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723:, or scramblers with some rock-climbing experience and a rope for the more difficult pitches, can ascend the hidden recesses of Sandbed Gill. Sandbed Gill was the first new route in the Lake District to be pioneered by the brothers George and Ashley Abraham in 1890. Although George was only 18 at the time, and Ashley 14, they had already gained true rock-climbing skills elsewhere in the Lakes. Walkers should leave the gill well alone.
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22:
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Wanthwaite Crags is the very steep Fisher's Wife's Rake, a grassy break in the cliffs (though with scree) which allows determined fell-walkers to ascend the fell on this side. North of Bram Crag is a deep-seated rocky ravine called
Sandbed Gill. This gill contains a considerable flow of water in its rocky gorge, but it often has only a dry bed by the time it gets down to valley level.
602:) is a lower, rounded hill, nestling against and overshadowed by the steep northern face of Clough Head. Its curving summit ridge contains three small tops, each of which is marked by a cairn. From Threlkeld Knotts there is a striking view of Red Screes just above, and a narrow path slants up through the crags to the west shoulder of Clough Head.
834:
higher on the fell. Individual lava flows may be separated by beds of volcaniclastic sandstone, that is, sedimentary deposits formed from the erosion of the volcanic rocks and deposited by streams, floods and possibly wind. The geological map shows a number of areas of volcaniclastic sandstone on the
405:
A number of different types of rock are found on and around Clough Head, which were formed in very different circumstances. These include deep-sea sedimentation, effusive volcanic lava flows, explosive volcanism, an intrusion of granite, mineralisation and finally glacial sculpting. To understand the
401:
On its western side the fell displays a dark mass of rocky crags and a deep-set rocky ravine. On the other side it has smooth grassy slopes. Beneath the north face is the steep valley or clough from which Clough Head gets its name. Also beneath the steep northern face lies the lower hill of
Threlkeld
909:
Seven quarries around the western side of
Threlkeld Knotts have worked the microgranite. In addition to the large Threlkeld Quarry there are smaller workings at Birkett Bank, Hilltop Quarries and Bramcrag Quarry. Threlkeld Quarry was opened in 1870 to supply railway ballast for the Crewe to Carlisle
936:
The lower promontory of
Threlkeld Knotts north of Clough Head is scarred and flanked by 'rock slope failure' fractures and landslips, and views from the A66 and Blencathra could suggest that the whole mass of the Knotts has descended from the concavity in the north face, which is not a true glacial
825:
sheets which now outcrop in a wide band around the western and northern sides of the Lake
District. These sheets were formed by successive eruptions of mobile andesitic lava from shallow-sided volcanoes. The composition of the erupting magma varied from time to time, and the geological map shows an
706:
Another narrow path leads from
Threlkeld Knotts, slanting up through the crags and scree of Red Screes to emerge on the west shoulder of Clough Head. From there one may go up gentle grassy slopes to the summit, although the main path contours round to meet the track coming up from Great Dodd, which
726:
Clough Head is often included as the first (or last) step of a traverse of the
Helvellyn range. It may also be included in a longer version of the horseshoe walk around Deepdale which takes in the three "Dodds" to its south. This walk begins at High Row and takes advantage of the Old Coach Road.
447:
Steep rocky crags guard the whole western side of the fell, rising abruptly from the green valley of St John's in the Vale. This western face of Clough Head, is steep, rough and rocky. The principal rock features are, from north to south: Buck Castle, Wanthwaite Crags and Bram Crag. South of
454:
The western slopes of Clough Head drain into St John's Beck, which flows north into the River Greta, and which in turn joins the River
Derwent at Keswick. The southern and eastern slopes drain into Mosedale and Mosedale Beck, which also joins the River Greta, via the River Glenderamackin.
609:
settlement. The documented remains include seven hut circles, five enclosures, two trackways, a field system, and some fifty cairns which probably represent field clearances. Remains of enclosure walls may still be seen, about 200 metres (660 ft) north of the Old Coach Road.
