184:. In South America, coca paste, also known as cocaine base and, therefore, often confused with cocaine sulfate in North America, is relatively inexpensive and is widely used by low-income populations. The coca paste is smoked in tobacco or cannabis cigarettes and use has become widespread in several Latin American countries. Traditionally, coca paste has been relatively abundant in South American countries such as Colombia where it is processed into
283:, or safe injection sites, its "current levels of progress are not comparable with those of countries that have invested greater resources in the implementation of such schemes", per UNODOC. CAMAD has been criticised by a Colombian non-governmental organisation called "Technical Social Action" (ATS) for not doing enough, and also by "right-leaning politicians and the public for negotiating terms with the criminal gangs that control areas".
337:, is ideal for its "advanced chemical industry, porous border with Bolivia and a notoriously corrupt police force." Eventually, this prompted traffickers to sell their byproduct to locals. The use underscores a significant shift in both Argentina and its larger neighbour Brazil, both of which in just a few years have become sizable cocaine consumers. Brazil now ranks as the second largest total consumer of cocaine in the world after the
49:
523:(calcium oxide). This description may be a garbled account of an acid-base extraction procedure. Its popularity has soared in the last decade, in part due to its strongly addictive effect and lower price than other common drugs. While in the 1980s it could be found mainly in the Amazon region, the police in major Brazilian cities have recently reported significant drug arrests.
243:. Basuco is derived from the Spanish word for trash (basura), literally meaning "dirty trash" (of cocaine), referring to the paste left at the bottom of a barrel after cocaine production. Basuco is mostly smoked, either rolled like a cigarette with tobacco or cannabis, or more commonly from selfmade pipes. These are often improvised from
188:("street cocaine") for distribution to the rest of the world. The caustic reactions associated with the local application of coca paste prevents its use by oral, intranasal, mucosal, intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous routes. Coca paste can only be smoked when combined with a combustible material such as tobacco or cannabis.
266:
Since
September 2012, a "Mobile Centre for Attention to Drug Addicts" (CAMAD) has been providing basic human services with an interdisciplinary team moving by bus in Bogota's worst affected neighbourhoods and working in a prison. Three hospitals participate with walk-in treatment, amongst them the
196:
Coca paste use began in
Bolivia and Peru in the early 1970s, first in the capital cities and then in other towns and rural areas. In a few years its use had spread to Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and some Mexican cities near the border with the United States.
247:
so users will inhale toxic plastic components. Basuco is very addictive and said to be "more potent than the crack cocaine found across
European and American cities". Basuco users may take other psychoactive agents, like industrial alcohol and
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Crude cocaine preparation intermediates are marketed as cheaper alternatives to pure cocaine to local markets while the more expensive end product is exported to United States and
European markets.
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279:, established CAMAD before finishing his second term as mayor in October 2015, and the future of the program is uncertain. Since CAMAD cannot offer services such as HIV testing,
220:
are quite severe. Media usually report that it is extremely toxic and addictive. According to a study by
Intercambios, media appear to exaggerate the effects of
941:
652:
693:
Phillips, Katharine; Adriana Luk; Gursharan S. Soor; Jonathan R. Abraham; Shaun Leong; Dr
Jagdish Butany (June 2009). "Cocaine Cardiotoxicity".
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573:, NIDA Research Monograph, vol. 61, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, pp. 204–222, archived from
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Jeri, FR (1984). "Coca-paste smoking in some Latin
American countries: a severe and unabated form of addiction".
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564:(1985), "New Patterns of Cocaine Use: Changing Doses and Routes", in Nicholas J. Kozel; Edgar H. Adams (eds.),
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In
Argentina, cocaine paste was sold for about 30 cents per dose in 2006, enough for a powerful two-minute
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Paco is cheap. It usually goes for about 30 cents a dose, enough for a powerful two-minute high.
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in
Argentina increased by 200%, with more than 150,000 young people taking it regularly.
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alone; the drug's illicitness and accompanying homelessness prohibit an accurate count.
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paste preparations can be smoked. The psychological and physiological effects of the
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Paco Under
Scrutiny: The cocaine base paste market in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil
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forced traffickers to move to Argentina to produce cocaine which, according to the
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204:. However, its price has increased because of higher demand, among other reasons.
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The 10p cocaine by-product turning Argentina's slum children into the living dead
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942:"Alarming Rise of 'L'Poufa': Crack Epidemic Sweeping Through Moroccan Youth"
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224:. These stereotypes create a sense that nothing can be done to help a
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in Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. Between 2001 and 2005, the use of
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796:"Cocaine's lethal leftovers take violent grip on slum children"
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Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives
829:"DRUGS-ARGENTINA: 'Pasta Base' Destructive but Not Invincible"
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along with companion coca alkaloids and varying quantities of
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addict and thus stand in the way of rehabilitation programs.
