645:
625:
373:
528:
542:
279:
668:
counteracted by a keel or other underwater foils, including daggerboard, centerboard, skeg and rudder. Lateral force also induces heeling in a sailboat, which is resisted by the shape and configuration of the hull (or hulls, in the case of catamarans) and the weight of ballast, and can be further resisted by the weight of the crew. As the boat points off the wind, lateral force and the forces required to resist it become reduced. On
1430:
31:
594:); the air velocity experienced by instrumentation or crew on a moving sailing craft. Apparent wind velocity provides the motive power for the sails on any given point of sail. The apparent wind is equal to the true wind velocity for a stopped craft; it may be faster than the true wind speed on some points of sail, or it may be slower e.g. when a sailing craft sails dead downwind.
239:
251:
263:
664:
speed is typically great enough to have the apparent wind coming from a few degrees to one side of its course, necessitating sailing with the sail sheeted in for most points of sail. On conventional sail boats, the sails are set to create lift for those points of sail where it's possible to align the leading edge of the sail with the apparent wind.
644:
388:. The higher a vessel that can point into the wind, the shorter its "course made good" to an upwind destination. Beating upwind, a vessel alternates between having the wind come on the port and starboard sides (the port and starboard tack). Changing from one tack to the other, by steering through the wind direction, is called
624:
667:
For a sailboat, point of sail significantly affects the lateral force to which the boat is subjected. The higher the boat points into the wind, the stronger the lateral force, which results in both increased leeway and heeling. Leeway, the effect of the boat moving sideways through the water, can be
663:
The speed of sailboats through the water is limited by the resistance that results from hull drag in the water. Ice boats typically have the least resistance to forward motion of any sailing craft; consequently, a sailboat experiences a wider range of apparent wind angles than does an ice boat, whose
459:
is when the wind is coming from behind the sailing craft at an angle. This represents a range of wind angles, between a beam reach (see next paragraph) and running downwind. On a sailboat (but not an iceboat) the sails are eased out away from the sailing craft, but not as much as on a downwind run.
304:
from which the wind is blowing, because the sails cannot generate lift in this no-go zone. A craft passing through the no-go zone to change tacks from one side to the other, must maintain momentum until its sails can draw power on the other side. If it remains in the no-go zone, it will slow to a
336:
if deliberate. In either case, the stopped vessel will be blown backwards, which with proper positioning of the rudder allows the vessel to point outside the no-go zone and resume forward motion, once the sails can draw power. Iceboats are often parked in irons with a brake applied to the ice to
130:
with the drag on the sail as the dominant force. As a sailing craft transitions from close-hauled to running downwind, the lifting force decreases and the drag force increases. At the same time, the resistance to sidewards motion needed to keep the craft on course also decreases, along with the
487:
downwind, by sailing on whatever broad reach is most efficient on that particular craft, and jibing as needed. The longer course is offset by the faster speed. For instance, if a vessel sails alternately in the directions 45° from the downwind direction, it will sail
502:
on a fore-and-aft rigged vessel. Another technique is to place the jib to windward (opposite to the main sail)—called "wing on wing" or one of several other terms—for a fore-and-aft vessel going dead downwind. In light winds, certain square-rigged vessels may set
436:
is a course closer to the true wind (more upwindwards) than a beam reach, but below close-hauled; i.e., any angle between a beam reach and close-hauled. The sails are trimmed in (hauled towards the centreline of the hull), but not as tightly as for a close-hauled
480:, the sails generate power primarily through drag (like a parachute) with the true wind directly from behind the sailing craft. A sailing craft running more downwind than a broad reach cannot attain a speed faster than the true wind.
412:. Wind is flowing over the surface of the sail, creating lift (like a wing) to propel the craft. Because lift is more powerful than drag on this point of sail, sailing craft achieve their highest speeds on a reach. A variety of
495:(≈1.4) times farther than it would if it sailed dead downwind. However, as long as it can sail faster than 1.4 times its dead downwind speed, the indirect route will allow it to arrive at a chosen point sooner.
349:, relying on lift to propel the craft forward on a course as close to the wind as the sail can provide lift. This point of sail lets the sailing craft travel upwind, diagonally to the wind direction.
