Knowledge (XXG)

Cloudbleed

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208:, in which the client and server prove their identity without sharing any secrets over the network. 1Password data is additionally encrypted using keys derived from the user's master password and a secret account code, which Goldberg claims would protect the credentials even if 1Password's own servers were breached. 1Password did not suggest users change their master password in response to a potential breach involving the bug. 169:
initially stated that he was "really impressed with Cloudflare's quick response, and how dedicated they are to cleaning up from this unfortunate issue." However, when Ormandy pressed Cloudflare for additional information, "They gave several excuses that didn't make sense," before sending a draft that
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bodies, and other sensitive data. As a result, data from Cloudflare customers was leaked to all other Cloudflare customers that had access to server memory. This occurred, according to numbers provided by Cloudflare at the time, more than 18,000,000 times before the problem was corrected. Some of the
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Graham-Cumming also said that "Unfortunately, it was the ancient piece of software that contained a latent security problem and that problem only showed up as we were in the process of migrating away from it." He added that his team has already begun testing their software for other possible issues.
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posted the issue on his team's issue tracker and said that he informed Cloudflare of the problem on February 17. In his own proof-of-concept attack he got a Cloudflare server to return "private messages from major dating sites, full messages from a well-known chat service, online password manager
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OKCupid CEO Elie Seidman said: "CloudFlare alerted us last night of their bug and we've been looking into its impact on OkCupid members. Our initial investigation has revealed minimal, if any, exposure. If we determine that any of our users has been impacted we will promptly notify them and take
154:, noted that Cloudflare clients, such as Uber and OkCupid, weren't directly informed of the leaks due to the security risks involved in the situation. “There was no backdoor communication outside of Cloudflare — only with Google and other search engines,” he said. 195:
Fitbit stated that they had investigated the incident and only found that a "handful of people were affected". They recommended that concerned customers should change their passwords and clear session tokens by revoking and re-adding the app to their account.
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cybersecurity columnist, Joseph Steinberg, however, advised people not to change their passwords, stating that "the current risk is much smaller than the price to be paid in increased 'cybersecurity fatigue' leading to much bigger problems in the future."
224:, in an alert, suggested that "For most of us, the only truly safe response to this large-scale information leak is to update our passwords for the Web sites and app-related services we use every day...Pretty much all of them." 120:
The bug was serious because the leaked memory could contain private information and because it had been cached by search engines. We have also not discovered any evidence of malicious exploits of the bug or other reports of its
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The greatest period of impact was from February 13 and February 18 with around 1 in every 3,300,000 HTTP requests through Cloudflare potentially resulting in memory leakage (that’s about 0.00003% of requests).
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Cloudflare acknowledged that the memory could have leaked as early as September 22, 2016. The company also stated that one of its own private keys, used for machine-to-machine encryption, has leaked.
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Uber stated that the impact on its service was very limited. An Uber spokesperson added "only a handful of session tokens were involved and have since been changed. Passwords were not exposed."
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bug, in that it allowed unauthorized third parties to access data in the memory of programs running on web servers, including data which had been shielded while in transit by
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data, frames from adult video sites, hotel bookings. We're talking full https requests, client IP addresses, full responses, cookies, passwords, keys, data, everything."
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buffers were used. Introducing cf-html subtly changed the buffering which enabled the leakage even though there were no problems in cf-html itself.
93:. Cloudbleed also likely impacted as many users as Heartbleed since it affected a content delivery network serving nearly two million websites. 1223: 992: 1347: 2423: 1761: 1228: 402: 36: 892: 1895: 1877: 1378: 1156: 922: 639: 614: 1901: 1427: 1388: 1023: 204:
In a blog post, Jeffery Goldberg stated that no data from 1Password would be at risk due to Cloudbleed, citing the service's use of
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Many major news outlets advised users of sites hosted by Cloudflare to change their passwords, as even accounts protected by
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1 in every 3,300,000 HTTP requests through Cloudflare potentially resulted in memory leakage.
