64:
42:
2764:
Since they are commonly found in soils and in microbiota of humans and animals, Clostridia wounds and infections are found worldwide. Host defenses against the microbe are nearly absent, and very little innate immunity exists, if any. Clostridia can be diagnosed by recognizing the characteristics of
3250:
Labus, Jennifer S.; Hsiao, Elaine; Tap, Julien; Derrien, Muriel; Gupta, Arpana; Le Nevé, Boris; Brazeilles, Rémi; Grinsvall, Cecilia; Ohman, Lena; Törnblom, Hans; Tillisch, Kirsten; Simren, Magnus; Mayer, Emeran A. (2017). "Clostridia from the Gut
Microbiome are Associated with Brain Functional
276:
organisms that ferment plant polysaccharides and are found in many places in the environment, most notably the soil. However, the genus does contain some human pathogens (outlined below). The toxins produced by certain members of the genus
2765:
the lesion of the infection along with Gram stains of the tissue and bacterial culture. Although the body does not have adequate defenses alone, this microbe can be controlled with the help of antibiotics, like penicillin, and tissue
265:
group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called
Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.
5335:
3002:
450:
3025:
2820:
in the gut microbiome and overall mental health, with gut microbiome transplants as an avenue of future research into novel treatments for certain psychiatric disorders.
3311:
3203:"The long-term effects of faecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal symptoms and general health in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection"
5309:
5348:
3029:
454:
371:
5175:
4684:
4115:
3677:
3453:
2801:(CDI). Effects of this infection include severe diarrhea and the severity of many bowel related diseases is also increased as a result of the infection. Other
3281:
5283:
5322:
2829:
3304:
3144:
464:
330:
2798:
2871:
5384:
3349:
3297:
3344:
5327:
5183:
3428:
3418:
3401:
3093:
394:
5422:
2809:
413:
63:
5353:
366:
3072:
3833:
3176:
3149:
3122:
2834:
2793:
471:
378:
335:
169:
4700:
518:
5152:
4996:
4792:
3433:
2839:
2627:
551:
314:
164:
4064:
5200:
4977:
4184:
4164:
3648:
2651:
568:
4616:
4517:
840:
768:
4510:
4491:
4318:
4238:
4017:
3396:
2940:"Anaerobes and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: Virulence Factors Contributing to Vaginal Colonisation"
2524:
2417:
2368:
1491:
1336:
1075:
705:
688:
354:
126:
50:
5078:
4904:
4880:
4851:
4738:
4662:
4546:
4524:
3765:
2791:
Overuse of antibiotics can cause imbalance of the gut microbiome, leading to overgrowth of the species
2474:
1859:
1452:
1286:
648:
4784:
4628:
4250:
4213:
4191:
4100:
4088:
2541:
2296:
1467:
857:
143:
5389:
5363:
5270:
5047:
4984:
4866:
4760:
4076:
4005:
3982:
3599:
3562:
3510:
2351:
2122:
2017:
1910:
960:
785:
418:
149:
4650:
4479:
4269:
4231:
2146:
1539:
174:
5412:
5159:
5053:
4808:
4601:
4531:
4143:
3987:
2889:"Functional diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes enabling a bacterium to ferment plant biomass"
1927:
1886:
1270:
817:
631:
298:
244:
114:
5140:
5066:
4498:
2491:
2001:
1439:
1319:
5417:
5102:
4892:
4589:
4281:
4131:
3413:
3391:
3379:
3354:
2327:
1515:
935:
737:
342:
183:
154:
58:
2434:
5371:
5257:
4839:
4400:
4306:
3423:
3386:
3374:
3364:
3232:
3224:
2979:
2961:
2920:
2867:
1675:
385:
248:
3842:
5058:
4816:
4771:
4724:
4562:
3728:
3338:
3260:
3214:
2969:
2951:
2910:
2900:
2219:
2163:
1690:
1556:
1188:
159:
5376:
5314:
5238:
5109:
5013:
4826:
4821:
4575:
4377:
4355:
4170:
3883:
3854:
3804:
3639:
3534:
3502:
3201:
Jalanka, J.; Hillamaa, A.; Satokari, R.; Mattila, E.; Anttila, V.-J.; Arkkila, P. (2018).