313:. To recover, that craft typically must return to its original tack and pick up sufficient speed to complete the maneuver. The span of the no-go zone depends on the efficiency of a sailing craft's
416:
sail fastest on a broad reach with the sails close-hauled at speeds several times the true windspeed. Depending on the angle of the true wind with respect to the course sailed, a reach may be
134:
There is a zone of approximately 45° on either side of the true wind, where a sail cannot generate lift, called the "no-go zone". The angle encompassed by the no-go zone depends on the
498:
Craft running downwind increase power from the sails by increasing total area presented to the following wind, sometimes by putting out sails that adapt well to the purpose, such as a
658:
As the iceboat sails further from the wind, the apparent wind increases slightly and the boat speed is highest on the broad reach. The sail is sheeted in for all three points of sail.
72:
The principal points of sail roughly correspond to 45° segments of a circle, starting with 0° directly into the wind. For many sailing craft 45° on either side of the wind is a
676:, lateral forces are countered by the lateral resistance of the blades on ice or of the wheels on sand, and of their distance apart, which generally prevents heeling.
767:
1335:
317:
and its resistance to sideways motion in the water (using a keel or foils) on ice or on land, typically at an angle between 30 and 50 degrees from the wind.
638:
As the boat sails further from the wind, the apparent wind becomes smaller and the lateral component becomes less; boat speed is highest on the beam reach.
1205:
Seamanship, Compiled from
Various Authorities, and Illustrated with Numerous Original and Select Designs, for the Use of the United States Naval Academy
617:
Boat velocity (in black) generates an equal and opposite apparent wind component (not shown), which adds to the true wind to become apparent wind.
446:
is when the true wind is at a right angle to the direction of motion (so called because the wind is parallel to the cross-hull beams, if any; see
76:
zone, where a sail is unable to mobilize power from the wind. Sailing on a course as close to the wind as possible—approximately 45°—is termed
372:
1186:
1134:
1013:
743:
935:
232:
direction. True wind can also be indicated by a fixed wind indicator (flag, windsock, etc., not attached to the boat or any moving object).
858:
1261:
799:
1236:
1161:
1065:
919:
868:
826:
971:. Originally published by "SMITH & MCDOUGAL, ELECTROTYPERS"; digital copy posted by the Historic Naval Ships Association. 1891.
352:
The smaller the angle between the direction of the true wind and the course of the sailing craft, the higher the craft is said to
1328:
1055:
966:
690:
685:
1151:
527:
103:
A given point of sail (beating, close reach, beam reach, broad reach, and running downwind) is defined in reference to the
1378:
789:
1321:
816:
541:
126:
with lift as a force acting perpendicular to its surface. A sail with the apparent wind perpendicular to its surface,
1030:
1003:
470:
337:
prevent motion. To commence sailing, the craft is guided to one side and boarded, once the sail can draw power.
413:
1408:
115:: the wind relative to an observer on the sailing craft. The apparent wind is the combined effect of the
345:
A sailing craft is said to be sailing close-hauled when its sails are trimmed in tightly and are acting
1084:
384:
In order to sail upwind, sailing craft must zig-zag across the direction of the oncoming wind, called
262:
238:
1362:
297:
62:
1153:
Cruising
Catamarans Made Easy: The Official Manual For The ASA Cruising Catamaran Course (ASA 114)
1105:
1525:
976:
761:
484:
943:
460:
If the sailcraft points any further downwind, the sails cease acting substantially like a wing.
250:
1541:
1484:
1454:
1257:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1182:
1157:
1130:
1061:
1009:
915:
864:
822:
795:
749:
739:
700:
389:
385:
884:
364:
occurs as a craft's point of sail approaches the no-go zone and its speed falls off sharply.
282:
Iceboats parked in irons with sails loose and not generating power, but flapping like a flag.
1562:
1505:
1402:
1057:
Ancient Ocean
Crossings: Reconsidering the Case for Contacts with the Pre-Columbian Americas
573:
278:
166:
The recognized points of sail are judged relative to the true wind direction. They include:
511:, to create a larger sail area for points of sail, ranging from downwind to a close reach.
1429:
1397:
1354:
988:
560:
108:
1099:
325:
138:
efficiency of the craft's sails and the craft's lateral resistance on the surface (from
301:
286:
The range of directions into the wind, where a sailing craft cannot sail is called the
66:
331:
287:
122:
A sail with the airflow parallel to its surface, while angled into the apparent wind,
1556:
547:
504:
112:
377:
1515:
1489:
1386:
1358:
395:
158:). A craft remaining in its no-go zone will slow to a stop—it will be "in irons".
1203:
36:
A. Into the wind; shaded: "no-go zone" where a craft may be "in irons".
1414:
155:
447:
96:. At 180° off the wind (sailing in the same direction as the wind), a craft is
1520:
1449:
1419:
673:
321:
201:: the craft has the true wind at a right angle to its direction (on its beam).
