273:
2168:
519:
243:
2877:
2889:
829:
924:
As the
Blessed Virgin Mary does not seem to participate in the public life of Jesus Christ, and then, suddenly appears at the stations of his cross, she is not there without divine intention. She suffers with her suffering and dying son, almost as if she would have died herself. For the salvation of
199:
as not implying that Mary participates as equal part in the redemption of the human race, since Christ is the only redeemer. Mary herself needed redemption and was redeemed by Jesus Christ. Being redeemed by Christ, implies that she cannot be his equal part in the redemption process. Similarly, if
1192:
The semantic weight of this expression would require a good many other qualifications and clarifications, especially in the case under examination, where she who is wished to be proclaimed co-redeemer is, in the first place, one who is redeemed, albeit in a singular manner, and who participates in
1171:
Our
Blessed Lord is the sole Redeemer of the world in the true and proper sense of the word, and in this sense no creature whatsoever shares the honor with Him, neither can it be said of Him without impiety that He is co-redeemer with Mary, ... in a degree to which no others approach, our Blessed
1008:
On two occasions - in
December 2019 and March 2021 - Pope Francis has spoken out against the use of the term. At a Mass in the chapel of the Casa Santa Marta on April 3, 2020 Francis said: "She did not ask herself to be a quasi-redeemer or a co-redeemer: no. The Redeemer is one and this title does
141:
Theologians distinguish between "remote cooperation", by which she consents to the
Incarnation and gives birth to the Son of God, and "immediate cooperation", in which she willingly unites herself to her Son's Passion and offers him back to the Father. Philosophers also draw a distinction between
49:
refers to a subordinate but essential participation by the
Blessed Virgin Mary in redemption, notably that she gave free consent to give life to the Redeemer, which meant sharing his life, suffering, and death, which were redemptive for the world. Related to this belief is the concept of Mary as
1065:
by
Italian, Spanish, and Polish bishops, but not dealt with on the council floor. Subsequently, "not only did the Council not take the route of a dogmatic pronouncement, but it positively avoided using 'coredemptio'", and popes pointedly did not include such language in their encyclicals.
1184:
tends to imply complete equality. He also explains that, "Thus, so far as the literal meaning of the word is concerned, it would appear that the term co-redemptress is not theologically true, or at least does not express the truth it certainly contains with theological accuracy."
1277:; the latter because "Mary makes God a mestizo, true God but also true man.â He also discouraged proposals for a new dogmatic title. "âWhen they come to us with the story of declaring her this or making that dogma, letâs not get lost in foolishness ,â he said."
1137:, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, states, "...In this singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope and burning charity in the work of the Saviour in giving back supernatural life to souls. Wherefore she is our mother in the order of grace."
1488:âMary is the intermediary through whom is distributed unto us this immense treasure of mercies gathered by God, for mercy and truth were created by Jesus Christ. Thus as no man goeth to the Father but by the Son, so no man goeth to Christ but by His Mother.â
1057:
had affirmed the earlier finding of Bishop
Johannes Huibers, a predecessor, that he "found no evidence of the supernatural nature of the apparitions". The CDF affirmed his position on 13 March 1957 and again on 24 May 1972 and 25 May 1974.
1095:
in Rome thought that this indicated "...a certain 'under-appreciation' of the
Council's teaching, which is perhaps believed to be not completely adequate to illustrate comprehensively Mary's co-operation in Christ's work of Redemption."
882:. It is an idea which was the subject of considerable theological debate, reaching a peak in the 15th century. By the early 16th century the hopes of the concept becoming Catholic doctrine had receded, and have never seriously revived.
1193:
Redemption primarily as something she herself receives. Thus we see the inadequacy of the above-mentioned term for expressing a doctrine which requires, even from the lexical standpoint, the proper nuances and distinctions of levels.
1254:) responded that, "...the formula âCo-redemptrixâ departs to too great an extent from the language of Scripture and of the Fathers and therefore gives rise to misunderstandings. ...Everything comes from Him , as the
2069:
81:. By the early 16th century the hopes of the concept becoming Catholic doctrine had receded, and have never seriously revived. In more recent times, the title has received some support from the Catholic
597:
176:
meant "for usâ to mean all humankind except Christ's human nature and Mary, or only those living after Mary's merits, since the former could potentially break the general rule that
1247:, John Paul said, "Christ, the Redeemer of the world, is the one Mediator between God and men, and there is no other name under heaven by which we can be saved (cf. Acts 4:12)."
