
254:
239:
194:
182:
86:
3063:"Dreamtime at Cresciano, the boulder problem by Fred Nicole between dream and reality"
1078:
refers to the process of even removing any existing in-situ sport climbing protection
4935:
4705:
4605:
4550:
4511:
4410:
4360:
4335:
4246:
4219:
4099:
3955:
3921:
3742:
3717:
3596:
3586:
3543:
3526:
3470:
2680:
2596:
2424:
2067:
1862:
1643:
1565:
1433:
1333:
1289:
1284:
1245:
1198:
1099:
1071:
892:
857:
761:
690:
408:
380:
370:
350:
206:
189:
138:
693:(e.g. turning traditional climbing routes into safer sport climbing bolted routes).
4825:
4720:
4600:
4536:
4415:
4370:
4114:
3977:
3965:
3926:
3911:
3722:
3647:
3635:
3485:
2195:
Ogden, Jared (2005). "Chapter 1: Wall
Climbing Fundamentals - Style & Ethics".
2170:
1913:
1896:
1854:
1787:
1749:
1725:
1711:
1639:
1377:
1341:
1295:
1202:
1091:
1046:
963:
944:
940:
861:
789:
701:
667:
655:
631:
584:
567:, or rock/ice-covered obstacle. The details of a climbing route are recorded in a
463:
355:
283:
271:
148:
2032:
875:. A key detail is the length of the route, which can vary from a few metres for a
3358:
Gresham, Neil; Parnell, Ian (January 2009). "Evolution of sport mixed climbing".
2840:
2276:
1492:
1158:
which is an almost straight vertical line between the Harlin and Japanese routes.
4660:
4655:
4392:
4285:
4184:
3970:
3904:
3727:
3707:
3669:
3657:
3623:
3144:
1849:. The route is also one of the famous six alpine routes that first ascended the
1801:
1719:
1612:
1570:
1344:
manufactures a completely new route for each stage of the competition. In 2017,
1179:
1146:
1095:
659:
651:
360:
340:
300:
288:
259:
38:
1086:
traditional climb. Alpine climbers seek to complete established high-altitude "
17:
4241:
4122:
4055:
3916:
3687:
3664:
3507:
3502:
1866:
1756:
in Canada has produced overhanging ice climbs above the WI10 grade, including
1653:
1579:
1540:
1473:
1460:
1361:
1353:
1172:"SS" (or sit-down-start, "SDS") variation to a boulder route (e.g. the SDS of
1064:
975:
928:
876:
769:
572:
320:
295:
170:
165:
4564:
4557:
4425:
4420:
4330:
4295:
4209:
4154:
4060:
4004:
3943:
3692:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1809:
1767:
1677:
1381:
1191:
1108:
1050:
865:
834:
826:
398:
325:
2420:"Honnold and Caldwell Complete First Ascent of Fitz Traverse "Mega Route""
4640:
4490:
4226:
4189:
4147:
4137:
3455:
2936:
Sport Climbing: From Toprope to Redpoint, Techniques for Climbing Success
2756:"Harmful vs. Offensive: The Troublesome Debate Over Climbing Route Names"
2129:
Sport Climbing: From Toprope to Redpoint, Techniques for Climbing Success
1954:"The Guidebook Odyssey – Unearthing the epic task of writing a guidebook"
1610: (5.12c). Notable contemporary traditional climbing routes include
1591:
1332:
is done on completely artificially manufactured sport climbing routes on
1187:
685:
in rock climbing), the role of completely artificial indoor routes (e.g.
564:
560:
420:
403:
57:
618:
There are definitions as to what is a valid ascent of a route (e.g. the
4256:
4142:
4092:
3948:
3712:
1023:
830:
623:
345:
1903:'s southwest pillar; both of which have been tried by alpine climbers.
4104:
4070:
3421:, North America's largest online rock and ice climbing route database
2305:"Free Solo Rock Climbing and the Climbers Who Have Defined the Sport"
2166:"Nepalese team makes first successful winter ascent of a route on K2"
1568:, and many countries have their own notable traditional routes (e.g.
825:
Type and condition of the surface. Different types of rock, such as
2482:"Inside rock climbing's rancorous debate over offensive route names"
3418:
2365:"Eiger North Face, Japanese Diretissima freed by Jasper and Schäli"
1485: (8C) in Switzerland. Other notable bouldering routes include
840:
Type of climb and equipment requirements. A key detail is whether
4853:
4700:
4172:
4050:
3882:
3412:
3008:"Opinion: Not Retro-Bolting Is Irresponsible. A Doctor Sounds Off"
1870:
1858:
1846:
1397:
1372:
1371:
1311:
1135:
1129:
1041:
1026:; where the climber had prior beta on the route, it is known as a
793:
785:
700:
29:
3090:"Rock Stars: 10 of the Most Famous Boulder Problems in the World"
2647:"Austrian climbers at odds over far-right dogwhistle route names"
1538: (5.15a) route. Other notable sport climbing routes include
1074:" (i.e. using no aid, either as a sport or a traditional climb).