2067:
1204:
1148:
1132:
1091:
430:
290:
137:
5089:
5028:
5019:
4916:
4872:
4680:
4643:
4557:
4449:
4390:
3893:
3870:
3573:
3486:
3473:
3468:
3369:
3289:
2974:
2939:
2915:
2888:
2778:
1655:
1642:
976:
438:
323:
3264:
2816:. This preliminary research seems to suggest a tentative link between the presence of
251:
and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class
Clostridia are often but not always
41:
5406:
5095:
4749:
4468:
4408:
4385:
4324:
4111:
3994:
3972:
3941:
3915:
3816:
3630:
3521:
3497:
3478:
3449:
2813:
2272:
1638:
1391:
502:
425:
282:
257:
252:
132:
120:
5262:
4955:
4945:
4669:
4461:
4433:
4342:
4262:
4198:
4053:
4028:
3951:
3547:
3529:
1052:
390:
226:
2905:
2805:
bacteria in the gut have been linked to brain connectivity and healthy function.
5296:
5232:
4927:
4831:
4438:
4365:
2766:
235:
5040:
4932:
4711:
4443:
4370:
3673:
3553:
3320:
2223:
1714:
1235:
273:
5223:
3228:
3171:
2965:
4423:
3689:
2956:
2857:
2855:
262:
230:
85:
3236:
2983:
2924:
17:
5249:
3051:
5217:
3408:
3324:
3117:
359:
319:
281:
are among the most dangerous known. Examples are tetanus toxin (known as
75:
5340:
2998:
3695:
2215:
1747:
347:
240:
5301:
3219:
3202:
5194:
5288:
261:) and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a
2944:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
5198:
3293:
2866:(4th ed.). Galveston: Universirt of Texas Medical Branch.
5275:
2887:
Boutard, Magali; Cerisy, Tristan; Nogue, Pierre-Yves (2014).
2812:
to treat their CDI have seen improvements in their mood and
239:
and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the
3003:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
451:
List of
Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
437:
Some of the enzymes produced by this group are used in
2938:
Africa, Charlene; Nel, Janske; Stemmet, Megan (2014).
5207:
5132:
5006:
4807:
4692:
4679:
4422:
4354:
4296:
4223:
4123:
4110:
4046:
3965:
3934:
3927:
3832:
3672:
3620:
3461:
3448:
297:. Some species have been isolated from women with
2777:Clostridia bacteria are commonly found in the
3305:
3030:National Center for Biotechnology Information
455:National Center for Biotechnology Information
449:The currently accepted taxonomy based on the
8:
5195:
4689:
4120:
3931:
3458:
3312:
3298:
3290:
3251:Connectivity and Evoked Symptoms in IBS".
3207:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
434:are also members of the class Clostridia.
40:
31:
3218:
2973:
2955:
2914:
2904:
459:
2851:
309:Notable species of this class include:
2830:List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
3196:
3194:
2808:Patients that have been subjected to
7:
5364:987d69ea-7d9a-49fc-900f-804a621fcdb6
372:acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation
2643:
2619:
2611:
2516:
2466:
2459:
2409:
2402:
2343:
2319:
2312:
2288:
2264:
2257:
2206:
2138:
2114:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2058:
2051:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1902:
1875:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1668:
1661:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1531:
1507:
1483:
1459:
1432:
1425:
1370:
1311:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1181:
1124:
1067:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
952:
927:
832:
810:
760:
753:
730:
680:
673:
623:
616:
608:
601:
543:
495:
488:
480:
25:
62:
3073:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
484:Firmicutes 3 ♦
1:
3265:10.1016/S0016-5085(17)30496-1
1824:♦ Paraphyletic "Clostridiia"
395:infectious necrotic hepatitis
2906:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004773
2810:fecal microbiota transplants
3285:cluster reference sequences
3094:"LTP_08_2023 Release Notes"
2769:for the more severe cases.
2284:"Desulfotomaculota" ♦
414:Clostridium phytofermentans
5439:
470:120 marker proteins based
367:Clostridium acetobutylicum
268:Most species of the genus
5169:
4706:"Acidulodesulfobacteriia"
3332:
2665:
2648:
2641:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2538:
2521:
2514:
2488:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2431:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2365:
2348:
2341:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2293:
2286:
2270:
2262:
2255:
2212:
2204:
2160:
2143:
2136:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2064:
2056:
2049:
2014:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1977:
1924:
1907:
1900:
1880:
1873:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1834:
1770:
1745:
1712:
1688:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1553:
1536:
1529:
1512:
1505:
1488:
1481:
1464:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1388:
1375:
1368:
1333:
1316:
1309:
1283:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1201:
1186:
1179:
1146:
1129:
1122:
1089:
1072:
1065:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
974:
957:
950:
932:
925:
854:
837:
830:
815:
808:
782:
765:
758:
751:
735:
728:
702:
685:
678:
671:
645:
628:
621:
614:
612:Firmicutes 2 ♦
606:
565:
548:
541:
515:
500:
493:
486:
469:
462:
189:
182:
110:
105:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
4963:"Thermodesulfovibrionia"
4701:Acidulodesulfobacteriota
3716:"Thermosediminibacteria"
3654:"Marinamargulisbacteria"
3177:Genome Taxonomy Database
3150:Genome Taxonomy Database
3123:Genome Taxonomy Database
3032:(NCBI) taxonomy database
2835:List of bacterial orders
2794:Clostridioides difficile
2786:Clostridioides difficile
2615:Bacillota A ♦
2110:Bacillota D ♦
1847:Bacillota E ♦
519:Caldicellulosiruptorales
379:Clostridium haemolyticum
336:pseudomembranous colitis
331:Clostridioides difficile
170:Thermosediminibacterales
4997:Thermodesulfobacteriota
4798:"Thermosulfidibacteria"
3657:"Riflemargulisbacteria"
3118:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
2957:10.3390/ijerph110706979
2840:List of bacteria genera
401:Clostridium oedematiens
315:Clostridium perfringens
165:Thermoanaerobacteriales
5153:Salinosulfoleibacteria
4971:"Lambdaproteobacteria"
4793:Thermosulfidibacterota
4070:"Macinerneyibacteriia"
3713:"Thermoanaerobacteria"
3640:Vampirovibrionophyceae
3145:"bac120_r214.sp_label"
2862:Baron, Samuel (1996).
