91:
2364:
896:
906:
891:
536:
All business is considered secret, including senatorial remarks, votes, and other parliamentary proceedings. The Senate can vote during the session or later to lift the secrecy, at which time the vote and the session proceedings will be published in the
1298:
2369:
2467:
1951:
389:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1476:
886:
2101:
1293:
1509:
864:
765:
881:
583:
516:
to clear the public galleries of spectators and close all doors of the chamber. The Senate floor will be cleared of all persons except the senators and listed parliamentary officers, including the
Secretary, the
2776:
1315:
770:
1516:
1486:
780:
1988:
1481:
2960:
2524:
1526:
1178:
578:
and a second. The United States House of
Representatives has met in closed session six times since 1825. The most recent closed session was held on 13 March 2008 to discuss classified details of the
2755:
2509:
1704:
833:
561:
3040:
2519:
1310:
1185:
1106:
901:
188:
2023:
525:, and certain clerks. These officers are sworn to secrecy. All sitting senators present are called to the floor, and they must surrender any electronic communications equipment including
2514:
2477:
2096:
1788:
2492:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
869:
2836:
2462:
1424:
1344:
1281:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
775:
2091:
1818:
1173:
2678:
2145:
2033:
2018:
1761:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1332:
2472:
1429:
1390:
1380:
848:
823:
2497:
2064:
1360:
876:
2118:
1641:
1101:
328:
184:
2797:
1993:
1155:
1133:
675:
1276:
1271:
269:
2384:
2113:
1603:
785:
474:
1911:
1565:
1220:
194:
2446:
1521:
1094:
518:
208:
178:
2825:
2441:
2157:
2038:
1756:
1709:
1303:
705:
522:
488:
251:
2607:
2305:
1946:
497:
365:
1385:
1746:
1672:
1225:
1113:
838:
545:
202:
3011:
2955:
2295:
2261:
2043:
1598:
1593:
1408:
843:
156:
151:
90:
2152:
2028:
1921:
1798:
1588:
2746:
2650:
2553:
1956:
1881:
1255:
801:
695:
567:
548:
of the member; any officer that does the same would be subject to dismissal. In extreme cases, the Senate could vote the member or official in
376:
297:
116:
40:
2426:
2411:
2338:
2079:
1971:
1941:
1731:
818:
806:
579:
265:
138:
123:
2985:
2727:
2416:
668:
2990:
2617:
2421:
2333:
2285:
2108:
2003:
1679:
1089:
420:
174:
101:
2374:
1620:
467:
2769:
2623:
2379:
1866:
1375:
1325:
828:
166:
128:
2923:
2898:
2637:
2436:
2256:
2069:
813:
575:
509:
505:
344:
2918:
2655:
2644:
2597:
2310:
1190:
725:
661:
2882:
2863:
2846:
2560:
2548:
2431:
2359:
443:
433:
426:
59:
2928:
2783:
2712:
2226:
1926:
1684:
1610:
1365:
1320:
460:
74:
20:
2965:
2950:
2908:
2903:
2790:
2733:
2482:
2343:
2273:
1894:
1694:
1689:
1150:
1145:
1140:
719:
715:
711:
623:
571:
513:
410:
221:
2868:
2693:
2577:
2290:
1615:
1337:
1200:
438:
2913:
2698:
1625:
1286:
2975:
2688:
2592:
610:
2268:
1128:
1123:
1118:
216:
2831:
2818:
2762:
2572:
2182:
2013:
1871:
1861:
1651:
1578:
1195:
242:
32:
2804:
2722:
2565:
684:
2670:
1813:
1726:
1721:
501:
405:
1886:
544:
If a senator discloses any of the proceedings except as directed by the Senate, the body can vote for
2874:
2630:
2487:
2278:
2188:
2125:
2008:
1583:
1247:
700:
549:
538:
82:
36:
2980:
2587:
2538:
2300:
2251:
1936:
1803:
360:
2970:
2660:
1998:
1916:
1856:
1736:
740:
415:
310:
237:
2740:
2704:
2683:
2140:
1876:
1823:
1783:
1768:
1455:
381:
281:
58:, which itself can be open or closed. An executive session is for business which includes the
55:
2502:
1901:
1751:
1570:
286:
2717:
1667:
1575:
51:
2811:
1983:
1906:
1833:
1230:
302:
144:
3034:
2135:
1961:
1741:
530:
3006:
2230:
2130:
1778:
1773:
647:
641:
526:
493:
The United States Senate has been called into closed session 54 times since 1929.