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on February 17, 2017. Cloudflare's code disclosed the contents of memory that contained the
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It turned out that the underlying bug that caused the memory leak had been present in our
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could be at risk. Passwords of mobile apps too could have been impacted. Researchers at
2050: 2045: 1735: 1720: 1710: 1705: 1637: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1547: 1002: 221: 2392: 2173: 1632: 1591: 1587: 1583: 532:"Everything You Need to Know About Cloudbleed, the Latest Internet Security Disaster" 257:"Issue 1139: cloudflare: Cloudflare Reverse Proxies are Dumping Uninitialized Memory" 166: 96: 73: 57: 475: 2117: 2071: 1871: 1835: 1690: 1680: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1437: 1253: 1182: 882: 350: 44: 40: 32: 374:"Cloudflare has been leaking private Uber, Fitbit and Ok Cupid details for months" 2353: 2343: 2291: 2199: 2143: 2055: 2004: 1865: 1695: 1422: 1053: 2296: 2281: 2209: 1999: 1949: 1805: 1781: 1769: 1627: 1552: 1542: 1532: 1517: 1477: 1402: 1033: 459:"Bug causes personal data leak, but no sign of hackers exploiting: Cloudflare" 100: 86: 25: 893:
A Chrome extension that checks bookmarks against potentially affected domains
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Cloudbleed explained-How the biggest web cache leak on internet happened
615:"Why you shouldn't freak out (yet) about the 'Cloudbleed' security leak" 139:
for many years but no memory was leaked because of the way the internal
99:, first to discover the vulnerability, immediately drew a comparison to 2265: 2138: 2101: 2035: 2014: 1984: 1937: 1919: 1841: 1775: 1557: 1472: 1462: 1447: 907: 483: 806:"Cloudflare 'Cloudbleed' bug impact on mobile apps: Data sample of..." 749:"Cloudflare bug exposed passwords, other sensitive data from websites" 2348: 2240: 2194: 2009: 1823: 1793: 1672: 1657: 1487: 1326: 1038: 403:"Major Cloudflare bug leaked sensitive data from customers' websites" 295:
Every week, the average Internet user touches us more than 500 times.
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On Thursday, February 23, 2017, Cloudflare wrote a post noting that:
557:"CloudBleed memory leak bug explained-why it all happened | PcSite" 1973: 1913: 1883: 1192: 140: 132: 433:"CloudFlare Leaked Sensitive Data Across the Internet For Months" 2245: 2040: 1284: 313:"Incident report on memory leak caused by Cloudflare parser bug" 911: 888:
Simple website that lets you check for affected domains quickly
830:"Dark Reading - Cloudflare Leaked Web Customer Data For Months" 722:"Cloudbleed Explained: Flaw Exposes Mountains of Private Data" 307: 305: 303: 1224:
Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident
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In its effects, Cloudbleed is comparable to the 2014