1262:, in particular, tell us; Mary, too, is everything she is through Him. The word âCo-redemptrixâ would obscure this origin. A correct intention being expressed in the wrong way.
1685:
857:
1239:
cautioned against "all false exaggeration"; his teaching and devotion to Mary has strictly been "exalting Mary as the first among believers but concentrating all faith on the
1250:
When asked in an interview in 2000 whether the
Catholic Church would go along with the desire to solemnly define Mary as Co-redemptrix, then-Cardinal Ratzinger (later
954:
said, "...since Mary carries it over all in holiness and union with Jesus Christ, and has been associated by Jesus Christ in the work of redemption, she merits for us
164:
said, "...since Mary carries it over all in holiness and union with Jesus Christ, and has been associated by Jesus Christ in the work of redemption, she merits for us
1235:
or commission." A leading
Mariologist stated the petition was "theologically inadequate, historically a mistake, pastorally imprudent and ecumenically unacceptable."
2041:
1145:: " now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up those things that are wanting of the sufferings of Christ, in my flesh, for his body, which is the churchâ.
1002:
1131:, he saith to his mother: Woman, behold thy son. After that, he saith to the disciple: Behold thy mother. And from that hour, the disciple took her to his own."
204:
of all graces, it âis to be so understood that it neither takes away from nor adds anything to the dignity and efficaciousness of Christ the one Mediatorâ.
1050:
1723:
1498:
4. Ott, Dogmatics, Mariology § 7 even thinks that, in spite of uncertain evidence in the Sources of Faith, a dogmatic definition does not seem impossible.
909:
union. The divine salvation plan, being not only material, includes a permanent spiritual unity with Christ. Most Mariologists agree with this position.
1889:
1054:
998:
423:
1940:
1842:
2527:
2396:
2265:
797:
350:
2920:
2505:
850:
1473:
1320:
585:
340:
1209:. The congress sought the opinion of scholars present there regarding the possibility of proposing a fifth Marian dogma on Mary as Coredemptrix,
2103:
1074:
542:
1197:
It was rejected by the Vatican in the past because of serious theological difficulties. In August 1996, a Mariological Congress was held in
2808:
2754:
2517:
1569:
547:
345:
272:
2255:
1021:, which has had both popular and ecclesiastical support. The proposal for the dogma is often associated with the alleged apparitions of
843:
1508:
813:
635:
632:
2746:
2700:
1873:
1429:
1748:
1381:
2490:
757:
2781:
640:
2881:
2854:
2326:
622:
278:
207:
The topic is made more complex by the evolving understanding of what "sacrifice" means in the Catholic Church, whether it is
1820:
1442:
965:
Attempts to promote a fifth marian dogma undertaken in the 20s-40s of the twentieth century did not come to fruition due to
1231:
was going to consider new Marian dogmas. The papal spokesman stated "This is not under study by the Holy Father nor by any
2414:
1333:
1283:, theologian specializing in Mariology, said "âThere is no mediation or co-redemption except in Christ. He alone is God.â
1664:
134:, acknowledging that not even the greatest effort, of itself and apart from Christ, can be of any significance to God. A
1594:
1152:. At the same time, this is easily interpreted as the task of all Christians to mediate the face of Christ to the world.
1018:
607:
283:
135:
1213:, and Advocate. The commission unanimously declared that it was not opportune, voting 23â0 against the proposed dogma.
2915:
2212:
2152:
897:
in 1894. "For in the Rosary all the part that Mary took as our co-Redemptress comes to us..." In his 1946 publication
251:
2436:
645:
2522:
2483:
1232:
697:
681:
673:
660:
650:
2678:
2605:
2245:
2096:
1259:
1128:
773:
612:
408:
2560:
2431:
2404:
2343:
1255:
1221:
1142:
983:
655:
562:
552:
393:
388:
99:
1797:
118:
The concept of Mary offering Christ's sufferings is theologically complex. Christ offered himself alone; âthe
1112:
2764:
2574:
2555:
2365:
2353:
2331:
1992:
1862:
Pope Francis on Wednesday said that Jesus entrusted the Virgin Mary to us as a Mother, "not as co-redeemer."
