385:
meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles, and functions as a safe nest site. In return, the anemonefish defends the anemone from its predators and parasites. The anemone also picks up nutrients from the anemonefish's excrement. The nitrogen excreted from anemonefish increases the number of algae incorporated into the tissue of their hosts, which aids the anemone in tissue growth and regeneration. The activity of the anemonefish results in greater water circulation around the sea anemone, and it has been suggested that their bright coloring might lure small fish to the anemone, which then catches them. Studies on anemonefish have found that they alter the flow of water around sea anemone tentacles by certain behaviors and movements such as "wedging" and "switching". Aeration of the host anemone tentacles allows for benefits to the metabolism of both partners, mainly by increasing anemone body size and both anemonefish and anemone respiration.
548:
responsibility for the eggs, with males expending most of the time and effort. Male anemonefish care for their eggs by fanning and guarding them for 6 to 10 days until they hatch. In general, eggs develop more rapidly in a clutch when males fan properly, and fanning represents a crucial mechanism for successfully developing eggs. This suggests that males can control the success of hatching an egg clutch by investing different amounts of time and energy toward the eggs. For example, a male could choose to fan less in times of scarcity or fan more in times of abundance. Furthermore, males display increased alertness when guarding more valuable broods, or eggs in which paternity is guaranteed. Females, though, display generally less preference for parental behavior than males. All these suggest that males have increased parental investment towards eggs compared to females.
328:
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67:
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806:
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916:
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496:
464:
483:, meaning they develop into males first, and when they mature, they become females. If the female anemonefish is removed from the group, such as by death, one of the largest and most dominant males becomes a female. The remaining males move up a rank in the hierarchy. Clownfish live in a hierarchy, like hyenas, except smaller and based on size not sex, and order of joining/birth.
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Clownfish hatchlings undergo development after hatching in regards to both their body size and fins. If maintained at the demanded thermal regulation, clownfish undergo proper development of their fins. Clownfish follow the ensuing order in their fin development "Pectorals < caudal < dorsal
518:
in anemonefish may rest on the case that nonbreeders modulate their phenotype in a way that causes breeders to tolerate them. This strategy prevents conflict by reducing competition between males for one female. For example, by purposefully modifying their growth rate to remain small and submissive,
388:
Bleaching of the host anemone can occur when warm temperatures cause a reduction in algal symbionts within the anemone. Bleaching of the host can cause a short-term increase in the metabolic rate of resident anemonefish, probably as a result of acute stress. Over time, however, there appears to be a
384:
Anemonefish and sea anemones have a symbiotic, mutualistic relationship, each providing many benefits to the other. The individual species are generally highly host specific. The sea anemone protects the anemonefish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone's
1772:
Clownfish sold from captivity make up a very small account (10%) of the total trade of these fishes. Designer
Clownfish, scientifically named A. ocellaris are much costlier and obtaining them has disrupted their coral reefs. Their attractive allure, color, and patterning have made them out to be an
1748:
Anemonefish make up approximately 43% of the global marine ornamental trade, and approximately 25% of the global trade comes from fish bred in captivity, while the majority is captured from the wild, accounting for decreased densities in exploited areas. Public aquaria and captive-breeding programs
513:
does not occur and only the adult pair exhibits reproductive behavior. However, if the female dies, the social hierarchy shifts with the breeding male exhibiting protandrous sex reversal to become the breeding female. The largest juvenile then becomes the new breeding male after a period of rapid
486:
Anemonefish lay eggs on any flat surface close to their host anemones. In the wild, anemonefish spawn around the time of the full moon. Depending on the species, they can lay hundreds or thousands of eggs. The male parent guards the eggs until they hatch about 6–10 days later, typically two hours
543:
means that the eggs hatch around the full moon or new moon periods. One explanation for this lunar clock is that spring tides produce the highest tides during full or new moons. Nocturnal hatching during high tide may reduce predation by allowing for a greater capacity for escape. Namely, the
523:
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Before making the clutch, the parents often clear an oval-shaped clutch varying in diameter for the spawn. Fecundity, or reproductive rate, of the females, usually ranges from 600 to 1,500 eggs depending on her size. In contrast to most animal species, the female only occasionally takes
3348:
Vargas-Abúndez, Arturo Jorge; Randazzo, Basilio; Foddai, Marco; Sanchini, Lorenzo; Truzzi, Cristina; Giorgini, Elisabetta; Gasco, Laura; Olivotto, Ike (January 2019). "Insect meal based diets for clownfish: Biometric, histological, spectroscopic, biochemical and molecular implications".
544:
stronger currents and greater water volume during high tide protect the hatchlings by effectively sweeping them to safety. Before spawning, anemonefish exhibit increased rates of anemone and substrate biting, which help prepare and clean the nest for the spawn.
1753:
has been in closed captivity. Members of some anemonefish species, such as the maroon clownfish, become aggressive in captivity; others, like the false percula clownfish, can be kept successfully with other individuals of the same species.