695:
land. Entry to this land can be had from three points: from either end of the Old Coach Road, or from the lane leading to
Newsham Farm. This lane begins opposite Threlkeld village, or it can be joined from the disused railway line alongside the road to the quarry.
435:
and the northern
Lakeland fells. A steep valley to the east of Threlkeld Knotts, which begins immediately below Red Screes, is the clough from which Clough Head is named. In the bottom of this valley there is a sheepfold known as Clough Fold.
428:, its neighbour to the south. To the north of the summit the ground drops abruptly down a steep scree-covered and craggy slope which marks the northern end of the Helvellyn range. This face is called Red Screes from the colour of the rock.
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containing lead and copper ores were found on Wanthwaite Crag where there are several old mineral workings, some very old. The most recent lease was taken out in 1887 by the short-lived and unsuccessful Wanthwaite Crag Mining Company.
1004:
is "Mrs Fisher's Path." Rake is a dialect word of unknown origin which refers to a narrow path on a hill. Mark Richards claims that the name comes from the Fisher family of Rake How across the valley. He says the husband cut
618:
An old route, marked on maps as "Old Coach Road" crosses the northern slopes of Threlkeld Knotts and skirts the eastern side of Clough Head, reaching a height of 437 metres (1,434 ft) as it crosses from Wanthwaite
1504:
Jarman D and Wilson PW (2015): Clough Head - Threlkeld Knotts: a perplexing RSF complex. In McDougall DA and Evans DJA (eds), The Quaternary of the Lake District - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London,
990:, 'ball, hard round mass' used of compact or craggy hills. Hence Threlkeld Knotts is "the knobbly hill above Threlkeld", a place-name recorded from as early as 1197 and meaning "the slaves' spring" from the Old Norse
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to High Row near Dockray. This has suffered from rain water erosion in recent years, but remains a useful track for walkers. Near the summit of the road is Hause Well, a spring issuing from a crevice in the rock. The
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cirque (Lakeland combe), but this remains debatable. Rock slope failure also patterns White Pike with antiscarps (uphill-facing scarplets), which could formerly have extended across the Clough Head cavity.
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may approach the summit by means of four principal routes. A narrow footpath leads from the Old Coach Road (at a point 250 metres (820 ft) east of Hause Well) to White Pike and then on to the summit.
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just north of the summit has brought these two rather different rock groups side by side. To the north, including White Pike, much of Threlkeld Common and the margins of Threlkeld Knotts are rocks of the
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of ocean crust from the north beneath the continent to the south. This uplift was followed by a brief (about 5 million years) period of intense volcanic activity, up to about 450 million years ago.
431:
Beneath Red Screes is the lower, rounded, grassy hill of Threlkeld Knotts. This hill rises gently from the valley of the River Glenderamackin, which separates the Helvellyn range of fells from
967:, a ravine. This appears to be a reference to a steep valley just below Red Screes, and which contains a sheepfold called Clough Fold. Thus Clough Head is "the hill-top above the ravine."
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deposit in which blocks of rock are now embedded in a matrix of mudstone, and intensely deformed by minor folds, slumps and shears. This event can be dated to about 460 million years ago.
230:
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triangulation column and a wind shelter. It provides a good view of Blencathra to the north, and a wide, all-round view, broken only by Great Dodd, with glimpses of both the
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is "the pale summit," recorded since 1774, probably named from its pale-coloured rock, and perhaps in contrast to the reddish colour of Red Screes beneath the main summit.
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North-east of the summit of Clough Head is the lesser top of White Pike. From here the ridge descends and gradually broadens into the rough expanse of Thelkeld Common.
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is one of the most widespread of the volcanic rocks of the Lake District; it seems that the whole district was buried beneath at least 150 m of densely welded
298:
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land, which walkers can enter from either end of the Old Coach Road, or from a lane south of the village of Threlkeld. Four main routes lead to the summit.
