153:. A token is used to make security decisions and to store tamper-proof information about some system entity. While a token is generally used to represent only security information, it is capable of holding additional free-form data that can be attached while the token is being created. Tokens can be duplicated without special privilege, for example to create a new token with lower levels of access rights to restrict the access of a launched application. An access token is used by Windows when a process or thread tries to interact with objects that have security descriptors (
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228:, same as impersonation but extended to remote systems to which the server connects (through the preservation of credentials). The client can choose the maximum impersonation level (if any) available to the server as a connection parameter. Delegation and impersonation are privileged operations (impersonation initially was not, but historical carelessness in the implementation of client
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service when a user logs on to the system and the credentials provided by the user are authenticated against the authentication database. The authentication database contains credential information required to construct the initial token for the logon session, including its user id, primary group id,
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enabled, Windows reconciles the data in the target object's security descriptor with the contents of the current effective access token. The result of this access check evaluation is an indication of whether any access is allowed and, if so, what operations (read, write/modify, etc.) the calling
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the privileges, i.e. special capabilities the user has. Most privileges are disabled by default, to prevent damage from non-security-conscious programs. Starting in
Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 privileges can be permanently removed from a token by a call to
133:, the user's groups, the user's privileges, and, in some cases, a particular application. In some instances, one may be asked to enter an access token (e.g. 40 random characters) rather than the usual password (it therefore should be kept secret just like a password).
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all other groups it is part of, and other information. The token is attached to the initial process created in the user session and inherited by subsequent processes created by the initial process. Whenever such a process opens a handle to any resource which has
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the identifiers of groups the user (or, more precisely, the subject) is part of. Group identifiers cannot be deleted, but they can be disabled or made "deny-only". At most one of the groups is designated as the
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Impersonation is a security concept implemented in
Windows NT that allows a server application to temporarily "be" the client in terms of access to secure objects. Impersonation has four possible levels:
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failing to restrict the default level to "identification", letting an unprivileged server impersonate an unwilling privileged client, called for it). Impersonation tokens can only be associated to
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the identifier of the associated logon session. The session is maintained by the authentication service, and is populated by the authentication packages with a collection of all the information (
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the restricting group identifiers (optional). This additional set of groups doesn't grant additional access, but further restricts it: access to an object is only allowed if it's allowed
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to one of these groups. Restricting groups cannot be deleted nor disabled. Restricting groups are a recent addition, and they are used in the implementation of
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process's security subject. Impersonation tokens are usually created and associated to the current thread implicitly, by
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the default owner, primary group and ACL for the token created by the subject associated to the token.
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the user identifier. This field is the most important and it's strictly read-only.
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Security credentials for accessing resources or services from a server
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367:"Access Token: Definition, Architecture, Usage & More"
224:, letting the server act on behalf of the client, and
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is an object encapsulating the security identity of a
157:). In Windows, an access token is represented by the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
265:A token is composed of various fields, including:
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8:
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193:Primary tokens can only be associated to
186:There are two types of tokens available:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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125:contains the security credentials for a
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2244:Microsoft Windows security technology
2094:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
7:
168:An access token is generated by the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1223:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
178:application is allowed to perform.
1554:User Interface Privilege Isolation
14:
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23:
1283:Remote Differential Compression
34:needs additional citations for
2139:Windows System Assessment Tool
1:
1428:Open XML Paper Specification
1288:Remote Installation Services
496:Microsoft Windows components
1580:Windows Subsystem for Linux
1539:Mandatory Integrity Control
1293:Windows Deployment Services
1090:Wireless Zero Configuration
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1682:Universal Windows Platform
1388:Kernel Transaction Manager
1373:Hardware Abstraction Layer
1070:Multimedia Class Scheduler
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1519:Data Execution Prevention
1368:Graphics Device Interface
1258:Network Access Protection
877:Remote Desktop Connection
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1499:Security and Maintenance
1443:Security Account Manager
1037:Windows XP visual styles
444:"How Access Tokens Work"
121:In computer systems, an
2084:Media Control Interface
1918:Help and Support Center
1534:Kernel Patch Protection
1298:System Resource Manager
1278:Remote Desktop Services
1273:Print Services for UNIX
1055:Service Control Manager
665:Windows Error Reporting
585:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
312:AdjustTokenPrivileges()
244:mechanisms such as DCE
236:, and they represent a
2064:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
1640:COM Structured storage
1341:Desktop Window Manager
1233:Windows Media Services
