299:
125:
2032:
166:
Similarities among the cultures among the indigenous people and the physical setting of south Texas led linguists to believe that the languages of the region were also similar. The
Coahuiltecan language family was proposed to include all the languages of the region, including
245:. In 1690, the population of Indians in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas may have been 100,000. The Coahuiltecans were sold into slavery, died of introduced European diseases, and were absorbed by the surrounding Hispanic population.
236:
in the 18th century. Almost certainly, many more languages were spoken, but numerous
Coahuiltecan bands and ethnic groups became extinct between the 16th and 19th century and their languages were unrecorded. In 1886, ethnologist
252:
with
Comecrudo, Mamulique, and Garza as related and Coahuilteco and Cotoname possibly related. Comecrudo and Cotoname are the best known of the languages. They were spoken in the delta of the
2020:
1522:
548:
158:
of southern Texas and adjacent Mexico spoke a single or related languages. Coahuiltecan continues to be a convenient collective term for the languages and people of this region.
539:
1532:
1428:
2013:
478:
2520:
1527:
194:
Most modern linguists, by contrast, see the
Coahuiltecan region as one of linguistic diversity. A few words are known from seven different languages:
2525:
2478:
1570:
2006:
1998:
2530:
532:
552:
2055:
2075:
241:
found perhaps the last surviving speakers of
Coahuiltecan languages : 25 Comecrudo, 1 Cotoname, and 2 Pakawa. They were living near
2515:
2060:
2044:
1401:
1481:
525:
453:
445:
136:
of
Indians of Coahuiltecan culture in Texas, although most authorities would not include the Karankawa and Tonkawa as Coahuiltecan.
2493:
of
Indigenous tribe / people absorbed into other tribe(s) / headquartered in Oklahoma today
1537:
229:
931:
2510:
2036:
900:
2436:
1563:
1249:
1486:
267:
The
Coahuiltecan languages and cultures are now extinct. The names of many bands have been preserved, including the
1695:
1679:
867:
479:
Reassessing
Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas – Chapter 8: Linguistics
1603:
151:
1347:
575:
1942:
1881:
1556:
1496:
1329:
992:
517:
1901:
2139:
1690:
1685:
1323:
1281:
1056:
774:
498:
2065:
1895:
1798:
1668:
1663:
1628:
1491:
1437:
1356:
1334:
975:
857:
489:
257:
1389:
1382:
2426:
2129:
1889:
1842:
1316:
1164:
730:
696:
249:
195:
84:
20:
2411:
2366:
2316:
2351:
2341:
1931:
1714:
1501:
1340:
1298:
1238:
1217:
1011:
947:
890:
838:
823:
796:
764:
580:
155:
2381:
2356:
2490:
2396:
2321:
2134:
1918:
1870:
1856:
1811:
1610:
1412:
1368:
1292:
1192:
1178:
1108:
998:
814:
758:
751:
662:
646:
233:
211:
168:
147:
104:
635:
302:
Colonial era religious text is
Coahuitlecan and Spanish from the first half of the 18th century
298:
2401:
2391:
2119:
2109:
1849:
1833:
1804:
1767:
1746:
1644:
1637:
1596:
1587:
1476:
1418:
1171:
1154:
1129:
1115:
970:
833:
828:
790:
673:
471:
449:
441:
2421:
2406:
2371:
2361:
2331:
2189:
2149:
2144:
2094:
2089:
2084:
1956:
1925:
1819:
1777:
1736:
1673:
1655:
1506:
1451:
1444:
1362:
1303:
1231:
1224:
1143:
1101:
1066:
1024:
1005:
980:
941:
920:
914:
877:
784:
682:
628:
621:
614:
593:
261:
203:
172:
94:
55:
2176:
124:
2280:
2124:
1793:
1772:
1720:
1705:
1617:
1579:
1309:
1266:
1259:
1136:
1122:
1072:
986:
961:
884:
850:
844:
741:
707:
607:
569:
288:
242:
238:
207:
188:
176:
99:
71:
65:
466:
2456:
2444:
2195:
2114:
2099:
1989:
1967:
1950:
1863:
1751:
1375:
1207:
1185:
1038:
1017:
909:
803:
723:
716:
655:
600:
215:
109:
2504:
2440:
2416:
2376:
2335:
2297:
2204:
1973:
1962:
1741:
1079:
1045:
1031:
689:
586:
264:, with insufficient data to establish relationships between and among the languages.