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was emplaced in stages beneath the volcanic rocks of the Lake District. Threlkeld Knotts consists largely of an intrusion of micro-granite, known as the
799:, part of the Skiddaw Group. Mudstones, siltstones and sandstones which had been deposited in deep water on the northern margin of an ancient continent (
713:
Finally, Fisher's Wife's Rake is a possible route up through the crags on the west side of Clough Head for energetic and determined walkers, but it is "
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of very hot gas and rock. This formation must represent a series of eruptions of truly exceptional magnitude, accompanying the formation of a volcanic
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Gentle grass-covered slopes on the south and east sides of the fell drop to a broad col and to Mosedale, both of which separate Clough Head from
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902:, a part of the larger batholith. The granite was intruded into rocks of the Skiddaw Group and the base of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group.
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1:25,000 map shows the road as an "other route with public access" and as a "traffic-free cycle route;" it does not show it as either a "
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After the eruptions of the Birker Fell Formation, the composition of the erupting magma changed from largely andesitic to predominantly
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671:". However, official signs present on the gates at both ends of the road clearly show that access by motorised vehicles is permitted.
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821:. These rocks are among the earliest of the volcanic rocks of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, and are part of a thick succession of
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suggests that many ridge-walkers bypass the top (just as the ridge path bypasses nearly all the other tops of the range.)
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on the col above and his wife hauled it down by sled, but he gives no indication of the source of this information.
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in which the individual pieces of semi-molten lava were flattened under the weight of deposits above them.
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998:, 'a spring.' 'Thrall' may have been the word used by the Norse settlers to refer to the native Britons.
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and for roadstone. The quarry closed in the 1980s and now houses the Threlkeld Quarry and Mining Museum.
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803:) in the early Ordovician Period were chaotically disrupted by a huge undersea avalanche to form an
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From the south, the ridge track from Great Dodd leads straight up the long gentle slope to the top.
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On the northern slope of Threlkeld Knotts, not far above the large quarry, are the remains of an
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crags on the west side, as well as a larger area surrounding the summit, into which an andesite
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Threlkeld Knotts (left) and Clough Head (centre) showing the craggy western side of the fell
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An old route known as the Old Coach Road passes beneath Clough Head. Most of the fell is
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and is often walked as part of the ridge walk. The fell stands south of the village of
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to the south. To the south-west the vista of the high fells is "especially striking".
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With a height of 726 m, Clough Head is the lowest summit of the Helvellyn range.
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Towards the end of, or after the cessation of the volcanic activity a large granite
767:. Mark Richards recommends White Pike as a better place for contemplating the view.
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geology of Clough Head is to understand much of the geology of the Lake District.
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The deep sea deposits of the Skiddaw Group were raised above sea level by the
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included a drawing of himself regarding Blencathra from this viewpoint in his
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The whole of Clough Head, Threlkeld Knotts and Threlkeld Common (above the
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1778 guide book. Its present name, Clough Head, was first recorded by the
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wall which encloses the lower agricultural land and Threlkeld Quarry) is
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Knotts, a granite hill which has been much quarried round its margin.
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Geology of the Keswick District (Sheet Explanation of BGS Sheet E029)
846:, and as a result the nature of the volcanism became more explosive.
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has established an age of 451±1.1 million years for this intrusion.
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railway line. Production increased in the 1890s with material for
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394:, and it forms the steep eastern side of the tranquil valley of
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A Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire
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along the crags on the western side of the fell, and areas of
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To the south of the fault on Clough Head are rocks of the
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Mountain in the English Lake District, Cumbria, England
1232:
Scrambles in the Lake District, Vol. 2: Northern Lakes
1130:"Settlement, etc on St John's & Threlkeld Commons"
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and are often associated with the granite batholith.
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382:. It marks the northern end of the main ridge of the
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1566:. Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria: Hayloft Publishing Ltd.
873:probably in the area around what is now Helvellyn.
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1519:(11th ed.). Kendal: W Pennington. p. 85.