3196:"The World's Hardest Traditional Climbing Routes by Winter 2021"
603:(es)–and any risk or commitment grade, the length and number of
3428:
2592:"Between the Lines: It's Time To Change Offensive Route Names"
1518:. Two of the most famous sport climbing routes in history are
1891:
that are above 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) in height above
4854:
Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes
3424:
3282:"New Ice Climb Gets Elusive WI7, Here's Some Grade History"
2813:"Where's the Line Between Chipping and Cleaning on Routes?"
1900:
1574:
in Britain). Routes that set important milestones include
1031:
1463:. Two of the most famous bouldering routes in history are
1426:(which was believed to have been inspired by the 400-bolt
2564:"Rated R: Should Obscene or Offensive Routes Be Renamed?"
1879:. The most famous expedition climbing routes involve the
2782:"Leslie Gulch's Controversial Route-Building Laboratory"
1853:. As alpine climbing spread outside of the Alps, famous
1812:
in Italy produced the world's first-ever consensus D15 (
3308:"Repentance Super, the most coveted ice climb in Cogne"
2221:"Heiko Queitsch greenpoint climbing in the Frankenjura"
1839:. One of the most famous alpine climbing routes is the
1598: (5.13a) and the first-ever use of "friends", and
901:
is over 880-metres long, and breaks up into 31-pitches.
3415:, Europe's largest online rock climbing route database
3384:"Generation Dry, discovering the world of Dry Tooling"
3223:"The 25 Greatest Moments in Yosemite Climbing History"
4796:
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
3145:"The Hard 100: The Hardest Sport Climbs in the World"
3036:"Should We Really Retro-bolt That Dangerous Classic?"
1668:, the most famous big wall free solo in history, and
1662:(5.9 A2 aid, or 5.13b free) and the Salathé variant,
1656:
has several other famous aid/big wall routes such as
662:). Some climbers limit the in-situ protection (e.g.
4848:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
4801:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
2446:
Hartemann, Frederic; Hauptman, Robert (2005-06-15).
2199:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 87–91.
1283:. Such acts have at times caused controversy (e.g.
891:", which are less than a rope length; climbers will
4860:
Union of International Mountain Leader Associations
4834:
4741:
4734:
4578:
4528:
4447:
4440:
4323:
4202:
4113:
3873:
3864:
3857:
3755:
3680:
3609:
3574:
3478:
3469:
3462:
1857:routes were established on Himalayan peaks such as
1716:
Mixed climbing § Evolution of grade milestones
2703:"Climb United: A Modern Rethinking of Route Names"
2063:"Margo Hayes Sends Biographie/Realization (5.15a)"
1271:(who had redacted 6,000 names in the first year).
2869:"Kaleb Thomas and the Next Step for Routesetting"
1845:(ED2 V− A0 60 degrees), on the north face of the
1712:Ice climbing § Evolution of grade milestones
622:in rock climbing), and the class of ascent (e.g.
2730:"Offensive Rock Climb Names in Squamish Changed"
2247:"Chasin the Trane greenpoint in the Frankenjura"
1720:Dry-tooling § Evolution of grade milestones
1368:Permanent-protection and retro-bolting of routes
2264:in fact a movement that is gaining popularity.
3440:
2392:"The Weird Origins Of Bouldering's Sit Start"
1760:the world's first-ever WI13 graded ice route.
1564:. Traditional climbing was at the origin of
523:
8:
1376:In-situ sport climbing protection showing a
848:), or must be inserted while climbing (i.e.
747:), and/or in an online route database (e.g.
731:Climbing routes are usually chronicled in a
2898:"Is This the World's Hardest Indoor Route?"
1384:, that is clipped into a permanently fixed
27:Path to scale a mountain, rock, or ice wall
4842:International Federation of Sport Climbing
4738:
4444:
3870:
3861:
3475:
3466:
3447:
3433:
3425:
1455:Traditional climbing § Hardest routes
887:route. Longer routes are broken up into "
530:
516:
44:
3112:
3110:
1924:List of grade milestones in rock climbing
1451:List of grade milestones in rock climbing
895:each pitch one at a time. For example,
879:route, to several thousand metres for a
3119:"The evolution of free climbing routes"
2510:"The Perfect Line: Naming and Claiming"
1941:
1534:in France, the world's first consensus
1182:(or "link-up") route (e.g. the notable
449:
389:
311:
237:
136:
72:
56:
3276:
3274:
3247:
3245:
3117:Oviglia, Maurizio (23 December 2012).
