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happy marriage at the end, Nelson notes how Fenice fails in avoiding Iseut's reputation--Iseut, another adulteress who Fenice looks down upon. However, as a result of Fenice's own plotting to maintain her relationship with Cligès, she presents herself as "an adultress who went to any extreme to satisfy her passion" Instead of being remembered as the heroine, then, Fenice is remembered as a sinner who must atone for her sins. Nelson finds that such atonement takes its form in the presentation of the three doctors who attempt to take care of Fenice when she feigns illness; Nelson claims that the reader "heartily approves" when the doctors start to hurt Fenice in an effort to discover what her true plot is. Because of such approval, the reader therefore views the torture that Fenice experiences as a form of atonement or necessary punishment for her immoral actions.
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three doctors are called in to heal Fenice. Upon realizing Fenice's deception, the three doctors torture Fenice in order to discover what she is hiding. Fenice, however, says nothing and is eventually spirited away by Cligès. Soon, however, they are found in their tower hiding-place by
Bertrand, who tells Alis. Cligès goes to Arthur to ask for help in getting his kingdom back from his uncle, but Alis dies while he is away. Cligès and Fenice now are free to marry, and Cligès becomes emperor.
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Alexander and his family then return to Greece and find out that
Alexander's brother, Alis, has claimed the Greek throne after their father's death. Although Alexander is the rightful heir to the throne, he concedes to Alis under the condition that Alis not marry or have children, so that the throne
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character. Although Cligès displays the ability to master the social forms and rhetoric of the court, it is without substance. Lacy claims that the actions of Cligès and Fenice may seem to represent courtliness or chivalric traits, but at their core they are not moral. Lacy believes that Chrètien's
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Many years after
Alexander's death, Alis is persuaded to marry. He chooses as his bride Fenice, the daughter of the German Emperor. Thus begins the story of Cligès and Fenice. Cligès falls in love with his uncle's wife, who also loves Cligès; he follows in his father's footsteps to Arthur's kingdom
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The discussion of morality in relation to Fenice's character continues in "The Public and
Private Images of 'Cliges' Fenice", written by D. Nelson. Nelson, like Lacy, claims that Fenice's actions are not moral, even though readers are expected to celebrate her happy ending with Cligès. Despite her
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As Cligès and Fenice still love each other, Fenice concocts a plan to use magic to trick Alis and allow them to escape. With the help of a potion provided by her governess, she fakes illness so that she could eventually die and reunite with Cligès. However, before she could fake her actual death,
350:. This prose version differs from the original in several aspects, and the story is thought to have been adapted to the cultural and political circumstances of the Burgundian court at the time. Its first modern prose edition was written by
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scholar Z. P. Zaddy supports the dual story approach, but also divides the text even further as creates a new structure where the two stories are split into eight episodes. This approach is intended to make the text read more dramatically.
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from the traitorous Count Angrès. During his time at court, Alexander meets Arthur's niece, Soredamors; they quickly fall in love, but neither party is able to tell the other how they feel. Queen
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to be knighted. Like his father, he does well in King Arthur's court, participating in tournaments and displaying courtly manners. He is knighted and returns home.
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Kelly, Douglas (January 1976). "Chrétien
Studies: Problems of Form and Meaning in Erec, Yvain, Cliges and the Charrete. Z. P. Zaddy".
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can be better understood by dividing the text into two parts, or two nearly separate stories. The first story consists of
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takes notice and encourages them to express their mutual love. They then marry and a child is born, named Cligès.
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examines the characters found in Cligès and argues that Chrètien uses the story as an ironic presentation of
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apart from his contemporaries and their work. Chrétien used many Latin writing techniques such as nature
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has come down to us through seven manuscripts and various fragments. The poem comprises 6,664
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give some of the only extant information on the creator's biography and earlier work.
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version known from a few fragments and references. In the 15th century, an unknown
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There are many stylistic techniques that set Chrétien de Troyes and his work
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Lacy, Norris J. "Cligès" and
Courtliness". Interpretations, Vol. 15, No. 2
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will pass to Cligès. Alexander then dies, and Cligès is raised in Greece.
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Le Livre de
Alixandre Empereur de Constentinoble et de Cligés Son Filz.
547:(in German). Translated by Kasten, Ingrid. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
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Nelson, D. (1981), "The Public and
Private Images of 'Cligès' Fenice",
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Nelson, D. (1981), "The Public and
Private Images of 'Cligès' Fenice",
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Le Livre de
Alixandre Empereur de Constentinoble et de Cligés Son Filz
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is meant to throw doubt on the value and validity of courtliness.