739:The summit of Clough Head and the view to the west
920:have been formed in many Lake District rocks by
884:of the Lincomb Tarns Formation. This rock is a
853:the Birker Fell andesites are overlain by the
1599:
1262:(revised ed.). London: Frances Lincoln.
924:circulation of groundwater though geological
8:
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775:The rocks of Clough Head belong to both the
1309:John Gillham & Ronald Turnbull (2001).
960:in 1867. Clough is a dialect word from the
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1606:
1592:
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1403:. Nottingham: British Geological Society.
1401:British Regional Geology: Northern England
1200:
1198:
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983:in 1900. Knott is a dialect word from the
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1543:A Dictionary of Lake District Place-Names
1537:
1535:
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1531:
1340:
1338:
1336:
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1428:. Nottingham: British Geological Survey.
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:or on the BGS's iGeology smartphone app
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1251:
1234:. Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone Press.
1182:Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map
1083:A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
764:Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells
1448:Research records (formerly PastScape)
1444:"Threlkeld Granite Quarry (1466061)"
1163:Research records (formerly PastScape)
1109:"Database of British and Irish Hills"
1048:Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map
7:
876:On Clough Head a small sheet of the
459:Clough Head and its Subsidiary Tops
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1545:, English Place-Name Society 2006,
1345:"1:50,000 Geological Maps" (Map).
237:
1826:List of fells in the Lake District
1821:List of hills in the Lake District
1468:Threlkeld Quarry and Mining Museum
14:
994:, 'thrall, slave,' and Old Norse
880:covers the summit of the fell, a
1810:Full list of Wainwrights by area
1482:Mines of the Lake District Fells
621:
600:the knobbly hill above Threlkeld
332:
236:
229:
131:
20:
31:needs additional citations for
1399:P. Stone; et al. (2010).
1311:Rambler’s Guide: Lake District
1209:. Milnthorpe: Cicerone Press.
819:Birker Fell Andesite Formation
783:, both of which date from the
1:
250:Location in Lake District, UK
855:Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation
849:In the area to the north of
1368:"Geology of Britain viewer"
1347:Sheet E029, Keswick (Solid)
1087:. London: Frances Lincoln.
743:The summit is marked by an
1867:
1841:Fells of the Lake District
979:was first recorded by the
153:726 m (2,382 ft)
1807:
1624:
1564:Lake District Place Names
1372:British Geological Survey
1351:British Geological Survey
1313:. London: HarperCollins.
1159:"Monument No. 10444"
1085:Book 1: The Eastern Fells
781:Borrowdale Volcanic Group
369:hill-top above the ravine
223:
130:
1134:Archaeology Data Service
790:An east-west geological
478:(height and prominence)
163:108 m (354 ft)
1644:Catstycam (Catstye Cam)
1562:Robert Gambles (2013).
1525:. Accessed 10 June 2014
1424:D. G. Woodhall (2000).
1365:- may be viewed on the
1205:Mark Richards (2008) .
865:, a rock formed from a
1521:- available online at
1470:retrieved 14 June 2014
1285:"The Abraham Brothers"
1260:On High Lakeland Fells
740:
684:
444:
1515:Thomas West (1821) .
1484:. Skipton: Dalesman.
1230:Brian Evans (2005) .
878:Thirlmere Tuff Member
738:
682:
656:St John's in the Vale
442:
396:St John's in the Vale
1283:A H Griffin (2010).
1013:Notes and references
1002:Fisher's Wife's Rake
797:Buttermere Formation
683:Fisher's Wife's Rake
484:(authors’ listings)
203:54.59326°N 3.03379°W
40:improve this article
1523:www.geog.port.ac.uk
1480:John Adams (1995).
1258:Bob Allen (2005) .