2972:
2970:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2891:
2889:
2806:
2804:
2418:McDonald, Dougald (18 February 2014).
2061:Carpenter, Hayden (25 December 2017).
2056:
2054:
716:route on the South West Pillar of the
3253:"100 Years of Big-Wall Free Climbing"
2728:Pullan, Brandon (23 September 2020).
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2190:
2188:
2001:Ryan, Mick; James, Alan (July 2002).
1996:
1947:
1945:
7:
4902:
2896:Miller, Delaney (12 November 2021).
2390:Copeland, Victor (15 October 2022).
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2027:
2025:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1952:Adamson, Michael (6 February 2009).
1883:, which are the 14 mountains in the
1693:), and on the southwest face of the
1299:), but at other times has not (e.g.
658:or other supports such as oxygen or
615:gear) needed to complete the route.
4914:
3088:Kuelthau, Willis (28 August 2021).
2508:Dobner, Sarah-Jane (19 June 2019).
2164:Beaumont, Peter (16 January 2021).
1544:in Nevada, the world's first-ever
1524:in Germany, the world's first-ever
1508:in Finland, the world's first-ever
1144:(blue-line #2), contrasts with the
1094:with no supplemental oxygen or any
768:". Notable climbing areas include:
2620:"The Racism of the Great Outdoors"
2480:Tabachnik, Sam (17 January 2021).
2197:Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique
1646:routes. The most famous route is
1554:in Norway, the world's first-ever
25:
4811:South African Climbing Federation
2841:"The Other Side of Fred Rouhling"
2780:Heller, Brad (27 December 2016).
2590:Bisharat, Andrew (25 June 2020).
1831:Alpine climbing § Milestones
1498:in Italy, the world's first-ever
1275:Manufactured or artificial routes
1154:(pink-line #6). Not shown is the
860:, etc.). Some routes may require
4913:
4901:
4890:
4889:
4877:
3783:IFSC World Championships winners
2534:Anderssen, Erin (27 June 2019).
2091:"Guidebooks Are Still a Problem"
2089:Robinson, Doug (23 March 2023).
64:
3034:Bordeau, Steve (18 July 2023).
3006:Miller, Sam (26 October 2022).
2562:Buhay, Corey (25 August 2020).
1548: (5.15b) sport route, and
735:, a climbing journal (e.g. the
4781:British Mountaineering Council
3169:Walker, Noah (27 March 2023).
2977:Franz, Derek (10 March 2023).
2674:Marx, David (11 August 2020).
1502: (8C+) graded route, and
1112:). Some big wall climbers set
1:
2979:"Between safety and boldness"
2811:Dawn, Stefani (6 June 2022).
2754:Samet, Matt (30 March 2023).
2618:Kandula, Ikya (19 May 2021).
2303:Osius, Alison (4 June 2022).
1931:, database of climbing routes
1851:great north faces of the Alps
2004:How to write ... a MiniGuide
1424:The Murder of the Impossible
1422:wrote a famous essay called
37:routes on the north face of
3325:Slawinski, Raphael (2002).
2867:Walker, Noah (3 May 2021).
2452:. Taylor Trade Publishing.
2331:Moye, Jayme (6 June 2018).
1766:. The most famous route is
4963:
1919:Glossary of climbing terms
1828:
1709:
1558: (5.15d) sport route.
1448:
1152:1969 Japanese Direttissima
1001:Glossary of climbing terms
998:
4873:
4771:Appalachian Mountain Club
3221:Editorial (1 June 2016).
1804:. Notable routes include
1528: (5.14d) route, and
1156:2006 Russian Direttissima
1082:to ascend the route as a
844:is already in-situ (i.e.
4686:Mountain Safety Research
4681:Mountain Equipment Co-op
3362:. Rockfax. p. 176.
3143:Laird, Sam (June 2023).
2010:. RockFax. pp. 1–15
1899:and the "Magic Line" on
1512: (9A) graded route.
1150:(pink-line #3), and the
1147:1966 Harlin Direttissima
1116:records on routes (e.g.
1034:was climbed in winter).