1164:
1022:
987:
886:
335:
59:
2641:
2600:
2590:
2419:
2321:
2290:
2207:
1549:
1299:
1062:
979:
970:
729:
714:
189:
127:
119:
95:
86:
1421:
Gateway to Heaven: Marian Doctrine and Devotion, Image and Typology in the Patristic and Medieval Periods
2712:
2295:
2270:
2238:
2192:
2167:
2112:
1890:"Notification regarding the alleged apparitions and revelations of Our Lady of All Nations in Amsterdam"
1767:
1361:
1266:
1116:
941:
704:
522:
500:
436:
303:
151:
39:
1874:
Brockhaus, Hannah. "Pope Francis: Reflect on the seven sorrows of Mary, our Mother", CNA, April 3, 2020
912:
The title tends to be most popular among conservative Catholics. Modern proponents see some support in
692:
2816:
2285:
2202:
2089:
1848:
1418:
805:
592:
383:
185:
2688:
2646:
2595:
719:
567:
510:
428:
403:
398:
35:
2888:
130:
to prepare to offer oneself with Christ as a part of the Eucharistic Prayer, being members of his
2849:
2826:
2786:
2565:
2409:
2338:
1643:
1163:
Arguments opposed are that such a dogma might subtract from the redemptive role of Jesus Christ.
833:
781:
259:
181:
885:
A number of theologians have discussed the concept over the years, from the 19th-century Father
1033:. The visionary reported that the Lady of the apparition repeatedly instructed her to petition
2770:
2668:
2512:
2478:
2260:
2250:
2157:
1679:
1425:
1280:
1251:
1236:
1082:
1037:
to dogmatically define Mary's spiritual motherhood under the threefold title of Coredemptrix,
902:
749:
490:
485:
470:
103:
2070:
Smith, Harrison, "René Laurentin, Catholic scholar who studied visions of Mary, dies at 99",
1785:
1001:
was renamed to the Congregation of the Mother of the Redeemer upon the recommendation of the
106:
suggested that the Marian title caused confusion and did not sufficiently reflect scripture.
2727:
2683:
2636:
2500:
2312:
2280:
2197:
2183:
1963:
1763:
1707:
1635:
1406:
1357:
917:
890:
789:
724:
572:
454:
330:
315:
310:
2373:
2348:
2275:
879:
617:
602:
441:
413:
264:
78:
1786:"Co-Redemptrix as Dogma?", International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton
242:
2610:
2537:
1620:
1198:
1124:
1120:
1070:
930:
627:
418:
363:
320:
224:
131:
31:
2909:
2893:
2802:
2759:
2737:
2695:
2673:
2454:
1647:
1553:
1494:
1133:
1105:
1034:
974:
966:
946:
894:
734:
325:
156:
90:
1621:"Sacrifice Unveiled or Sacrifice Revisited: Trinitarian and Liturgical Perspectives"
54:, which is a separate concept but regularly included by Catholics who use the title
2656:
2651:
2545:
2233:
2128:
1800:(Press release). Thủ Äức: Congregation of the Mother of the Redeemer. April 7, 2017
1749:
San MartĂn, InĂ©s. "Pope calls idea of declaring Mary co-redemptrix âfoolishnessâ",
1228:
906:
709:
475:
458:
208:
107:
1957:
1450:
2821:
2120:
1997:
1180:
usually requires some explanation in modern English because so often the prefix
1087:
1030:
994:, but recent high-level comments in the church have not encouraged these hopes.
951:
875:
871:
173:
161:
82:
74:
70:
1917:
1639:
1337:
828:
150:(Mary's merit), founded on the friendship of charity. In his encyclical on the
2833:
2707:
2146:
495:
1265:
In December 2019, at a Mass in St. Peter's Basilica celebrating the feast of
2663:
2615:
2570:
2495:
2426:
2387:
2302:
1843:"Pope Francis: Jesus entrusted Mary to us as a Mother, 'not as co-redeemer'"
1513:
Catholic Books and Media | Pauline Books & Media | Daughters of St. Paul
1217:
1210:
1038:
1026:
901:, Roschini explained that Mary did not only participate in the birth of the
765:
480:
378:
370:
177:
123:
51:
1665:"ZENIT - Why It's Not the Right Time for a Dogma on Mary as Co-redemptrix"
2776:
2717:
1489:
1220:
for a better understanding of the role of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the
1206:
1092:
1046:
1042:
505:
220:
2081:
1148:
If Paul could fill up what was behind, so could the Blessed Virgin Mary
2631:
2585:
2580:
2140:
1240:
982:, which chapter many theologians hold to be a comprehensive summary of
465:
98:, which chapter many theologians hold to be a comprehensive summary of
2722:
1902:
Otto Hermann Pesch Das Zweite Vatikanische Konzil, Echter, 1993, 194.