2628:Thermosediminibacteria
552:Thermosediminibacteria
4065:Macinerneyibacteriota
2773:Clostridia and health
2671:(incl. Tissierellia)
1776:(incl. Tissierellia)
355:Clostridium botulinum
51:Clostridium botulinum
5048:Polarisedimenticolia
5036:"Guanabaribacteriia"
4978:Schekmaniibacteriota
4719:"Desulfurobacteriia"
4634:"Handelsmanbacteria"
4622:"Krumholzibacteriia"
4185:Firestoneibacteriota
4165:Desantisiibacteriota
3983:Coprothermobacterota
3863:"Absconditabacteria"
3780:"Desulfitobacteriia"
3649:Margulisiibacteriota
3024:Sayers; et al.
2864:Medical Microbiology
2652:Thermoanaerobacteria
2210:Bacillota s.s.
569:Thermoanaerobacteria
419:biomass fermentation
206:Watanabe et al. 2019
5423:Bacterial vaginosis
5182:Alternative views:
5054:Thermoanaerobaculia
4857:"Anaeroferrophilia"
4809:Deltaproteobacteria
4781:Desulfobacterota G
4644:Neomarinimicrobiota
4617:Krumholzibacteriota
4518:Edwardsiibacteriota
4244:"Hinthialibacteria"
4023:"Thermodesulfobiia"
3988:Coprothermobacteria
3800:"Halanaerobiaeota"
3748:"Thermaerobacteria"
3635:"Sericytochromatia"
2062:"Halanaerobiaeota"
1271:Thermolithobacteria
841:Desulfitibacterales
769:Calderihabitantales
299:bacterial vaginosis
245:aerobic respiration
212:Sorokin et al. 2021
204:"Desulfotomaculia"
200:Cavalier-Smith 2020
194:Cavalier-Smith 2020
4910:"Methylomirabilia"
4860:"Deferrimicrobiia"
4744:"Calescibacteriia"
4570:"Raymondbacteriia"
4552:"Fermentibacteria"
4511:Delongiibacteriota
4492:Coatesiibacteriota
4319:Lindowiibacteriota
4239:Hinthialibacterota
4018:Thermodesulfobiota
3866:"Andersenbacteria"
3792:"Syntrophomonadia"
3783:"Desulfotomaculia"
3774:"Carboxydothermia"
3605:"Eudoremicrobiia"
3590:"Heboniibacteriia"
2525:Carboxydothermales
2477:" {GCA-003054495}
2418:Thermacetogeniales
2369:Desulfitobacteriia
1492:Desulfitobacteriia
1337:Desulfofundulaceae
1076:Thermodesulfobiota
706:Thermacetogeniales
689:Carboxydothermales
343:Clostridium tetani
249:obligate anaerobes
127:Desulfotomaculales
5400:
5399:
5372:Open Tree of Life
5201:Taxon identifiers
5192:
5191:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5079:Leptospirillaeota
5033:"Fischerbacteria"
4905:Methylomirabilota
4881:Desulfuromonadota
4852:Deferrimicrobiota
4776:"Deferribacteria"
4739:Calescibacteriota
4729:"Campylobacteria"
4663:Tianyaibacteriota
4637:"Latescibacteria"
4547:Fermentibacterota
4525:Eiseniibacteriota
4427:(Sphingobacteria)
4401:Verrucomicrobiota
4359:(Planctobacteria)
4256:"Hydrogenedentia"
4158:"Tritonobacteria"
4042:
4041:
3908:"Saccharimonadia"
3889:"Howlettbacteria"
3828:
3827:
3812:"Selenobacteria"
3777:"Dehalobacteriia"
3771:"Carboxydocellia"
3766:Desulfotomaculota
3756:"Hydrogenisporia"
3745:"Symbiobacteriia"
3734:"Proteinivoracia"
3578:"Abditibacteriia"
3491:"Geothermincolia"
3220:10.1111/apt.14443
2799:serious infection
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2503:
2502:
2475:Carboxydocellales
2446:
2445:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2268:"Selenobacteria"
2244:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2079:
2078:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2028:
1990:Bacillota G
1966:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1860:Thermaerobacteria
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1759:
1758:
1750:{Bacillota s.s.}
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1701:
1700:
1676:Acholeplasmatales
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1453:Desulfotomaculota
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1298:
1297:
1287:Carboxydocellales
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
887:
886:
878:
877:
869:
868:
797:
796:
717:
716:
660:
659:
649:Thermaerobacteria
598:
597:
589:
588:
580:
579:
530:
529:
405:Clostridium novyi
386:Clostridium novyi
374:, or ABE process)
219:
218:
213:
210:"Natranaerobiia"
207:
201:
195:
101:
27:Class of bacteria
16:(Redirected from
5430:
5393:
5392:
5380:
5379:
5367:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5344:
5343:
