517:, restored it 100 years later. The monastery was wealthy until modern times and was, for many years, "a great place of resort and education for English princesses", who were the descendants of Clovis and Clotilde. In 511, Clotilde founded a convent for young noble girls in Les Andelys, where the collegiate church now stands. According to a story related on the Les Andelys tourist office website, a miracle occurred there during the convent's construction. One day, the workers complained about the heat and their thirst; in response, Clotilde prayed and water from a nearby fountain "had the power and the taste of wine for the workers". The space in front of the fountain was larger than it currently is, so there was enough room for pilgrims who came for healing, which reinforced people's belief in its power. The spring has become known for healing skin diseases.
382:. His army was losing, but he appealed to his wife's God for help, promising that if he won, he would accept the Christian faith. According to tradition, while Clotilde was in prayer and as Clovis began to win the battle, an angel brought her three white lilies; Clovis later substituted lilies for the three frogs on the insignia on his battle shield. Sabine Baring-Gould considers Clovis' conversion sincere and that it was not due to political considerations. Baring-Gould also did not believe that Clotilde did not influence Clovis to fight this war or others in order to revenge her family's death. Clovis' subsequent military achievements against the Burgundians and Visigoths also do not seem to have been associated with Clotilde. The Franks, due to Clotilde's influence, were Catholics for centuries.
436:, in order to avenge the death of her parents. Godefroid doubts the story is true, considers it a defamation against Clotilde, and states that she arranged a truce between Clovis and Gondebad, Sigismund's father. Butler agrees, stating that sources such as the writings of Gregory of Tours have been disproven, which has "vindicated the queen from charges of ferocity and vindictiveness, little in keeping with her saintly character". According to Butler, Chlodomer captured and killed Sigismund, as well as his wife and children, but Chlodomer was killed by Sigismund's brother. Clotilde adopted her son's three young boys, but was induced to send the children to her other sons, who had the two oldest killed. The youngest boy, Clodoald, was saved and later became a monk in Paris, at the monastery in
463:
405:
44:
255:
548:
349:, were married, in 492 or 493. As Farmer put it, Clovis was "impressed by her beauty and wisdom". Their marriage, from the 6th century on, "was made the theme of epic narratives, in which the original facts were materially altered". Clotilde's story fascinated later generations because it was "the centerpiece of a struggle between the old Catholic, Roman population against the
354:
infancy, and of their next son, Clodomir, but he blamed their oldest child's death on
Clotilde's faith and resisted her attempts to convert him. Clodomir also became ill, but recovered and they had five children in all: four sons, Ingomir; and Clodomir, Childebert, and Clotaire, who all became kings; and one daughter, named Clotilde after her mother. Clotilde's
455:; according to Dunbar she and Clovis had a devotion to Saint Martin. As Farmer reports, "Thenceforward she led a devout life". According to Farmer, she became "totally detached from politics and power-struggles except through prayer". Dunbar states that she "prayed and fasted and wept, and gave all she had to the poor".
459:
tempest that all military operations had to be abandoned". A month later, Clotilde died in Tours on 3 June 545 and was buried at the feet of St. Genevieve and beside Clovis and her older children, at the
Basilica of the Holy Apostles. She was a widow for 34 years. Her daughter died at about the same time.
290:, but David Hugh Farmer calls Gregory of Tours' hagiography about Clotilde "the principal source for her life" and said that a later hagiography "celebrated her as the saintly ancestor of the French kings". Her history also appears in French hagiographies, but most of them were written before Kurth's.
440:, which was later renamed in his honour. According to Dunbar, the husband of Clotilde's daughter at one point sent a blood-stained veil to her brothers; her brother Childebert retaliated against him, pillaging his towns, and brought his sister away from her husband, but she died on the way to Paris.