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Archived from 883:List of domains using Cloudflare DNS on GitHub 923: 8: 170:"severely downplays the risk to customers." 1234:Democratic National Committee cyber attacks 1989: 1178:Office of Personnel Management data breach 976: 930: 916: 908: 2414:Cloud infrastructure attacks and failures 903:Quantifying the impact of CloudBleed bug 239: 68:The discovery was reported by Google's 854:Joseph Steinberg (February 24, 2017). 804:Weinstein, David (February 24, 2017). 457:Wagstaff, Jeremy (February 24, 2017). 608: 606: 525: 523: 496: 494: 492: 206:Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP) 7: 613:Larson, Selena (February 24, 2017). 427: 425: 423: 396: 394: 339: 337: 1229:Commission on Elections data breach 344:Thomson, Iain (February 24, 2017). 401:Conger, Kate (February 24, 2017). 14: 1389:Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident 696:"Cloudbleed: How to deal with it" 18:Security bug affecting Cloudflare 1962:Microarchitectural Data Sampling 1198:Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack 1106:Cyberterrorism attack of June 25 1310:2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks 1147:2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach 1142:2014 celebrity nude photo leak 1: 1379:Bulgarian revenue agency hack 1157:Russian hacker password theft 1513:Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers 989:(publication of 2009 events) 780:"Change Your Passwords. Now" 281:. Cloudflare. Archived from 39:of other customers, such as 1374:Baltimore ransomware attack 478:interviewed on the TV show 218:multi-factor authentication 2440: 2424:Computer security exploits 1648:Tailored Access Operations 1295:WannaCry ransomware attack 1188:Ashley Madison data breach 1132:Anthem medical data breach 1049:PlayStation network outage 81:Similarities to Heartbleed 1384:WhatsApp snooping scandal 1249:Indian Bank data breaches 943: 187:action to protect them." 1926:Speculative Store Bypass 1493:Ukrainian Cyber Alliance 1290:2017 Macron e-mail leaks 162:Google Project Zero team 1300:Westminster data breach 1219:Bangladesh Bank robbery 1162:2014 Yahoo! data breach 1152:2014 Sony Pictures hack 1111:2013 Yahoo! data breach 1096:South Korea cyberattack 998:Operation Olympic Games 993:Australian cyberattacks 1643:Syrian Electronic Army 1353:SingHealth data breach 1116:Singapore cyberattacks 1054:RSA SecurID compromise 501:Fox-Brewster, Thomas. 145: 125: 1932:Lazy FP state restore 1716:Kristoffer von Hassel 1369:Sri Lanka cyberattack 1239:Vietnam Airport Hacks 1080:Operation High Roller 129: 118: 45:authentication tokens 1878:Silent Bob is Silent 938:Hacking in the 2010s 759:on February 25, 2017 747:Constantin, Lucian. 319:on February 23, 2017 1812:SS7 vulnerabilities 1348:Atlanta cyberattack 1317:Equifax data breach 1075:Stratfor email leak 1024:Canadian government 1003:Operation ShadowNet 834:www.darkreading.com 728:. February 24, 2017 702:. February 24, 2017 676:. February 23, 2017 563:. February 25, 2017 530:Estes, Adam Clark. 259:. February 19, 2017 148:John Graham-Cumming 37:private information 2261:Petya and NotPetya 1890:ROCA vulnerability 1653:The Shadow Brokers 1579:Iranian Cyber Army 1505:persistent threats 1305:Petya and NotPetya 1269:2016 Bitfinex hack 1244:DCCC cyber attacks 1203:SWIFT banking hack 279:"About Cloudflare" 2409:2017 in computing 2399:Internet security 2386: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2374:ZeroAccess botnet 1686:Mustafa Al-Bassam 1453:New World Hackers 1416:associated events 1397: 1396: 1193:VTech data breach 1044:Operation AntiSec 1008:Operation Payback 967: 966: 726:Popular Mechanics 70:Project Zero team 2431: 1990: 1663:Yemen Cyber Army 987:Operation Aurora 977: 946: 945: 932: 925: 918: 909: 871: 870: 868: 866: 851: 845: 844: 842: 840: 826: 820: 819: 817: 815: 801: 795: 794: 792: 790: 778:Menegus, Bryan. 