972:first female free ascent
718:Aiguille des Deux Aigles
640:first female free ascent
4816:South Tyrol Alpine Club
4611:Eastern Mountain Sports
4477:Canadian Alpine Journal
4470:American Alpine Journal
3733:Roof and tunnel hacking
3332:American Alpine Journal
2282:Encyclopedia Britannica
1752:in Italy. Since 2010,
1346:Black Diamond Equipment
738:American Alpine Journal
670:the route. Others set
559:) is a path by which a
4636:Holubar Mountaineering
4448:Magazines and journals
3778:IFSC World Cup winners
1929:The Himalayan Database
1816:), and consensus D16 (
1531:Realization/Biographie
1389:
1223:
1210:
1159:
1067:
1038:Style of route ascents
807:Realization/Biographie
728:
727:(500-metres, grade TD)
607:of the route, and the
556:
42:
4761:Alpine Club of Canada
4671:Marmot Mountain Works
4626:GERRY Mountain Sports
2033:"Route naming policy"
1402:sport climbing routes
1375:
1318:). A 2022 survey by
1316:La Rose et la Vampire
1226:) in mountaineering.
1133:
1045:
1022:), it is known as an
871:Length and number of
704:
563:reaches the top of a
33:
4791:Club Alpino Italiano
4776:Austrian Alpine Club
4766:American Alpine Club
2652:Agence France-Presse
2136:. pp. 192–200.
1814:A Line Above the Sky
1674:Tre Cime di Lavaredo
1562:Traditional climbing
1338:competition climbing
1325:back broken holds).
1301:Antoine Le Menestrel
1258:American Alpine Club
1201:is often called the
1126:Variations of routes
850:traditional climbing
782:traditional climbing
581:traditional climbing
4786:Club Alpin Français
4160:Mountaineering boot
3773:Piolet d'Or winners
2839:Ward, Pete (2004).
2625:The Washington Post
2371:. 18 September 2009
2338:National Geographic
1877:Expedition climbing
1842:1938 Heckmair Route
1784:Empire Strikes Back
1778:in Vail, Colorado,
1268:MountainProject.com
1188:Cerro Chaltén Group
1141:1938 Heckmair Route
980:first winter ascent
842:climbing protection
754:MountainProject.com
674:records on routes.
613:climbing protection
87:Piolet d'Or winners
4806:German Alpine Club
3123:PlanetMountain.com
2943:. pp. 31–34.
2941:Mountaineers Books
2541:The Globe and Mail
2134:Mountaineers Books
1622:Blackbeard’s Tears
1606:, early consensus
1472: (7B/7B+) in
1466:Midnight Lightning
1390:
1160:
1134:North face of the
1104:Free solo climbers
1068:
937:traditional grades
778:Clogwyn Du'r Arddu
733:climbing guidebook
729:
609:climbing equipment
591:route, etc.), the
569:climbing guidebook
43:
4929:
4928:
4869:
4868:
4821:Swiss Alpine Club
4574:
4573:
4529:Non-fiction films
4505:Planinski Vestnik
4498:Himalayan Journal
4436:
4435:
4198:
4197:
3827:Historical events
3798:Eight-thousanders
3751:
3750:
3605:
3604:
3202:. 1 February 2021
2655:. 9 November 2022
2253:. 7 November 2011
1881:eight-thousanders
1636:Big wall climbing
1184:Moonwalk Traverse
968:first free ascent
881:big wall climbing
774:big wall climbing
744:Himalayan Journal
636:first free ascent
595:of the route–and
540:
539:
121:Eight-thousanders
111:Historical events
16:(Redirected from
4954:
4917:
4916:
4905:
4904:
4893:
4892:
4881:
4739:
4691:Outdoor Research
4445:
3871:
3862:
3832:Grade milestones
3641:Expedition style
3476:
3467:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3390:. 4 January 2019
3380:
3374:
3373:
3360:Winter CLIMBING+
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3286:Gripped Magazine
3278:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3259:. 4 January 2015
3257:Gripped Magazine
3249:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3200:Gripped Magazine
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3175:Gripped Magazine
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2930:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2873:Gripped Magazine
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2734:Gripped Magazine
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2707:Gripped Magazine
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2345:on June 23, 2021
2341:. Archived from
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2123:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2009:
1998:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1949:
1746:Repentance Super
1742:Canadian Rockies
1697:in France (e.g.