1979:
1931:
1838:
1793:
349:
323:
2202:
1808:
339:
2195:
1646:
653:
597:
1716:
260:
44:
2582:
2177:
318:
584:
Foreign
Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008
50:
The discussions which take place in a closed session are subject to
2777:
First
Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
2059:
1828:
2224:
1547:
738:
657:
624:"Senate's Closed-Session Move Borne Out of Daschle's Strategy"
2756:
Scene at the
Signing of the Constitution of the United States
562:
89:
1549:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
2679:
List of artwork at the United States
Capitol complex
2999:
2941:
2891:
2856:
2845:
2669:
2606:
2537:
2455:
2404:
2397:
2352:
2326:
2319:
2242:
2170:
2078:
2052:
1970:
1849:
1660:
1634:
1558:
1469:
1417:
1401:
1353:
1264:
1246:
1239:
1213:
1166:
1082:
1075:
915:
857:
794:
758:
751:
3041:Legislative branch of the United States government
611:"Several House Democrats Object To Closed Session"
512:, the presiding officer of the Senate directs the
2798:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
2365:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
669:
468:
8:
2826:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
489:Closed sessions of the United States Senate
2853:
2401:
2323:
2239:
2221:
2084:
1555:
1544:
1243:
1079:
755:
748:
735:
676:
662:
654:
475:
461:
69:
598:"Secret Sessions of the House and Senate"
580:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Program
570:may be called into closed session by any
3012:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
500:, a closed session may be called by any
1779:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
622:Babington, Charles (November 3, 2005).
397:
229:
107:
81:
1256:Caucuses of the United States Congress
94:Great Seal of the United States Senate
7:
609:Reilly, Daniel W. (March 13, 2008).
390:Vice presidential tie-breaking votes
887:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
102:History of the United States Senate
596:Amer, Mildred (November 3, 2005).
14:
2770:Progress of Civilization Pediment
2624:Congressional Pictorial Directory
1477:By length of service historically
603:. Congressional Research Service.
2638:Official Congressional Directory
2257:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
2447:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
1294:Arab and Middle Eastern members
1191:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
726:Lists of United States Congress
2549:Congressional Research Service
2296:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
1299:Asian Pacific American members
60:President of the United States
1:
2784:Surrender of General Burgoyne
2141:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
1304:Asian Pacific American Caucus
897:Lost re-election in a primary
43:to discuss matters requiring
21:Congress of the United States
2791:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
2734:The Apotheosis of Washington
2468:Chief Administrative Officer
2306:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
498:Standing Rules of the Senate
175:United States Vice President
54:rules and are similar to an
2956:Health and Fitness Facility
2748:Declaration of Independence
1517:Killed or wounded in office
1338:Congressional Jewish Caucus
1311:Hispanic and Latino members
3057:
2370:Interparliamentary Affairs
2291:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
1927:Riddick's Senate Procedure
1354:Gender and sexual identity
559:
486:
2976:Old Supreme Court Chamber
2689:Congressional Prayer Room
2238:
2220:
2136:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
2087:
1554:
1543:
1482:Current members by wealth
907:Elected but did not serve
747:
734:
691:
29:session with closed doors
2269:Architect of the Capitol
2131:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
1272:African-American members
696:House of Representatives
568:House of Representatives
556:House of Representatives
531:other electronic devices
211:the United States Senate
73:This article is part of
41:House of Representatives
2819:Washington at Princeton
2763:Apotheosis of Democracy
2183:Congressional Quarterly
1872:Executive communication
1862:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
1819:Suspension of the rules
1345:Native American members
771:By shortness of service
427:Senate office buildings
33:parliamentary procedure
16:Parliamentary procedure
2986:Webster Page Residence
2961:House Recording Studio
2805:Revolutionary War Door
2566:Register of Copyrights
2147:Biographical Directory
1616:"Necessary and Proper"
1156:Policy Committee Chair
1134:Policy Committee Chair
685:United States Congress
230:Politics and procedure
95:
2311:Technology Assessment
1732:Dear Colleague letter
1727:Continuing resolution
1722:Concurrent resolution
1201:Republican Conference
1141:Republican Conference
1102:President pro tempore
834:Born outside the U.S.