5331:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5305:
5304:
5292:
5291:
5279:
5278:
5266:
5265:
5253:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5196:
5084:"Leptospirillia"
5059:Vicinamibacteria
4990:"Entotheonellia"
4886:Desulfuromonadia
4817:Bdellovibrionota
4785:Syntrophorhabdia
4772:Deferribacterota
4725:Campylobacterota
4690:
4629:Latescibacterota
4563:Chitinivibrionia
4540:"Tariuqbacteria"
4413:Verrucomicrobiia
4251:Hydrogenedentota
4214:Ratteibacteriota
4207:"Velamenicoccia"
4192:Goldiibacteriota
4155:"Erginobacteria"
4149:"Ancaeobacteria"
4121:
4101:Walliibacteriota
4089:Rifleibacteriota
4082:"Muiribacteriia"
4011:"Lithacetigenia"
3932:
3902:"Microgenomatia"
3879:"Doudnabacteria"
3724:"Dethiobacteria"
3683:
3663:"Termititenacia"
3627:Cyanobacteriota
3611:"Eremiobacteria"
3542:"Limnocylindria"
3516:"Bipolaricaulia"
3459:
3361:
3341:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3269:
3268:
3253:Gastroenterology
3247:
3241:
3240:
3222:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2959:
2950:(7): 6979–7000.
2935:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2899:(11): e1004773.
2884:
2878:
2877:
2859:
2644:
2620:
2612:
2542:Desulfotomaculia
2517:
2467:
2460:
2410:
2403:
2344:
2320:
2313:
2297:Syntrophomonadia
2289:
2265:
2258:
2220:Erysipelotrichia
2207:
2139:
2115:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2059:
2052:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1903:
1876:
1852:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1691:Erysipelotrichia
1669:
1662:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1532:
1508:
1484:
1468:Desulfotomaculia
1460:
1433:
1426:
1371:
1312:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1238:" 1 ♦
1189:Chitinivibrionia
1182:
1125:
1068:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
953:
928:
858:Syntrophomonadia
833:
811:
761:
754:
731:
681:
674:
624:
617:
609:
602:
544:
496:
489:
481:
460:
211:
205:
199:
198:"Halanaerobiia"
193:
160:Natranaerobiales
144:Heliobacteriales
99:
67:
66:
44:
32:
21:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5388:
5383:
5375:
5370:
5362:
5360:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5334:
5326:
5321:
5313:
5308:
5300:
5295:
5287:
5282:
5274:
5269:
5261:
5256:
5248:
5246:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5203:
5193:
5188:
5176:Bergey's Manual
5165:
5120:
5115:"Pseudomonadia"
5025:"Aminicenantia"
5014:Acidobacteriota
5002:
4985:Tectimicrobiota
4867:Deferrisomatota
4827:Bdellovibrionia
4822:Bacteriovoracia
4803:
4761:Dadaibacteriota
4683:
4675:
4670:Zixiibacteriota
4656:"Marinisomatia"
4610:"Stahlbacteria"
4583:"Glassbacteria"
4576:Gemmatimonadota
4485:"Cloacimonadia"
4450:Ignavibacteriia
4426:
4418:
4405:Kiritimatiellia
4395:"Uabimicrobiia"
4378:Planctomycetota
4358:
4350:
4299:bacteriobiontes
4298:
4292:
4275:"Saltatorellae"
4219:
4171:Elusimicrobiota
4114:
4106:
4094:"Ozemibacteria"
4077:Muiribacteriota
4038:
4006:Lithacetigenota
3995:Dictyoglomerota
3961:
3923:
3911:"Torokbacteria"
3905:"Paceibacteria"
3899:"Kazanbacteria"
3884:Gracilibacteria
3876:"Dojkabacteria"
3855:Patescibacteria
3848:"Elulimicrobia"
3824:
3742:"Sulfobacillia"
3681:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3660:"Saganbacteria"
3621:Cyanoprokaryota
3616:
3600:Eremiobacterota
3568:"Dormibacteria"
3563:Dormiibacterota
3539:Ktedonobacteria
3535:Dehalococcoidia
3511:Bipolaricaulota
3503:Thermoleophilia
3494:"Humimicrobiia"
3452:
3444:
3443:
3359:
3337:
3328:
3318:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3172:"Taxon History"
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2826:
2789:
2775:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2504:
2447:
2390:
2381:
2352:Dehalobacteriia
2245:
2236:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2123:Proteinivoracia
2080:
2039:
2030:
2018:Hydrogenisporia
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1911:Symbiobacteriia
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1760:
1735:
1726:
1702:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1413:
1404:
1358:
1349:
1299:
1225:
1216:
1205:Planctobacteria
1169:
1160:
1149:Acidobacteriota
1112:
1103:
1092:Elusimicrobiota
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
961:Symbiobacteriia
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
798:
786:Koleobacterales
718:
661:
599:
590:
581:
531:
463:16S rRNA based
453:(LPSN) and the
447:
431:Christensenella
307:
291:botulinum toxin
150:Koleobacterales
138:Halanaerobiales
98:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5436:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5381:
5368:
5358:
5345:
5332:
5319:
5306:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5254:
5244:
5229:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5090:Pseudomonadota
5087:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5029:Blastocatellia
5026:
5023:
5020:Acidobacteriia
5010:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:"Bradymonadia"
4935:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:"Moduliflexia"
4913:
4912:
4911:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4873:Deferrisomatia
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:"Dadabacteria"
4757:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4696:
4694:
4687:
4681:Proteobacteria
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4651:Marinisomatota
4647:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:"Hydrothermia"
4598:
4597:
4596:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:Gemmatimonadia
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4558:Fibrobacterota
4555:
4554:
4553:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:"Electryoneia"
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:"Cosmopolitia"
4495:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4480:Cloacimonadota
4476:
4475:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4456:
4455:"Kapabacteria"
4453:
4446:
4441:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4406:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4391:Planctomycetia
4388:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4362:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:"Brachyspirae"
4330:
4329:"Brevinematia"
4322:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4302:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4270:Saltatorellota
4266:
4263:Poribacteriota
4259:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4235:
4232:Abyssubacteria
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:Elusimicrobiia
4168:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4152:"Auribacteria"
4150:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4125:
4118:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:Fusobacteriota
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:Dictyoglomeria
3992:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3936:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:Katanobacteria
3890:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:Berkelbacteria
3867:
3864:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3795:"Thermincolia"
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:Natranaerobiia
3725:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3686:
3684:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3587:Fimbriimonadia
3585:
3584:Chthonomonadia
3582:
3579:
3574:Armatimonadota
3571:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3487:Coriobacteriia
3484:
3483:"Aquicultoria"
3481:
3476:
3474:Acidimicrobiia
3469:Actinomycetota
3465:
3463:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:Mesomycetozoea
3431:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3370:Diaphoretickes
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:classification
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3276:External links
3274:
3271:
3270:
3242:
3213:(3): 371–379.
3190:
3163:
3136:
3109:
3085:
3064:
3043:
3016:
2997:J. P. Euzéby.