1691:
1505:Burden of Dreams
1496:
1429:Compressor Route
1420:Reinhold Messner
1358:Stefano Ghisolfi
1309:
1235:Naming of routes
1218:
1088:expedition style
1006:Ascent of routes
726:
593:difficulty grade
551:
532:
525:
518:
277:Expedition style
116:Grade milestones
68:
45:
21:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4942:Climbing routes
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4865:
4830:
4730:
4596:Cascade Designs
4570:
4524:
4432:
4319:
4194:
4128:Abalakov thread
4109:
3853:
3747:
3676:
3601:
3570:
3554:Deep-water solo
3458:
3453:
3419:MountainProject
3409:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3288:. 15 April 2022
3280:
3279:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2931:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2487:The Denver Post
2479:
2478:
2467:
2460:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2227:. 3 August 2012
2219:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1910:
1837:Alpine climbing
1833:
1827:
1758:Mission to Mars
1722:
1710:Main articles:
1708:
1695:Aiguille du Dru
1685:
1628:in the US, and
1586: (5.13b),
1490:
1457:
1449:Main articles:
1447:
1442:
1380:clipped into a
1370:
1330:indoor climbing
1303:
1277:
1237:
1232:
1214:
1138:: The original
1128:
1040:
1008:
1003:
997:
885:alpine climbing
720:
714:alpine climbing
699:
589:alpine climbing
547:
536:
507:
445:
385:
307:
233:
217:Deep-water solo
132:
35:Alpine climbing
28:
23:
22:
18:Climbing routes
15:
12:
11:
5:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4934:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:The North Face
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:Sierra Designs
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4621:Frostline Kits
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4512:Rock & Ice
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4456:Alpine Journal
4451:
4449:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4346:Climbing route
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4291:Simul-climbing
4288:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Front pointing
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Avalanche cord
4162:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4135:
4133:Bottled oxygen
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3879:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3788:IFSC victories
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3613:
3611:Mountaineering
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3408:
3407:External links
3405:
3402:
3401:
3388:PlanetMountain
3375:
3369:978-1873341964
3368:
3350:
3317:
3312:PlanetMountain
3299:
3270:
3241:
3213:
3187:
3161:
3135:
3106:
3080:
3067:PlanetMountain
3054:
3026:
2998:
2987:. Vol. 81
2966:
2950:978-1594852701
2949:
2916:
2885:
2859:
2831:
2800:
2772:
2746:
2720:
2709:. 8 April 2021
2694:
2666:
2638:
2610:
2597:Rock & Ice
2582:
2554:
2526:
2500:
2465:
2458:
2438:
2425:Rock & Ice
2410:
2382:
2369:PlanetMountain
2356:
2323:
2295:
2277:"Alpine style"
2268:
2251:PlanetMountain
2238:
2225:PlanetMountain
2212:
2206:978-0898867480
2205:
2184:
2156:
2143:978-1594852701
2142:
2109:
2081:
2068:Rock & Ice
2050:
2021:
1972:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1874:
1829:Main article:
1826:
1825:Mountaineering
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:Parallel World
1806:Bichette Light
1799:
1764:Mixed climbing
1761:
1754:Helmcken Falls
1738:Sea of Vapours
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:Bonatti Pillar
1633:
1576:Grand Illusion
1559:
1521:Action Directe
1516:Sport climbing
1513:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Notable routes
1438:
1413:clean climbing
1369:
1366:
1334:climbing walls
1276:
1273:
1251:Rock & Ice
1246:Rock & Ice
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1186:of the entire
1127:
1124:
1039:
1036:
1007:
1004:
999:Main article:
996:
993:
992:
991:
983:
960:
956:
949:Big wall grade
929:boulder grades
918:
902:
869:
854:crack climbing
846:sport climbing
838:
823:
813:Bonatti Pillar
801:
798:sport climbing
698:
695:
672:speed climbing
577:sport climbing
544:climbing route
538:
537:
535:
534:
527:
520:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
504:
503:
498:
493:
483:
478:
477:
476:
471:
461:
455:
452:
451:
447:
446:
444:
443:
438:
433:
431:Simul climbing
428:
423:
418:
417:
416:
406:
401:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
317:
314:
313:
309:
308:
306:
305:
304:
303:
293:
292:
291:
281:
280:
279:
274:
264:
263:
262:
257:
246:
243:
242:
240:mountaineering
235:
234:
232:
231:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
204:
203:
202:
197:
187:
186:
185:
175:
174:
173:
163:
162:
161:
151:
145:
142:
141:
134:
133:
131:
130:
125:
124:
123:
118:
108:
107:
106:
96:
95:
94:
92:IFSC victories
89:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4959:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4922:
4921:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:International
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:Organizations
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
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4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Early Winters
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:Black Diamond
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4551:The Dawn Wall
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4500:
4499:
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4493:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Bachar ladder
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Climbing wall
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:Approach shoe
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
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4250:
4249:
4248:
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4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3956:Climbing rope
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3837:First ascents
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
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3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Rock climbing
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3069:. 6 July 2017
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2929:
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2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2886:
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2870:
2863:
2860:
2848:
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2842:
2835:
2832:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2807:
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2801:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2683:
2682:
2681:ABC Australia
2677:
2670:
2667:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:9781461703310
2455:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2393:
