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screen was a row of doors, at either end of which was the figure of a falcon. During the day a small crescent moved at constant speed in front of the doors and at every hour a door rotated to reveal a different colour, the falcons leant forward, discharged pellets on to cymbals and resumed their upright positions. Above the doors a zodiac circle rotated at constant speed. Above this was a semicircle of twelve circular holes. During the night one of these holes became fully illuminated every hour. The clock was operated by the "Archimedes" water machinery and the motion transmitted to the activating mechanisms by pulley and rope systems."
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in 1203. This treatise describes the reconstruction by Ridwan of the water clock which was built by his father, Muhammad al-Saati, in the reign of Nur al-Din Mahmud b. Zanki in
Damascus (reigned 1154–74). "The clock-face consisted of wall of timber about 4.23 metres wide and 2.78 metres high. In this
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Abdel Aziz al-Jaraki, "When
Ridhwan al-Sa’ati Anteceded Big Ben by More than Six Centuries", 2007 (Muslimheritage.com)
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A full-size reconstruction of the clock can be seen in the
Nationaal Beiaard- en Natuurmuseum Asten in the Netherlands.
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Hill, Donald
Routledge. "A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times", p. 234
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The summary of the description by Ridwan b. al-Saati is from A.F.L. Beeston a.o.
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131:(1991), "Arabic Mechanical Engineering: Survey of the Historical Sources",
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Arabic
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36:On the Construction of Clocks and their Use
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