362:
man named
Amalaric, who she unsuccessfully tried to convert to Catholicism and who "cruelly treated". Little is known about her mother during Clovis' lifetime and about their marriage, but she might have been involved with his intervention of the quarrel between the Burgundian kings at the time and
230:
of the
Germanic tribes". She was able to convince Clovis to convert to Christianity; the Franks, due to her influence, were Catholics for centuries. Political and violent intrigue surrounded her family for most of her life. After the death of Clovis, she spent the rest of her life near the tomb of
226:, in 492 or 493. Their marriage, from the 6th century on, "was made the theme of epic narratives, in which the original facts were materially altered". Clotilde's story fascinated later generations because it was "the centerpiece of a struggle between the old Catholic, Roman population against the
458:
Farmer states that
Clotilde continued to have a political role in "the violent Merovingian world", mostly through her sons. Gregory of Tours wrote that her prayers delayed a war between her two surviving sons; as Butler put it, "The very next day, as the armies were about to engage, there arose a
353:
of the
Germanic tribes", although there is no evidence that Clovis was an Arian sympathizer before his marriage and conversion to Catholicism. Clotilde had influence over Clovis and actively encouraged him to convert to Catholicism. He allowed the baptism of their oldest son, Ingomir, who died in
313:. After Gondioc's death, Burgundy was divided up among them, but Gundobad gained power over Burgundy when he murdered his brothers. Gundobad also killed Clotide's brothers and her mother Caretena, who might have converted her husband to Christianity and was called "a remarkable woman" by
274:, the only source for Clotilde's biography, which was edited by Bruno Krusch before the 10th century, is of no historical value and is mostly dependent upon a document written by a monk from
524:
shrine. The church dedicated to her in
Andelys contains a "fine 16th-century stained-glass window devoted to her life". There is a painting of Clotilde in the Bedford Missal, probably by
1146:
Kynast, Birgit (2021). "Das Ideal einer christlichen Königin? Königin
Chrodechilde bei Gregor von Tours und die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen weiblicher Herrschaft im früheren Mittelalter".
585:
As scholar JoAnne McNamara put it, Clothild and her mother "set a pattern for a chain of
Catholic female missionaries to the courts of the pagan and Arian kings they married".
1926:
1048:
1815:
1175:
409:
235:, "led a devout life", became "totally detached from politics and power-struggles except through prayer", and gave everything she had to the poor.
1690:
1576:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1596:
1541:
1961:
1941:
1931:
1625:
1561:
528:, which Dunbar describes as "a beautiful and brilliant representation of the granting of the lilies to Clovis". Her relics survived the
452:
325:, were raised at the court of Gundobad. They were educated as Catholics, even through Gundobad, like most of the Burgundian kings, were
1010:
by McNamara, Jo Ann; Halborg, John E. Durham; with
Whatley, E. Gordon, England: Duke University Press. 1992. p. 36. ISBN 0-8223-1200-X
1835:
1566:
1130:
812:
693:
478:
Clotilde is represented as a praying queen and as a nun, with a crown on her head or beside her. She is patron saint of the lame in
1901:
1660:
1334:
1916:
533:
1788:
275:
1056:
603:
Dunbar takes the opposite view (see pp. 192-`93), although she states that Clotilde led a virtuous life in her later years.
1951:
1586:
1199:
1168:
482:
and the patron saint of ; according to Farmer, she has been "invoked against sudden death and iniquitous husbands".
1911:
1906:
1630:
1402:
1372:
413:
238:
Clotilde is represented as a praying queen and as a nun. She built churches, monasteries, and convents, including the
1665:
462:
1808:
1783:
218:
and the patron saint of Les Andelys and has been "invoked against sudden death and iniquitous husbands". She married
1377:
520:
Clotilde has been depicted in art over several centuries presiding over the baptism of Clovis or as a suppliant at
286:, and in certain hagiographies. Butler states that the most reliable source about her life is by Belgian historian
1896:
1392:
393:, the patron saint of Paris. Genevieve might have been the first to suggest that Clovis build a church honouring
20:
1161:
525:
404:
386:
302:
239:
1407:
321:. Clotilde and her sister, Sedeleuba (or Chrona), who became a nun and founded the church of Saint-Victor in
1680:
1194:
566:
561:
536:
in Paris. In 1857, a "grand new church" was founded in her honour in Paris. Clotilde's feast day is June 3.
