1215:
37:
273:
Primary isolation media is blood agar incubated anaerobically at 35-37 degrees
Celsius for 40–48 hours. Microscopic appearance shows gram positive rods with both smooth and rough colony types and further spore staining technique may be utilized to determine spore shape and position. Currently the
367:
are found in large numbers after death due to nutrient supply for anaerobic bacteria allowing for optimal organismal growth. In initial stages of decomposition bacteria feed on both intestinal contents and intestinal tissues, prolific colonization occurs allowing digestive enzymes and anaerobic
338:
are
Bacillota. Species diversity of human microbiota is unique and microbiota display unequal distribution in the digestive tract. Smaller populations are found in the small intestines, whereas populations one hundredfold are found in the ileum, colon, and rectum. Imbalance of the ratio between
298:
have been implicated following orthopedic procedures, in patients undergoing oncological treatment, and in cases of necrotic decubitus. Due to the rare clinical manifestation of bacteremia attributed to
351:
In humans, one of the first signs of decomposition is a yellow-green discolorization of the abdomen in the area of the cecum due to the build up of gases from bacteria and autolysis of cells.
1371:
989:
Turroni, Francesca; Ribbera, Angela; Foroni, Elena; Van
Sinderen, Douwe; Ventura, Marco (June 2008). "Human gut microbiota and bifido bacteria from composition to functionality".
1132:
303:, the organism's susceptibility to antibiotic treatment is not well documented. Case reports indicate a susceptibility to most antibiotics including metronidazole and
226:
is large and phylogenetically diverse, comprising over 150 species. Clostridia are found extensively in nature predominantly as benign soil saprophytes. A number of
1345:
1384:
405:
839:
Morshed, S.; Malek, F.; Silverstein, R. M.; O'Donnell, R. J. (February 2007). "Clostriduim cadaveris septic arthritis in a metastatic breast cancer patient".
421:
Schade, Rogier P.; Van Rijn, Michiel; Timmers, Henri J. L. M.; Dofferhoff, Anton S. M.; Klaassen, Corne H. W.; Meis, Jacques F. G. M. (28 September 2006). "
290:
are rare and present predominantly as bacteremia of gastro-intestinal origin and may occur endogenously. Associated risk factors for bacteremia due to
1332:
1358:
1092:
469:
294:
include a compromised immune system, trauma, recent surgical procedures, diabetes, and perforated bowel. Bacteremia and sepsis caused by
1417:
343:, and other health complications. Antibiotic treatment can also alter the balance of microbiota causing pathogenic bacterial growth.
261:
are rare and the organism is seldom found is clinical specimens. Most cases reported in medical literature document infections in
1412:
1363:
1166:
Melvin, JR; Cronholm, LS; Simson, LR; Isaacs, AM (April 1984). "Bacterial
Transmigration as an indicator of time of death".
1144:
372:
to breach the intestinal tract invading other tissues and organs. Translocation and proliferation of gut flora such as
36:
1389:
889:
Stolk-Engelaar, Virginia; Verwiel, Jeroen; Bongaerts, Ger; Linsen, Vic; Lacquet, Leon; Cox, Anton (July 1997).
663:"Comparison of Schaedler Agar and Trypticase Soy-Yeast Extract Agar for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria"
192:
1261:
1044:"The Intestinal Microbiota Affect Central Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor and Behavior in Mice"
581:
Gucalp, Rasim; Motyl, Mary; Carlisle, Penny; Dutcher, Janice; Fuks, Joachim; Wiernik, Peter H. (1993). "
121:
326:(gut flora) contain between 400 and 800 bacterial species and are usually classified in two divisions:
1422:
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and possibly beta-lactams. Infections may be persistent due to the organisms ability to sporulate.
202:
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allow for these organisms to serve as bacterial indicators for time of death in individuals.
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201:. First described by Klein in 1899, it was noted to be the most prominent bacteria during
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558:
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323:
88:
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Poduval, Rajiv; Rajesh
Mohandas; Dilip Unnikrishnan; Marilou Corpuz (November 1999).
78:
807:
549:
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Woo, P C Y.; Lau, S K P.; Chan, K-m; Fung, A M Y.; Tang, B S F.; Yuen, K-y (2005).
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is found in soil, water, and is a normal component of the human intestinal tract.
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Keto-Timonen, R.; Heikinheimo, A.; Eerola, E.; Korkeala, H. (September 2006).
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712:"Clostridium bacteramia characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing"
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are spore forming and the cause of botulism and gas gangrene respectively.
1187:
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Peris-Bondia, F.; Latorre, A.; Artacho, A.; Moya, A.; d'Auria, G. (2011).
924:
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Herman, R.; Goldman, I. S.; Bronzo, R.; McKinley, M. J. (January 1992). "
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is via molecular techniques utilizing ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.
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Ritz, Karl Ritz; Dawson, Lorna; Miller, David (23 December 2008).
265:, but isolated cases in immunocompetent hosts have been reported.
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211:
is usually considered non-pathogenic; unlike other species of
940:"The active gut microbiota differs from the total microbiota"
661:
Starr, S. E.; Killgore, G. E.; Dowell, V. R. (October 1971).
339:
763:: an unusual cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis".
876:
Anaerobic bacteriology: clinical and laboratory practice
205:; historically it was described as "putrefying flora".
1133:"Beyond the grave - understanding human decomposition"
230:
species are pathogenic to humans. Members including
1268:
622:"Clostridium cadaveris in an Immunocompetent Host"
322:normally colonizes in the gastrointestinal tract.
1112:(7th ed.). New York: MacMillan and Company.
274:standard to identify clostridial species such as
792:"Bacteremia caused by Clostridium intestinale"
790:Elsayed, Sameer; Zhang, Kunyan (April 2005).