2989:
2930:
2879:
2872:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2788:
2783:
2779:gut microbiome
2774:
2771:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:" {DSM-12270}
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:Natranaerobiia
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:Dethiobacteria
2142:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1772:"Clostridiia"
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1656:Mycoplasmatota
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:Fusobacteriota
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:Natranaerobiia
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:Dethiobacteria
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
977:Actinomycetota
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
931:
926:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
898:
894:
893:
890:
889:
885:
884:
881:
880:
876:
875:
872:
871:
867:
866:
863:
862:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
836:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
814:
809:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
795:
794:
791:
790:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
740:{"Moorellia"}
734:
729:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
715:
714:
711:
710:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
658:
657:
654:
653:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
627:
622:
620:
615:
613:
607:
605:
600:
596:
595:
592:
591:
587:
586:
583:
582:
578:
577:
574:
573:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
547:
542:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
524:
523:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
499:
494:
492:
487:
485:
479:
476:
475:
468:
446:
443:
439:bioremediation
423:
422:
410:
409:
408:
382:
375:
363:
351:
339:
327:
324:food poisoning
306:
303:
285:) produced by
217:
216:
215:
214:
208:
202:
196:
192:"Clostridiia"
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
175:Tissierellales
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
140:
135:
130:
123:
118:
108:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5435:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5161:
5160:Teskebacteria
5157:
5154:
5150:
5146:"Qinglongiia"
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5114:
5111:
5110:Magnetococcia
5107:
5104:
5103:Mariprofundia
5100:
5097:
5096:Caulobacteria
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:"Canglongiia"
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:Moduliflexota
4914:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:Chrysiogenota
4748:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4732:Desulfurellia
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:Hydrothermota
4599:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4569:
4567:Fibrobacteria
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:Electryoneota
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4469:Calditrichota
4467:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4412:
4410:
4409:Lentisphaeria
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4386:Phycisphaeria
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4344:
4340:
4338:"Leptospiria"
4337:
4335:"Exilispiria"
4334:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4325:Spirochaetota
4323:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4204:"Omnitrophia"
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4178:Endomicrobiia
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:Auribacterota
4141:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:Hydrobacteria
4109:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:Fusobacteriia
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:Fusobacterida
4045:
4033:"Thermotogia"
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:Caldisericota
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3942:Atribacterota
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:Synergistetes
3933:
3930:
3926:
3917:
3916:Wirthbacteria
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3818:
3817:Selenomonadia
3814:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3805:Halanaerobiia
3802:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3789:"Peptococcia"
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Cyanobacteria
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:Armatimonadia
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:"Caldilineia"
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:Chloroflexota
3520:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Rubrobacteria
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Actinomycetia
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:BV1, BV3, BV5
3451:
3450:Terrabacteria
3447:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Stramenopiles
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:(major groups
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:PLOS Genetics
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2873:0-9631172-1-1
2869:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:mental health
2811:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:Selenomonadia
2267:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Halanaerobiia
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Sulfobacillia
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Acetocimmeria
1885:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Selenomonadia
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Halanaerobiia
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
938:
937:
930:
929:
923:
922:
919:
918:
910:
909:
901:
900:
892:
891:
883:
882:
874:
873:
865:
864:
861:
859:
852:
851:
848:
847:
844:
842:
835:
834:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:Zhaonellaceae
813:
812:
806:
805:
802:
801:
793:
792:
789:
787:
780:
779:
776:
775:
772:
770:
763:
762:
756:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