151:
753:
1510:
533:
499:
143:
139:
30:
27:
Direction of travel under sail relative to true wind direction over surface
17:
1382:
1313:
818:
The
Complete Day Skipper: Skippering with Confidence Right From the Start
669:
356:. A craft that can point higher or sail faster upwind is said to be more
116:
1223:
Championship
Tactics: How Anyone Can Sail Faster, Smarter, and Win Races
1479:
1370:
1344:
1256:(2 ed.), International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press, p. 416,
695:
508:
293:
135:
127:
123:
58:
173:
where a sailing craft is pointed directly upwind in the middle of the
706:
738:. Smith, Mark (Mark E.) (Fourth ed.). New York. pp. 47–9.
111:, and thus appropriate position of the sails, is determined by the
408:
A craft sailing with the true wind on its side (within limits) is
371:
277:
88:. The point of sail between beating and a beam reach is called a
1464:
599:
Effect of apparent wind on sailing craft at three points of sail
314:
147:
1317:
207:: the true wind is coming from behind, but not directly behind.
520:
Sails for a fore-and-aft rig and a square rig in use downwind
320:
A craft stopped in the no-go zone is said to be in irons. A
483:
However, higher-performance sailing craft achieve a higher
936:"Sailing the seas of nautical language - OxfordWords blog"
561:
Forces on sails § Effect of points of sail on forces
215:
where a craft has the wind coming from directly behind.
709:, turning so that the bow briefly points dead downwind
183:
where a craft is sailing, pointed near the no-go zone.
703:, turning so that the bow briefly points dead upwind
38:
B. Close-hauled (used when beating to windward)
1534:
1498:
1437:
1369:
1254:
104:
1220:
914:. London: Adlard Coles Nautical. pp. 43, 45.
821:(5 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 208.
376:Beating upwind in a more- (blue) and less- (red)
1289:(various contributors), Hearst Corporation, 1999
863:. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 72–75.
469:"Dead run" redirects here. For other uses, see
1329:
107:—the wind felt by a stationary observer. The
8:
1156:. American Sailing Association. p. 50.
1060:. University of Alabama Press. p. 528.
228:direction. The flag gives an indication of
119:of the true wind and of the sailing craft.
1336:
1322:
1314:
1150:Batchelor, Andy; Frailey, Lisa B. (2016).
1079:
1077:
766:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1227:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp.
783:
781:
779:
777:
330:with the sails blown against the mast or
1292:Herreshoff, Halsey (consulting editor),
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
195:: between close-hauled and a beam reach.
92:. At 135° off the wind, a craft is on a
29:
1181:(3 ed.). Henry Holt. p. 424.
719:
620:
523:
234:
84:. At 90° off the wind, a craft is on a
1008:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 46–48.
984:
974:
759:
507:, sails that extend outwards from the
1120:
1118:
80:, a point of sail when the sails are
7:
1208:. D. van Nostrand. pp. 190–472.
1085:"What Is The Fastest Point Of Sail?"
734:Rousmaniere, John (7 January 2014).
729:
727:
725:
723:
224:The waves give an indication of the
177:, where sails cannot generate power.
576:with the sailing craft's velocity (
128:acts substantially like a parachute
65:under sail in relation to the true
1101:A Manual of Yacht and Boat Sailing
611:is on a beam reach. Sailing craft
221:A sailboat on three points of sail
25:
296:directly into the wind, nor on a
42:between B and C. Close reach
1428:
1296:, Little Brown and Company, 1983
1281:The Annapolis Book of Seamanship
885:"Sailing Terms You Need To Know"
736:The Annapolis book of seamanship
691:Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)
686:Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)
643:
623:
540:
526:
261:
249:
237:
1202:Luce, Stephen Bleecker (1868).
607:is close-hauled. Sailing craft
324:vessel in irons by accident is
1029:Harris, William (2009-10-05).
942:. 30 June 2014. Archived from
631:Apparent wind and forces on a
555:True wind versus apparent wind
414:high-performance sailing craft
124:acts substantially like a wing
1:
1459:
1379:Center of lateral resistance
1310:, Simon & Schuster, 1987
1303:, International Marine, 1995
1283:, Simon & Schuster, 1999
1002:Jobson, Gary (2008-09-08).
1579:
794:. CRC Press. p. 296.
558:
468:
1426:
1352:
1129:. Adlard Coles Nautical.
1125:Bethwaite, Frank (2007).
1054:Jett, Stephen C. (2017).