1205:, where a commission was established in response to a request of the
1202:
1127:. When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple standing
1045:. The apparitions have the approval of the diocesan ordinary, Bishop
557:
1321:
Church Teaching on Mary's Co-Operation in the Redemption of Mankind
122:
did not need any assistance.â It is according to the spirit of the
2225:
2134:
1798:"Changing the name of our Congregation of the Mother Coredemptrix"
1091:. Salvatore Perrella of the Pontifical Theological Faculty of the
958:, in the language of theologians, what Jesus Christ merits for us
936:. Therefore, one can say, she redeemed with Christ the human race.
168:, in the language of theologians, what Jesus Christ merits for us
138:
participates in the Eucharistic Celebration as an icon of Christ.
192:" of Mary, a concept that is in itself in need of clarification.
1570:"Propitiation or Expiation? Did Christ "Change God's Attitude?""
1005:, due to the "theological ambiguity" of the title Coredemptrix.
969:'s veto. The term was not used in the concluding chapter of the
2085:
1821:"Once again, Pope Francis says Mary is not the 'co-redemptrix'"
1382:"Once again, Pope Francis says Mary is not the 'co-redemptrix'"
925:
mankind, she gave up her rights as the mother of her son and,
1243:
and giving primacy to Christ." In his 1994 Apostolic letter,
85:
though it is not included in the concluding chapter of the
1724:
Iucunda Semper Expectatione (September 8, 1894) | LEO XIII
1888:
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1974-06-27).
1172:
Lady co-operated with Him in the redemption of the world.
905:
Jesus, but, with conception, she entered with him into a
2023:
Father Salvatore Perrella, The Message, 1997-09-05, p.5.
2011:
Joaquin Navarro-Valls, Catholic Herald, 1997-08-22, p.7.
990:, have petitioned for a dogmatic definition, along with
62:, have petitioned for a dogmatic definition, along with
146:(Christ's merit), which is based on justice, and merit
110:
has repeatedly suggested the title should not be used.
1667:. 2008-09-28. Archived from the original on 2008-09-28
1061:
The possibility of such a dogma was brought up at the
2842:
2795:
2745:
2736:
2624:
2536:
2467:
2447:
2395:
2386:
2364:
2311:
2223:
2182:
2175:
2119:
2046:, §4, November 10, 1994, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
1478:, §14, February 2, 1904, Libreria Editrice Vaticana
1334:"News Report on the Mediatrix Petition to the Pope"
2058:God and the World: A Conversion with Peter Seewald
1216:Another argument is that it would also complicate
1595:"Sacrifice: the Way to Enter the Paschal Mystery"
1273:that three terms came to mind, woman, mother and
1269:, Pope Francis said in referring to a picture of
1684:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1375:
1373:
223:referred to Mary as the cause of our salvation (
1556:62, citing St. Ambrose, Epist. 63: PL 16, 1218.
1169:
2060:. Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 2002, p. 306
1959:The foot of the Cross; or, The sorrows of Mary
1409:, De inst. virg. 7, cited from Ott, Dogmatics.
1108:is commonly cited in favour of this teaching:
1003:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
870:The concept was especially common in the late
69:The concept was especially common in the late
2097:
851:
8:
2019:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1017:There have been efforts to propose a formal
986:. Some, in particular the adherents of the
219:As early as the year 200, the Church Father
188:that the entirety of them come through the "
1912:
1910:
1908:
58:. Some, in particular the adherents of the
2742:
2471:
2392:
2179:
2104:
2090:
2082:
1918:"Mary's cooperation in work of Redemption"
1296:, Mercier Press Ltd., Cork, Ireland, 1955.
1115:: "Now there stood by the cross of Jesus,
1055:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
858:
844:
237:
2528:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
1781:
1779:
1659:
1657:
889:, to the 20th-century Mariologist Father
874:, when it was promoted heavily among the
73:, when it was promoted heavily among the
1445:RealityâA Synthesis Of Thomistic Thought
1419:Reynolds, Brian K. and Reynolds, Brian.