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Another scholar, Lucie Polak, sees the text as a reworking of
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Chrétien De Troyes in Prose: The Burgundian Erec and Cligés
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Cligès, Auf der Grundlage des Textes von Wendelin Foerster
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Chrétien de Troyes; Owen, D. D. R. (translator) (1988).
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The Creation of the First Arthurian Romance: A Quest.
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533:. (London: Grant & Cutler Ltd, 1982).
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682:in a freely-distributable PDF document
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2010:Qntal III: Tristan und Isolde
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2109:(Egusquiza)
1964:Discography
1405:Joyous Gard
1363:Brocéliande
1323:Round Table
1151:Leodegrance
1121:Gwenhwyfach
850:Round Table
748:Constantine
718:King Arthur
255:King Arthur
214:amplificato
208:conjointure
202:portraiture
94:6,664 lines
2124:Categories
1930:Arthur Rex
1850:Chevrefoil
1752:Characters
1308:Holy Grail
1277:Petitcrieu
858:Bagdemagus
671:(includes
591:2018-12-11
372:References
365:Sir Cleges
340:Burgundian
168:Background
78:Verse form
51:Old French
2054:Lovespell
1975:Liebestod
1818:Béroul's
1764:Brangaine
1623:Philomela
1606:Works by
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1303:Excalibur
1272:Gringolet
1246:Vortigern
1181:Maleagant
1156:Lohengrin
1051:Brunor(s)
1046:Brangaine
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958:Pellinore
948:Palamedes
793:Guinevere
788:Gingalain
420:0038-7134
317:Narcissus
295:chivalric
263:Guinevere
37:Author(s)
2020:" (2005)
1812:Tristran
1784:Meliodas
1703:Lancelot
1446:In media
1430:Tintagel
1420:Lyonesse
1395:Corbenic
1385:Celliwig
1375:Caerleon
1236:Taliesin
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1126:Hellawes
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1056:Catigern
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963:Percival
928:Lancelot
908:Galehaut
863:Bedivere
818:Morgause
738:Agravain
720:and the
400:Speculum
358:See also
281:Analysis
242:Synopsis
184:couplets
157:Perceval
151:Lancelot
123:medieval
47:Language
2018:Tristan
2002:Tristan
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1684:Related
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1346:Astolat
1318:Prydwen
1313:Pridwen
1296:Objects
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1146:Laudine
1131:Hengist
1111:Guiomar
1101:Gorlois
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991:Accolon
973:Tristan
953:Pelleas
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898:Dinadan
888:Dagonet
883:Caradoc
808:Mordred
798:Igraine
773:Gaheris
753:Culhwch
638:Cligès
428:2851026
99:Subject
2081:(2006)
2073:(1988)
2065:(1982)
2057:(1981)
2049:(1981)
2041:(1943)
2013:(2003)
1941:(1980)
1933:(1978)
1925:(1971)
1917:(1939)
1909:(1923)
1901:(1903)
1893:(1882)
1885:(1852)
1843:Cligès
1834:Prose
1769:Iseult
1637:Cligès
1474:Topics
1463:comics
1425:Sarras
1415:Logres
1351:Avalon
1338:Places
1267:Cavall
1231:Sebile
1226:Rience
1196:Merlin
1171:Lunete
1166:Lucius
1136:Iseult
938:Lionel
933:Lanval
893:Daniel
878:Cligès
873:Brunor
783:Gawain
778:Gareth
730:Family
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231:Cligès
227:Cligès
191:Cligès
181:rhymed
173:Cligès
162:Cligès
140:Cligès
126:French
118:Cligés
115:(also
112:Cligès
91:Length
32:Cligès
18:Cligés
1989:1887)
1949:Music
1615:Works
1251:Yniol
1211:Olwen
1096:Garel
1081:Enide
838:Yvain
833:Urien
758:Ector
743:Cador
424:JSTOR
196:topos
145:Yvain
128:poet
68:Genre
2029:Film
768:Hoel
613:ISBN
549:ISBN
488:ISBN
450:ISBN
416:ISSN
217:and
154:and
63:1176
57:Date
2089:Art
1987:ca.
1161:Lot
1021:Ban
803:Kay
666:at
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408:doi
319:.
285:In
179:in
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