775: 769: 768: 766: 764: 755:. Archived from 744: 738: 737: 735: 733: 718: 712: 711: 709: 707: 692: 686: 685: 683: 681: 666: 660: 659: 657: 655: 646:. Archived from 636: 630: 629: 627: 625: 610: 601: 600: 593: 587: 586: 579: 573: 572: 570: 568: 553: 547: 546: 544: 542: 527: 518: 517: 515: 513: 498: 487: 473: 467: 466: 454: 448: 447: 445: 443: 429: 418: 417: 415: 413: 398: 389: 388: 386: 384: 369: 363: 362: 360: 358: 341: 332: 331: 326: 324: 309: 298: 297: 292: 290: 285:on March 4, 2017 275: 269: 268: 266: 264: 253: 52:leaked data was 2439: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2378: 2332: 2316: 2270: 2214: 2183: 2127: 2106: 2060: 2019: 1979: 1759: 1757:vulnerabilities 1750: 1667: 1560:(confederation) 1523:Charming Kitten 1504: 1497: 1433:Goatse Security 1393: 1357: 1331: 1322:Deloitte breach 1273: 1259:Dyn cyberattack 1207: 1166: 1137:Operation Tovar 1120: 1084: 1058: 1012: 973:Major incidents 968: 939: 936: 879: 874: 864: 862: 853: 852: 848: 838: 836: 828: 827: 823: 813: 811: 803: 802: 798: 788: 786: 777: 776: 772: 762: 760: 746: 745: 741: 731: 729: 720: 719: 715: 705: 703: 694: 693: 689: 679: 677: 668: 667: 663: 653: 651: 650:on July 7, 2017 644:help.fitbit.com 638: 637: 633: 623: 621: 612: 611: 604: 595: 594: 590: 581: 580: 576: 566: 564: 555: 554: 550: 540: 538: 529: 528: 521: 511: 509: 500: 499: 490: 474: 470: 456: 455: 451: 441: 439: 431: 430: 421: 411: 409: 400: 399: 392: 382: 380: 372:Burgess, Matt. 371: 370: 366: 356: 354: 343: 342: 335: 322: 320: 311: 310: 301: 288: 286: 277: 276: 272: 262: 260: 255: 254: 241: 237: 214: 202: 193: 184: 176: 164: 122: 114: 109: 83: 66: 29:buffer overflow 19: 12: 11: 5: 2437: 2435: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2391: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2144:Black Energy 3 2141: 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links 875: 873: 872: 846: 821: 796: 770: 739: 713: 687: 674:1Password Blog 661: 631: 602: 588: 574: 548: 519: 488: 468: 449: 419: 390: 364: 333: 299: 270: 238: 236: 233: 222:Arbor Networks 213: 210: 201: 198: 192: 189: 183: 180: 175: 172: 163: 160: 113: 110: 108: 105: 82: 79: 65: 62: 58:search engines 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2436: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2404:Software bugs 2402: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2174:Gameover ZeuS 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 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Retrieved 226: 215: 203: 194: 185: 177: 165: 156: 146: 130: 126: 119: 115: 95: 84: 67: 41:HTTP cookies 33:Project Zero 21: 20: 15: 2354:NetTraveler 2292:LogicLocker 2200:Hidden Tear 2097:Red October 1956:Dragonblood 1866:EternalBlue 1830:Stagefright 1696:George Hotz 1673:Individuals 1423:CyberBerkut 476:Marc Rogers 212:Remediation 2419:Cloudflare 2393:Categories 2297:Rensenware 2282:BrickerBot 2210:TeslaCrypt 2000:Bad Rabbit 1950:Foreshadow 1854:Cloudbleed 1806:Row hammer 1788:Shellshock 1782:Heartbleed 1770:Evercookie 1746:The Jester 1628:Red Apollo 1588:BlueNorOff 1558:GOSSIPGIRL 1553:Fancy Bear 1543:Elfin Team 1538:DarkMatter 1533:Dark Basin 1518:Bureau 121 1478:Teamp0ison 1403:Hacktivism 1034:DNSChanger 407:TechCrunch 235:References 121:existence. 