1734:Schmaus, Mariologie, MĂŒnchen, 1955, 328
1509:"Why Catholics Ask Mary's Intercession"
1312:
1079:Mary: Coredemptrix, Mediatrix, Advocate
999:Congregation of the Mother Coredemptrix
258:
126:or preparation of the gifts within the
1883:
1881:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1677:
893:. The term Co-Redemptress was used by
1979:
1962:. Thomas Richardson and Son. p.
1564:
1562:
1443:"Garrigou-Lagrange, O. P., Reginald.
1075:Franciscan University of Steubenville
45:According to those who use the term,
7:
1469:
1467:
1081:launched a popular petition to urge
682:Approved, with widespread liturgical
1892:. L'Osservatore Romano. p. 12.
1188:This concern is shared by Perrella.
684:veneration endorsed by the Holy See
38:, and refers to Mary's role in the
2032:L'Osservatore Romano, January 1996
1819:MartĂn, InĂ©s San (24 March 2021).
14:
1956:Faber, Frederick William (1858).
934:as far as she was permitted to do
916:, a 1918 commemorative letter of
16:Title for the Blessed Virgin Mary
2887:
2876:
2875:
2166:
1424:, Vol. 1, New City Press, 2012,
929:, offered Christ's sacrifice to
827:
518:
517:
271:
241:
178:the effect comes after the cause
2921:Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus
1619:Daly, SJ, Robert (March 2003).
1176:Faber recognized that the term
34:used by some Catholics for the
2855:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
2276:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
2271:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
1294:Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma
598:Congregation of Marian Fathers
346:Consecrations and entrustments
1:
1085:to declare Mary Coredemptrix
288:
1996:, Weekly Edition in English
1302:, referenced as AAS by year.
1227:By 1998 it was doubtful the
1013:Proposed dogmatic definition
878:, and often resisted by the
608:Marianists (Society of Mary)
77:, and often resisted by the
30:is an equivalent term) is a
2056:Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger,
1323:Retrieved March 26th, 2020.
1119:, and his mother's sister,
172:." It is uncertain whether
2937:
2044:Tertio Milennio Adveniente
1640:10.1177/004056390306400130
1245:Tertio Milennio Adveniente
661:Queen of Angels Foundation
651:Marian Movement of Priests
633:World Apostolate of FĂĄtima
603:Company of Mary (Montfort)
195:Proponents view the title
2871:
2474:
2322:Bilocation to Saint James
2164:
1224:mystery of Jesus Christ.
940:In his encyclical on the
409:Our Lady, Star of the Sea
284:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
200:Mary is described as the
180:. Where it concerns post-
40:redemption of all peoples
2374:Protoevangelium of James
1945:, November 21, 1964, §61
1552:, dogmatic constitution
1260:Letter to the Colossians
984:Roman Catholic Mariology
656:Fatima Family Apostolate
646:Our Lady's Rosary Makers
563:Seven Joys of the Virgin
394:Our Lady of Mount Carmel
389:Our Lady of Good Counsel
100:Roman Catholic Mariology
2765:Golden Madonna of Essen
2354:Woman of the Apocalypse
1256:Letter to the Ephesians
1165:Frederick William Faber
1077:and author of the book
1023:The Lady of All Nations
887:Frederick William Faber
698:Three Secrets of FĂĄtima
586:Movements and societies
2642:Alma Redemptoris Mater
2591:Our Lady of Navigators
1712:Compendium Mariologiae
1550:Second Vatican Council
1300:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1195:
1174:
1063:Second Vatican Council
1053:. This came after the
997:On April 7, 2017, the
980:Second Vatican Council
971:apostolic constitution
938:
899:Compendium Mariologiae
834:Catholicism portal
228:
96:Second Vatican Council
87:apostolic constitution
2827:Theotokos of Vladimir
2256:Presentation of Jesus
2193:Immaculate Conception
2113:Mary, mother of Jesus
1998:25 June 1997, page 10
1267:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1190:
1025:to Ida Peerdeman, in
942:Immaculate Conception
922:
814:Immaculate Conception
750:Key Marian feast days
568:Seven Sorrows of Mary
501:Mary, Mother of Grace
279:Immaculate Conception
152:Immaculate Conception
2074:, September 18, 2017
1993:L'Osservatore Romano
1849:Catholic News Agency
1447:, CH37: "Mariology""
1233:Vatican congregation
920:to a Roman sodality:
641:Mariological Society
623:Schoenstatt Movement
593:Sodality of Our Lady
548:Consecration to Mary
537:Devotional practices
384:Mother of the Church
331:Devotional practices
114:Doctrine and context
2809:Madonna del Rosario
2713:Maria mater gratiae
2689:Sub tuum praesidium
2647:Ave Regina caelorum
2601:Our Lady of Victory
2596:Our Lady of Sorrows
2239:Virginal motherhood
2213:Perpetual virginity
2072:The Washington Post
2042:Pope John Paul II.