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2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2284:
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2278:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2248:
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2239:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:Gimme Shelter
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1644:free climbing
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:free climbing
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1445:Rock climbing
1444:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1434:retro-bolting
1431:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1406:bolt chopping
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1386:climbing bolt
1383:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:In contrast,
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:Fred Rouhling
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1256:In 2021, the
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:mountain peak
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Greenpointing
1073:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1002:
994:
989:
984:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
919:
916:
911:
907:
903:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
867:
863:
859:
858:slab climbing
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
808:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Climbing area
760:
759:
758:
756:
755:
750:
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
724:
719:
715:
712:
708:
703:
696:
694:
692:
691:retro-bolting
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:greenpointing
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:directessimas
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:Kletterrouten
554:
550:
545:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
513:
511:
510:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
484:
482:
479:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
453:
448:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:Self rescuing
424:
422:
419:
415:
412:
411:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
382:
379:
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372:
369:
367:
364:
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359:
357:
354:
352:
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344:
342:
339:
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334:
332:
329:
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319:
318:
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315:
310:
302:
299:
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287:
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278:
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261:
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241:
236:
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218:
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213:
210:
209:
208:
205:
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198:
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4918:
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4894:
4882:
4826:USA Climbing
4726:Wild Country
4721:Therm-a-Rest
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4537:The Alpinist
4535:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4416:Campus board
4371:First ascent
4345:
4115:Ice and snow
3912:Belay device
3763:Alpine clubs
3723:Ropes course
3636:Alpine style
3392:. Retrieved
3387:
3378:
3359:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3336:
3330:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3285:
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3148:
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3122:
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3093:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3047:12 September
3045:. Retrieved
3039:
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3017:. Retrieved
3011:
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2982:
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2935:
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2872:
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2623:
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2513:
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2423:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2395:
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2368:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2336:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2262:
2255:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2224:
2215:
2196:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:The Guardian
2169:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2128:
2100:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2066:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2012:. Retrieved
2003:
1963:. Retrieved
1957:
1914:Alpine route
1897:Nanga Parbat
1855:alpine style
1840:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1788:Val di Cogne
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1757:
1750:Val di Cogne
1745:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:Ice climbing
1706:Ice climbing
1698:
1681:
1669:
1663:
1659:Salathé Wall
1657:
1647:
1640:aid climbing
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:in Britain,
1617:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1569:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1503:
1486:
1477:
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1410:
1391:
1342:route setter
1327:
1319:
1315:
1294:
1288:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1211:voie normale
1203:normal route
1196:
1183:
1173:
1165:direttissima
1163:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1117:
1107:
1092:alpine style
1090:" routes in
1072:free climbed
1069:
1054:
1047:Alex Honnold
1009:
982:is recorded.
964:first ascent
953:alpine grade
933:sport grades
896:
862:aid climbing
817:
811:
805:
790:Verdon Gorge
784:in the UK),
776:in the US),
752:
748:
742:
736:
730:
686:
676:
656:aid climbing
652:enchainments
632:first ascent
617:
585:ice climbing
543:
541:
485:
464:First ascent
366:Roof hacking
356:Rock hopping
272:Alpine style
4920:WikiProject
4756:Alpine Club
4751:Access Fund
4661:Lowe Alpine
4656:La Sportiva
4393:Fall factor
4286:Self-arrest
4262:Redpointing
4185:Snow anchor
3939:Boulder mat
3888:Daisy chain
3858:Terminology
3849:Terminology
3728:Rooftopping
3670:Hillwalking
3658:Dry-tooling
3624:Via ferrata
3537:Traditional
3515:Competition
3496:Multi-pitch
3479:Disciplines
3339:(76): 72–85
2316:26 November
2257:22 December
2231:22 December
1802:Dry tooling
1794:in Canada.
1686: [
1616:in Canada,
1613:Cobra Crack
1604:Shawangunks
1600:Super Crack
1588:The Phoenix
1571:Indian Face
1491: [
1304: [
1263:theCrag.com
1180:enchainment
1098:, and even
1096:fixed ropes
995:Terminology
970:(FFA), and
962:History of
910:multi-pitch
819:Walker Spur
800:in France).