739:
733:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
713:
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709:
707:
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692:
690:
683:
682:
676:
675:
669:
668:
665:
664:
656:
655:
652:
650:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
633:
632:Sulfobacillia
626:
625:
619:
618:
611:
610:
604:
603:
594:
593:
585:
584:
576:
575:
572:
570:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
553:
546:
545:
539:
538:
535:
534:
526:
525:
522:
520:
513:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
503:Dictyoglomota
498:
497:
491:
490:
483:
482:
478:
477:
473:
466:
461:
458:
456:
452:
444:
442:
440:
435:
433:
432:
427:
426:Heliobacteria
420:
416:
415:
411:
406:
402:
399:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:
383:
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380:
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369:
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364:
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328:
325:
321:
317:
316:
312:
311:
310:
304:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:tetanospasmin
280:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
259:
258:Halanaerobium
254:
253:Gram-positive
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
225:are a highly
224:
209:
203:
197:
191:
190:
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185:
181:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
145:
141:
139:
136:
134:
133:Eubacteriales
131:
128:
124:
122:
121:Clostridiales
119:
116:
115:Borkfalkiales
112:
111:
109:
104:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5208:
5174:
5141:Qinglongiota
5067:Canglongiota
4956:Nitrospirota
4946:Nitrospinota
4898:"Lernaellia"
4754:Chrysiogenia
4595:"Heilongiia"
4499:Cosmopoliota
4473:Calditrichia
4462:Rhodothermia
4458:"Kryptoniia"
4434:Bacteroidota
4343:Spirochaetia
4287:"Sumerlaeia"
4199:Omnitrophota
4137:"Aerophobia"
4029:Thermotogota
3977:Caldisericia
3952:Synergistota
3946:Atribacteria
3928:Thermotogida
3759:Limnochordia
3753:Bacillota G
3739:Bacillota E
3721:Bacillota D
3707:
3703:Bacillota A
3593:"Zipacnadia"
3548:Deinococcota
3530:Chloroflexia
3419:Opisthokonta
3282:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3210:
3206:
3181:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3121:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3026:"Clostridia"
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2999:"Clostridia"
2992:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2863:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2763:
2760:Epidemiology
2668:
2667:Clostridiia
2666:
2649:
2625:
2539:
2522:
2492:Thermincolia
2489:
2472:
2432:
2415:
2366:
2349:
2325:
2294:
2271:
2213:
2161:
2144:
2120:
2065:
2015:
2002:Limnochordia
2000:
1925:
1908:
1889:" {UBA3575}
1883:
1881:
1857:
1823:
1773:
1771:
1746:
1713:
1689:
1674:
1639:Fusobacteria
1637:
1554:
1537:
1513:
1489:
1465:
1440:Limnochordia
1438:
1389:
1376:
1334:
1320:Thermincolia
1317:
1284:
1269:
1202:
1187:
1147:
1130:
1090:
1073:
1053:Nitrospirota
1051:
975:
958:
934:
933:
855:
838:
816:
783:
766:
736:
703:
686:
646:
629:
566:
549:
516:
501:
448:
436:
429:
424:
412:
404:
403:(synonym of
400:
391:gas gangrene
384:
377:
365:
353:
341:
329:
313:
308:
295:C. botulinum
294:
293:produced by
286:
278:
269:
267:
263:monophyletic
256:
234:
233:, including
227:polyphyletic
222:
220:
95:
49:
29:
5297:iNaturalist
5233:Wikispecies
5184:Wikispecies
5179:(2001–2012)
4960:Nitrospiria
4950:Nitrospinia
4928:Myxococcota
4893:Lernaellota
4832:Oligoflexia
4590:Heilongiota
4439:Bacteroidia
4382:"Brocadiia"
4366:Chlamydiota
4297:Spirochaeto
4282:Sumerlaeota
4132:Aerophobota
3966:Thermocalda
3956:Synergistia
3786:"Moorellia"
3708:Clostridiia
3554:Deinococcia
3321:Prokaryotes
3283:Clostridium
3102:20 November
3078:20 November
3057:20 November
2803:Clostridium
2767:debridement
2527:" {Z-2901}
2328:Peptococcia
1516:Peptococcia
738:Moorellales
279:Clostridium
274:saprophytic
270:Clostridium
247:. They are
243:by lacking
236:Clostridium
155:Moorellales
100:Rainey 2010
35:Clostridia
18:Clostridial
5413:Clostridia
5407:Categories
5341:clostridia
5239:Clostridia
5209:Clostridia
5041:Holophagia
4940:Polyangiia
4933:Myxococcia
4712:Aquificota
4693:Aquificida
4444:Chlorobiia
4371:Chlamydiia
4312:"Babeliae"
3674:Firmicutes
3608:"Xenobiia"
3259:(5): S40.
2846:References
2818:Clostridia
2797:causing a
2224:Mollicutes
1715:Mollicutes
1236:Firmicutes
223:Clostridia
96:Clostridia
5418:Bacillota
4845:"Binatia"
4716:Aquificia
4424:FCB group
4356:PVC group
3834:CPR group
3690:Bacillota
3414:Amoebozoa
3392:Alveolata
3380:Cryptista
3355:Eukaryota
3229:1365-2036
3052:"The LTP"
2966:1660-4601
2435:Moorellia
2218:" (incl.
1748:Bacilliia
474:08-RS214
467:_08_2023
445:Phylogeny
287:C. tetani
231:Bacillota
229:class of
86:Bacillota
5247:BioLib:
5218:Wikidata
5173:Source:
4840:Binatota
4307:Babelota
4116:BV2, BV4
3696:Bacillia
3409:Amorphea
3387:Rhizaria
3375:Hacrobia
3365:Excavata
3350:Bacteria
3325:Bacteria
3237:29226561
2984:25014248
2925:25393313
2824:See also
2216:Bacillia
1377:UBA4882
457:(NCBI).
360:botulism
320:gangrene
184:Synonyms
82:Phylum:
76:Bacteria
72:Domain:
5224:Q132809
4968:SAR324
4224:Clade 2
4124:Clade 1
3843:Elulota
3424:Animals
3345:Archaea
3036:20 June
3009:20 June
2975:4113856
2916:4230839
348:tetanus
305:Species
241:Bacilli
106:Orders
92:Class:
5390:565167
5361:NZOR:
5354:186801
5328:956143
5302:151985
5250:306863
5133:others
5007:others
3682:Low GC
3462:others
3402:Plants
3339:Domain
3235:
3227:
3183:10 May
3156:10 May
3129:10 May
3005:(LPSN)
2982:
2972:
2964:
2923:
2913:
2870:
936:Gelria
5385:WoRMS
5377:16698
5310:IRMNG
5263:8ZXTX
3429:Fungi
3097:(PDF)
1078:" ♦
255:(see
5349:NCBI
5336:LPSN
5323:ITIS
5315:1159
5284:GBIF
5276:7750
3860:ABY1
3233:PMID
3225:ISSN
3185:2023
3158:2023
3131:2023
3104:2023
3080:2023
3059:2023
3038:2022
3011:2022
2980:PMID
2962:ISSN
2921:PMID
2868:ISBN
2669:s.s.