1753:, December 13, 2019
1628:Theological Studies
1319:Most, Fr. William.
1069:In the early 1990s
1047:Jozef Marianus Punt
511:Sub tuum praesidium
432:(Refuge of Sinners)
430:Refugium Peccatorum
404:Our Lady of Victory
399:Our Lady of Sorrows
36:Blessed Virgin Mary
2916:Catholic Mariology
2850:Life of the Virgin
2566:Life-giving Spring
2556:Help of Christians
2266:Return to Nazareth
2208:Marriage to Joseph
1380:San MartĂn, InĂ©s.
1218:ecumenical efforts
1159:Opposing arguments
543:Acts of Reparation
148:proprie de congruo
2903:
2902:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2771:The Golden Virgin
2491:Catholic churches
2463:
2462:
2382:
2381:
2261:Flight into Egypt
2251:Nativity of Jesus
2158:Brothers of Jesus
1540:Ott Dogmatics 256
1367:, AAS 1918, 181.
1252:Pope Benedict XVI
1237:Pope John Paul II
1083:Pope John Paul II
1051:Haarlem-Amsterdam
988:Amsterdam visions
868:
867:
687:
491:Immaculata prayer
486:Hail Mary of Gold
120:Passion of Christ
104:Pope Benedict XVI
102:. As a Cardinal,
60:Amsterdam visions
2928:
2891:
2879:
2878:
2743:
2728:Three Hail Marys
2684:Ave maris stella
2561:Immaculate Heart
2472:
2393:
2281:Passion of Jesus
2180:
2170:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1953:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1774:
1768:Apostolic Letter
1764:Pope Benedict XV
1761:
1755:
1746:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1708:Gabriel Roschini
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1625:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:America Magazine
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1499:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1449:. Archived from
1439:
1433:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1368:
1362:Apostolic Letter
1358:Pope Benedict XV
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1336:. Archived from
1330:
1324:
1317:
1121:Mary of Cleophas
1100:Scriptural basis
918:Pope Benedict XV
891:Gabriel Roschini
860:
853:
846:
832:
831:
817:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
725:Miraculous Medal
680:
573:Three Hail Marys
521:
520:
295:
293:
290:
275:
245:
238:
184:graces, it is a
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2859:
2838:
2791:
2782:Queen of Heaven
2732:
2620:
2606:Star of the Sea
2532:
2459:
2443:
2378:
2360:
2307:
2219:
2171:
2162:
2115:
2110:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1968:co-redemptress.
1955:
1954:
1950:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1855:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1773:, AAS 1918, 181
1771:Inter soldalica
1762:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1365:Inter soldalica
1356:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1289:
1161:
1143:Colossians 1:24
1102:
1015:
864:
826:
821:
820:
812:
804:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
752:
742:
741:
683:
676:
666:
665:
618:Marist Brothers
588:
578:
577:
553:First Saturdays
538:
530:
529:
461:
447:
446:
442:Virgin of Mercy
437:Untier of Knots
424:Queen of Poland
414:Queen of Heaven
374:(Mother of God)
366:
356:
355:
306:
296:
291:
286:
265:Catholic Church
262:
235:("let it be").
217:
116:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2669:FĂĄtima prayers
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:Seat of Wisdom
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2230:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2062:
2049:
2034:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1984:
1982:, p. 448.