582:during debate on the
566:Like the Senate, the
508:. Once the motion is
421:Senate Reception Room
406:United States Capitol
222:Republican Conference
185:President pro tempore
93:
2875:Mountains and Clouds
2631:Congressional Record
2488:Floor Services Chief
2375:Law Revision Counsel
2126:Continental Congress
1621:Power of enforcement
1584:Contempt of Congress
1487:From multiple states
1440:Mormon (LDS) members
1248:Congressional caucus
892:Served a single term
824:Expelled or censured
766:By length of service
650:- Executive Sessions
550:contempt of Congress
539:Congressional Record
83:United States Senate
2899:Building Commission
2380:Legislative Counsel
2301:Library of Congress
2262:Comptroller General
2252:Congressional staff
1937:Senatorial courtesy
1326:Hispanic Conference
741:Members and leaders
361:Senatorial courtesy
209:Party leadership of
167:Women in the Senate
2971:Old Senate Chamber
2837:VP Bust Collection
2661:United States Code
2593:Jefferson Building
2286:Cap. Guide Service
2153:Divided government
2070:Seal of the Senate
2034:Select and special
1999:Discharge petition
1952:Tie-breaking votes
1917:Recess appointment
1857:Advice and consent
1737:Discharge petition
1680:Appropriation bill
1589:Declaration of war
781:Non-voting members
416:Old Senate Chamber
311:Recess appointment
238:Advice and consent
96:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
2937:
2936:
2741:Statue of Freedom
2705:Statue of Freedom
2684:Brumidi Corridors
2656:Statutes at Large
2610:Publishing Office
2533:
2532:
2393:
2392:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2166:
2165:
2114:election disputes
2102:speaker elections
2065:Mace of the House
1912:Presiding Officer
1877:Executive session
1824:Unanimous consent
1784:Multiple referral
1769:Lame-duck session
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1465:
1464:
1265:Ethnic and racial
1209:
1208:
1196:Democratic Caucus
1119:Democratic Caucus
1071:
1070:
644:- Closed Sessions
574:through a simple
504:through a simple
485:
484:
382:Unanimous consent
282:Executive session
217:Democratic Caucus
195:Presiding officer
56:executive session
3048:
2854:
2671:Capitol Building
2645:U.S. Gov. Manual
2598:Madison Building
2561:Copyright Office
2525:Sergeant at Arms
2483:Floor Operations
2402:
2324:
2240:
2222:
2085:
1902:Morning business
1789:House procedures
1752:Joint resolution
1556:
1545:
1425:Buddhist members
1244:
1080:
902:Switched parties
849:Switched parties
786:Unseated members
776:Youngest members
756:
749:
736:
678:
671:
664:
655:
631:
618:
604:
602:
519:Sergeant at Arms
477:
470:
463:
287:Morning business
70:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3016:
2995:
2943:
2933:
2887:
2848:
2841:
2718:Hall of Columns
2665:
2609:
2602:
2540:
2529:
2510:Parliamentarian
2451:
2442:Parliamentarian
2389:
2348:
2315:
2244:
2234:
2227:Capitol Complex
2208:
2162:
2158:Party divisions
2074:
2048:
1966:
1850:Senate-specific
1845:
1700:Closed sessions
1668:Act of Congress
1656:
1630:
1626:Taxing/spending
1550:
1531:
1522:Party switchers
1491:Died in office
1461:
1413:
1397:
1366:Equality Caucus
1349:
1321:Hispanic Caucus
1260:
1235:
1205:
1162:
1067:
911:
853:
790:
743:
730:
687:
682:
638:
628:Washington Post
621:
608:
600:
595:
592:
564:
558:
523:Parliamentarian
491:
481:
450:
449:
386:
370:
354:
333:
307:
291:
275:
213:
210:
199:
171:
163:
162:
145:Hill committees
135:
134:
117:Current members
68:
52:confidentiality
17:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2966:Senate chamber
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Botanic Garden
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:office lottery
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2812:Columbus Doors
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2728:Visitor Center
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2618:Public Printer
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Adams Building
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2545:
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2534:
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2512:
2507:
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2505:
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2236:
2235:
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2218:
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2214:
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2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2109:Senate history
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:ranking member
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:Standing Rules
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Reconciliation
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Nuclear option
1904:
1899:
1896:Senate Journal
1892:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:Line-item veto
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Reconciliation
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1692:
1690:Budget process
1687:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:Naturalization
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1450:Quaker members
1447:
1445:Muslim members
1442:
1437:
1435:Jewish members
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1333:Jewish members
1330:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1231:Gerrymandering
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
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2024:List (House)
2019:List (Joint)
1989:Of the Whole
1895:
1888:
1887:Jefferson's
1774:Magic minute
1699:
1527:Slave owners
1510:2000–present
1456:Sikh members
1454:
1361:LGBT members
1287:Black Caucus
1063:118th (2023)
1058:117th (2021)
1053:116th (2019)
1048:115th (2017)
1043:114th (2015)
1038:113th (2013)
1033:112th (2011)
1028:111th (2009)
1023:110th (2007)
1018:109th (2005)
1013:108th (2003)
1008:107th (2001)
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2573:Law Library
2274:Cap. Police
2243:Legislative
1932:Senate hold
1839:Pocket veto
1814:Sponsorship
1794:Quorum call
1594:Impeachment
968:99th (1985)
963:98th (1983)
958:97th (1981)
953:96th (1979)
948:95th (1977)
943:94th (1975)
938:93rd (1973)
933:92nd (1971)
928:91st (1969)
923:90th (1967)
916:New members
605:98-718 GOV.