749:theCrag.com
721: [
711:multi-pitch
687:The Project
666:), or even
660:fixed ropes
587:route, and
414:Redpointing
390:Key actions
361:Rooftopping
312:Other types
301:Hillwalking
289:Dry-tooling
260:Via ferrata
200:Traditional
178:Competition
159:Multi-pitch
128:Terminology
41:in the Alps
39:Les Droites
4936:Categories
4544:El Capitan
4308:Traversing
4257:Onsighting
4237:Glissading
4220:Dülfersitz
4215:Australian
4178:Transeiver
4123:Alpenstock
4056:Portaledge
4044:Copperhead
3983:Descenders
3917:Auto belay
3708:Commercial
3688:Buildering
3665:Scrambling
3575:Rock types
3566:Top roping
3503:Bouldering
3234:4 December
3149:HardClimbs
3094:99boulders
2760:GearJunkie
2514:UKClimbing
1936:References
1867:Changabang
1683:Bellavista
1654:El Capitan
1580:Lake Tahoe
1541:Jumbo Love
1474:California
1461:Bouldering
1415:movement.
1362:Alex Megos
1354:Adam Ondra
1310:'s famous
1065:El Capitan
1061:5.13a, 7c+
1016:projecting
976:top roping
945:ice grades
941:aid grades
904:Graphical
877:bouldering
868:equipment.
770:El Capitan
679:milestones
648:sit starts
573:bouldering
441:Techniques
436:Traversing
341:Commercial
321:Buildering
296:Scrambling
229:Top roping
166:Bouldering
4696:Patagonia
4579:Companies
4565:Hard Grit
4558:Free Solo
4426:MoonBoard
4421:Hangboard
4407:Training
4356:Guidebook
4331:Ape index
4296:Rope team
4210:Abseiling
4155:Ice screw
4061:Quickdraw
3944:Carabiner
3866:Equipment
3844:Technique
3810:Equipment
3693:Canyoning
3631:Himalayan
3559:Rope solo
3549:Free solo
3180:26 August
3154:26 August
3128:4 January
3099:26 August
3073:11 August
2991:26 August
2962:Bolt Wars
2956:23 August
2909:23 August
2878:26 August
2824:26 August
2793:26 August
2765:26 August
2739:26 August
2713:26 August
2687:26 August
2659:26 August
2631:26 August
2603:26 August
2575:26 August
2547:26 August
2519:26 August
2493:26 August
2431:26 August
2403:13 August
2375:26 August
2349:26 August
2177:26 August
2149:23 August
2102:26 August
2074:26 August
2043:26 August
2014:26 August
1965:26 August
1893:sea level
1889:Karakoram
1885:Himalayas
1820:) routes.
1810:Dolomites
1772:Octopussy
1768:Jeff Lowe
1678:Dolomites
1670:Dawn Wall
1665:Freerider
1632:in Italy.
1479:Dreamtime
1382:quickdraw
1224:Normalweg
1216:‹See Tfd›
1192:Patagonia
1175:Dreamtime
1170:sit start
1109:Free Solo
1056:Freerider
1051:free solo
866:abseiling
835:sandstone
827:limestone
668:free solo
624:onsighted
549:‹See Tfd›
450:Key terms
399:Abseiling
326:Canyoning
267:Himalayan
238:Types of
222:Rope solo
212:Free solo
137:Types of
99:Equipment
4896:Category
4743:National
4641:JanSport
4616:Five Ten
4491:Desnivel
4484:Climbing
4463:Alpinist
4388:Exposure
4366:Chipping
4313:Tyrolean
4303:Spotting
4274:Crevasse
4252:Flashing
4242:Jumaring
4227:Belaying
4190:Snowshoe
4148:Ice tool
4138:Crampons
3988:Figure-8
3900:Ascender
3768:Climbers
3508:Highball
3491:Big wall
3456:Climbing
3206:21 March
3041:Climbing
3013:Climbing
2984:Alpinist
2903:Climbing
2846:Climbing
2818:Climbing
2787:Climbing
2569:Climbing
2397:Climbing
2310:Climbing
2096:Climbing
1959:Climbing
1908:See also
1887:and the
1863:The Ogre
1796:Iron Man
1649:The Nose
1626:Meltdown
1618:Rhapsody
1594:, first
1592:Yosemite
1582:, first
1340:where a
1336:, as is
1321:Climbing
1281:chipping
1119:The Nose
1049:'s 2017
1012:redpoint
898:The Nose
683:chipping
630:). The
620:redpoint
565:mountain
421:Jumaring
404:Belaying
171:Highball
154:Big wall
82:Climbers
58:Climbing
50:a series
48:Part of
4908:Commons
4862:(UIMLA)
4856:(UIAGM)
4247:Leading
4164:Rescue
4143:Ice axe
4093:Camalot
4027:Lanyard
4010:Skyhook
3995:Harness
3966:Dynamic
3949:Maillon
3922:Glasses
3803:Everest
3794:Deaths
3713:Parkour
3413:theCrag
3228:Outside
3019:1 March
2852:22 June
2037:theCrag
1859:Latok I
1792:Musashi
1780:X-files
1776:Reptile
1748:in the
1740:in the
1734:Riptide
1676:in the
1602:in the
1551:Silence
1314:route,
1230:Debates
1084:cleaner
1024:onsight
889:pitches
873:pitches
864:and/or
831:granite
816:or the
741:or the
709:" of a
697:Details
628:flashed
605:pitches
599:on its
583:route,
579:route,
575:route,
561:climber
409:Leading
346:Parkour
4947:Routes
4884:Portal
4850:(UIAA)
4844:(IFSC)
4676:Millet
4666:Mammut
4631:Grivel
4601:Deuter
4519:Summit
4403:Guides
4398:Grades
4269:Rescue
4203:Action
4105:Tricam
4071:Grigri
4017:Hammer
3971:Static
3927:Gloves
3895:Anchor
3815:Brands
3619:Alpine
3366:
3263:18 May
2947:
2456:
2203:
2140:
2039:. 2023
1869:, and
1790:, and
1744:, and
1736:, and
1718:, and
1680:(e.g.