528:Elsayed, Sameer; Zhang, Kunyan (April 2005).
406:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
585:bacteremia in the immunocompromised host".
427:Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
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1085:Criminal and Environmental Soil Forensics
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965:
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878:. Boston: Butterworth. pp. 111–166.
1251:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
385:
246:is closely related phylogenetically to
401:: (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957"
391:
389:
7:
765:American Journal of Gastroenterology
425:bacteremia: Two cases and review".
137:(Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957
474:Species and DNA fingerprinting of
14:
796:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
538:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
485:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
35:
808:10.1128/jcm.43.4.2018-2020.2005
550:10.1128/JCM.43.4.2018-2020.2005
587:Medical and Pediatric Oncology
215:, it does not produce toxins.
1:
1131:Vass, Arpab (November 2001).
716:Journal of Clinical Pathology
679:10.1128/AEM.22.4.655-658.1971
1168:Journal of Forensic Sciences
1061:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.052
957:10.1371/journal.pone.0022448
903:Clinical Infectious Diseases
626:Clinical Infectious Diseases
257:Infections in humans due to
1439:
1418:Bacteria described in 1957
1108:Sherman, Henry C. (1946).
1042:Bercik, P. (August 2011).
853:10.1016/j.arth.2006.02.158
263:immunocompromised patients
1143:: 190–192. Archived from
1003:10.1007/s10482-008-9232-4
439:10.1080/00365540500388792
307:as well as resistance to
149:
142:
127:
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32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
891:"Pleural empyema due to
166:(Klein 1899) Prevot 1938
1205:"Clostridium cadaveris"
991:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
728:10.1136/jcp.2004.022830
252:Clostridium intestinale
193:gram-positive bacterium
1413:Gram-positive bacteria
874:Willis, A. T. (1977).
599:10.1002/mpo.2950210114
530:"Bacteremia Caused by
347:In human decomposition
269:Colony characteristics
1377:clostridium-cadaveris
1270:Clostridium cadaveris
1245:Clostridium cadaveris
1228:Clostridium cadaveris
897:Clostridium cadaveris
893:Clostridium difficile
761:Clostridium cadaveris
583:Clostridium cadaveris
423:Clostridium cadaveris
399:Clostridium cadaveris
353:Clostridium cadaveris
336:Clostridium cadaveris
320:Clostridium cadaveris
296:Clostridium cadaveris
244:Clostridium cadaveris
217:Clostridium cadaveris
209:Clostridium cadaveris
177:Clostridium cadaveris
162:Plectridium cadaveris
131:Clostridium cadaveris
25:Clostridium cadaveris
1210:Encyclopedia of Life
1087:. Springer Science.
667:Applied Microbiology
497:10.1128/jcm.01275-06
16:Species of bacterium
470:"Identification of
203:human decomposition
1147:on 7 February 2016
1137:Microbiology Today
286:Infections due to
248:Clostridium fallax
153:Bacillus cadaveris
1400:
1399:
1262:Taxon identifiers
1180:10.1520/JFS11687J
1110:Chemistry of Food
1094:978-1-4020-9203-9
368:bacteria such as
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113:C. cadaveris
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491:(11): 4057–65.
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841:J. Athroplasty
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122:Binomial name
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1233:. Retrieved
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1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1140:
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997:(1): 35–50.
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534:Intestinale"
531:
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488:
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478:perfringens"
475:
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463:
433:(1): 59–78.
430:
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422:
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374:C. cadaveris
373:
370:C. cadaveris
369:
365:B. aerogenes
364:
360:
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352:
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335:
328:Bacteroidota
319:
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301:C. cadaveris
300:
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292:C. cadaveris
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288:C. cadaveris
287:
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276:C. cadaveris
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259:C. cadaveris
258:
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232:C.botulinium
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24:
18:
1423:Clostridium
593:(1): 70–2.
532:Clostridium
476:Clostridium
472:Clostridium
309:clindamycin
228:Clostridium
224:Clostridium
213:Clostridium
198:Clostridium
188:, strictly
100:Clostridium
1407:Categories
1235:2011-02-03
1151:6 February
909:(1): 160.
380:References
357:C. welchii
324:Microbiota
305:penicillin
282:Infections
240:C.septicum
222:The genus
157:Klein 1899
69:Clostridia
332:Bacillota
190:anaerobic
107:Species:
59:Bacillota
1351:11454350
1285:Q3681024
1279:Wikidata
1070:21683077
1021:18338233
976:21829462
944:PLOS ONE
861:17275650
826:15815049
746:15735165
648:10525006
568:15815049
515:16971642
455:38559710
447:16338840
144:Synonyms
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
49:Bacteria
45:Domain:
1338:3226633
1325:1004300
1294:BacDive
1222:UniProt
1207:at the
1188:6726153
1029:6592189
967:3145646
925:9243057
817:1081394
777:1728112
737:1770585
697:4943275
607:8426578
559:1081394
506:1698353
361:E. coli
182:enteric
95:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
1364:960731
1247:at Bac
1186:
1118:567049
1116:
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685:
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513:
503:
453:
445:
408:(NCBI)
363:, and
238:, and
186:motile
180:is an
1346:IRMNG
1025:S2CID
481:(PDF)
451:S2CID
1390:1529
1385:NCBI
1372:LPSN
1359:ITIS
1333:GBIF
1312:WBLC
1299:2564
1249:Dive
1184:PMID
1153:2016
1114:OCLC
1089:ISBN
1066:PMID
1017:PMID
972:PMID
921:PMID
895:and
857:PMID
822:PMID
773:PMID
742:PMID
693:PMID
644:PMID
603:PMID
564:PMID
511:PMID
443:PMID
330:and
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