2879:
Dhaneesh, K. V.; Vinoth, R.; Ghosh, Swagat; Gopi, M.; Kumar, T. T. Ajith; Balasubramanian, T. (2013). "Hatchery
Production of Marine Ornamental Fishes: An Alternate Livelihood Option for the Island Community at Lakshadweep".
389:
down-regulation of metabolism and a reduced growth rate for fish associated with bleached anemones. These effects may stem from reduced food availability (e.g. anemone waste products, symbiotic algae) for the anemonefish.
524:
694:
was thought to be the key innovation that allowed anemonefish to radiate rapidly, with rapid and convergent morphological changes correlated with the ecological niches offered by the host anemones. The complexity of
525:
311:, Southeast Asia, Japan, and the Indo-Malaysian region. While most species have restricted distributions, others are widespread. Anemonefish typically live at the bottom of shallow seas in sheltered
527:
509:
Anemonefish colonies usually consist of the reproductive male and female and a few male juveniles, which help tend the colony. Although multiple males cohabit an environment with a single female,
1627:
1840:
have never been sequenced. The authors hypothetically placed this species in the Indian clade because it is the most parsimonious solution regarding the biogeography of anemonefish species.
539:
The reproductive cycle of anemonefish is often correlated with the lunar cycle. Rates of spawning for anemonefish peak around the first and third quarters of the moon. The timing of this
2948:
Shuman, Craig S.; Hodgson, Gregor; Ambrose, Richard F. (December 2005). "Population impacts of collecting sea anemones and anemonefish for the marine aquarium trade in the
Philippines".
253:. Depending on the species, anemonefish are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches. The largest can reach a length of 17 cm (
2776:"Historic hybridization and introgression between two iconic Australian anemonefish and contemporary patterns of population connectivity: Historic Hybridization between Anemonefish"
3026:
1820:. The popularity of anemonefish for aquaria increased following the film's release; it is the first film associated with an increase in the numbers of those captured in the wild.
2483:
Buston, Peter (November 2004). "Does the presence of non-breeders enhance the fitness of breeders? An experimental analysis in the clown anemonefish
Amphiprion percula".
2686:
1769:. Once an anemone or coral has been adopted, the anemonefish will defend it. Anemonefish, however, are not obligately tied to hosts, and can survive alone in captivity.
1749:
are essential to sustain their trade as marine ornamentals, and has recently become economically feasible. It is one of a handful of marine ornamentals whose complete
2419:
3412:
1723:
419:
of certain species of anemonefish with specific anemone host species may have allowed the fish to evolve an immunity to the nematocysts and toxins of their hosts.
327:
526:
1920:
Porat, D.; Chadwick-Furman, N.E. (March 2005). "Effects of anemonefish on giant sea anemones: Ammonium uptake, zooxanthella content and tissue regeneration".
3421:
435:
Anemonefish are the best known example of fish that are able to live among the venomous sea anemone tentacles, but several others occur, including juvenile
715:
in the evolutionary past. The two evolutionary groups had individuals of both species detected, thus the species lacked reciprocal monophyly. No shared
3426:
431:, but it is not totally protected since it was shown experimentally to die when its skin, devoid of mucus, was exposed to the nematocysts of its host.
1665:
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the juveniles in a colony present no threat to the fitness of the adult male, thereby protecting themselves from being evicted by the dominant fish.
1963:
1861:
3297:
Roux, Natacha; Lami, Raphaël; Salis, Pauline; Magré, Kévin; Romans, Pascal; Masanet, Patrick; Lecchini, David; Laudet, Vincent (December 2019).
475:
exists. The largest and most aggressive female is found at the top. Only two anemonefish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce – through
3167:
3038:
2897:
1504:
3548:
2348:
Buston, P. (2004). "Does the
Presence of Non-Breeders Enhance the Fitness of Breeders? An Experimental Analysis in the Clown Anemonefish
2914:
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41:
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581:
2307:
1648:
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1883:
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3089:
2991:
Watson, Craig A.; Hill, Jeffrey E. (May 2006). "Design criteria for recirculating, marine ornamental production systems".
2423:
2244:
Mebs, D. (September 1994). "Anemonefish symbiosis: Vulnerability and resistance of fish to the toxin of the sea anemone".
3405:
66:
832:
2334:
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of the head, tooth shape, and body proportions are used. These features have been used to group species into six
3238:
Casas, Laura; Saborido-Rey, Fran; Ryu, Taewoo; Michell, Craig; Ravasi, Timothy; Irigoien, Xabier (17 October 2016).
2527:
2069:
2715:
Litsios, Glenn; Sims, Carrie A; Wüest, Rafael O; Pearman, Peter B; Zimmermann, Niklaus E; Salamin, Nicolas (2012).