208:
96:
54:
1111:
1754:
1442:
1427:
1289:
346:
223:
242:, which later became the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, which she and Clovis built as a mausoleum honouring
1516:
1476:
1397:
433:
389:, which later became the Church of Sainte-Geneviève, which they built together as a mausoleum honouring
283:
1854:
1759:
1685:
1581:
1556:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1511:
1412:
318:
314:
1921:
1891:
1886:
1826:
1744:
1591:
1349:
1329:
1210:
510:
330:
70:
1845:
1774:
1739:
1706:
1695:
1675:
1650:
1640:
1551:
1531:
1491:
1486:
1452:
123:
802:
683:
1719:
1635:
1601:
1571:
1506:
1496:
1437:
1417:
1382:
1126:
1101:
Butler, Alban (1995). "St Clotilda, Widow". In Thurston, Herbert J.; Attwater, Donald (eds.).
808:
689:
529:
401:, which he built in deference to Clotilde's wishes; she completed the church after his death.
594:
Gundobad's son was later converted to Catholicism, although he was killed by Clotilde's sons.
1798:
1764:
1730:
1670:
1655:
1546:
1367:
1083:
437:
398:
279:
116:
367:. Historian Godefroid Kurth said, about Clotilde, that she was "saddened by cruel trials".
1749:
1611:
1481:
521:
448:
287:
232:
133:
100:
1645:
1467:
1447:
371:
1880:
1620:
1457:
553:
490:
1501:
1324:
506:
271:
143:
111:
443:
After the death of Clovis and her grandchildren, Clotilde left Paris and moved to
43:
1339:
1319:
1314:
1269:
1264:
502:
394:
268:
201:
Chlothieldis, Chlotichilda, Clodechildis, Croctild, Crote-hild, Hlotild, Rhotild
104:
254:
1354:
1304:
1279:
1224:
543:
901:
628:
1432:
1422:
1284:
1259:
1254:
1249:
514:
429:
390:
359:
310:
278:
a couple of centuries earlier. Her history has also been pieced together by
243:
1153:
1387:
1358:
1309:
1299:
1294:
1274:
1234:
1229:
486:
479:
379:
378:
in 496, along with 3,000 of the Frankish people, after a battle with the
364:
350:
342:
326:
306:
298:
227:
219:
215:
188:
152:
1244:
986:
984:
294:
138:
as a praying queen and as a nun, with a crown on her head or beside her
86:
862:
860:
858:
716:
714:
712:
1239:
1121:
McNamara, Jo Ann; Halborg, John E.; Whatley, E. Gordon, eds. (1992).
322:
164:
156:
494:
461:
444:
403:
375:
204:
168:
160:
148:
82:
1116:. Vol. 1. London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 191–193.
498:
428:, an epic about the Franks states that Clotilde incited her son
333:, Clotilde "grew up full of piety and tenderness to sufferers".
172:
66:
1157:
1105:. Westminster, Maryland: Christian Classics. pp. 462–463.
246:, the patron saint of Paris. Clotilde's feast day is June 3.
845:
843:
505:; The monastery in Chelles was built for nuns, in honour of
267:
Clotilde, born around 474, was from Burgundy. According to
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
935:
933:
749:
485:
She founded the monastery of St. Mary of les Audelya in
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
990:
866:
720:
807:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 95.
688:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 95.
19:
This article is about the saint. For other uses, see
895:
1844:
1825:
1797:
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1704:
1610:
1466:
1348:
1209:
893:
891:
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883:
881:
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875:
622:
620:
142:
132:
122:
110:
92:
76:
60:
53:
30:
1865:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
906:. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company
633:. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company
447:, where spent most of her time near the tomb of
385:Clovis died in 511; Clotilde buried him at the
1169:
358:describes her daughter's life, who married a
341:Shortly after Caretena's death, Clotilde and
8:
975:
963:
849:
214:Clotilde is the patron saint of the lame in
1043:
1041:
1039:
258:St Clotilde at prayer (illuminated initial)
1927:Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
1176:
1162:
1154:
27:
900:Kurth, Godefroid (1908). "St. Clotilda".