112:Cloudflare 101:Heartbleed 87:Heartbleed 26:Cloudflare 22:Cloudbleed 2328:VPNFilter 2205:Rombertik 2169:FinFisher 2159:DarkHotel 2123:DarkSeoul 2031:Coreflood 1896:BlueBorne 1848:Dirty COW 1762:disclosed 1760:publicly 1598:NSO Group 1528:Cozy Bear 1468:PayPal 14 1411:Anonymous 1285:SHAttered 1029:DigiNotar 809:NowSecure 200:1Password 107:Reactions 64:Discovery 49:HTTP POST 2369:Titanium 2312:XafeCopy 2307:WannaCry 2236:KeRanger 2164:Duqu 2.0 2149:Carbanak 1968:BlueKeep 1944:SigSpoof 1902:Meltdown 1818:WinShock 1800:Rootpipe 1701:Guccifer 1623:Pranknet 1618:PLATINUM 1592:AndAriel 1503:Advanced 1458:NullCrew 1443:LulzRaft 1343:Trustico 956:Timeline 654:July 13, 619:CNNMoney 567:March 3, 378:WIRED UK 289:June 16, 2266:X-Agent 2256:Pegasus 2139:Brambul 2102:Shamoon 2046:Kelihos 2036:Alureon 2015:Stuxnet 1985:Malware 1938:TLBleed 1920:Exactis 1908:Spectre 1842:Badlock 1776:iSeeYou 1741:Topiary 1473:RedHack 1463:OurMine 1448:LulzSec 784:Gizmodo 536:Gizmodo 486:network 484:TWiT.tv 482:on the 463:Reuters 437:Fortune 182:OKCupid 135:-based 2349:Joanap 2302:Triton 2241:Necurs 2231:Jigsaw 2226:Hitler 2195:Dridex 2154:Careto 2077:Dexter 2010:SpyEye 1976:(2019) 1970:(2019) 1964:(2019) 1958:(2019) 1952:(2018) 1946:(2018) 1940:(2018) 1934:(2018) 1928:(2018) 1922:(2018) 1916:(2018) 1910:(2018) 1904:(2018) 1898:(2017) 1892:(2017) 1886:(2017) 1880:(2017) 1874:(2017) 1868:(2017) 1862:(2017) 1856:(2017) 1850:(2016) 1844:(2016) 1838:(2016) 1832:(2015) 1826:(2015) 1824:JASBUG 1820:(2014) 1814:(2014) 1808:(2014) 1802:(2014) 1796:(2014) 1794:POODLE 1790:(2014) 1784:(2014) 1778:(2013) 1772:(2010) 1755:Major 1736:Track2 1658:xDedic 1488:UGNazi 700:Medium 561:PcSite 507:Forbes 191:Fitbit 137:parser 54:cached 24:was a 2364:Tinba 2251:Mirai 2179:Regin 2092:Mahdi 2087:Flame 2072:Carna 2056:Stars 1974:Kr00k 1914:EFAIL 1884:KRACK 1836:DROWN 961:2020s 951:2000s 141:NGINX 133:Ragel 2359:R2D2 2344:Grum 2337:2019 2321:2018 2287:Kirk 2275:2017 2246:MEMZ 2219:2016 2188:2015 2132:2014 2111:2013 2065:2012 2041:Duqu 2024:2011 1993:2010 1731:Sabu 1483:TDO 1428:GNAA 1362:2019 1336:2018 1278:2017 1212:2016 1171:2015 1125:2014 1089:2013 1063:2012 1017:2011 980:2010 867:2017 841:2017 816:2017 791:2017 765:2017 734:2017 708:2017 682:2023 656:2020 626:2017 569:2017 543:2017 514:2017 444:2017 414:2017 385:2017 359:2017 325:2017 291:2021 265:2017 174:Uber 2082:FBI 1726:MLT 1590:) ( 860:Inc 753:CIO 152:CTO 91:TLS 56:by 2395:: 858:. 832:. 782:. 751:. 724:. 698:. 672:. 642:. 617:. 605:^ 559:. 534:. 522:^ 505:. 491:^ 461:. 435:. 422:^ 405:. 393:^ 376:. 348:. 336:^ 327:. 302:^ 293:. 242:^ 72:. 60:. 47:, 43:, 1594:) 1586:( 931:e 924:t 917:v 869:. 843:. 818:. 793:. 767:. 736:. 710:. 684:. 658:. 628:. 599:. 585:. 571:. 545:. 516:. 465:. 446:. 416:. 387:. 361:. 267:.

Index

Cloudflare
buffer overflow
Project Zero
private information
HTTP cookies
authentication tokens
HTTP POST
cached
search engines
Project Zero team
Tavis Ormandy
Heartbleed
TLS
Tavis Ormandy
Heartbleed
Ragel
parser
NGINX
John Graham-Cumming
CTO
Tavis Ormandy
Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP)
multi-factor authentication
Arbor Networks
Inc. Magazine




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