1972:
1948:
1941:Pope Paul VI,
1933:
1904:
1895:
1877:
1866:
1852:. Mar 24, 2021
1834:
1823:. Angelus News
1811:
1789:
1775:
1756:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1700:
1691:
1653:
1611:
1586:
1558:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1500:
1481:
1463:
1434:
1411:
1398:
1369:
1350:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1281:René Laurentin
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1138:
1101:
1098:
1071:Mark Miravalle
1014:
1011:
931:God the Father
914:Inter sodalica
866:
865:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
837:
836:
823:
822:
819:
818:
810:
802:
800:(12 September)
794:
786:
778:
770:
762:
753:
748:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
701:
700:
689:
688:
677:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
630:
628:Legion of Mary
625:
620:
615:
613:Marist Fathers
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
471:FĂĄtima prayers
468:
462:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
439:
434:
426:
421:
419:Queen of Peace
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
367:
364:Titles of Mary
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
302:
301:
298:
297:
276:
268:
267:
256:
255:
247:
246:
216:
213:
211:or expiatory.
115:
112:
28:Co-Redemptress
22:(also spelled
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2933:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2895:
2894:Saints Portal
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:Agiosoritissa
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Black Madonna
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:of all graces
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Lumen Gentium
1937:
1934:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:Lumen gentium
1551:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1495:Octobri mense
1492:, encyclical
1491:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Ad diem illum
1474:Pope Pius X.
1470:
1468:
1464:
1453:on 2017-03-31
1452:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:9781565484498
1427:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1340:on 2008-09-17
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:Co-Redemptrix
1173:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:Lumen gentium
1130:
1129:whom he loved
1126:
1125:Mary Magdalen
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:John 19:25â27
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:New Testament
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Pope Pius XII
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:dogmatization
1012:
1010:
1009:not double."
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
975:Lumen gentium
972:
968:
967:Pope Pius XII
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
947:Ad diem illum
943:
937:
935:
932:
928:
921:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Pope Leo XIII
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
839:
838:
835:
830:
825:
824:
815:
811:
808:(21 November)
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:(8 September)
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Mother of God
755:
754:
751:
746:
745:
736:
735:Dowry of Mary
733:
732:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
690:
685:
679:
678:
675:
670:
669:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
587:
582:
581:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
534:
533:
526:
525:
516:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
460:
456:
451:
450:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
431:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
373:
369:
368:
365:
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Hymns to Mary
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
305:
300:
299:
285:
281:
280:
274:
270:
269:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
244:
240:
239:
236:
234:
230:
229:causa salutis
226:
222:
214:
212:
210:
205:
203:
198:
197:Co-Redemptrix
193:
191:
187:
186:pious opinion
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
157:Ad diem illum
153:
149:
145:
139:
137:
133:
132:mystical body
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:
91:Lumen gentium
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
56:Co-Redemptrix
53:
48:
47:Co-Redemptrix
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:Co-Redemptrix
2892:
2880:
2807:
2787:Stabat Mater
2769:
2657:Regina caeli
2652:Salve Regina
2551:Coredemptrix
2550:
2546:Christotokos
2506:month of May
2315:: later life
2296:Resurrection
2234:Annunciation
2203:Presentation
2186:: early life
2071:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2028:
1991:
1987:
1975:
1967:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1925:. Retrieved
1922:www.ewtn.com
1921:
1898:
1869:
1861:
1854:. Retrieved
1846:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1792:
1770:
1759:
1750:
1730:
1719:
1714:, Roma 1946.
1711:
1703:
1694:
1669:. Retrieved
1631:
1627:
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1601:. 2003-05-12
1598:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1576:. 2011-06-22
1574:katachriston
1573:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:the original
1444:
1437:
1420:
1414:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1364:
1353:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1328:
1315:
1293:
1292:Ludwig Ott,
1279:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1249:
1244:
1226:
1215:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1149:
1132:
1103:
1086:
1078:
1068:
1060:
1016:
1007:
996:
991:
973:
964:
959:
955:
945:
939:
933:
926:
923:
913:
911:
898:
884:
869:
816:(8 December)
806:Presentation
774:Annunciation
768:(2 February)
524:Marian hymns
523:
476:Flos Carmeli
429:
371:
277:
232:
231:) given her
218:
209:propitiatory
206:
201:
196:
194:
190:intercession
169:
165:
155:
147:
143:
140:
117:
108:Pope Francis
89:
68:
63:
55:
46:
44:
27:
24:Coredemptrix
23:
19:
18:
2817:Derzhavnaya
2479:Apparitions
2286:Crucifixion
1271:La Morenita
1199:CzÄstochowa
1088:ex cathedra
1031:Netherlands
960:de condigno
952:Pope Pius X
876:Franciscans
872:Middle Ages
784:(15 August)
760:(1 January)
674:Apparitions
636:(Blue Army)
292: 1675
170:de condigno
162:Pope Pius X
144:de condigno
83:Magisterium
75:Franciscans
71:Middle Ages
2910:Categories
2834:Hodegetria
2755:Assumption
2708:Magnificat
2513:Feast days
2468:Veneration
2432:Protestant
2366:Apocryphal
2344:Coronation
2339:Assumption
2291:Deposition
2246:Visitation
1980:Faber 1858
1927:2017-07-08
1671:2017-07-08
1605:2017-07-08
1580:2017-07-08
1518:2017-07-08
1457:2018-10-08
1344:2008-05-30
1287:References
1241:Triune God
1150:a fortiori
1117:his mother
956:de congruo
927:in a sense
880:Dominicans
782:Assumption
776:(25 March)
730:Walsingham
715:La Salette
496:Magnificat
351:Veneration
182:Assumption
166:de congruo
79:Dominicans
2664:Ave Maria
2637:Antiphons
2616:Theotokos
2571:Mediatrix
2518:Patronage
2501:Devotions
2496:Christmas
2397:Christian
2388:Mariology
2349:Queenship
2327:Dormition
2313:Tradition
2303:Pentecost
2184:Tradition
2153:Elizabeth
2131:(husband)
1804:August 7,
1648:170816180
1634:: 24â42.