1889:
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structure shown by genetic analysis of the
Australian clade suggested evolutionary connectivity among samples of
3159:
1120:
1067:
480:
182:
2528:"Determining the level of parental care relating fanning behavior of five species of clownfishes in captivity"
942:
2597:
1485:
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923:
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510:
404:. This would mean that anemones fail to recognize the fish as a potential food source and do not fire their
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761:
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476:
3137:
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2012:
Growth, reproduction and survival of a tropical sea anemone (Actiniaria): benefits of hosting anemonefish
2203:
Cortese, Daphne; Norin, Tommy; Beldade, Ricardo; Crespel, Amelie; Killen, Shaun; Mills, Suzanne (2021).
2152:
Norin, Tommy; Mills, Suzanne; Crespel, Amelie; Cortese, Daphne; Beldade, Ricardo; Killen, Shaun (2018).
1971:
1865:
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matter from the anemonefish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. Anemonefish primarily feed on small
552:= anal < pelvic". The early larval stage is crucial to ensure a healthy progression of growth.
3515:
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335:
178:
3299:"Sea anemone and clownfish microbiota diversity and variation during the initial steps of symbiosis"
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1038:
779:
691:
472:
436:
331:
246:
49:
596:. As can be seen from the gallery, each of the fish in these complexes has a similar appearance.
3543:
3384:
2973:
2508:
2465:
2448:
Ross, Robert M. (1978). "Reproductive
Behavior of the Anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus on Guam".
2377:
2134:
1945:
1655:
1634:
1377:
980:
840:
813:
532:
308:
61:
2205:"Physiological and behavioural effects of anemone bleaching on symbiont anemonefish in the wild"
1576:
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2664:
2578:
2555:
Anikuttan Kuttan
Kuravamparambu; Rameshkumar Palsamy; Nazar Abdul Khudus; et al. (2022).
2290:
2269:
2185:
2126:
2051:
1893:
1862:"Clown Anemonefish, Clown Anemonefish Pictures, Clown Anemonefish Facts – National Geographic"
1477:
1320:
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452:
448:
3502:
1814:
main characters Nemo, his father Marlin, and his mother Coral are clownfish from the species
3374:
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2775:
2751:
2716:
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2624:
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2153:
1164:
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features and color pattern in the field, while in a laboratory, other features such as
195:
108:
3370:
1295:
3532:
3208:
Calado, Ricardo; Olivotto, Ike; Oliver, Miquel Planas; Holt, G. Joan (6 March 2017).
2922:. UNEP world conservation and monitoring centre (WCMC). pp. 1–64. Archived from
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2823:
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223:
141:
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1949:
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larvae, with a small portion of their diet coming from algae, with the exception of
2774:
van der Meer, M. H.; Jones, G. P.; Hobbs, J.-P. A.; van
Herwerden, L. (July 2012).
1810:
1804:
440:
3012:
2138:
2103:
Szczebak, J. T.; Henry, R. P.; Al-Horani, F. A.; Chadwick, N. E. (15 March 2013).
2028:
Szczebak, J. T.; Henry, R. P.; Al-Horani, F. A.; Chadwick, N. E. (15 March 2013).
1903:
1448:
861:
3055:
2889:
3484:
3469:
3183:
3029:; Douglas Warmolts (2003). "23". In James C. Cato; Christopher L. Brown (eds.).
2016:
1531:
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416:
355:
303:
Anemonefish are endemic to the warmer waters of the Indian Ocean, including the
250:
131:
121:
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915:
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2649:
2573:
2556:
2504:
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2011:
1941:
1762:
565:
238:
173:
3460:
3271:
2741:
2717:"Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes"
2582:
392:
Several theories are given about how they can survive the sea anemone venom:
2625:"Hybridisation and diversification in the adaptive radiation of clownfishes"
2229:
2204:
1781:
1681:
716:
601:
515:
409:
405:
243:
78:
3340:
3289:
2809:
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2668:
2189:
2170:
2154:"Anemone bleaching increases the metabolic demands of symbiont anemonefish"
2130:
2055:
2273:
17:
3454:
3240:"Sex Change in Clownfish: Molecular Insights from Transcriptome Analysis"
2864:
2836:
2081:
1758:
1677:
1639:
363:
359:
347:
98:
3379:
2526:
Ghosh, Swagat; Kumar, T. T. Ajith; Balasubramanian, T. (October 2012).
2469:
2121:
2104:
2046:
2029:
1394:
401:
304:
227:
190:
3489:
3263:
3060:(illustrated ed.). Barron's Educational Series. pp. 11–22.
2791:
1992:
1796:
316:
88:
3431:
2461:
2916:
From ocean to aquarium: A global trade in marine ornamental species
1799:
1766:
738:
687:
than to the saddleback fish with which it was previously grouped.