1476:, and
1398:pitons
1360:, and
1265:, and
1220:German
1207:French
966:(FA),
638:, and
611:(e.g.
553:German
459:Anchor
250:Alpine
4701:Petzl
4651:Kelty
4441:Media
4376:Pitch
4341:Clean
4324:Other
4173:RECCO
4100:Shoes
4088:SLCDs
4083:Sling
4051:Piton
4000:Hooks
3978:Chalk
3905:Croll
3883:Aider
3820:Knots
3756:Lists
3738:Slide
3703:Grass
3698:Crane
3681:Other
3653:Mixed
3582:Crack
3532:Sport
3520:Speed
3463:Types
3394:2 May
3343:1 May
3292:5 May
2288:5 May
2008:(PDF)
1871:Jannu
1847:Eiger
1690:]
1630:Tribe
1495:]
1488:Gioia
1394:bolts
1350:5.15d
1312:Buoux
1308:]
1290:Akira
1136:Eiger
1114:speed
1100:alone
1080:bolts
1028:flash
943:, or
921:Grade
917:(es).
833:, or
796:(for
794:Ceuse
786:Buoux
780:(for
772:(for
725:]
650:, or
501:Pitch
496:Guide
486:Route
481:Grade
376:Slide
336:Grass
331:Crane
255:Mixed
195:Sport
183:Speed
104:Knots
73:Lists
4591:CAMP
4381:Topo
4351:Beta
4279:Self
4076:Revo
4066:SLDs
4005:Fifi
3961:Cord
3934:Bolt
3875:Rock
3743:Tree
3718:Pole
3597:Slab
3592:Roof
3587:Face
3544:Solo
3527:Free
3396:2023
3364:ISBN
3345:2023
3294:2023
3265:2023
3236:2022
3208:2023
3182:2023
3156:2023
3130:2022
3101:2023
3075:2023
3049:2023
3021:2023
2993:2023
2958:2023
2945:ISBN
2911:2023
2880:2023
2854:2022
2826:2023
2795:2023
2767:2023
2741:2023
2715:2023
2689:2023
2661:2023
2633:2023
2605:2023
2577:2023
2549:2023
2521:2023
2495:2023
2454:ISBN
2433:2023
2405:2023
2377:2023
2351:2023
2318:2022
2290:2023
2259:2022
2233:2022
2201:ISBN
2179:2023
2151:2023
2138:ISBN
2104:2023
2076:2023
2045:2023
2016:2023
1967:2023
1782:and
1638:and
1624:and
1453:and
1378:rope
1296:Hugh
1293:and
1020:beta
988:beta
951:and
925:crux
915:crux
906:topo
893:lead
792:and
766:crag
707:Topo
601:crux
597:beta
491:Beta
474:FFFA
381:Tree
371:Rope
351:Pole
207:Solo
190:Free
4711:REI
4706:Rab
4039:Nut
4032:PAC
4022:Hex
3648:Ice
3486:Aid
1786:in
1770:'s
1608:7b+
1596:7c+
1590:in
1578:in
1536:9a+
1510:V17
1500:V16
1483:V15
1396:or
1287:'s
1194:).
1190:in
1122:).
1063:),
1053:of
883:or
751:or
469:FFA
284:Ice
149:Aid
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