1222:salvation
1211:Mediatrix
1039:Mediatrix
1027:Amsterdam
992:Mediatrix
907:spiritual
798:Holy Name
766:Candlemas
705:Guadalupe
481:Hail Mary
379:Mediatrix
372:Theotokos
341:Societies
316:Antiphons
260:Mariology
202:mediatrix
124:offertory
64:Mediatrix
52:Mediatrix
2882:Category
2718:Memorare
2679:Akathist
2437:Lutheran
2427:Orthodox
2410:Catholic
2405:Anglican
2149:(mother)
2143:(father)
1680:cite web
1531:1Tim 2,5
1490:Leo XIII
1432:, p. 107
1391:25 March
1386:Crux Now
1258:and the
1207:Holy See
1093:Marianum
1043:Advocate
903:physical
790:Nativity
506:Memorare
304:Overview
252:a series
250:Part of
221:Irenaeus
2843:Related
2632:Angelus
2625:Prayers
2586:Panagia
2581:New Eve
2523:Shrines
2455:Islamic
2415:history
2224:In the
2141:Joachim
1856:Mar 24,
1698:Ott 256
1407:Ambrose
1275:mestiza
1229:Vatican
1073:of the
978:of the
720:Lourdes
466:Angelus
455:Prayers
311:Prayers
263:of the
215:History
94:of the
2822:Eleusa
2723:Rosary
2701:Loreto
2696:Litany
2538:Titles
2129:Joseph
2121:Family
1827:10 May
1646:
1428:
1203:Poland
1167:says,
1123:, and
1041:, and
693:FĂĄtima
558:Rosary
336:Saints
321:Titles
254:on the
174:Pius X
142:merit
136:priest
2777:PietĂ
2674:Hymns
2448:Other
2420:papal
2226:Bible
2198:Birth
2137:(son)
2135:Jesus
1847:CNA:
1644:S2CID
1624:(PDF)
1307:Notes
710:Knock
459:hymns
225:Latin
32:title
2796:East
2747:West
2484:list
2332:Tomb
2176:Life
2147:Anne
1858:2021
1829:2024
1806:2017
1751:Crux
1686:link
1426:ISBN
1405:St.
1393:2021
1104:The
962:."
457:and
233:fiat
128:Mass
2738:Art
1964:448
1636:doi
1182:co-
1049:of
282:by
42:.
2912::
2016:^
2004:^
1966:.
1920:.
1907:^
1880:^
1860:.
1845:.
1778:^
1766:,
1739:^
1710:,
1682:}}
1678:{{
1656:^
1642:.
1632:64
1630:.
1626:.
1597:.
1572:.
1561:^
1511:.
1466:^
1384:.
1372:^
1360:,
1201:,
1029:,
950:,
944:,
289:c.
227::
160:,
154:,
66:.
26:;
2577:)
2573:(
2105:e
2098:t
2091:v
1930:.
1831:.
1808:.
1688:)
1674:.
1650:.
1638::
1608:.
1583:.
1521:.
1460:.
1395:.
1347:.
859:e
852:t
845:v
686::
294:)
287:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.