617:
521:
494:
462:
397:
373:
351:
350:
and can feed on undigested food from their host anemones, and the
326:
312:
215:
3435:
3031:
Marine
Ornamental Species: Collection, Culture and Conservation
2338:
Biodiversity of the Central Coast. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
3121:"The anemonefish symbiosis: what is known and what is not"
1970:. National Geographic Society. 10 May 2011. Archived from
267: in), while the smallest barely achieve 7–8 cm (
1885:
Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones
2443:
2441:
707:
that the authors theorize was the result of historical
2687:"What we really know about the diversity of Clownfish"
2105:"Anemonefish oxygenate their anemone hosts at night"
2080:. The MarineBio Conservation Society. Archived from
2030:"Anemonefish oxygenate their anemone hosts at night"
3444:
3090:"Aquarium Fish: On the Clownfishes' Range of Hosts"
2882:
Climate Change and Island and Coastal Vulnerability
2557:"Designer clown fishes: Unraveling the ambiguities"
2422:. Florida Museum of Natural History. Archived from
2623:Litsios, Glenn; Salamin, Nicolas (December 2014).
1761:, the anemonefish may settle in some varieties of
560:Historically, anemonefish have been identified by
1638:(clown anemonefish) in a 'normal' orange and a
2913:Taylor, M.; Razak, T. & Green, E. (2003).
1922:Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology
396:The mucus coating of the fish may be based on
230:of clownfish are recognized: one in the genus
8:
3422:Monterey Bay Aquarium: Video and information
2710:
2708:
2680:
2678:
1882:Fautin, Daphne G.; Allen, Gerald R. (1997).
1877:
1875:
1860:Society, National Geographic (10 May 2011).
319:. No anemonefish are found in the Atlantic.
2550:
2548:
3432:
1915:
1913:
1757:When a sea anemone is not available in an
726:
40:
31:
3427:Clown Fish underwater photography gallery
3378:
3330:
3279:
2799:
2750:
2740:
2658:
2648:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2572:
2228:
2179:
2169:
2120:
2045:
663:. Other significant differences are that
425:may develop resistance to the toxin from
2332:Fretwell, K.; and B. Starzomski (2014).
1780:
671:is in the Indian clade rather than with
1852:
1829:
1623:
1591:
1582:
600:has shown that these complexes are not
236:, while the remaining are in the genus
3214:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 179.
604:, particularly the 11 species in the
3211:Marine Ornamental Species Aquaculture
3033:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 303–326.
2535:Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences
7:
471:In a group of anemonefish, a strict
3162:: T.F.H. Publications. p. 83.
2485:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2354:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2009:Holbrook, S. J. and Schmitt, R. J.
1773:attractive target in wild trading.
749:
667:also has monospecific lineage, and
2397:"Clownfish breeding for beginners"
2158:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1620:Morphological diversity by complex
25:
3371:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.018
2286:Lieske, E.; and R. Myers (1999).
1791:featuring clownfish are popular.
1722:
1705:
1688:
1664:
1647:
1626:
1609:
1575:
1530:
1503:
1476:
1447:
1420:
1393:
1346:
1319:
1294:
1269:
1244:
1219:
1190:
1163:
1138:
1111:
1083:
1058:
1029:
1000:
971:
941:
914:
887:
860:
831:
804:
778:
65:
2109:Journal of Experimental Biology
2034:Journal of Experimental Biology
358:from the water column, such as
479:. Anemonefish are protandrous
1:
3013:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.07.002
2306:Patzner, R.A. (5 July 2017).
719:were found between species.
659:in the Australian clade with
242:. In the wild, they all form
2890:10.1007/978-94-007-6016-5_17
2266:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90390-5
1700:(red saddleback anemonefish)
499:A pair of pink anemonefish (
467:Clownfish swimming movements
3549:Ray-finned fish subfamilies
3119:Daphne Gail Fautin (1991).
2561:Frontiers in Marine Science
1676:(saddleback clownfish) off
679:is more closely related to
449:incognito (or anemone) goby
372:, which primarily feeds on
3570:
3323:10.1038/s41598-019-55756-w
3057:Clownfish and Sea Anemones
1016:Red saddleback anemonefish
723:Phylogenetic relationships
647:being in an Indian clade,
535:swimming around an anemone
3224:– via Google Books.
3154:Ronald L. Shimek (2004).
2970:10.1007/s00338-005-0027-z
2650:10.1186/s12862-014-0245-5
2574:10.3389/fmars.2022.907362
2505:10.1007/s00265-004-0833-2
2374:10.1007/s00265-004-0833-2
1942:10.1080/10236240500057929
1890:Western Australian Museum
1583:
1206:Red and black anemonefish
750:
745:
742:
737:
734:
731:
675:, the skunk anemonefish.
514:growth. The existence of
481:sequential hermaphrodites
307:, and Pacific Ocean, the
169:
164:
62:Scientific classification
60:
48:
39:
34:
2993:Aquacultural Engineering
2868:. December 2011 version.
2854:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2840:. December 2011 version.