324:Quorum call
2944:facilities
2651:Serial Set
2539:Library of
2515:Postmaster
2478:Doorkeeper
2339:Historical
1994:Conference
1972:Committees
1957:Traditions
1882:Filibuster
1635:Privileges
1409:Physicians
1402:Occupation
1151:Vice-Chair
752:Membership
590:References
496:Under the
377:Traditions
298:Filibuster
266:Committees
2919:Longworth
2849:buildings
2832:VP's Room
2493:Historian
2432:Librarian
2427:Historian
2412:Secretary
2398:Employees
2203:Roll Call
2014:Oversight
1942:Seniority
1809:Saxbe fix
1747:Expulsion
1661:Procedure
1599:Inquiries
1579:(Dormant)
1571:Copyright
1566:Article I
1505:1950–1999
1500:1900–1949
1495:1790–1899
1214:Districts
1129:Secretary
1090:President
870:seniority
844:Appointed
807:seniority
648:Rule XXIX
546:expulsion
340:Saxbe fix
243:Blue slip
3035:Category
2750:painting
2541:Congress
2463:Chaplain
2417:Chaplain
2196:Politico
2189:The Hill
2039:Standing
2004:Hearings
1980:Chairman
1652:Immunity
1647:Franking
1642:Salaries
1576:Commerce
1418:Religion
839:Resigned
642:Rule XXI
615:CBS News
510:seconded
329:Salaries
129:by class
75:a series
35:for the
3000:Related
2929:Rayburn
2924:O'Neill
2883:Russell
2864:Dirksen
2713:Rotunda
2554:reports
2422:Curator
2385:Library
2344:Library
2334:Curator
2320:Offices
2245:offices
2119:memoirs
2097:memoirs
2080:History
1867:Classes
1717:Cloture
1695:Censure
1470:Related
1186:Leaders
1174:Speaker
1114:Leaders
1076:Leaders
865:Members
829:Classes
802:Members
759:Members
502:senator
444:Russell
434:Dirksen
261:Cloture
108:Members
45:secrecy
39:or the
31:) is a
19:In the
2991:Subway
2909:Cannon
2857:Senate
2847:Office
2583:THOMAS
2405:Senate
2327:Senate
2178:C-SPAN
2060:Gavels
2009:Markup
1889:Manual
1710:Senate
1559:Powers
1376:Senate
1372:Women
1277:Senate
1240:Groups
1083:Senate
882:Former
819:Former
795:Senate
701:Senate
576:motion
521:, the
506:motion
398:Places
319:Quorum
77:on the
66:Senate
37:Senate
2942:Other
2892:House
2694:Crypt
2503:Board
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2473:Clerk
2456:House
2437:Pages
2353:House
2279:Board
2171:Media
2053:Items
1804:Rider
1705:House
1604:Trial
1381:House
1282:House
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1146:Chair
1124:Chair
858:House
720:119th
716:118th
712:117th
601:(PDF)
350:Holds
2914:Ford
2869:Hart
2699:Dome
2608:Gov.
1982:and
1829:Veto
1762:list
1685:Bill
1673:list
1316:list
1221:List
1179:list
1107:list
1095:list
877:Dean
814:Dean
529:and
439:Hart
345:Seal
270:list
252:list
189:list
179:list
157:NRSC
152:DSCC
23:, a
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131:)
122:(
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