224:
334:
Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capitstrano
2285:
2270:
2222:
2185:
1936:
421:
Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano
2452:
2238:
2171:
423:, Texas. College Station: Center for Ecological Archaeology, Texas A&M, 2001
336:, Texas. College Station: Center for Ecological Archaeology, Texas A&M, 2001
219:
114:
2250:
253:
180:
484:
2289:
2262:
2242:
268:
397:. www.tshaonline.org/handhook/online/articles/bmcah, accessed 16 Feb 2012.
2489:
extinct language / extinct tribe / early,
2448:
2311:
256:. Not enough information exists to classify Solano and Aranama. However,
199:
89:
319:
Powell, J. W. "Indian Linguistic Families of America, north of Mexico."
2462:
2431:
2326:
2305:
2293:
2274:
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2216:
2208:
2200:
292:
284:
276:
184:
19:
This article is about the proposed family. Not to be confused with the
2386:
2346:
2301:
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2254:
2246:
2234:
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2181:
272:
48:
2212:
2031:
1548:
297:
280:
44:
179:, a language family of several Native American peoples living in
2002:
1552:
521:
499:"South Texas Plains » Who Were the "Coahuiltecans"?"
382:
7th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1885–1886
347:
The Indians of Texas: from Prehistoric to Modern Times
222:
or Pakawa. Coahuilteco or Pakawa seems to have been a
2471:
2158:
2074:
2043:
1910:
1880:
1832:
1786:
1760:
1729:
1704:
1654:
1627:
1586:
1515:
1469:
1427:
1400:
1280:
1248:
1206:
1153:
1089:
1055:
960:
930:
899:
866:
813:
773:
740:
706:
672:
645:
559:
78:
64:
54:
38:
28:
358:Sapir, E. "The Hokan and Coahuiltecan Languages.
260:say that all these languages should be considered
321:Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology
154:. Most linguists now reject the view that the
323:, 1885–1886. Washington: GPO, 1891, pp. 68–69
2014:
1564:
533:
360:International Journal of American Linguistics
228:of Texas Coahuiltecans living at or near the
175:. Linguistic connections were proposed with
8:
419:Logan, Jennifer L. "Chapter 8: Linguistics"
332:Logan, Jennifer L. "Chapter 8: Linguistics"
2021:
2007:
1999:
1726:
1571:
1557:
1549:
1424:
1245:
1150:
863:
642:
540:
526:
518:
410:. Austin: U of TX Press, 1990, pp. 142–147
2479:Sam Houston and Native American relations
549:Indigenous language families and isolates
440:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
349:. Austin: U of TX Press, 1961, pp.29–30
312:
25:
438:The languages of Native North America
77:
7:
2521:Extinct languages of North America
146:was a proposed language family in
14:
505:. Austin: The University of Texas
2526:Native American history of Texas
2030:
362:. Vo. L, No 4 (Dec 1020), p. 280
123:
2037:Native American tribes in Texas
408:Indians of the Rio Grande Delta
384:. Washington: GPO, 1891, p. 68
1:
2531:Indigenous languages of Texas
2437:Wichita and Affiliated Tribes
248:Linguists have postulated a
2547:
2516:Proposed language families
2061:Kickapoo Traditional Tribe
436:Mithun, Marianne. (1999).
250:Comecrudan language family
18:
2487:
1983:
152:Native American languages
122:
66:Linguistic classification
33:
395:Handbook of Texas Online
393:"Coahuiltecan Indians."