2826:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2742:10.1186/1471-2148-12-212
2721:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2629:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1735:(maroon anemonefish) in
1717:(pink skunk anemonefish)
1154:White-bonnet anemonefish
299:Distribution and habitat
3136:: 23–46. Archived from
2230:10.1111/1365-2435.13729
1765:, or large polyp stony
1260:False clown anemonefish
505:) in their anemone home
380:Symbiosis and mutualism
336:magnificent sea anemone
3054:Tullock, John (1998).
2171:10.1098/rspb.2018.0282
2070:"Clown Anemonefishes,
1792:
1566:Three-band anemonefish
1463:Australian anemonefish
1436:Saddleback anemonefish
1409:Pink skunk anemonefish
1310:Orange Storm Clownfish
1179:Whitesnout anemonefish
1127:Madagascar anemonefish
1074:Seychelles anemonefish
957:Orange-fin anemonefish
762:Amphiprion akallopisos
536:
506:
502:Amphiprion perideraion
477:external fertilization
468:
369:Amphiprion perideraion
343:
3415:13 March 2021 at the
3184:"Finding Nemo (2003)"
2780:Ecology and Evolution
1968:Nat Geo Wild: Animals
1784:
1659:(Clark's anemonefish)
1546:Thielle's anemonefish
1285:Black Storm Clownfish
1099:Wide-band anemonefish
930:Mauritian anemonefish
530:
498:
466:
330:
3554:Fish of Saudi Arabia
3408:Amphiprion ocellaris
3156:Marine Invertebrates
3088:Fatherree, James W.
2884:. pp. 253–265.
2693:on 25 September 2015
2072:Amphiprion ocellaris
1998:Encyclopedia of Life
1808:and its 2016 sequel
876:Two-band anemonefish
847:Barber's anemonefish
820:Allard's anemonefish
445:Banggai cardinalfish
428:Heteractis magnifica
340:Heteractis magnifica
54:Amphiprion ocellaris
3363:2019Aquac.498....1V
3315:2019NatSR...919491R
3256:2016NatSR...635461C
3005:2006AqEng..34..157W
2962:2005CorRe..24..564S
2733:2012BMCEE..12..212L
2641:2014BMCEE..14..245L
2497:2004BEcoS..57...23B
2399:. Mad Hatter's Reef
2366:2004BEcoS..57...23B
2308:"Gobius incognitus"
2258:1994Txcn...32.1059M
2221:2021FuEco..35..663C
1964:"Clown Anemonefish"
1934:2005MFBP...38...43P
1868:on 13 January 2010.
1595:Premnas biaculeatus
1362:Pacific anemonefish
1235:Maldive anemonefish
987:Clark's anemonefish
728:
685:Premnas biaculeatus
620:, with six species,
602:monophyletic groups
491:Parental investment
473:dominance hierarchy
437:threespot dascyllus
332:Ocellaris clownfish
218:from the subfamily
50:Ocellaris clownfish
27:Subfamily of fishes
3303:Scientific Reports
3244:Scientific Reports
2856:"Species in genus
2828:"Species in genus
2426:on 28 October 2005
2350:Amphiprion percula
2335:Painted greenling.
2288:Coral Reef Fishes.
2209:Functional Ecology
2122:10.1242/jeb.075648
2084:on 27 October 2011
2047:10.1242/jeb.075648
1974:on 13 January 2010
1793:
1777:In popular culture
1600:Maroon anemonefish
1492:Orange anemonefish
1045:Tomato anemonefish
903:Chagos anemonefish
727:
608:group, where only
537:
533:cinnamon clownfish
507:
469:
422:Amphiprion percula
344:
309:Great Barrier Reef
3526:
3525:
3498:Open Tree of Life
3438:Taxon identifiers
3406:Photo Gallery of
3264:10.1038/srep35461
3169:978-1-890087-66-1
3094:Advanced Aquarist
3040:978-0-8138-2987-6
2899:978-94-007-6015-8
2420:"Clown Anemofish"
2418:Stephanie Boyer.
2015:, 2005, cited in
1906:on 14 April 2015.
1617:
1616:
1519:Sebae anemonefish
1384:Clown anemonefish
767:Skunk anemonefish
697:mitochondrial DNA
641:A. latifasciatus
637:A. fuscocaudatus
528:
453:painted greenling
205:
204:
199:
186:
160:
16:(Redirected from
3561:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3433:
3404:
3392:
3382:
3344:
3334:
3293:
3283:
3226:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3160:Neptune City, NJ
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3100:on 22 March 2014
3096:. Archived from
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3023:
3017:
3016:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2921:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2803:
2792:10.1002/ece3.251
2786:(7): 1592–1604.
2771:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2689:. Archived from
2682:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2314:on 7 August 2020
2310:. Archived from
2303:
2297:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2252:(9): 1059–1068.