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
677:
675:
673:
671:
627:Kurth, Godefroid (1908). "St. Clotilda".
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
253:
1088:. Vol. 1. John C. Nimbo Publishers
616:
578:
451:and became closely associated with the
1053:Municipal Tourist Office - Les Andelys
1030:
951:
939:
924:
834:
753:
662:
16:Queen of the Franks as Clovis I's wife
7:
991:McNamara, Halborg & Whatley 1992
867:McNamara, Halborg & Whatley 1992
721:McNamara, Halborg & Whatley 1992
493:, and built churches, reportedly at
532:and as of 1997, are stored at the
14:
1836:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
468:Grandes Chroniques de Saint-Denis
546:
432:to start a war with his cousin,
424:According to Kurth Godefriod in
42:
804:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
685:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
534:Church of Saint Louis of France
1123:Sainted Women of the Dark Ages
1004:Sainted Women of the Dark Ages
203:, and many other forms), is a
48:A lithograph of Saint Clotilde
1:
1587:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
1200:List of French royal consorts
1113:A Dictionary of Saintly Women
1082:Baring-Gould, Sabine (1897).
1006:. Edited and translated from
387:Basilica of the Holy Apostles
240:Basilica of the Holy Apostles
184:
1631:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
1103:Butler's Lives of the Saints
414:Alexandre-Dominique Denuelle
408:Statue of Saint Clotilde by
329:. According to hagiographer
1957:Roman Catholic royal saints
1947:6th-century Frankish saints
1937:5th-century Frankish people
1110:Dunbar, Agnes B.C. (1904).
1049:"Saint Clotilde's Fountain"
801:Farmer, David Hugh (1997).
682:Farmer, David Hugh (1997).
293:Clotilde's grandfather was
1980:
1962:5th-century queens consort
1942:6th-century Frankish women
1932:5th-century Frankish women
1378:Desiderata of the Lombards
18:
1863:
1189:
1125:. Duke University Press.
903:The Catholic Encyclopedia
630:The Catholic Encyclopedia
511:Saint Bathilde of Chelles
426:The Catholic Encyclopedia
128:June 3 (June 4 in France)
41:
21:Clotilde (disambiguation)
1809:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
1784:Joséphine de Beauharnais
1184:Royal consorts of France
303:Chilperic II of Burgundy
224:first king of the Franks
1902:Frankish queens consort
1195:List of Frankish queens
1085:The Lives of the Saints
567:List of Frankish queens
562:List of Catholic saints
466:Clotilde and her sons,
420:Post-marriage and death
370:Clovis was baptized by
337:Later life and marriage
97:Eastern Orthodox Church
1917:Christian royal saints
1801:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
1755:Maria Theresa of Spain
1443:Beatrice of Vermandois
1290:Brunhilda of Austrasia
1002:"Genovefa (423-502)".
470:
416:
259:
1517:Adelaide of Maurienne
1477:Adelaide of Aquitaine
1408:Ermentrude of Orléans
1398:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
1150:, vol. 141, pp. 3–42.
1148:Historisches Jahrbuch
465:
449:Saint Martin of Tours
434:Sigismund of Burgundy
407:
297:, who had four sons,
257:
233:Saint Martin of Tours
1952:French queen mothers
1691:Elisabeth of Austria
1681:Catherine de' Medici
1582:Clementia of Hungary
1577:Margaret of Burgundy
1557:Margaret of Provence
1537:Isabella of Hainault
1527:Constance of Castile
1522:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1512:Bertrade of Montfort
1413:Richilde of Provence
491:monastery in Chelles
319:Venantius Fortunatus
315:Sidonius Apollinaris
301:, Clotilde's father
187:474 – 3 June 545 in
1912:Merovingian dynasty
1907:History of Burgundy
1597:Marie of Luxembourg
1592:Blanche of Burgundy
1542:Ingeborg of Denmark
1428:Théodrate of Troyes
1330:Balthild of Chelles
927:, pp. 191–192.