258:linguistic conservatives
16:Obsolete language family
1902:Highland Oaxaca Chontal
345:Newcombe, Jr., W. W.
150:1891 classification of
2511:Coahuiltecan languages
1533:Unclassified languages
303:
162:Language relationships
2159:Historical Indigenous
2066:Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
490:Catholic Encyclopedia
301:
2076:Indigenous languages
2045:Federally recognized
503:Texas Beyond History
467:Coahuiltecan Indians
156:Coahuiltecan peoples
148:John Wesley Powell's
21:Coahuilteco language
1482:Algonquian–Wakashan
1470:Proposed groupings
560:Language families
304:
2498:
2497:
2056:Alabama–Coushatta
1996:
1995:
1990:extinct languages
1828:
1827:
1814:
1812:Havasupai dialect
1807:
1696:Southeastern Pomo
1680:Northeastern Pomo
1546:
1545:
1528:Extinct languages
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1276:
1275:
1202:
1201:
956:
955:
932:Takelma–Kalapuyan
472:Handbook of Texas
406:Salinas, Martin.
262:language isolates
230:Catholic Missions
141:
140:
2538:
2161:peoples of Texas
2035:
2034:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1810:
1805:Hualapai dialect
1803:
1730:Delta–California
1727:
1604:New River Shasta
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1538:Linguistic areas
1425:
1246:
1151:
864:
643:
542:
535:
528:
519:
514:
512:
510:
494:
485:"Pakawá Indians"
424:
417:
411:
404:
398:
391:
385:
378:
372:
369:
363:
356:
350:
343:
337:
330:
324:
317:
135:
133:
127:
26:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2483:
2467:
2281:Cherokee, Texas
2165:Oklahoma today)
2164:
2163:(Several are in
2162:
2160:
2154:
2078:
2070:
2049:
2046:
2039:
2029:
2027:
1997:
1992:
1979:
1943:Western Jicaque
1906:
1876:
1824:
1782:
1756:
1725:
1700:
1650:
1623:
1582:
1580:Hokan languages
1577:
1547:
1542:
1511:
1457:
1423:
1405:linguistic area
1404:
1396:
1285:linguistic area
1284:
1272:
1244:
1198:
1149:
1094:linguistic area
1093:
1085:
1059:linguistic area
1058:
1051:
952:
926:
895:
862:
809:
769:
736:
702:
668:
641:
561:
555:
546:
508:
506:
497:
483:
463:
433:
428:
427:
418:
414:
405:
401:
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388:
379:
375:
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366:
357:
353:
344:
340:
331:
327:
318:
314:
309:
243:Reynosa, Mexico
239:Albert Gatschet
232:established at
189:Baja California
164:
137:
131:
130:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2544:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2502:
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2495:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2472:Related topics
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:Wichita proper
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
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2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
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2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
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2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2283:
2278:
2220:
2198:
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2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2155:
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2152:
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2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
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2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1882:Tequistlatecan
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
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1575:
1568:
1561:
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1535:
1530:
1525:
1523:Classification
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Macro-Chibchan
1494:
1489:
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1471:
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1394:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1330:Tequistlatecan
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
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1263:
1255:
1253:
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1235:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1203:
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1199:
1197:
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1189:
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1175:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1148:
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1105:
1097:
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1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
995:
993:Tequistlatecan
990:
983:
978:
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967:
965:
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461:External links
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380:Powell, J. W.