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2124:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2025:
2019:
2007:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1902:. Archived from
1879:
1870:
1869:
1864:. Archived from
1857:
1841:
1838:A. fuscocaudatus
1834:
1737:Papua New Guinea
1726:
1709:
1692:
1668:
1651:
1642:blackish variant
1630:
1613:
1579:
1534:
1507:
1480:
1451:
1424:
1397:
1350:
1335:Oman anemonefish
1323:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1223:
1194:
1167:
1142:
1122:A. latifasciatus
1115:
1087:
1069:A. fuscocaudatus
1062:
1033:
1004:
975:
945:
918:
891:
864:
835:
808:
782:
732:Scientific name
729:
616:are in the same
598:Genetic analysis
529:
346:Anemonefish are
294:
293:
289:
286:
280:
279:
275:
272:
266:
265:
261:
258:
194:
177:
155:
70:
69:
44:
32:
21:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3440:
3417:Wayback Machine
3402:
3399:
3347:
3296:
3237:
3234:
3232:Further reading
3229:
3222:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3188:Rotten Tomatoes
3182:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3143:on 25 May 2012.
3140:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3025:
3024:
3020:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2598:"Anemonefishes"
2595:
2594:
2590:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2462:10.2307/1443829
2447:
2446:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1900:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1779:
1746:
1744:In the aquarium
1739:
1727:
1718:
1710:
1701:
1693:
1684:
1669:
1660:
1652:
1643:
1631:
1622:
1487:A. sandaracinos
1458:A. rubrocinctus
952:A. chrysopterus
925:A. chrysogaster
725:
649:A. chrysopterus
633:A. chrosgaster
558:
522:
493:
461:
451:, and juvenile
382:
325:
301:
291:
287:
284:
282:
277:
273:
270:
268:
263:
259:
256:
254:
154:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3481:
3476:Amphiprioninae
3466:
3450:
3448:
3446:Amphiprioninae
3442:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3410:and their eggs
3398:
3397:External links
3395:
3394:
3393:
3345:
3294:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3200:
3175:
3168:
3146:
3111:
3080:
3066:
3046:
3039:
3018:
2999:(3): 157–162.
2983:
2956:(4): 564–573.
2940:
2929:on 1 July 2004
2905:
2898:
2871:
2852:Froese, Rainer
2843:
2824:Froese, Rainer
2815:
2766:
2704:
2685:DeAngelis, R.
2674:
2610:
2588:
2544:
2518:
2475:
2456:(1): 103–107.
2437:
2410:
2395:Jeff Hesketh.
2387:
2340:
2325:
2298:
2279:
2236:
2215:(3): 663–674.
2195:
2144:
2115:(6): 970–976.
2095:
2061:
2040:(6): 970–976.
2020:
2002:
1985:
1955:
1909:
1898:
1871:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1789:birthday cakes
1778:
1775:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1732:P. biaculeatus
1728:
1721:
1719:
1714:A. perideraion
1711:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1496:A. akallopisos
1493:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1413:A. akallopisos
1410:
1407:
1404:A. perideraion
1399:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:A. akallopisos
1363:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:A. leucokranos
1144:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1094:A. latezonatus
1089:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1006:
1005:
998:
993:
988:
985:
977:
976:
969:
964:
958:
955:
947:
946:
939:
934:
931:
928:
920:
919:
912:
907:
904:
901:
898:A. chagosensis
893:
892:
885:
880:
877:
874:
866:
865:
858:
853:
848:
845:
837:
836:
829:
824:
821:
818:
810:
809:
802:
797:
794:
792:
784:
783:
776:
773:
771:A. akallopisos
768:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
744:
741:
736:
733:
724:
721:
677:A. latezonatus
673:A. akallopisos
665:A. latezonatus
629:A. chagosensis
557:
554:
492:
489:
460:
457:
433:
432:
413:
381:
378:
324:
321:
315:or in shallow
300:
297:
222:in the family
220:Amphiprioninae
203:
202:
201:
200:
187:
167:
166:
162:
161:
152:Amphiprioninae
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
109:Actinopterygii
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3566:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Pomacentridae
3537:
3536:
3534:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3221:9780470673904
3217:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3201:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3069:
3067:9780764105111
3063:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3027:Hall, Heather
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2941:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:(5): 430–441.