476:Sailing with the wind or
471:Dead run (disambiguation)
347:substantially like a wing
300:that is too close to the
292:. A sailing craft cannot
49:E. Running downwind
1287:Chapman Book of Piloting
1127:High Performance Sailing
912:The Complete Yachtmaster
131:sideways tipping force.
1409:Racing Rules of Sailing
1252:Marchaj, C. A. (2002),
1031:"How Ice Sailing Works"
968:Text-Book of Seamanship
965:"WORKING TO WINDWARD".
478:running before the wind
940:oxforddictionaries.com
910:Cunliffe, Tom (1994).
815:Cunliffe, Tom (2016).
788:Kimball, John (2009).
585:apparent wind velocity
381:
283:
50:
1294:The Sailor’s Handbook
1219:Jobson, Gary (1990).
857:Jobson, Gary (2008).
375:
281:
33:
1308:Sailing Fundamentals
1098:Kemp, Dixon (1882).
1087:. 16 September 2020.
1005:Sailing Fundamentals
860:Sailing Fundamentals
651:Apparent wind on an
615:is on a broad reach.
1301:The Complete Sailor
1279:Rousmaniere, John,
1177:King, Dean (2000).
1104:. H. Cox. pp.
386:beating to windward
368:Sailing to windward
63:direction of travel
47:D. Broad reach
34:The points of sail:
891:. 27 November 2012
791:Physics of Sailing
485:velocity made good
382:
284:
162:The points of sail
69:over the surface.
51:
45:C. Beam reach
1550:
1549:
1188:978-0-8050-6615-9
1136:978-0-7136-6704-2
1015:978-1-4391-3678-2
745:978-1-4516-5019-8
701:Tacking (sailing)
309:. This is called
16:(Redirected from
1570:
1432:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1299:Seidman, David,
1267:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1226:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1026:
1020:
1019:
999:
993:
992:
986:
982:
980:
972:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
932:
926:
925:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
881:
875:
874:
854:
833:
832:
812:
806:
805:
785:
772:
771:
765:
757:
731:
647:
627:
544:
530:
494:
493:
465:Running downwind
268:Running downwind
265:
253:
241:
213:Running downwind
98:running downwind
21:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1530:
1494:
1433:
1424:
1398:Forces on sails
1365:
1348:
1342:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1001:
1000:
996:
983:
973:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
946:on July 6, 2014
934:
933:
929:
922:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
883:
882:
878:
871:
856:
855:
836:
829:
814:
813:
809:
802:
787:
786:
775:
758:
746:
733:
732:
721:
716:
682:
659:
657:
648:
639:
637:
628:
619:
616:
592:
581:
570:
563:
557:
550:
545:
536:
531:
522:
491:
489:
474:
467:
406:
370:
343:
276:
269:
266:
257:
254:
245:
242:
233:
164:
48:
46:
44:
39:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:and manoeuvres
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1306:Jobson, Gary,
1304:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:978-0071413107
1262:
1244:
1237:
1211:
1194:
1187:
1179:A Sea of Words
1169:
1162:
1142:
1135:
1114:
1090:
1073:
1066:
1046:
1021:
1014:
994:
985:|website=
957:
927:
920:
902:
876:
869:
834:
827:
807:
801:978-1466502666
800:
773:
744:
718:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
704:
698:
693:
688:
681:
678:
661:
660:
649:
642:
640:
629:
622:
603:Sailing craft
601:
600:
596:
590:
579:
568:
559:Main article:
556:
553:
552:
551:
548:Studding sails
546:
539:
537:
532:
525:
518:
517:
513:
505:studding sails
466:
463:
462:
461:
452:
451:
439:
438:
428:, as follows:
405:
402:
369:
366:
342:
339:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
260:
258:
255:
248:
246:
243:
236:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
202:
196:
184:
178:
163:
160:
156:wheels on land
152:runners on ice
150:in the water,
67:wind direction
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1575:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Point of sail
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1238:0-312-04278-7
1234:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1163:9780982102541
1159:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:9780817319397
1063:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1036:
1035:HowStuffWorks
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
998:
995:
990:
978:
970:
969:
961:
958:
945:
941:
937:
931:
928:
923:
921:0-7136-3617-3
917:
913:
906:
903:
890:
886:
880:
877:
872:
870:9781439136782
866:
862:
861:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
830:
828:9781472924186
824:
820:
819:
811:
808:
803:
797:
793:
792:
784:
782:
780:
778:
774:
769:
763:
755:
751:
747:
741:
737:
730:
728:
726:
724:
720:
713:
708:
705:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
656:
654:
646:
641:
636:
634:
626:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
598:
597:
595:
593:
586:
582:
575:
571:
562:
554:
549:
543:
538:
535:
529:
524:
521:
515:
514:
512:
510:
506:
501:
496:
486:
481:
479:
472:
464:
458:
454:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
398:
393:
392:
387:
379:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
340:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
323:
322:square-rigged
318:
316:
312:
311:missing stays
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
280:
274:Into the wind
273:
264:
259:
252:
247:
240:
235:
231:
230:apparent wind
227:
220:
219:
214:
211:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
189:, including:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
172:
171:Into the wind
169:
168:
167:
161:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
113:apparent wind
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:point of sail
43:
32:
19:
1516:Chinese gybe
1490:Wing on wing
1474:
1469:
1445:Close-hauled
1444:
1407:
1392:
1387:Weather helm
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1274:Bibliography
1253:
1247:
1222:
1214:
1204:
1197:
1178:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1126:
1109:
1100:
1093:
1056:
1049:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:
1024:
1004:
997:
967:
960:
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
939:
930:
911:
905:
893:. Retrieved
888:
879:
859:
817:
810:
790:
735:
666:
662:
652:
650:
632:
630:
612:
608:
604:
602:
588:
584:
583:) to be the
577:
566:
564:
519:
497:
482:
477:
475:
456:
443:
433:
425:
421:
417:
409:
407:
396:
390:
383:
361:
357:
353:
351:
346:
344:
341:Close-hauled
332:
326:
319:
310:
306:
305:stop and be
288:
285:
244:Close-hauled
229:
225:
212:
204:
198:
192:
186:
181:Close-hauled
180:
174:
170:
165:
133:
121:
109:motive power
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:close-hauled
81:
77:
73:
71:
54:
52:
41:
1415:Rounding up
674:sand yachts
565:True wind (
457:broad reach
434:close reach
397:going about
327:taken aback
205:Broad reach
193:Close reach
94:broad reach
90:close reach
18:Close reach
1521:Death roll
1450:Heaving to
1438:Manoeuvres
1420:Sail twist
1040:2022-02-28
714:References
444:beam reach
380:watercraft
333:laid aback
289:no-go zone
199:Beam reach
175:no-go zone
144:outriggers
140:hydrofoils
117:velocities
86:beam reach
1511:Capsizing
1499:Accidents
987:ignored (
977:cite book
762:cite book
754:862092350
670:ice boats
534:Spinnaker
500:spinnaker
378:weatherly
358:weatherly
302:direction
226:true wind
105:true wind
1557:Category
1526:Turtling
1470:Reaching
1460:In irons
1383:Lee helm
1363:cruising
950:19 April
895:19 April
680:See also
633:sailboat
574:combines
516:Downwind
509:yardarms
410:reaching
404:Reaching
362:Pinching
307:in irons
256:Reaching
187:Reaching
61:craft's
1563:Sailing
1542:Planing
1485:Tacking
1480:Reefing
1475:Running
1455:Heeling
1371:Sailing
1345:Sailing
889:asa.com
696:Sailing
653:iceboat
490:√
437:course.
391:tacking
146:, or a
136:airfoil
78:beating
59:sailing
1535:
1506:Broach
1403:Hiking
1359:racing
1260:
1235:
1185:
1160:
1133:
1110:fetch.
1064:
1012:
918:
867:
825:
798:
752:
742:
707:Gybing
298:course
40:
1355:sport
426:broad
424:, or
418:close
394:, or
354:point
315:sails
154:, or
74:no-go
57:is a
1465:Jibe
1258:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1010:ISBN
989:help
952:2018
916:ISBN
897:2018
865:ISBN
823:ISBN
796:ISBN
768:link
750:OCLC
740:ISBN
672:and
448:beam
422:beam
294:sail
148:keel
1229:323
1559::
1385:,
1361:,
1357:,
1231:.
1117:^
1108:.
1106:97
1076:^
1033:.
981::
979:}}
975:{{
938:.
887:.
837:^
776:^
764:}}
760:{{
748:.
722:^
572:)
455:A
450:).
442:A
432:A
420:,
400:.
360:.
142:,
100:.
53:A
1389:)
1381:(
1337:e
1330:t
1323:v
1241:.
1191:.
1166:.
1139:.
1070:.
1043:.
1018:.
991:)
954:.
924:.
899:.
873:.
831:.
804:.
770:)
756:.
655:.
635:.
613:C
609:B
605:A
591:A
589:V
587:(
580:B
578:V
569:T
567:V
492:2
473:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