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2491:obsolete name
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2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1991:
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1694:
1692:
1691:Southern Pomo
1689:
1687:
1686:Northern Pomo
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
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1672:
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1667:
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1250:Calusa–Tunica
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553:North America
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454:0-521-29875-X
451:
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446:0-521-23228-7
443:
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225:lingua franca
221:
217:
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197:
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182:
178:
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161:
159:
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149:
145:
126:
121:
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98:
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88:
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83:
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81:
73:
69:
67:
63:
59:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2286:Coahuiltecan
2267:Lower Nasoni
2186:Lipan Apache
2130:Tamaulipecan
2105:Coahuiltecan
2104:
1985:
1972:
1955:
1941:
1924:
1917:
1896:Tequistlatec
1894:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1799:Upland Yuman
1713:
1678:
1669:Eastern Pomo
1664:Central Pomo
1643:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1487:Aztec–Tanoan
1450:
1443:
1438:Guanahatabey
1436:
1429:Pre-Arawakan
1411:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1355:
1346:
1339:
1324:Oto-Manguean
1322:
1315:
1308:
1291:
1282:Mesoamerican
1265:
1258:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1091:Coahuiltecan
1090:
1078:
1071:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1004:
997:
985:
940:
919:
901:Coast Oregon
883:
876:
843:
802:
795:
783:
775:Macro-Siouan
757:
750:
729:
722:
715:
695:
688:
681:
661:
654:
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
568:
562:and isolates
507:. Retrieved
502:
488:
470:
437:
431:Bibliography
420:
415:
407:
402:
394:
389:
381:
376:
367:
359:
354:
346:
341:
333:
328:
320:
315:
266:
247:
223:
193:
165:
144:Coahuiltecan
143:
142:
79:Subdivisions
41:distribution
29:Coahuiltecan
2239:Kadohadacho
1890:Huamelultec
1843:Coahuilteco
1629:Palaihnihan
1492:Macro-Mayan
1357:Uto-Aztecan
1335:Totozoquean
1165:Coahuilteco
976:Palaihnihan
858:Tsimshianic
234:San Antonio
220:Coahuilteco
134: range
115:Coahuilteco
70:related to
47:, northern
2505:Categories
2251:Nacogdoche
2135:Tanpachoan
1348:Mixe–Zoque
1317:Misumalpan
1239:Chitimacha
731:Algonquian
697:Athabaskan
576:Yuki–Wappo
307:References
254:Rio Grande
181:California
39:Geographic
34:(obsolete)
2332:Karankawa
2290:Ervipiame
2263:Nanatsoho
2243:Nabedache
1988:indicate
1974:Yana/Yahi
1932:Jicaquean
1919:Chimariko
1871:Mamulique
1857:Comecrudo
1611:Okwanuchu
1502:Tolatecan
1402:Caribbean
1390:AlagĂĽilac
1383:Purépecha
1369:Cuitlatec
1341:Totonacan
1299:Jicaquean
1218:Muskogean
1193:Mamulique
1179:Comecrudo
1109:Karankawa
1012:Jicaquean
999:Chimariko
948:Kalapuyan
891:Sahaptian
839:Yok-Utian
824:Chinookan
797:Iroquoian
765:Chimakuan
581:Chumashan
509:4 October
469:from the
269:Ervipiame
212:Mamulique
196:Comecrudo
169:Karankawa
105:Mamulique
85:Comecrudo
2449:Tawakoni
2427:Tomoacas
2402:Saracuam
2392:Pulacuam
2312:Comanche
2190:Querecho
2145:Tonkawan
2110:Cotoname
2090:Atacapan
1850:Cotoname
1768:Maricopa
1747:Kumeyaay
1645:Atsugewi
1638:Achumawi
1597:Konomihu
1413:Arawakan
1293:Chibchan
1172:Cotoname
1130:Quinigua
1116:Maratino
815:Penutian
759:Wakashan
752:Salishan
663:Eskimoan
647:Eskaleut
200:Cotoname
90:Cotoname
60:by 1900s
2463:Yojuane
2445:Taovaya
2432:Tonkawa
2422:Tilijae
2412:Tamique
2407:Semonam
2372:Papanac
2367:Pampopa
2362:Paguame
2327:Jumanos
2306:Xarames
2294:Pajalat
2275:Nechaui
2231:Hasinai
2217:Deadose
2209:Akokisa
2201:Atakapa
2196:Aranama
2150:Wichita
2120:Pakawan
2095:Borrado
2085:Araname
1986:Italics
1957:Salinan
1926:Esselen
1834:Pakawan
1820:Yavapai
1778:Quechan
1737:Cocopah
1715:CochimĂ
1674:Kashaya
1588:Shastan
1477:Amerind
1452:Ciguayo
1445:Macorix
1419:Cariban
1393: ?