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Oxi: New Drug Terrifies Brazil | The Rio Times I Brazil News
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forest region. It is reportedly a mixture of cocaine paste,
957:. Riotimesonline.com (2011-04-26). Retrieved 2011-10-10.
623:"A new scourge sweeps through Argentine ghettos: 'paco'"
507:
drug based on cocaine paste originally developed in the
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to manage the drug effects, the high and the paranoia.
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A new scourge sweeps through Argentine ghettos: 'paco'
259:(UNODC) in Colombia there were 4,644 basuco users in
1028:
Lost in an abyss of Drugs, and entangled by poverty
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
831:. Ipsnews.net. 9 December 2006. Archived from
294:Cocaine paste is very popular through several
995:Inside Brazil's toxic drug culture – Features
659:(in Spanish). 31 October 2007. Archived from
239:Basuco is the term used for cocaine paste in
8:
604:Adverse health consequences of cocaine abuse
36:"Oxi" redirects here. For other uses, see
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854:
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133:Learn how and when to remove this message
861:Joe Parkin Daniels (12 September 2015).
734:
732:
695:American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs
916:"Drugs scourge takes hold in Argentina"
741:"Argentina confronts plague named Paco"
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739:Mcdonnell, Patrick J. (25 May 2007).
7:
71:adding citations to reliable sources
997:. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
768:Christine Legrand (26 March 2009).
596:
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863:"Bogotá tackles basuco addiction"
343:United States Department of State
290:in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay
267:public Hospital Centro Oriente.
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1036:The Observer, February 21, 2010
794:Navai, Ramita (28 April 2008).
58:needs additional citations for
33:Crude extract of the coca leaf
1:
1030:New York Times, July 30, 2009
967:Phillips, Tom (30 May 2011).
879:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00189-0
628:The Christian Science Monitor
621:Hearn, Kelly (5 April 2006).
257:UN Office on Drugs and Crime
164:) is a crude extract of the
610:, World Health Organization
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653:"El nuevo precio del paco"
168:which contains 40% to 91%
35:
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1024:Christian Science Monitor
391:CocaĂna de los pobres (
325:In 2007, crackdowns in
208:Preparation and effects
419:Palo Rosa (Mixed with
310:and is referred to as
815:registration required
676:Bulletin on Narcotics
601:A. Arif, ed. (1987),
277:President of Colombia
186:cocaine hydrochloride
298:countries including
67:improve this article
38:OXI (disambiguation)
1015:2 June 2010 at the
873:(9998): 1027–1028.
835:on 13 February 2009
663:on 2 November 2007.
707:10.1007/bf03256574
436:withdrawal symptom
393:poor man's cocaine
18:Cocaine base paste
745:Los Angeles Times
657:ar.news.yahoo.com
580:on 9 October 2016
482:L'boufa / L'poufa
335:Los Angeles Times
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29:Black cocaine
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1055:Adulteration
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65:Please help
60:verification
57:
774:Le Monde.fr
634:10 December
349:Slang terms
1044:Categories
549:References
496:Portuguese
445:Marciano (
414:Paste user
407:Base Paste
384:Angustia (
374:Pasta Base
341:, per the
316:pasta base
235:, Colombia
146:Coca paste
93:newspapers
27:See also:
800:The Times
521:quicklime
505:stimulant
451:marijuana
412:Pastero (
354:Argentina
300:Argentina
166:coca leaf
123:July 2023
1013:Archived
926:30 April
920:BBC News
887:26382982
802:. London
723:70385136
715:19463023
527:See also
517:kerosene
513:gasoline
255:Per the
241:Colombia
182:kerosene
178:methanol
1050:Cocaine
895:5224411
839:5 April
806:5 April
779:5 April
750:5 April
584:9 April
503:) is a
500:oxidado
477:Morocco
447:Martian
440:tobacco
434:, also
398:Pasta (
386:anguish
331:Bolivia
308:Uruguay
192:History
107:scholar
980:31 May
893:
885:
867:Lancet
721:
713:
469:Boccia
432:Monkey
430:Mono (
421:heroin
362:Basoco
304:Brazil
261:Bogotá
233:Basuco
180:, and
154:basuco
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
891:S2CID
719:S2CID
608:(PDF)
578:(PDF)
571:(PDF)
472:Cruda
458:Italy
425:opium
400:Paste
379:Chile
162:pasta
114:JSTOR
100:books
982:2011
928:2010
902:2015
883:PMID
841:2009
808:2009
781:2009
752:2009
711:PMID
682:(2).
636:2020
586:2016
519:and
466:Base
371:Tubo
368:Base
365:Pico
359:Paco
329:and
327:Peru
320:paco
312:paco
306:and
288:Paco
250:MDMA
226:paco
222:paco
218:paco
202:high
150:paco
86:news
875:doi
871:386
703:doi
492:Oxi
487:Oxi
423:or
314:or
245:PVC
158:oxi
69:by
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