363:Clovis' support of
331:Sabine Baring-Gould
209:Queen of the Franks
55:Queen of the Franks
1855:Eugénie de Montijo
1846:House of Bonaparte
1775:House of Bonaparte
1740:Margaret of Valois
1707:House of Lancaster
1696:Louise of Lorraine
1676:Eleanor of Austria
1651:Charlotte of Savoy
1641:Isabeau of Bavaria
1626:Blanche of Navarre
1562:Isabella of Aragon
1552:Blanche of Castile
1532:Adela of Champagne
1492:Constance of Arles
1487:Bertha of Burgundy
1453:Gerberga of Saxony
471:
417:
347:king of the Franks
260:
1874:
1873:
1777:(1804–1814; 1815)
1760:Marie Leszczyńska
1720:Margaret of Anjou
1636:Joanna of Bourbon
1572:Joan I of Navarre
1507:Bertha of Holland
1497:Matilda of Frisia
1438:Eadgifu of Wessex
1418:Adelaide of Paris
1403:Judith of Bavaria
976:Baring-Gould 1897
964:Baring-Gould 1897
850:Baring-Gould 1897
530:French Revolution
191:) (also known as
178:
177:
93:Venerated in
1969:
1897:Burgundian women
1827:House of Orléans
1799:House of Bourbon
1765:Marie Antoinette
1745:Marie de' Medici
1731:House of Bourbon
1671:Claude of France
1656:Anne of Brittany
1621:Joan of Burgundy
1567:Marie of Brabant
1547:Agnes of Merania
1368:Bertrada of Laon
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1136:
1117:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1045:
1034:
1028:
1011:
1000:
994:
988:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
928:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
897:
870:
864:
853:
847:
838:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
798:
757:
751:
724:
718:
707:
706:
704:
702:
679:
666:
660:
643:
642:
640:
638:
624:
604:
601:
595:
592:
586:
583:
556:
551:
550:
549:
453:diocese of Tours
438:Nogent-sur-Marne
410:Eugène Guillaume
280:Gregory of Tours
189:Burgundy, France
186:
153:adopted children
117:Pre-Congregation
46:
28:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1859:
1840:
1821:
1793:
1769:
1750:Anne of Austria
1725:
1700:
1612:House of Valois
1606:
1482:Rozala of Italy
1462:
1353:
1344:
1205:
1204:
1185:
1182:
1143:
1141:Further reading
1133:
1120:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1059:on 1 April 2015
1047:
1046:
1037:
1029:
1014:
1001:
997:
989:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
931:
923:
919:
909:
907:
899:
898:
873:
865:
856:
848:
841:
833:
829:
819:
817:
815:
800:
799:
760:
752:
727:
719:
710:
700:
698:
696:
681:
680:
669:
661:
646:
636:
634:
626:
625:
618:
613:
608:
607:
602:
598:
593:
589:
584:
580:
575:
552:
547:
545:
542:
476:
422:
391:Saint Genevieve
339:
288:Godefroid Kurth
265:
252:
244:Saint Genevieve
101:Catholic Church
81:
80:545; Aged 70–71
65:
49:
37:
34:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1661:Joan of France
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Marie of Anjou
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1602:Joan of Évreux
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1468:House of Capet
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Emma of France
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1203:
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1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1118:
1107:
1098:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1035:
1033:, p. 193.
1012:
1008:Acta Sanctorum
995:
980:
968:
956:
944:
942:, p. 192.
929:
917:
871:
854:
839:
837:, p. 463.
827:
813:
758:
756:, p. 462.
725:
708:
694:
667:
665:, p. 191.
644:
615:
614:
612:
609:
606:
605:
596:
587:
577:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
564:
558:
557:
541:
538:
513:, the wife of
475:
472:
421:
418:
338:
335:
264:
261:
251:
248:
176:
175:
146:
140:
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94:
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62:
58:
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51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
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1458:Emma of Italy
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1149:
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1132:0-8223-1200-X
1128:
1124:
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1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
993:, p. 40.
992:
987:
985:
981:
978:, p. 25.
977:
972:
969:
966:, p. 24.
965:
960:
957:
954:, p. 29.
953:
948:
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941:
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926:
921:
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905:
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886:
884:
882:
880:
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869:, p. 38.