203:operating system shell
1692:Windows Mixed Reality
1363:Enhanced Write Filter
1213:Roaming user profiles
337:Claims-based identity
1973:Mobile Device Center
1923:Health & Fitness
1721:Solitaire Collection
1549:User Account Control
1544:Protected Media Path
1448:Server Message Block
1398:Logical Disk Manager
650:System Policy Editor
635:System Configuration
316:SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED
199:privilege separation
43:improve this article
2119:Virtual DOS machine
1463:System Idle Process
1438:Resource Protection
1346:Portable Executable
1238:Active DRM Services
640:System File Checker
610:Performance Monitor
261:Contents of a token
208:Impersonation token
129:and identifies the
2124:Windows on Windows
1848:Backup and Restore
1660:Transaction Server
1378:I/O request packet
1218:Folder redirection
887:Speech Recognition
645:System Information
600:Management Console
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2114:Video for Windows
2069:Games for Windows
1938:Internet Explorer
1032:Windows Spotlight
675:Windows Installer
155:securable objects
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1908:Food & Drink
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1603:Active Scripting
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1514:Credential Guard
1193:Active Directory
990:Indexing Service
620:Resource Monitor
615:Recovery Console
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450:. 8 October 2009
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2023:Program Manager
2008:Phone Companion
1998:Outlook Express
1948:Make Compatible
1878:Desktop Gadgets
1838:Anytime Upgrade
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1529:Family features
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1268:DFS Replication
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817:Mobility Center
812:Movies & TV
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580:Driver Verifier
575:Drive Optimizer
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527:Booting process
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396:"Access Tokens"
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2028:Steps Recorder
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565:Device Manager
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347:JSON Web Token
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278:single sign-on
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218:identification
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182:Types of token
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175:access control
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58:"Access token"
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2144:Windows To Go
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2013:Photo Gallery
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1958:Meeting Space
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1898:Easy Transfer
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1568:Compatibility
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955:Action Center
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882:Snipping Tool
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740:Character Map
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560:Control Panel
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550:App Installer
548:
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511:Architecture
510:
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420:"AccessCheck"
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222:impersonation
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190:Primary token
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159:system object
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127:login session
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2178:File Manager
2018:Photo Viewer
1953:Media Center
1913:Groove Music
1843:Address Book
1814:
1807:
1800:
1795:Purble Place
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1760:Chess Titans
1758:
1751:
1738:Discontinued
1726:
1719:
1418:Ntoskrnl.exe
1326:Boot Manager
1318:Architecture
1208:Group Policy
1100:File systems
1000:Saved search
907:Sticky Notes
872:Quick Assist
800:Media Player
770:Feedback Hub
765:Fax and Scan
660:Task Manager
590:Event Viewer
570:Disk Cleanup
452:. Retrieved
438:
427:. Retrieved
414:
403:. Retrieved
374:. Retrieved
361:
299:
292:
264:
237:
225:
221:
217:
213:
185:
167:
154:
143:access token
142:
140:
123:access token
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2193:Minesweeper
2162:Spun off to
1983:MSN Dial-up
1978:Movie Maker
1883:Diagnostics
1833:ActiveMovie
1575:COMMAND.COM
1453:Shadow Copy
1308:Server Core
1148:Mount Point
1075:Shadow Copy
670:Windows Ink
274:credentials
254:named pipes
99:August 2010
2173:DVD Player
1988:NetMeeting
1888:DriveSpace
1753:3D Pinball
1253:SharePoint
1017:Start menu
862:Phone Link
725:Calculator
680:PowerShell
541:Management
454:2014-02-13
429:2014-02-13
405:2007-10-08
376:2022-06-08
353:References
342:Session ID
318:attribute.
293:session id
226:delegation
69:newspapers
1968:Messenger
1963:Messaging
1893:DVD Maker
1863:CD Player
1858:CardSpace
1809:Solitaire
1509:BitLocker
1504:AppLocker
1138:Hard link
1027:Task View
1005:Namespace
975:ClearType
795:Messaging
780:Magnifier
745:Clipchamp
720:3D Viewer
314:with the
304:sandboxes
214:anonymous
195:processes
2238:Category
2212:Category
2089:MS-DOS 7
2074:ScanDisk
1993:NTBackup
1873:Contacts
1853:Cardfile
1788:Hold 'Em
1767:FreeCell
1613:VBScript
1524:Defender
1492:Security
1478:Winlogon
1433:Registry
1047:Services
980:Explorer
965:AutoPlay
852:Paint 3D
837:OneDrive
827:Narrator
775:Get Help
730:Calendar
625:Settings
595:IExpress
326:See also
282:Kerberos
161:of type
137:Overview
2188:Mahjong
2109:Interix
2043:WinHelp
1943:Journal
1933:Imaging
1781:InkBall
1667:DirectX
1630:ActiveX
1618:JScript
1331:Console
1303:Hyper-V
1198:Domains
1022:Taskbar
995:IFilter
970:AutoRun
932:WordPad
927:Weather
842:OneNote
832:Notepad
755:Cortana
630:Sysprep
332:API key
234:threads
147:process
83:scholar
2221:
2210:
2183:Hover!
2057:Others
2038:Travel
2033:Syskey
1816:Tinker
1774:Hearts
1702:WinUSB
1687:WinAPI
1672:Native
1483:WinUSB
1408:MinWin
1185:Server
985:Search
897:Sports
867:Photos
857:People
735:Camera
238:client
151:thread
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2149:WinFS
2048:Write
1745:Games
1712:Games
1585:WoW64
1413:NTLDR
1403:LSASS
1336:CSRSS
1143:links
1118:exFAT
947:Shell
912:Store
902:Start
892:Skype
847:Paint
822:Money
750:Clock
697:WinRE
605:Netsh
543:tools
532:Games
170:logon
163:Token
90:JSTOR
76:books
2223:List
2104:HPFS
1868:Chat
1826:Apps
1728:Surf
1677:.NET
1645:DCOM
1473:WHEA
1468:USER
1458:SMSS
1248:WSUS
1228:MSMQ
1170:ReFS
1133:NTFS
1108:CDFS
1065:CLFS
1060:BITS
960:Aero
937:Xbox
917:Tips
805:2022
790:Maps
785:Mail
760:Edge
712:Apps
507:APIs
448:MSDN
424:MSDN
400:MSDN
371:Okta
300:also
252:and
230:APIs
131:user
62:news
2003:Pay
1903:Fax
1650:OLE
1625:COM
1608:WSH
1595:API
1356:DLL
1351:EXE
1263:PWS
1243:IIS
1203:DNS
1175:UDF
1163:EFS
1158:TxF
1128:FAT
1123:IFS
1113:DFS
702:WMI
250:DDE
246:RPC
242:IPC
149:or
141:An
45:by
2240::
520:NT
515:9x
446:.
422:.
398:.
385:^
369:.
248:,
165:.
488:e
481:t
474:v
457:.
432:.
408:.
379:.
306:.
256:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