1252: ?
1232:Atakapa
1225:Natchez
1210: ?
1157: ?
1155:Pakawan
1144:Tonkawa
1102:Aranama
1057:Pueblo
1025:Salinan
1006:Esselen
971:Shastan
964: ?
942:Takelma
934: ?
921:Siuslaw
903: ?
878:Klamath
870: ?
868:Plateau
834:Maiduan
829:Wintuan
817: ?
791:Caddoan
777: ?
744: ?
683:Tlingit
674:Na-Dene
629:Waikuri
622:Timucua
615:Kutenai
594:Beothuk
448:(hbk);
293:Xarames
285:Quepano
277:Pajalat
204:Aranama
185:Arizona
173:Tonkawa
95:Aranama
56:Extinct
2441:Kichai
2387:Patiri
2377:Pastia
2352:Pachal
2347:Mayeye
2342:Kohani
2336:Copano
2317:Decose
2302:Sijame
2298:Payaya
2259:Nadaco
2255:Nacono
2247:Nabiti
2235:Hainai
2227:Eyeish
2205:Akokna
2182:Apache
2125:Solano
2115:Garzan
2047:tribes
1794:Paipai
1773:Mojave
1721:Kiliwa
1656:Pomoan
1618:Shasta
1507:Waroid
1363:Xincan
1304:Lencan
1267:Calusa
1260:Tunica
1137:Solano
1123:Naolan
1067:Tanoan
981:Pomoan
915:Coosan
910:Alsean
885:Molala
845:Yokuts
785:Siouan
636:PericĂş
608:Cayuse
474:Online
452:
444:
291:, and
289:Solano
273:Mayeye
218:, and
208:Solano
187:, and
132:
100:Solano
49:Mexico
2417:Teyas
2382:Pasxa
2357:Pacoa
2271:Neche
2223:Caddo
2213:Bidai
2177:Anxau
2100:Caddo
1968:Washo
1951:Karuk
1911:Other
1864:Garza
1761:River
1752:Tipai
1706:Yuman
1516:Lists
1376:Huave
1310:Mayan
1186:Garza
1073:Keres
1039:Washo
1018:Karuk
987:Yuman
962:Hokan
851:Utian
804:Yuchi
742:Mosan
724:Yurok
717:Wiyot
708:Algic
656:Aleut
601:Bidai
570:Haida
371:Logan
281:Quems
216:Garza
177:Hokan
110:Garza
72:Hokan
45:Texas
2453:Waco
2397:Sana
2322:Emet
2172:Adai
2140:Tiwa
1963:Seri
1742:Ipai
1208:Gulf
1080:Zuni
1046:Yana
1032:Seri
690:Eyak
587:Adai
511:2011
450:ISBN
442:ISBN
171:and
129:The
1937:Tol
1787:Pai
551:of
2507::
2455:,
2451:,
2447:,
2443:,
2304:,
2300:,
2296:,
2292:,
2273:,
2269:,
2265:,
2261:,
2257:,
2253:,
2249:,
2245:,
2241:,
2237:,
2233:,
2229:,
2215:,
2211:,
2207:,
2188:,
501:.
487:.
295:.
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
198:,
191:.
183:,
2459:)
2439:(
2338:)
2334:(
2308:)
2288:(
2277:)
2225:(
2219:)
2203:(
2192:)
2184:(
2022:e
2015:t
2008:v
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
541:e
534:t
527:v
513:.
493:.
456:.
74:?
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