868:
863:
861:
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855:
852:, p. 23.
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
828:
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814:9780192800589
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738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
726:
723:, p. 39.
722:
717:
715:
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697:
695:9780192800589
691:
687:
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554:Saints portal
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29:
26:
22:
1866:
1814:
1807:
1789:Marie Louise
1718:
1710:
1705:
1502:Anne of Kiev
1350:Carolingians
1325:Bertechildis
1219:
1211:Merovingians
1147:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1084:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1052:
1007:
1003:
998:
971:
959:
947:
920:
908:. Retrieved
902:
830:
818:. Retrieved
803:
699:. Retrieved
684:
635:. Retrieved
629:
599:
590:
581:
526:Jan Van Eyck
522:St. Martin's
519:
507:Saint George
484:
477:
467:
457:
442:
425:
423:
384:
372:St. Remigius
369:
355:
345:, the first
340:
292:
272:Alban Butler
269:hagiographer
266:
237:
213:
200:
196:
192:
180:
179:
25:
1848:(1852–1870)
1829:(1830–1848)
1733:(1589–1792)
1711:(1422–1453)
1686:Mary Stuart
1614:(1328–1589)
1340:Chrothildis
1320:Wulfefundis
1315:Ragintrudis
1270:Austregilde
1265:Theudechild
1076:Works cited
1031:Dunbar 1904
952:Butler 1995
940:Dunbar 1904
925:Dunbar 1904
835:Butler 1995
754:Butler 1995
663:Dunbar 1904
503:Les Andelys
395:Saint Peter
284:Fredegarius
276:Saint-Denis
105:Lutheranism
64:c. 474
1922:Princesses
1892:545 deaths
1887:474 births
1881:Categories
1666:Mary Tudor
1470:(987–1328)
1355:Robertians
1305:Gomentrude
1280:Galswintha
1225:Ultragotha
611:References
399:Saint Paul
360:Visigothic
263:Early life
207:and was a
197:Chlothilde
134:Attributes
1433:Frederuna
1423:Richardis
1383:Hildegard
1361:(751–987)
1335:Bilichild
1285:Fredegund
1260:Marcovefa
1255:Merofleda
1250:Ingoberga
1213:(509–751)
515:Clovis II
430:Chlodomer
311:Godegisel
250:Biography
144:Patronage
112:Canonized
1393:Luitgard
1388:Fastrada
1373:Gerberga
1359:Bosonids
1310:Nanthild
1300:Sichilde
1295:Bertrude
1275:Audovera
1235:Radegund
1230:Guntheuc
1220:Clotilde
540:See also
487:Touraine
480:Normandy
380:Alemanni
365:Gondobad
351:Arianism
343:Clovis I
307:Gondemar
299:Gundobad
228:Arianism
220:Clovis I
216:Normandy
193:Clotilda
181:Clotilde
165:notaries
71:Burgundy
36:Clotilde
1867:italics
1245:Aregund
1063:19 June
295:Gondioc
199:(Ger.)
195:(Fr.),
157:parents
87:Francia
1240:Ingund
1129:
1092:6 June
910:31 May
820:1 June
811:
701:1 June
692:
637:31 May
501:, and
489:and a
474:Legacy
327:Arians
323:Geneva
309:, and
222:, the
171:, the
169:widows
161:exiles
149:brides
573:Notes
495:Rouen
445:Tours
376:Reims
205:saint
124:Feast
83:Tours
32:Saint
1357:and
1127:ISBN
1094:2024
1065:2024
912:2024
822:2024
809:ISBN
703:2024
690:ISBN
639:2024
499:Lyon
412:and
397:and
356:vita
317:and
282:and
173:lame
77:Died
67:Lyon
61:Born
374:at
211:.
1883::
1051:.
1038:^
1015:^
983:^
932:^
874:^
857:^
842:^
761:^
728:^
711:^
670:^
647:^
619:^
509:;
497:,
305:,
185:c.
167:,
163:,
159:,
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1170:t
1163:v
1135:.
1096:.
1067:.
914:.
824:.
705:.
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183:(
23:.
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