912:Thirlmere Reservoir
904:Uranium-lead dating
900:Threlkeld Intrusion
460:
199: /
1846:Hewitts of England
1207:Near Eastern Fells
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595:Threlkeld Knotts (
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375:, or hill, in the
208:54.59326; -3.03379
143:Highest point
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1719:High Hartsop Dodd
1704:Hartsop above How
1078:Alfred Wainwright
828:basaltic andesite
759:Alfred Wainwright
751:to the north and
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669:restricted byway
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1684:Great Mell Fell
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476:Classification
467:Grid Reference
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1541:Diana Whaley,
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96:December 2022
88:
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57: –
56:
55:"Clough Head"
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1784:Stone Arthur
1648:
1629:Arnison Crag
1615:Wainwright's
1563:
1557:
1542:
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1510:
1500:
1481:
1475:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1400:
1371:
1346:
1320:0-00-2201364
1310:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:
1278:
1259:
1231:
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1206:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1103:
1081:
1022:
1021:
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987:
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922:hydrothermal
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889:lapilli-tuff
877:
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848:
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805:olistostrome
796:
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749:Solway Firth
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572:(1,686 feet)
546:(2,057 feet)
502:(2,382 feet)
483:
477:
453:
450:
446:
443:Sandbed Gill
430:
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327:
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276:Parent range
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1769:Seat Sandal
1744:Middle Dodd
1649:Clough Head
962:Old English
948:was called
946:Clough Head
851:Sticks Pass
693:Open Access
490:Clough Head
473:Prominence
411:Open Access
328:Clough Head
244:Clough Head
206: /
181:Coordinates
169:Parent peak
126:Clough Head
1835:Categories
1799:White Side
1764:Red Screes
1714:Heron Pike
1689:Great Rigg
1679:Great Dodd
1491:0852069316
1360:0751832294
1269:0711225273
1241:1852844639
1094:0711222274
1023:References
971:White Pike
863:ignimbrite
812:subduction
785:Ordovician
570:514 metres
544:627 metres
534:White Pike
524:Wainwright
507:(354 feet)
505:108 metres
500:726 metres
433:Blencathra
426:Great Dodd
417:Topography
315:Landranger
191:54°35′36″N
174:Great Dodd
159:Prominence
66:newspapers
1724:High Pike
1709:Helvellyn
1699:Hart Side
1694:Hart Crag
1664:Fairfield
1659:Dove Crag
1080:(2003) .
985:Old Norse
896:batholith
886:rhyolitic
859:formation
577:(59 feet)
575:18 metres
551:(20 feet)
388:Threlkeld
219:Geography
194:3°02′02″W
149:Elevation
1851:Nuttalls
1749:Nab Scar
1739:Low Pike
1505:153-173.
1353:. 1999.
1114:11 March
826:area of
823:andesite
801:Avalonia
787:period.
779:and the
721:Climbers
717:steep."
667:" or a "
607:Iron Age
597:meaning:
549:6 metres
392:A66 road
390:and the
366:meaning:
319:Explorer
307:Topo map
299:NY333225
260:Location
1453:13 June
1294:12 June
1168:13 June
1139:12 June
871:caldera
857:. This
844:dacitic
771:Geology
700:Walkers
583:Birkett
528:Birkett
519:Nuttall
470:Height
377:English
371:) is a
293:OS grid
268:England
264:Cumbria
80:scholar
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988:knǫttr
926:faults
882:member
832:dacite
731:Summit
689:intake
675:Routes
515:Hewitt
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1759:Raise
1639:Birks
1018:Notes
996:kelda
992:þræla
941:Names
930:Veins
792:fault
665:byway
654:) in
464:Name
87:JSTOR
73:books
1568:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1455:2012
1405:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1296:2014
1264:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1211:ISBN
1170:2012
1141:2014
1116:2016
1089:ISBN
1007:peat
965:clōh
837:sill
715:very
511:HuMP
373:fell
317:90,
59:news
952:in
364:) (
321:OL5
42:by
1837::
1530:^
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312:OS
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346:f
343:ʌ
340:l
337:k
334:/
330:(
109:)
103:(
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94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