2070:" ♦
1774:s.s.
1135:" ♦
963:" ♦
472:GTDB
428:and
289:and
272:are
221:The
5289:304
5271:EoL
5258:CoL
4685:BV2
3678:BV3
3261:doi
3257:152
3215:doi
2970:PMC
2952:doi
2911:PMC
2901:doi
2020:"
1884:Ca.
571:"
554:"
465:LTP
5409::
5387::
5374::
5351::
5338::
5325::
5312::
5299::
5286::
5273::
5260::
5235::
5220::
5143:"
5081:"
5069:"
4987:"
4919:"
4907:"
4895:"
4883:"
4869:"
4854:"
4842:"
4795:"
4763:"
4741:"
4703:"
4653:"
4631:"
4619:"
4604:"
4592:"
4549:"
4534:"
4501:"
4482:"
4309:"
4284:"
4272:"
4253:"
4241:"
4201:"
4146:"
4134:"
4091:"
4079:"
4067:"
4020:"
4008:"
3857:"
3845:"
3768:"
3651:"
3565:"
3513:"
3323::
3255:.
3231:.
3223:.
3211:47
3209:.
3205:.
3193:^
3174:.
3147:.
3120:.
3028:.
3001:.
2978:.
2968:.
2960:.
2948:11
2946:.
2942:.
2919:.
2909:.
2897:10
2895:.
2891:.
2854:^
2781:.
2654:"
2630:"
2544:"
2494:"
2437:"
2371:"
2354:"
2330:"
2299:"
2226:)
2222:,
2166:"
2149:"
2125:"
1930:"
1913:"
1862:"
1645:}
1559:"
1542:"
1518:"
1494:"
1470:"
1455:"
1394:"
1339:"
1322:"
1289:"
939:♦
860:"
843:"
788:"
771:"
708:"
691:"
651:"
634:"
521:"
441:.
397:)
393:,
322:,
301:.
5162:"
5158:"
5155:"
5151:"
5139:"
5112:"
5108:"
5105:"
5101:"
5098:"
5094:"
5077:"
5065:"
5050:"
5046:"
5043:"
5039:"
5022:"
5018:"
4999:"
4995:"
4983:"
4980:"
4976:"
4915:"
4903:"
4891:"
4879:"
4865:"
4850:"
4838:"
4791:"
4759:"
4737:"
4699:"
4672:"
4668:"
4665:"
4661:"
4649:"
4646:"
4642:"
4627:"
4615:"
4600:"
4588:"
4545:"
4530:"
4527:"
4523:"
4520:"
4516:"
4513:"
4509:"
4497:"
4494:"
4490:"
4478:"
4452:"
4448:"
4345:"
4341:"
4321:"
4317:"
4305:"
4280:"
4268:"
4265:"
4261:"
4249:"
4237:"
4234:"
4230:"
4216:"
4212:"
4197:"
4194:"
4190:"
4187:"
4183:"
4167:"
4163:"
4142:"
4130:"
4103:"
4099:"
4087:"
4075:"
4063:"
4016:"
4004:"
3918:"
3914:"
3896:"
3892:"
3886:"
3882:"
3873:"
3869:"
3853:"
3841:"
3819:"
3815:"
3807:"
3803:"
3764:"
3731:"
3727:"
3710:"
3706:"
3698:"
3694:"
3647:"
3642:"
3638:"
3602:"
3598:"
3561:"
3556:"
3552:"
3509:"
3436:)
3313:e
3306:t
3299:v
3267:.
3263::
3239:.
3217::
3187:.
3160:.
3133:.
3106:.
3082:.
3061:.
3040:.
3013:.
2986:.
2954::
2927:.
2903::
2876:.
2650:"
2626:"
2540:"
2523:"
2490:"
2473:"
2433:"
2416:"
2367:"
2350:"
2326:"
2295:"
2214:"
2162:"
2145:"
2121:"
2066:"
2016:"
1926:"
1909:"
1882:"
1858:"
1641:{
1555:"
1538:"
1514:"
1490:"
1466:"
1451:"
1390:"
1335:"
1318:"
1285:"
1234:"
1203:"
1131:"
1074:"
959:"
856:"
839:"
784:"
767:"
704:"
687:"
647:"
630:"
567:"
550:"
517:"
421:)
417:(
407:)
389:(
370:(
362:)
358:(
350:)
346:(
338:)
334:(
326:)
318:(
146:"
142:"
129:"
125:"
117:"
113:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