2540:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2295:0-691-00481-1
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1899:9780730983651
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1839:
1836:Exemplars of
1833:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1802:'s 2003 film
1801:
1798:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1561:A. tricinctus
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:Likely hybrid
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
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1432:
1428:
1427:
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1396:
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1327:
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1297:
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1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1210:A. ephippium
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1174:A. mccullochi
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:Likely hybrid
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
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1101:
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1095:
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1086:
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1079:
1076:
1073:
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1066:
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1061:
1057:
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1052:
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1047:
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1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
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1008:
1007:
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999:
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992:
989:
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984:
983:
979:
978:
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970:
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959:
956:
954:
953:
949:
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944:
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938:
935:
932:
929:
927:
926:
922:
921:
917:
913:
911:
908:
905:
902:
900:
899:
895:
894:
890:
886:
884:
881:
878:
875:
873:
872:
868:
867:
863:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:A. ephippium
849:
846:
844:
843:
839:
838:
834:
830:
828:
825:
822:
819:
817:
816:
812:
811:
807:
803:
801:
798:
795:
793:
791:
790:
786:
785:
781:
777:
774:
772:
769:
766:
764:
763:
759:
758:
754:
740:
730:
722:
720:
718:
714:
713:introgression
710:
709:hybridization
706:
705:A. mccullochi
702:
698:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:A. mccullochi
658:
655:lineage, and
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:morphological
555:
553:
549:
545:
542:
534:
520:
517:
512:
504:
503:
497:
490:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
465:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
414:
411:
407:
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394:
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390:
386:
379:
377:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
337:
334:nestled in a
333:
329:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
296:
252:
248:
245:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:Pomacentridae
221:
217:
213:
209:
197:
193:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
163:
158:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:Pomacentridae
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
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3407:
3380:2318/1674109
3354:
3350:
3309:(1): 19491.
3306:
3302:
3247:
3243:
3210:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3155:
3149:
3138:the original
3133:
3127:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:the original
3093:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3056:
3049:
3030:
3021:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2915:
2908:
2881:
2874:
2863:
2857:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2818:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2724:
2720:
2697:20 September
2695:. Retrieved
2691:the original
2632:
2628:
2603:20 September
2601:. Retrieved
2596:Goemans, B.
2591:
2564:
2560:
2538:
2534:
2521:
2491:(1): 23–31.
2488:
2484:
2478:
2453:
2449:
2430:15 September
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2390:
2360:(1): 23–31.
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2333:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:the original
2301:
2287:
2282:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2077:
2071:
2064:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2017:blogspot.com
2010:
2005:
1996:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1967:
1958:
1928:(1): 43–51.
1925:
1921:
1904:the original
1884:
1866:the original
1855:
1837:
1832:
1817:A. ocellaris
1815:
1811:Finding Dory
1809:
1805:Finding Nemo
1803:
1794:
1786:Finding Nemo
1785:
1771:
1756:
1747:
1730:
1712:
1697:A. ephippium
1695:
1671:
1654:
1633:
1593:
1585:
1560:
1540:
1522:
1513:
1495:
1486:
1472:A. ephippium
1471:
1467:A. ephippium
1466:
1457:
1439:
1430:
1412:
1403:
1378:
1365:
1357:A. pacificus
1356:
1341:
1330:A. omanensis
1329:
1305:A. ocellaris
1304:
1280:A. ocellaris
1279:
1255:A. ocellaris
1254:
1229:
1215:A. ephippium
1214:
1209:
1201:A. melanopus
1200:
1186:A. ephippium
1185:
1173:
1148:
1133:
1121:
1103:Monospecific
1093:
1068:
1054:A. ephippium
1053:
1049:A. ephippium
1048:
1039:
1025:A. ephippium
1024:
1020:A. ephippium
1019:
1011:A. ephippium
1010:
995:
990:
981:
966:
961:Monospecific
950:
936:
924:
909:
897:
882:
871:A. bicinctus
870:
856:A. ephippium
855:
850:
841:
826:
814:
799:
789:A. akindynos
788:
770:
760:
752:
735:Common name
704:
701:A. akindynos
700:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:A. akindynos
656:
653:monospecific
648:
645:A. omanensis
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:A. bicinctus
624:
621:
614:A. tricintus
613:
609:
605:
559:
550:
546:
538:
508:
500:
487:after dusk.
485:
470:
459:Reproduction
441:cardinalfish
434:
426:
420:
400:rather than
391:
387:
383:
367:
345:
339:
302:
251:sea anemones
237:
231:
219:
211:
207:
206:
189:
172:
151:
128:(unranked):
115:
53:
29:
3485:iNaturalist
3470:Wikispecies
3403:(in German)
3351:Aquaculture
3104:31 December
2950:Coral Reefs
2088:19 December
1993:"Clownfish"
1978:19 December
1763:soft corals
1673:A. polymnus
1541:A. thiellei
1523:A. polymnus
1440:A. polymnus
1431:A. polymnus
1230:A. nigripes
1040:A. frenatus
669:A. nigripes
622:A . allardi
531:Video of a
417:coevolution
408:, or sting
406:nematocysts
356:zooplankton
295: in).
212:anemonefish
148:Subfamily:
132:Ovalentaria
122:Percomorpha
3533:Categories
2830:Amphiprion
2727:(1): 212.
2635:(1): 245.
2403:19 October
2318:10 January
1848:References
1656:A. clarkii
1640:melanistic
1635:A. percula
1527:Saddleback
1444:Saddleback
1379:A. percula
1342:A. clarkii
1182:Australian
1134:A. clarkii
1108:Saddleback
1080:A. clarkii
996:A. clarkii
991:A. clarkii
982:A. clarkii
967:A. clarkii
937:A. clarkii
910:A. clarkii
883:A. clarkii
842:A. barberi
827:A. clarkii
815:A. allardi
800:A. clarkii
796:Australian
753:Amphiprion
717:haplotypes
681:A. percula
610:A. clarkii
606:A. clarkii
590:saddleback
439:, certain
410:organelles
348:omnivorous
247:mutualisms
239:Amphiprion
174:Amphiprion
35:Clownfish
18:Clown fish
3544:Symbiosis
3272:2045-2322
3250:: 35461.
3129:Symbiosis
2583:2296-7745
2078:Marinebio
1751:lifecycle
1682:Indonesia
1390:Clownfish
1316:Clownfish
1291:Clownfish
1266:Clownfish
692:mutualism
690:Obligate
570:complexes
566:scalation
516:protandry
443:(such as
244:symbiotic
226:. Thirty
208:Clownfish
183:Schneider
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
3455:Wikidata
3413:Archived
3389:92357750
3357:: 1–11.
3341:31862916
3290:27748421
2978:25027153
2933:18 April
2865:FishBase
2837:FishBase
2810:22957165
2761:23122007
2669:25433367
2513:24516887
2382:24516887
2190:29643214
2164:(1876).
2131:23447664
2056:23447664
1950:53051081
1759:aquarium
1678:Sulawesi
1514:A. sebae
743:Complex
556:Taxonomy
511:polygamy
402:proteins
364:tunicate
360:copepods
138:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
3503:5846181
3461:Q472616
3359:Bibcode
3332:6925283
3311:Bibcode
3281:5066260
3252:Bibcode
3193:5 April
3001:Bibcode
2958:Bibcode
2858:Premnas
2801:3434915
2752:3532366
2729:Bibcode
2660:4264551
2637:Bibcode
2493:Bibcode
2470:1443829
2362:Bibcode
2274:7801342
2254:Bibcode
2246:Toxicon
2217:Bibcode
2181:5904320
1995:at the
1930:Bibcode
1603:Percula
1586:Premnas
1572:Clarkii
1569:Clarkii
1387:Percula
1313:Percula
1288:Percula
1263:Percula
1105:lineage
1077:Indian
963:lineage
651:having
586:clarkii
574:percula
317:lagoons
305:Red Sea
290:⁄
276:⁄
262:⁄
233:Premnas
228:species
191:Premnas
165:Genera
105:Class:
3516:714652
3490:343197
3387:
3339:
3329:
3288:
3278:
3270:
3218:
3166:
3073:11 May
3064:
3037:
2976:
2896:
2808:
2798:
2759:
2749:
2667:
2657:
2581:
2511:
2468:
2450:Copeia
2380:
2293:
2272:
2188:
2178:
2139:205352
2137:
2129:
2054:
1948:
1896:
1797:Disney
1767:corals
1606:Maroon
1584:Genus
1338:Indian
1238:Indian
1130:Indian
933:Indian
906:Indian
879:Indian
823:Indian
751:Genus
746:image
643:, and
594:maroon
592:, and
578:tomato
398:sugars
216:fishes
198:, 1816
196:Cuvier
185:, 1801
181:&
159:, 1975
3511:WoRMS
3385:S2CID
3141:(PDF)
3124:(PDF)
2974:S2CID
2927:(PDF)
2920:(PDF)
2531:(PDF)
2509:S2CID
2466:JSTOR
2378:S2CID
2135:S2CID
1946:S2CID
1824:Notes
1800:Pixar
1729:Male
1552:Skunk
1500:Skunk
1417:Skunk
1370:Skunk
1241:Skunk
1160:Skunk
775:Skunk
739:Clade
618:clade
582:skunk
541:spawn
374:algae
352:fecal
313:reefs
249:with
179:Bloch
157:Allen
116:Clade
3337:PMID
3286:PMID
3268:ISSN
3216:ISBN
3195:2016
3164:ISBN
3106:2016
3075:2015
3062:ISBN
3035:ISBN
2935:2013
2894:ISBN
2806:PMID
2757:PMID
2699:2015
2665:PMID
2605:2015
2579:ISSN
2454:1978
2432:2013
2405:2023
2320:2018
2291:ISBN
2270:PMID
2186:PMID
2127:PMID
2090:2011
2052:PMID
1980:2011
1894:ISBN
711:and
703:and
683:and
612:and
415:The
362:and
323:Diet
214:are
3375:hdl
3367:doi
3355:498
3327:PMC
3319:doi
3276:PMC
3260:doi
3009:doi
2966:doi
2886:doi
2796:PMC
2788:doi
2747:PMC
2737:doi
2655:PMC
2645:doi
2569:doi
2501:doi
2458:doi
2370:doi
2352:".
2262:doi
2225:doi
2176:PMC
2166:doi
2162:285
2117:doi
2113:216
2042:doi
2038:216
1938:doi
1795:In
447:),
210:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
